2014
SPECIAL SUPPORT
Second International Brazilian
Conference on Tribology
TriboBR-2014
Support
November 3rd to 5th, 2014 - Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná - Brazil
*Confirmed until October 17th, 2014
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Official Program
Abstracts Booklet
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OFFICIAL PROGRAM AND
ABSTRACTS BOOKLET
SECOND INTERNATIONAL BRAZILIAN
CONFERENCE ON TRIBOLOGY
Tribobr 2014
November 3rd to 5th, 2014
Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná - Brazil
Cataloguing Card
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology – TriboBR 2014 (2. : 2014 : Foz do
Iguaçu, PR);
Official Program and Abstracts Booklet of the Second International Brazilian Conference on
Tribology – TriboBR 2014 / Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia, Materiais e Mineração.
São Paulo: ABM, 2014.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Papers presented will be published in the event’s Proceedings, after the event’s
completion, and will be available at ABM website: www.abmbrasil.com.br/anais
Exclusive rights of publication reserved by ABM. The total or partial reproduction of this
document is allowed provided that the source is properly cited
ABM does not hold any responsibility for published abstracts. The content of the abstracts
is the entire responsibility of their respective authors
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Council President
Alfredo Huallem
Albano Chagas Vieira
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Executive director
Horacídio Leal Barbosa Filho
Directors
Arthur Pinto Chaves
Augusto Espeschit de Almeida
Carlos Alberto Briganti
Carmine Sarao Neto
Danielli Soares Melo Gaiotti
Frederico Ayres Lima
Hermenio Pinto Gonçalves
Márcio Frazão Guimarães Lins
Marcos Alexandre Stuart Nogueira
Oscar Acselrad
Paulo Miranda Gonçalves
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Romero Machado Correa
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Paraná ABM Reginal
Director
Vice-director
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Osvaldo Mitsuyuki Cintho
Events manager
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Events analysts
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Abstracts booklet edition
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Mirian Chakkour Nunes
Luciane Genzano Cruz
SECOND INTERNATIONAL BRAZILIAN CONFERENCE ON TRIBOLOGY
TriboBR 2014
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Prof. José Daniel Biasoli de Mello - Chair - UFU
Dr. Roberto Martins de Souza - Co-chair - USP
Prof. Aloisio Nelmo Klein - UFSC
Dr. EduardoTomanik - MAHLE
Dr. Giuseppe Pintaude - UTFPR
Dra. Henara Lillian Costa - UFU
Luiz Fernando Lastres - Petrobras
Dra. Marcia Marie Maru - INMETRO
Dra. Maria Cristina Moré Farias - UCS
SCIENTIFIC COORDINATORS
Dr. Giuseppe Pintaude - UTFPR
Prof. José Daniel Biasoli de Mello - Chair - UFU
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Hanshan Dong (UK)
Adilson Rodrigues da Costa (Brazil)
Carlos Henrique Silva (Brazil)
Cristiano Binder (Brazil)
Cristine Boher (France)
Danielle Dini (UK)
Fabrice Dessanoy (France)
Geralda Cristina Durães de Godoy (Brazil)
Gustavo C. Buscaglia (Brazil)
Helio Goldenstein (Brazil)
João Telésforo Nóbrega de Medeiros (Brazil)
John Jairo Coronado Marin (Colombia)
José Gomes (Portugal)
Lucia Vieira Santos (Brazil)
Luís Augusto Rocha (Brazil)
Marcelo Braga dos Santos (Brazil)
Marcio Gustavo Di Vernieri Cuppari (Brazil)
Maria Isabel de Barros Bouchet (France)
Massimo Pelizari (Italy)
Mathew T. Mathew (Canada)
Ricardo C. Dommarco (Argentina)
Richard R. Chromik (Canada)
Steven Shaffer (USA)
Thomaz Mathia (France)
Washington Martins da Silva Junior (Brazil)
INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD
Prof. Peter H. Jost - Honorary President (UK)
Prof. Dae-Eun Kim (Korea)
Prof. Enrico Ciulli (Italy)
Prof. Izhak Etsion (Israel)
Prof. John Willians (UK)
Prof. Michel Fillon (France)
Prof. Philip H. Shipway (UK)
Prof. Satish V. Kailas (India)
Prof. Alberto Arnaldo Raslan (Brazil)
Prof. Alejandro Toro (Colombia)
Prof. Amilcar Ramalho (Portugal)
Prof. André Paulo Tschiptschin (Brazil)
Dr. Cherlio Scandian (Brazil)
Prof. Gwidon W. Stachowiak (Australia)
Prof. G. Gregory Sawyer (USA)
Prof. Hugh Spikes (UK)
Prof. Jacob Klein (Israel)
Prof. Jean Michel Martin (France)
Prof. Koshi Adachi (Japan)
Prof. Margareth M. Stack (Scotland)
Dr. Martin Dienwiebel (Germany)
Prof. Mitjan Kalin (Slovenia)
Prof. Nicholas D. Spencer (Switzerland)
Dr. Peter Julian Blau (USA)
Dr. Stefano Mischler (Switzerland)
Prof. Zygmunt Rymuza (Poland)
WELCOME
Dear participant,
The First International Brazilian Conference on
Tribology (TriboBR 2010) was held in Rio de Janeiro,
in November 2010. That meeting was certainly a
milestone for Brazilian Tribology, providing, along with
other aspects, a forum for high-quality discussions on
tribological issues. That meeting was also characterized
by a strong scientific and technological interaction of
Brazilian researchers among themselves and with those
coming from abroad.
Similarly, during the four years following TriboBR
2010, some positive aspects have indicated the strength
and growth of the tribological Brazilian community.
Most of the tribology groups remain active and other
groups were nucleated, expanding tribological research
to other academic and non-academic institutions. In
fact, industry-academy interactions related to tribology
have increased since 2010, both in terms of number
and of funds. The past years have also witnessed an
increase in the number and depth of the interactions of
Brazilian groups with institutions abroad, demonstrated,
for example, by a continuous exchange of researchers,
including a significant amount of students. The role
of TriboBR 2010 in strengthening some of those
interactions and triggering others was crucial.
The Second International Brazilian Conference on
Tribology has all the elements for another successful
event. Most of the tribology groups in Brazil will be once
again represented, exposing results and ideas that have
passed peer-reviewing analysis. Additionally, TriboBR
2014 will benefit from the presence of tribologists
from fourteen different countries, including another
remarkable set of plenary and invited speakers. TriboBr
2014, to be held in Foz do Iguaçu, will emphasize the
tribological challenges associated with sustainability and
renewable energy sources, in particular hydroelectric
and wind power generation, biofuels and biolubricants.
Itaipú Binacional, the second biggest hydroelectric
power plant in the world (14000 MW) will be a perfect
location to discuss sustainability and its tribological
challenges.
The organizing committee would like to thank the
support from ABM – the Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials
& Mining Association, the PTI (Parque Tecnologico de
Itaipu) for hosting then conference, the endorsement
from IFToMM and ITC, the financial support from all the
sponsors, the International Advisory Board, the Scientific
Committee and all others who have contributed to the
success of TriboBR2014. We welcome all participants,
with the confidence of sharing with them another
pleasant and fruitful conference, surrounded by the
beautiful Iguassu falls.
José Daniel Biasoli de Mello
Chair of the TriboBR 2014
GENERAL INFORMATION
VENUE
6731, Tancredo Neves Avenue
Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná - Brazil
Phone: +55 (45) 3576-7200 - Fax: +55 (45) 3576-7199
www.pti.org.br
OPENING CEREMONY
• Greetings and composition of the table of honor;
• Brazilian National Anthem;
• Thanks, compliments and acknowledgment of distinguished participants;
• Speech by the Chair of Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology, Prof. José Daniel Biasoli de Mello;
• Welcome remarks by Horacidio Leal Barbosa Filho, Executive Director of ABM;
• End of ceremony.
EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT - OPERATING HOURS
November 3rd (Monday) - from 7:30am to 6:30pm
November 4th (Tuesday) - from 7:30 am to 4:00pm
November 5th (Wednesday) - from 7:30am to 5:30pm
PRESS OFFICE OF ABM
Responsible journalist: Maria Izilda Ferreira Bueno (Mtb 12.995)
Beatriz Amadei (Mtb. 46.053)
Fatma M. Thorlay Gomes (Mtb 10.738)
Phone: +55 (11) 5534-4333
E-mail: [email protected]
www.abmbrasil.com.br
GENERAL INFORMATION
Erika Akashi
Phone: +55 (11) 5534-4333 - ext. 112
[email protected]
LIABILITY INSURANCE
Your safety and welfare are assured during the event
by the coverage of civil liability insurance, sponsored by:
THE BOOK WAS PRINTED WITH RECLYCLED PAPER AND WATER BASED INK, THEREFORE ENCOURAGING THE IDEA OF RECYCLING.
Phone: +55 (12) 3924-6000
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OFFICIAL PROGRAM - NOveMbeR, 3rd - MONdAy
Room 1
CésaR LaTTes audiToRium
Time
Room 2
FLoResTan FeRnandes i Room
8:30am
9:00am
Opening session
9:00am
10:00am
PLenaRy LeCTuRe - Dr. Ali Erdemir - Argonne National Laboratory, USA
design, development and implementation of smart nanocomposite Coatings for improved energy efficiency and
durability in engines
10:00am
10:30am
Coffee break
10:00am
10:30am
Author’s coffee
Author’s coffee
10:30am
11:10am
inviTed sPeakeR
Tribology of carbon-based coatings and their application
in advanced bearings - Prof. Esteban Broitman - Linköping
University, Sweden
inviTed sPeakeR
influence of polymer shear thinning on friction in
hydrodynamic contacts - Prof. Hugh Spikes - Imperial College, UK
11:10am
11:30am
Comparisons of tribological properties of Ti(C,n)/siC in
water and seawater - Lei Liu, Qingwen Dai, Wei Huang, Xiaolei
Wang (Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics)
effects of ethanol on film thickness and friction of group
one engine oils - Henara Lillian Costa (Universidade Federal de
Uberlândia), Hugh Spikes (Imperial College London)
11:30am
11:50am
Load carrying capacity of a heterogeneous surface
assessment of automotive lubricant oil evolution through
bearing - Evan Thomas, Romeo P. Glovnea (University of Sussex), technology prospecting - Eduardo Dominguez Trindade, Renata
Mircea D. Pascovici (“Politehnica” University)
Cristina Teixeira (Petrobras)
11:50am
2:00pm
Lunch
1:30pm
2:00pm
Author’s coffee
2:00pm
3:00pm
PLenaRy LeCTuRe - Prof. Alfons Fisher - Universität Duisburg-Essen, Germany
dissipative mechanisms under Boundary Lubricated ultra-mild sliding Wear of metals
3:00pm
3:20pm
Cavitation erosion resistance of active screen-low
ultra-low friction coefficient in the sliding of si3n4-al2o3
temperature plasma nitrided aisi 410 martensitic stainless in water: aB iniTio study of running-in - Cherlio Scandian,
Nathan Fantecelle Strey, Roberto Balarini Junior (UFES)
steel - André Paulo Tschiptschin, Luis Armando Espitia (USP),
Hanshan Dong, Xiao-Ying Li (University of Birmingham), Carlos
Eduardo Pinedo (Heat Tech)
3:20pm
3:40pm
Cavitation erosion damage of metallic materials in rotating effect of silica concentracion on wear and friction of silicon
disk testing - José Divo Bressan, Marcos Antunes Klemz, Gil
nitride sliding against alumina in water - Amilton Sinatora,
Bazanini (Udesc)
Eliel dos Santos, Roberto Pereira de Oliveira (USP)
3:40pm
4:00pm
analysis of critical load of multilayered/gradient Cralsin Pvd
coatings meansured using scratch tests - Silviu Victor, Carlos
Augusto Silva de Oliveira (UFSC), Washington Martins da Silva Júnior,
Vinícius Carvalho Teles, José Daniel Biasoli de Mello (UFU)
4:00pm
4:30pm
Coffee break
4:00pm
4:30pm
Author’s coffee
4:30pm
5:30pm
PLenaRy LeCTuRe - Prof. Jacob Klein - Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
molecular mechanisms of Biological Lubrication
5:30pm
5:50pm
numerical modeling of adhesion and adhesive failure
during the unidirectional contact between metallic
surfaces - Cristiano Fernandes Lagatta, Eleir Mundim Bortoleto,
Erika Fernanda Prados, Izabel Fernanda Machado, Luiz Gustavo Del
Bianchi da Silva Lima, Newton Kiyoshi Fukumasu, Roberto Martins
Souza, Vanessa Seriacopi (USP)
5:50pm
6:10pm
effect of size nodule graphite on the wear resistance of adi: Friction behaviour and the stribeck curve in reciprocating
a finite element study - Wilson Luiz Guesser (UDESC), Carlos
cycles - Eduardo Dominguez Trindade (Petrobras), Amilton
Henrique da Silva, Fábio Koda, Jairo Alberto Blanco Martinez, Luiz Sinatora (USP)
Henrique Accorsi Gans (UTFPR)
7:00pm
9:00pm
Cocktail
Author’s coffee
effect of temperature and atmosphere on the tribological
behaviour of high tribological performance Peek
(Polyether ether ketone) composite - Renan Muller Schroeder
(R&D solutions), Aloisio Nelmo Klein, Cristiano Binder, Diego
Vinicius Dalevedo Barboza, Felipe Darabas Rzatki, Guilherme Mariz
de Oliveira Barra, José Daniel Biasoli de Mello (UFSC)
Author’s coffee
The future of lubricants is in “closing the cycle” and ecotoxicity; cutting oil emulsions as an example - K. R. Sathwik
Chatra, Satish V. Kailas (Indian Institute of Science)
OFFICIAL PROGRAM - NOveMbeR, 4th - TuesdAy
Room 1
CésaR LaTTes audiToRium
Time
Room 2
FLoResTan FeRnandes i Room
8:00am
8:30am
Author’s coffee
8:30am
9:30am
PLenaRy LeCTuRe - Prof. WilfriedJ. Bartz - Technische Akademie Esslingen e. V., Germany
energy sources for the Future - Tribological aspects of Water and Wind energy Plants
Author’s coffee
9:30am
9:50am
modelling the dynamic behaviour of large hydro
generating units guide bearings - Geraldo Carvalho Brito
Junior (Itaipu Binacional), Anselmo Chaves Neto, Roberto
Dalledone Machado (UFPR)
Tribological study of self-lubricating composites with
hexagonal boron nitride and graphite as solid lubricants Kelen Juliane Mucelin, Priscila da Costa Gonçalves, Gisele Hammes
(UFSC), Roberto Binder (Whirlpool- Embraco Unit), Rolf Janssen
(Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg), Aloisio Nelmo Klein
(UFSC), José Daniel Biasoli de Mello (UFU)
9:50am
10:10am
effect of the presence of the lifting pocket on the THd
performance of a large tilting-pad thrust bearing - Michel
Fillon (Institut Pprime), Michał Wodtke, Michał Wasilczuk (Gdansk
University of Technology)
Tribological properties of Tio2/au nanocomposites aimed
toward decorative thin films applications - A. Cavaleiro
(University of Coimbra), E. Alves, N.P. Barradas (Instituto
Tecnológico e Nuclear), C.S. Abreu, F. Vaz, J. Matos, J.R. Gomes, M.
Torrell (Universidade do Minho)
10:10am
10:30am
itaipu Binacional hydro power plant thrust bearing design
optimization for higher efficiency - Andreas Schubert, Michel
Spiridon, Piotr Pajaczkowski (Alstom Renewable), Geraldo Carvalho
Brito Júnior, João Maria Marra (Itaipu Binacional)
surface microhardness of aisi 4140 steel nitrided during
electric discharge machining - Rogério Felício dos Santos, Ernane
Rodrigues da Silva (CEFET-MG), André Rezende Figueiredo Oliveira,
Henara Lillian Costa, Alberto Arnaldo Raslan (UFU)
10:30am
12:10pm
Coffee break / Poster session*
12:10pm
2:10pm
Lunch
2:10pm
2:50pm
inviTed sPeakeR
Global impact of friction on energy use in transportation
and industry - Prof. Kenneth Holmberg - VTT Technical Research
Centre of Finland, Finland
inviTed sPeakeR
Frictional Behavior of micro-rolling elements - Prof. Dae-Eun
Kim - Yonsei University-Korea
2:50pm
3:10pm
Tribological properties of Carbon nanotubes as lubricant
additive in oil and water for a wheel-rail system - Javier
Lara Romero, Jesús A. Carlos Cornelio (Universidad Michoacana
de San Nicolás de Hidalgo), Alejandro Toro, Paula A. Cuervo
Velásquez (National University of Colombia), Lina M. Hoyos Palacio
(Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana)
The phenomenon of thermo-capillary migration effected
by surface micro-grooves - Qingwen Dai, Wei Huang, Xiaolei
Wang (Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics)
3:10pm
3:30pm
dry and lubricated wear of rail steel under rolling contact
fatigue - Alejandro Toro, Juan Felipe Santa, Santiago MayaJohnson - National University of Colombia
effect of liner texture on ring/liner tribological performance
Gustavo C. Buscaglia, Hugo M. Checo (USP), Mohammed Jai (Institut
Nationale des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon)
4:00pm
6:00pm
visit to itaipu Binacional - the second biggest hydroelectric power plant in the world
8:00pm
11:00pm
dinner
OFFICIAL PROGRAM - NOveMbeR, 4th - TuesdAy
*PosTeR session - 10:30am to 12:10pm
abrasion resistance of nickel aluminide coatings deposited by HvoF and PTa processes
Marjorie Benegra, Giuseppe Pintaude, Ossimar Maranho, Ana Luiza Beltrão Santana (UTFPR)
analysis of lubricant action of biodiesel using response surface methodology
Valdicleide Silva Mello, Salete Martins Alves (UFRN)
analysis of the amplitude influence on the ultrasonic cavitation test of the aBnT304 stainless steel using optical profilometer
Anderson Geraldo Marenda Pukasiewicz, Wellington Uczak de Goes (UTFPR)
aplication of acoustic emission for monitoring erosive wear tests of low carbon steel by solid particles
Gustavo Borges Tiboni (Aker Solutions do Brasil), Carlos Henrique da Silva (UFTPR)
Comparative study of the wear of specimens lubricated with mineral oil or biofluids
Dyego Monteiro de Souza, Antonio Paulino de Araujo Neto, João Telésforo Nobrega de Medeiros (UFRN), Lauralice de Campos Franceschine Canale (USP)
High performance lubricant from modified vegetable oil
Salete Martins Alves, Marinalva FerreiraTrajano, Erinéia da Silva Santos (UFRN)
High temperature/velocity erosion of thermal barrier coatings: field diagnosis and laboratory testing approach
Alejandro Toro, Augusto César Barrios Tamayo, Luis Emilio Tobón Botero (National University of Colombia), Pablo Andrés Gómez Florez (EPM)
kinetic friction modeling and standard uncertainty measurement determination for sliding bearing on shaft apparatus
Carlos Henrique da Silva, João Luiz do Vale (UTFPR)
mechanical strength in two ferrous alloys
Diogo Tenório dos Santos (Centro Universitário da FEI), Júlio César Dutra (University of Guarulhos), Nivaldo Lemos Coppini (Unicamp)
micro-abrasive wear behaviour of an iron aluminide alloy under conditions of room and elevated temperatures
Cláudio Geraldo Schön, Ronaldo Câmara Cozza (USP), Lucas Cremonese Rodrigues (Centro Universitário da FEI)
micro-abrasive wear test of low-temperature plasma nitrided aisi 420 steel: effects of previous heat treatment on wear behaviour
Renan Akio Fraga, Rodrigo Perito Cardoso, Silvio Francisco Brunatto (UFPR), Cristiano José Scheuer (UFSM)
microstructure and properties of CoCrmosi alloy coatings by plasma transferred arc (PTa) weld surfacing
Adriano Scheid, Rafael Guetter Bohatch (UFPR)
study of the surface morphology of a carbon steel after testings corrosive-cavitative-erosive wear in aqueous medium with salt (naCl), Co2 and
solid particulates (sio2) fractions
Fernando Nunes da Silva, Plínio Melo de Oliveira, Eugênio Teixeira de Carvalho Filho, Djalma Ribeiro da Silva, João Telésforo Nóbrega de Medeiros (UFRN), Jardel
Dantas da Cunha (UFERSA)
Test apparatus for evaluation of the friction force and wear abrasive applied to unloading tripper trucks
Elvys Isaias Mercado Curi, João da Silva Júnior, Richard de Medeiros Castro (Faculdade SATC)
Tribological behaviour of dental enamel under reciprocating sliding
Priscilla Pessin Coppo, Rafael Yagüe Ballester (USP), Mateus Aguiar Martins, Cherlio Scandian (UFES), Flavio José da Silva (UFPE)
OFFICIAL PROGRAM - NOveMbeR, 5th - WedNesdAy
Time
8:00am
8:30am
9:30am
8:30am
9:30am
9:50am
9:50am
10:10am
10:10am
10:30am
10:30am
10:30am
11:00am
11:00am
11:00am
11:40am
11:40am
12:00pm
12:00pm
12:20pm
12:20pm
12:40pm
12:40pm
1:30pm
2:00pm
2:00pm
2:00pm
2:40pm
2:40pm
3:00pm
3:00pm
3:20pm
3:20pm
3:40pm
3:40pm
3:40pm
4:10pm
4:10pm
4:10pm
4:30pm
4:30pm
4:50pm
4:50pm
5:10pm
5:10pm
5:30pm
Room 1
CésaR LaTTes audiToRium
Room 2
FLoResTan FeRnandes i Room
Author’s coffee
Author’s coffee
PLenaRy LeCTuRe - Prof. Jianbin Luo - Tsinghua University, China - advancements in Liquid superlubricity
The dislocation structure and stick-slip Phenomenon - A.
The influence of the normal load and grit size on the abrasive
Laikhtman, V. Perfilyev, A. Moshkovich, I. Lapsker, L. Rapoport (Holon wear of polymeric materials used in mining industry - Lionel
Institute of Technology)
Loïc Limol, Davi Andrade Fagundes, Vinicius Varnier Schmitberger,
Marcelo Camargo Severo de Macêdo, Cherlio Scandian (UFES)
The influence of topography on the specific dissipated friction Processing methods and predictive model for wavy-tilt-dam
power in ultra-mild sliding wear: experiment and simulation - mechanical seal - Yuechang Wang, Ying Liu, Zhi Gao, Weifeng
Alfons Fischer, Daniel Stickel (University of Duisburg-Essen)
Huang, Yuming Wang (Tsinghua University)
dry sliding wear of Ca-6nm stainless steel with relatively low experimental evaluation of the method air scouring used
surface roughness - Giuseppe Pintaude (UTFPR), Gismar Schilive de in flushing systems for cleaning pipes - Vitor Orlando Ferreira,
Richard de Medeiros Castro, Elvys Isaias Mercado Curyi, João da Silva
Souza, Rogério Breganon, Silvio Francisco Brunatto (UFPR)
Júnior (Faculty SATC)
Coffee break
Author’s coffee
Author’s coffee
inviTed sPeakeR
inviTed sPeakeR
Tribology of artificial Hip Joints - Prof. Zhongmin Jin - University
Plasma diagnostics and materials characterization of oxide
of Leeds, UK
and oxynitride thin films deposited by reactive HiPims - Prof.
Pierre-Yves Jouan - Institut des Matériaux Jean-Rouxel, France
Tribocurrent and Friction Force at a metal-insulator
investigation of Frictional Behavior of o-ring Roller - Dae-Eun
interfaces: a Common origin - Ali Erdemir, Thiago A. L. Burgo
Kim, Do-Hyeong Kim (Yonsei University)
(Argonne National Laboratory)
evaluation of Triboelectricity in diamond-like Coatings
Control strategies for friction dampers: numerical assessment
containing silver nanoparticles using aFm and kPFm - Lucia
and experiemtal investigations - Francisco Paulo Lépore Neto,
Vieira, Homero Santiago Maciel, Rodrigo Savio Pessoa (ITA), Thaisa
Humberto Tronconi Coelho, Marcelo Braga dos Santos (UFU)
Baesso Santos (UNIVAP)
Tribo-electric behaviors of materials under high speed and
assessment of multifunctional coating adhesion: comparison
large current - Yong-Zhen Zhang, Xian-Juan Pang, Bao Shangguan
between indentation and scratch tests - Renan Oss Giacomelli,
(Henan University of Science and Technology), Zheng-Hai Yang
José Mário de Mattos, Pedro Besen Soprano, Diego Salvaro, Cristiano
(Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protections)
Binder, Aloísio Nelmo Klein, José Daniel Biasoli de Mello (UFSC)
Lunch
Author’s coffee
Author’s coffee
PLenaRy LeCTuRe - Prof. Amilton Sinatora - Sao Paulo State University, Brazil
Tribology of FLeX - FueL engines an on going consortium
Wear analyses of mill components in an iron ore pelletizing assessment of velocity accommodation mechanisms activated
plant - Andre de Almeida Grilo, Fabio Arielo Guastala, José
in pin-on-disc contact at high temperature - Christine Boher,
Guilherme Pelição Pancieri (Vale), Marcelo Tadeu Milan (Materials
Farhad Rezaï-Aria, Karin Faria Pinho (Institut Clément Ader), Yves
Institute of Brazil)
Berthier (INSA-Lyon), Cherlio Scandian (UFES)
a discussion on the application of bi-dimensional shape
Genesis and stability of tribolayers in solid lubrication: case
factors of particles causing severe wear of metals - Giuseppe
of pair dLC-stainless steel - Márcio Silvério, Roberto Binder,
Pintaude, Mario Coseglio (UTFPR)
Renan Schoreder (Embraco), Diego Berti Salvaro, Cristiano Binder,
Deise Rebelo Consoni, Aloisio Nelmo Klein, José Daniel Biasoli de
Mello (UFSC)
influence of normal load and counterface roughness
Tribological behavior of thread compound for applications in
on micro-abrasion/corrosion of aisi 304 in 1n H2so4
oil and gas industry - Nicolás Ariel Zabala, Walter Roberto Tuckart
environment - Wilian da Silva Labiapari (Aperam South America), (UNS-CONICET), Pablo Adrián Castro (TenarisSiderca R&D Center)
Miguel Angel Narvaez Ardila, Marcelo Braga dos Santos, José Daniel
Biasoli de Mello (UFU)
Coffee break
Author’s coffee
Author’s coffee
niobium carbide (nbC) as wear resistant hardmetal in opened Grease lubrication of gears - Johann-Paul Stemplinger, Karsten
and closed tribosystems - Mathias Woydt (BAM Federal Institute for Stahl (Technische Universitaet Muenchen)
Materials Research and Testing), Hardy Mohrbacher (Niobelcon BVBA)
Preliminary effectiveness of ultrasonic nanocrystallline
evaluation of bearing, gears and gearboxes performance with
surface modification on the tribological properties of sintered different wind turbine gear oils - Carlos M.C.G. Fernandes, Jorge
alumina - Amanov Auezhan, Pyun Young-Sik (Sun Moon University) H. O. Seabra, Ramiro Carneiro Martins (Universidade do Porto)
master plan of lubrification: how to implement an efficient
Tribological properties of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for use
lubrication plan in the mining sector - Angelo dos Reis
as artificial articular cartilage - José R. Gomes, V. Rego, V.M.
Magalhães, Adilson Leite Araujo, Baltazar Agenor Bailona, Pedro
Sardinha (Universidade do Minho), L.L. Lima, C.A.C. Zavaglia, W.D.
Henrique Cardoso Furtado, Hugo Leonardo Freitas, Marcos Alexsandro
Belangero, V.P. Bavaresco (Unicamp)
Reis (Anglo American)
Closure ceremony
We recorded a special thanks to our volunteers, committee
organizational/editorial, lectures and presidents invited
to the technical sessions.
Summary
Abstracts (in alphabetical order of titles)......................................................... 3
Author Index........................................................................................................................ 29
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
25345
A discussion on the application
of bi-dimensional shape factors
of particles causing severe
wear of metals
Giuseppe Pintaude – UTFPR
Mario Coseglio – UTFPR
The use of two-dimensional shape parameters
to characterize abrasive particles is a possible
approach to express their angularity. Nonetheless,
in sliding abrasion, especially in pin abrasion
testing, coated papers structure plays an important
role and even its damage during the wear process
should not be neglected. This manuscript
discuss the limitations of two-dimensional shape
descriptors in distinguishing wear caused by
relatively hard particles, indicating that the wear
data obtained in sliding abrasion tests are unable
to distinguish different types of coated papers used
when only the two-dimensional particle projection
is considered for shape characterization.
Keywords: Wear; Particle shape; Sliding
abrasion.
25354
ABRASION RESISTANCE OF NICKEL
ALUMINIDE COATINGS DEPOSITED
BY HVOF AND PTA PROCESSES
Marjorie Benegra – UTFPR
Giuseppe Pintaude – UTFPR
Ossimar Maranho – UTFPR
Ana Luiza Beltrão Santana – UTFPR
This study aims to compare the wear resistance
assessed in rubber wheel abrasion test of nickel
aluminide coatings deposited by for Plasma
Transferred Arc (PTA) and High Velocity Oxigen
Fuel (HVOF) manufacturing, using the same raw
material. A nickel aluminide powder was atomized
and deposited on 316L steel plate substrate. After
deposition, some specimens were submitted to
a heat treating (1,200°C for 24 h followed by
760°C for 24 h). The coatings deposited using
PTA developed different microstructures due
to the incorporation of substrate elements, its
performance was better than the HVOF coatings,
although their Vickers hardness was similar. After
heat treating, a significant variation in hardness
and wear resistance was observed. For PTA
specimens, there were decrease in hardness of 35%,
while for HVOF ones this drop was approximately
20%. Nonetheless, the effect of thermal exposure
in wear resistance was quite different: an increase
3
of 21% was observed for HVOF coatings, while
a reduction of 20% occurred in PTA ones.
Microstructures modifications in PTA coatings
were significant for their wear resistance. On the
other hand, the reduction of porosity and sintering
were responsible for a better performance of heattreated HVOF coatings.
Keywords: Rubber wheel abrasion; HVOF; PTA;
Nickel aluminide coatings.
25773
ANALYSIS OF CRITICAL LOAD OF
MULTILAYERED/GRADIENT CrAlSiN
PVD COATINGS MEANSURED USING
SCRATCH TESTS
Washington Martins da Silva Júnior – UFU
Vinícius Carvalho Teles – UFU
Silviu Victor – UFSC
Carlos Augusto Silva de Oliveira – UFSC
José Daniel Biasoli de Mello – UFU
In stamping process, sliding between metal sheet
and forming tool leads to wear of tool surface.
Maintenance of stamping tools involves polishing
the tool edge, or, in case of severe damage,
replacement of the tool. Hard coatings have been
applied on the stamping tool surfaces in order
to reduce the maintenance cost causing a great
economic impact in metal work industry. In this
work, CrAlSiN coatings were applied by PVD
onto SRV2W tool steel. The coating toughness
was avaliated by the critical load in scratch tests.
The following coating parameters were analyzed:
1- substrate surface finishing process; 2- coating
architecture (multilayer or gradient); 3- chemical
composition of the coating. AlSi concentration
varied from the substrate/coating interface to the
surface. Coatings were 3 µm thick. Scratch tests
were carried out using a Vickers indenter. The
applied normal load was varied from 0 to 13 N
for a scratch length of 5 mm. In order to study the
effect in the toughness, the substrate roughness
was controlled by the finishing process before PVD
coating. Samples subjected to polishing presented
highest critical loads. Gradient coatings presented
higher critical loads than those with a multilayer
architecture. Coatings with higher concentration
of AlSi near the surface supported higher loads
before failure.
Keywords: PVD coatings; Coating architecture;
Multilayered/gradient coating; Scratch test;
Coating toughness.
4
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
25540
ANALYSIS OF LUBRICANT ACTION
OF BIODIESEL USING RESPONSE
SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Valdicleide Silva Mello – UFRN
Salete Martins Alves – UFRN
Nowadays the biodiesel use is obligate in Brazil,
in order to reduce the emissions of fuel burn.
However, it is important to analyze which
percentage of biodiesel is necessary to keep or
improve the lubricant action of fuel for diesel
engine, as well which kind of biodiesel give
better performance. Therefore, this work aims to
analyze the parameters that keep the lubricant
action of biofuels, by using the Box-Behnken
design type to optimize them. In this design
was evaluated the input parameters: the type
of the biodiesel (soybean, sunflower and palm),
the concentration (5%, 20% and 100%) and
the temperature of contact (25°C, 40°C and
60°C). The analyzed output parameters were the
percentage of film formation, coefficient of friction,
wear scar diameter (WSD) of ball, these output
parameters were obtained by HFRR tribometer
and they were analyzed applying response surface
methodology. With this methodology was possible
to determine the simultaneous influence and the
interactions between two or more independent
variables investigated. The response surfaces
generated for the coefficients of friction, WSD,
film formation showed a higher lubricant action
for higher levels of concentration of biodiesel. An
increase in lubricant action was found to high and
intermediate temperature.
Keywords: Biodiesel; Lubricity; Response surface
methodology.
25678
ANALYSIS OF THE AMPLITUDE
INFLUENCE ON THE ULTRASONIC
CAVITATION TEST OF THE ABNT304
STAINLESS STEEL USING OPTICAL
PROFILOMETER
Wellington Uczak de Goes – UTFPR
Anderson Geraldo Marenda Pukasiewicz – UTFPR
Cavitation mass loss occurs when a surface
is exposed to a fluid with a localized pressure
variation. Cavitation erosion frequently occurs
in hydraulic equipments like: hydraulic turbines,
valves, pumps and ship propellers. The main
goal of this work is to perform an experimental
investigation of the vibration amplitude influence
on the cavitation mass loss of a stainless steel, and
the consequences on the roughness of the material.
The experimental investigation was performed
using an ultrasonic cavitation test with indirect
method in accordance to ASTM G32/03. Different
amplitudes were applied, and the mass loss and
roughness were measured during cavitation tests.
The roughness was measured using an optical
profilometer. The average profile was calculated
from five random profiles of the sample at each
test time near the center of the cavitated area.
With the increase on the amplitude of vibration,
the mass loss of the tested samples increase,
and a reduction on the period of incubation was
observed. The increase on the amplitude of the
ultrasonic equipment promote a change on the
roughness profile behavior of the samples, and
an increase on the Ra and Rq were observed.
Additionally to Ra and Rq, different aspects of the
surface roughness were evaluated.
Keywords: Cavitation; Optical profilometry;
Erosion rate; Surface roughness.
25717
APLICATION OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION
FOR MONITORING EROSIVE WEAR
TESTS OF LOW CARBON STEEL BY
SOLID PARTICLES
Gustavo Borges Tiboni – Aker Solutions do Brasil
Carlos Henrique da Silva – UFTPR
The erosive wear caused by the impact of solid
particles against a surface is a tribological
phenomenon present in many segments of the
industry, such as transportation, aerospace,
mining, power generation, among others. The most
usual method to set the wear rate is by measuring
the mass loss of the material. In order to apply one
technique with potential to determine the rate of
erosion wear, this study developed a dedicated
equipment and conducted preliminary erosion
tests monitored by non-destructive testing known
as acoustic emission technique (AE). This can be
defined as a technique able to detect mechanical
waves generated by the release of elastic energy
accumulated in the material. Erosion tests were
performed in order to evaluate the ability of
equipment to collect data from AE and to correlate
these data with the wear of the samples. Samples of
low carbon steel eroded by the impact of angular
aluminum oxide particles suspended in air at
three different velocities: 45, 57 and 67 m/s. The
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
5
impact angle between the particles and the sample
was set at 30 degrees and the test temperature at
approximately 20°C. The wear rate has changed
with the velocity in accordance with the kinetic
energy of the particles and the AE parameter RMS
showed sensitivity to the variation of particle
impact velocity and to the wear of the sample
eroded. The rate of AE signals collected over time
correlated with the flow of particles striking the
sample, and with the parameters of energy, rise
time and duration of the signal.
25743
Keywords: Acoustic emission; Erosion; Wear
rate; Wear mechanisms; RMS.
The adhesion of multifunctional coatings on
soft substrates is of paramount importance in
the tribological behavior of this important class
of surface treatment. In particular, scratch and
indentation tests have been extensively used
in order to assess this property. In this paper,
the adhesion of a-C:H diamond-like carbon
films deposited on nitrided low carbon steel was
evaluated by indentation and scratch tests. The
coatings were produced by PECVD onto 1020 steel
substrates with two different surface finishing:
ground (Sq = 0.184 µm) and polished (Sq =
0.002 µm). Indentation tests using a Rockwell
diamond indenter were conducted and the adhesion
evaluated by measuring the spalling region on
images obtained by using optical microscopy. The
analysis of the spalling regions produced semiquantitative results, eliminating the subjective
qualitative analysis proposed by the standard
method VDI 3198. In addition, scratch tests
were performed using the same indenter and
a comparison between the two techniques was
established.
25751
Assessment of automotive
lubricant oil evolution
through technology
prospecting
Renata Cristina Teixeira – Petrobras S.A.
Eduardo Dominguez Trindade – Petrobras S.A.
The lubricant oil is a complex mixture of different
basestocks and additives. Engine oils evolved
from the use of pure mineral basestocks back
in the early years of automotive industry to
the advent of synthetic, fully formulated, low
ash lubricants. This evolution was driven by a
number of factors, such as new engine designs,
extended durability needs, increased fuel economy
needs, environmental concerns, feedstock prices
and availability and legal issues. This paper
uses technology prospecting on literature and
patents databases to allow an investigation on the
historical evolution of engine oils. Main basestocks
(mineral, hydrotreated, polyalphaolefins, esters)
and additives (antioxidants, antiwear, friction
modifiers, detergents and dispersants) are
characterized according to their research effort.
Technology prospecting data is crosschecked
against the evolution of engine oil classes, allowing
an analysis of how the main drivers push the
development of lubricant oil quality. A research
effort was identified in late 1990’s until mid2000’s and related to the adoption of chemical
limits for lubricants. Different patterns for the
articles and patents publication account for the
high value technological knowledge has in this
industry. Technology prospecting is seen as a
useful methodology for the understanding and
forecast of lubricant technology movements.
Keywords: Lubricant; Base oil; Lubricant
additive; Technology prospecting.
ASSESSMENT OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL
COATING ADHESION: COMPARISON
BETWEEN INDENTATION AND
SCRATCH TESTS
Renan Oss Giacomelli – UFSC
José Mário de Mattos – UFSC
Pedro Besen Soprano – UFSC
Diego Salvaro – UFSC
Cristiano Binder – UFSC
Aloísio Nelmo Klein – UFSC
José Daniel Biasoli de Mello – UFSC
Keywords: Diamond-like carbon; Adhesion;
Topography; Nitrided steel.
25422
ASSESSMENT OF VELOCITY
ACCOMMODATION MECHANISMS
ACTIVATED IN PIN-ON-DISC
CONTACT AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
Karin Faria Pinho – Institut Clément Ader
Christine Boher – Institut Clément Ader
Yves Berthier – INSA-Lyon
Cherlio Scandian – UFES
Farhad Rezaï-Aria – Institut Clément Ader
The purpose of this paper is to assess the velocity
accommodation mechanisms in a pin-on-disc
contact at high temperature. Two test campaigns
were carried out: a high rotational speed
(300 rpm) and low rotational speed (10 rpm).
6
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
In both campaigns, the velocity accommodation
mechanisms have been identified from postmortem observations of the contact surfaces. The
interpretation of these observations was found
to be highly dependent on the methodology of
analysis used. Regardless of the rotational speed,
the velocity accommodation mechanisms activated
in the contact were quite similar in the two series
of tests.
Keywords: Velocity accommodation
mechanisms; Third body; High temperature;
Friction.
25384
CAVITATION EROSION DAMAGE OF
METALLIC MATERIALS IN ROTATING
DISK TESTING
José Divo Bressan – Udesc
Marcos Antunes Klemz – Udesc
Gil Bazanini – Udesc
Present work examines material surface damage
by cavitation erosion of metals or the wear
phenomenon from water bubbles collapse near
the metallic surface. Material surface damage
by cavitation erosion is due to wear mechanisms
of liquid micro-jets impingement and shock
waves. Experimental cavitation in tap water
was investigated, using the proposed new design
of compact rotating disk equipment. In this device,
a rotating disk with cavitation inducers and
specimens fixed on it ran in tap water to provide
cavitating flow at constant high speed of 47.9
m/s similar to service conditions in pumps and
propellers. Two types of cavitation inducers in
the rotating disk were investigated: throughholes and pins. Carburized cast iron, aluminum,
brass and bronze specimens were tested in this
device. The cavitation damage mechanisms
were observed by scanning electron microscope.
Surface damage in the specimens was measured
by mass loss and plotted in graphs of mass loss
versus running time. After 25 hours testing,
the specimens surface showed pitting formation
and mass loss. All specimens presented surface
damage: pit diameter size was about 100 or 150
to 300 micron. In aluminum specimen, damages
by burned pit formation and plastic deformation
could be seen, however, the mass loss was lower
than the expected, possibly due to alumina film
formation. Present equipment had quite good test
reproducibility when compared with results from
literature.
Keywords: Cavitation testing; Cavitation
erosion; Non-ferrous metals; Scanning electron
microscope.
25774
CAVITATION EROSION RESISTANCE
OF ACTIVE SCREEN-LOW
TEMPERATURE PLASMA NITRIDED
AISI 410 MARTENSITIC STAINLESS
STEEL
Luis Armando Espitia – USP
Hanshan Dong – University of Birmingham
Xiao-Ying Li – University of Birmingham
Carlos Eduardo Pinedo – Heat Tech
André Paulo Tschiptschin – USP
AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel specimens
were low temperature plasma nitrided at 400°C
in a mixture of 75%N2:25%H2, during 20 h.
Active screen technic was used to avoid any edge
effect The nitrided case is composed of expanded
martensite (α’N) and ε-Fe3N iron nitride, whilst
chromium nitride precipitation was avoided.
Surface hardness reached 1275 HV0.01. The
transverse microhardness profile shows a gentle
hardness gradient with a NHT nitrided case depth
of 28 µm. Nanoindentation tests were carried out
in order to assess the hardness (H), the Young
modulus (E), the H/E and H3/E2 ratios and the
elastic recovery (We) of both nitrided and nonnitrided specimens. The cavitation erosion mass
losses were measured as a function of exposure
time. The results showed a decrease of 27 times
of the mass loss compared to the non-nitride
specimens. Wear rate decreased from 2.56 mg/h
for the non-nitrided condition to 0.085 mg/h after
nitriding. The increment in the elastic recovery
and the higher hardness values are responsible for
the greater cavitation erosion resistance exhibited
by the expanded martensite. Such results showed
that low temperature plasma nitriding and the
formation of expanded martensite are effective to
increase cavitation erosion resistance of AISI 410
stainless steel.
Keywords: Martensitic stainless steel; Cavitation
erosion; Active screen plasma nitriding.
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
25623
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE WEAR
OF SPECIMENS LUBRICATED WITH
MINERAL OIL OR BIOFLUIDS
Dyego Monteiro de Souza – UFRN
Antonio Paulino de Araujo Neto – UFRN
Lauralice de Campos Franceschine. Canale – USP
João Telésforo Nobrega de Medeiros – UFRN
This study compares the wear resistance of
specimens lubricated with biofluids or mineral
oil. Tribological studies were performed by
ball-cratering test. In these tests were used as
lubricants epoxidized soybean oil, castor oil and
mineral oil. The specimens used were untreated
and nitrided AISI 4140, while a steel ball AISI
52100 was used as a counterbody. In order to
analyze the results obtained, the worn volume was
calculated and the characterization of the crater,
after the test, was made using optical microscopy
and SEM. Wettability was also measured for
the different surface condition and lubricants.
As expected both specimens showed a smaller
volume worn when lubricated with mineral oil
due to inherent properties of this type of lubricant.
Among the vegetable oils studied, the castor oil
showed a better performance in the lubrication
of the specimens untreated while on the nitrided
specimen have shown less wear when lubricated
with epoxidized soybean oil, indicating a difference
in the efficiency of oils, as lubricants, depending
on the surface conditions of the mechanical
components.
Keywords: Tribology; Wear; Nitrided; Biofluids.
25734
Comparisons of tribological
properties of Ti(C,N)/SiC in water
and seawater
Wei Huang – Nanjing University of Aeronautics &
Astronautics
Qingwen Dai – Nanjing University of Aeronautics &
Astronautics
Lei Liu – Nanjing University of Aeronautics &
Astronautics
Xiaolei Wang – Nanjing University of Aeronautics &
Astronautics
Ti(C,N)-based cermets offer good high temperature
strength, perfect chemical stability, excellent wear
resistance, and relativly better machinability. In
the present work, the tribological behaviors of
Ti(C,N)/SiC sliding pairs lubricated in water
and seawater were evaluated using a ball-on-disk
7
tribometer. The experimental results show that a
relatively low friction coefficient (about 0.025)
can be obtained when lubricated with artificial
seawater at the sliding speed of 200 mm/s, while
the date is about 0.2 in purified water. The wear
surface profiles and the lubricants collected after
running-in process for the high/low friction
conditions were compared. In addition, the effect
of salt molar concentration of the lubricant on the
Ti(C,N)/SiC friction properties was investigated.
It was found that the smooth and flat surface is the
premise to gain the low friction. At the same time,
the proper concentration of silica colloid, which is
affected by the salt ions, is also an essential one.
Moreover, the high sliding speed (200 mm/s) is
beneficial to achieve low friction.
Keywords: Cermets; Friction; Boundary
lubrication; Tribochemistry.
25546
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR FRICTION
DAMPERS: NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT
AND EXPERIEMTAL INVESTIGATIONS
Humberto Tronconi Coelho – UFU
Marcelo Braga dos Santos – UFU
Francisco Paulo Lépore Neto – UFU
The use of friction dampers are wide proposed
for a variety of mechanical systems for which it
is not possible to apply viscoelastic materials,
fluid based dampers or others viscous dampers.
An important example is the application of
friction dampers in aircraft engines to reduce
the blades vibration amplitudes. In most cases,
friction dampers have been studied in a passive
way, however, a significant improvement can
be achieved by controlling the normal force
in the contact region. The aim of this paper
is to study four control strategies for friction
dampers based on three different hysteresis
cycles. The first control strategy maximizes the
energy removal in each harmonic oscillation
cycle, by calculating the optimum normal force
based on the last displacement peak. The second
control strategy combines the first one with the
maximum energy removal strategy used in the
smart spring devices. Finally, is presented the
strategy which homogenously modulates the
friction force. Numerical studies were performed
with these four strategies defining the performance
metrics. The best control strategy was applied
experimentally. The experimental test rig was
fully identified and its parameters were used
8
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
for numerical simulations. The obtained results
have shown the good performance for the friction
damper and selected strategy, also, the agreement
between numerical and experimental results.
25694
Keywords: Friction damper; Hysteresis cycle;
Semi-active control strategies.
Giuseppe Pintaude – UTFPR
Gismar Schilive de Souza – UFPR
Rogério Breganon – UFPR
Silvio Francisco Brunatto – UFPR
25605
DRY AND LUBRICATED WEAR OF RAIL
STEEL UNDER ROLLING CONTACT
FATIGUE
Santiago Maya-Johnson – National University of
Colombia
Juan Felipe Santa – National University of Colombia
Alejandro Toro – National University of Colombia
Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is an issue for
railways. In this work, the dry and lubricated wear
behavior of rail steels under RCF conditions was
studied in laboratory. A twin-disc rolling-sliding
machine was used to reproduce contact conditions
under high contact pressure (1.1 GPa) and high
slippage (5%) in order to simulate the operating
conditions in a curved section of a commercial
railway line. Two different types of tests were
performed (dry and lubricated) to simulate the
fluid pressurization mechanism that causes RCF.
Dry tests were carried out to obtain the wear rate
as a baseline. Lubricated tests were performed
after 4000 dry cycles in order to promote crack’s
formation and fluid pressurization. The tests were
performed using a commercial lubricant and the
effect of the number of cycles on wear rates and
wear mechanisms caused by fluid pressurization
was studied. The results showed an increase of the
wear rate in lubricated tests between 10000 and
20000 cycles. After the initial 4000 dry cycles,
the cracks grow to form flakes by pressurization
caused by the lubricant entering into the original
cracks. After several thousand cycles, the flakes
were detached from the surface causing high wear
rates. In all cases, the main wear mechanism is
fatigue. Delamination (flaking) caused by fluid
assisted crack growing was observed.
Keywords: Rolling contact fatigue; Fluid
pressure; Friction modifiers; Twin-disc.
DRY SLIDING WEAR OF CA-6NM
STAINLESS STEEL WITH RELATIVELY
LOW SURFACE ROUGHNESS
This study aims to evaluate the effect of specimen
preparation on the dry sliding wear behavior of
CA-6 NM stainless steel. Two different surface
finishing manufacturing processes were applied:
lapping and metallographic polishing. The wear
tests were conducted in reciprocating ball-on-flat
system, performed for two loads: 5 or 8 N. For all
test conditions, hardmetal ball was employed as
counterbody. The surfaces were evaluated using
3D interferometry technique to determine their
surface roughness, including texture analysis
regarding isotropy. Surface characterization
results indicated the presence of texturing and
preferential orientation, since the parameter
Str was smaller than 0.5 for samples of both the
studied conditions. Two distinct levels of isotropy
evaluated through Str parameter were achieved:
0.13 for lapping and 0.3 for metallographic
polishing process. It is clear from wear tests that
the variation of average surface roughness is the
key point for tribological behavior of CA-6 NM
stainless steel.
Keywords: Sliding wear; Stainless steel;
Polishing; Lapping.
25420
EFFECT OF LINER TEXTURE ON RING/
LINER TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE
Hugo M. Checo – USP
Mohammed Jai – Institut Nationale des Sciences
Appliquées de Lyon
Gustavo C. Buscaglia – USP
Friction-reducing textures for lubricated
mechanisms have received much attention since
the advent of microtexturing techniques. In this
work we consider the piston ring/liner contact,
numerically simulating the rings as they slide
against a textured liner. This situation has not
been sufficiently analyzed because its numerical
complexity is much greater than that of texturing
the rings. Further, we consider the actual typical
geometries of oil-control, wiper and compression
rings, under realistic loads and velocities. The
results show the possibility of friction reduction
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
when the texture on the liner is properly designed,
identifying starvation alleviation as a crucial
intervening mechanism.
Keywords: Laser texture; Cylinder liner;
Piston ring; Mass-conservative model; Friction;
Fourstroke cycle.
25405
Effect Of Silica Concentracion
On Wear And Friction Of Silicon
Nitride Sliding Against Alumina
In Water
Roberto Pereira de Oliveira – USP
Eliel dos Santos – USP
Amilton Sinatora – USP
A comparison of the effects in the concentration
of colloidal silica on the water lubricants in the
sliding wear of ceramic couples was conducted.
Particular attention was paid to the running-in
and steady state periods. The objective of this tests
were verify if the change of the concentration of
colloidal silica in the water, decreases the runningin, time required for the system reach the steady
state of friction coefficient, and quantify the
wear and the friction coefficient on this couple.
Tribological tests were performed using a ballon-disc setup, Si3N4 balls and Al2O3 discs were
used, with a temperature of (22 ± 2) °C, a sliding
speed of (1.00 ± 0.03) m/s and a load of (54.25 ±
0.17) N. The values of concentration of colloidal
silica used in the tests were 0,014 g/L, 0,028g/L,
0,056 g/L e 0,112g/L and the pH value used in the
tests was 8,5. The water used in the experiments
was distilled and deionized and a commercial
amorphous silica, without porosity and average
particle size of 12 nanometers. The wear of the
disc remained below that obtained on the ball in
all of the tests. In hydrossol the friction coefficient
reached units of thousandths up to a concentration
of 0.028 g/L, after this value was an increase in the
coefficient of friction, indicating an ideal amount
of colloidal silica. Furthermore greatly increases in
the concentration of colloidal silica also increases
the wear on the surfaces. No change was observed
in relation to the running-in time.
Keywords: Sliding wear; Ceramics;
Tribochemistry; Lubrication; Water.
9
25314
EFFECT OF SIZE NODULE GRAPHITE
ON THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF ADI: A
FINITE ELEMENT STUDY
Luiz Henrique Accorsi Gans – UTFPR
Jairo Alberto Blanco Martinez – UTFPR
Fábio Koda – UTFPR
Wilson Luiz Guesser – UDESC
Carlos Henrique da Silva – UTFPR
First, this works carries an experimental
evaluation for austempered ductile iron (ADI)
as a gear material. And second, in order to provide
a better understanding of the microstructural
effect on the stress state of subsurface regions, a
finite element method approach was considered
using the submodeling tool in ANSYS 11.0. For
this, ADI gears were produced from continuous
cast iron bars, heat and thermochemical treated
and tested in FZG test rig. The results were
compared to those of carburized steel AISI 8620
and induction hardened steel AISI 4140 gears.
The wear experiments were performed at the
temperature of 90ºC with two torque stages: 135
N.m (running-in) and 302 N.m (steady-state).
The time for pitting and spalling on the gears
surfaces were measured using image analysis.
The results showed a very good potential of using
ADI for manufacturing gears, replacing induction
hardened steels. Also, the ADI gear with smaller
nodules showed higher life for pitting. In contact
fatigue tests with severe load, the carburized
AISI 8620 steel proved more adequate than
the austempered ductile iron, showing that the
mechanical properties are critical in the resistance
to damage in gear contact. The austempered ductile
iron with smaller nodule size showed to be very
competitive with wear resistance similar to AISI
4140 steel induction hardened. With ANSYS, it
was verified that the nodule size affects the gears
life independently of the mechanical properties of
the matrix. The results showed that the nodules
indicate the presence of a concentration stress, but
their size doesn’t affect the contact fatigue life as
much as the total amount of nodules, regardless
of the ductile iron microstructure. The size and
number of nodules affects both the nucleation
and the propagation stage of cracks. ADIs with
higher amount of nodules have a greater wear
resistance. Also, compared to the Hertz contact
theory (isotropic material), the presence of graphite
10
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
nodules indicates a non-isotropic material and
made the maximum shear stress point moves
toward the surface.
Keywords: Fatigue contact; Austempered ductile
iron; Gear; Finite element analysis.
25733
Effect of temperature and
atmosphere on the tribological
behaviour of high tribological
performance PEEK (Polyether
ether ketone) composite
Felipe Darabas Rzatki – UFSC
Diego Vinicius Dalevedo Barboza – UFSC
Renan Muller Schroeder – R&D solutions
Guilherme Mariz de Oliveira Barra – UFSC
Cristiano Binder – UFSC
Aloisio Nelmo Klein – UFSC
José Daniel Biasoli de Mello – UFSC
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a high
performance thermoplastic often selected for
high temperature tribological applications
under chemically aggressive environments. The
present work evaluate the tribological behavior
of a high performance PEEK composite under
ambient and high temperature (30 and 80°C,
respectively). The atmosphere was also varied
(air or tetrafluorethane). An AMTI tribometer
equipped with a hermetic chamber and a heating
system was used to carry out sliding tests of PEEK
cylinders on 304 stainless steel polished discs
(Sq < 10 nm) with reciprocating movement and
175 N normal force. Surfaces roughness analyses
were performed with a white light interferometer.
As expected, there was a strong influence of
temperature on the tribological behavior of the
samples tested in ambient atmosphere (25%
decrease in friction coefficient associated with a
100% increase in wear rate). On the other hand,
samples tested in tetrafluorethane atmosphere
showed no significant friction temperature
dependence.
Keywords: Solid lubricant; Thermoplastics;
Environment; Temperature.
25279
EFFECT OF THE PRESENCE OF THE
LIFTING POCKET ON THE THD
PERFORMANCE OF A LARGE TILTINGPAD THRUST BEARING
Michel Fillon – Institut Pprime
Michał Wodtke – Gdansk University of Technology
Michał Wasilczuk – Gdansk University of Technology
Hydrostatic assistance is a commonly used method
to improve limited load carrying ability of tiltingpad thrust bearings during transient states of
operation of the vertical shaft hydro-generators.
Despite of special hydraulic equipment (as pumps,
valves etc.), it also requires manufacturing of
special recesses/pockets at the pad sliding surfaces,
into which oil is injected under high pressure.
It allows to lift the rotor before start-up of the
machine and form a hydrostatic film between
the pads and the collar. There is a quite wide
variety of geometry of recesses (shape, depth, size)
met in practical large bearing applications. The
presence of a hydrostatic pocket (usually located
in the sliding surface above the pivot area, where
thin film, high oil pressure and temperature are
observed) affects bearing performance under
hydrodynamic operation. In theoretical researches,
there is an almost common practice not to include
hydrostatic recess in THD or TEHD analysis. This
is probably due to the problems with obtaining
solution for oil film geometry with pocket, with
pocket depths order of magnitude larger than gap
thickness. In this paper, an attempt was taken
to study the effect of the lifting pocket on THD
performance of a large tilting-pad thrust bearing
of Itaipu power plant. Bearing performance was
evaluated including recess shape for several cases
of its depth. The results show, that hydrostatic
recess changes calculated bearing properties
quite significantly, especially in the vicinity of
the pocket.
Keywords: Lifting pocket; Tilting-pad thrust
bearing; THD regime; Numerical simulations.
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
25660
EFFECTS OF ETHANOL ON FILM
THICKNESS AND FRICTION OF
GROUP ONE ENGINE OILS
Henara Lillian Costa – Universidade Federal de
Uberlândia
Hugh Spikes – Imperial College London
This paper aims to investigate the effects of a
possible incorporation of ethanol to the lubricant
during engine use on friction and lubricant
film thickness, by adding small amounts of
ethanol to Group I base (with and without an
organic friction modifier) and to formulated oils.
Film thickness was measured using ultrathin
film interferometry. Friction tests were carried
out using a mini-traction machine to obtain
Stribeck curves. The film thickness measurements
showed that in the region of low speeds, where the
elastohydrodynamic film is very thin and therefore
boundary lubrication may prevail, the addition
of ethanol produced some boundary film, which
was not present for the base oils. For the base oil
with an organic friction modifier, the presence of
ethanol increased the thickness of the low friction
boundary film. For the formulated oil, the addition
of ethanol reduced film thickness in all lubrication
regimes. The friction tests showed some friction
reduction due to addition of ethanol to the base
oil, in particular at low speeds. For the formulated
oil, the addition of ethanol reduced friction at high
speeds, which was associated to a reduction in the
viscosity of the lubricant, but at low speeds, the
presence of ethanol reduced the formation of a
boundary layer, increasing friction. For the base
oil containing an organic friction modifier, the
presence of ethanol increased the range of speeds
for which low boundary friction occurred.
Keywords: Ethanol; Lubricant; Engine oil; Film
thickness; Stribeck curves.
25671
Evaluation of Bearing, Gears
and Gearboxes Performance
with Different Wind Turbine
Gear Oils
Ramiro Carneiro Martins – Universidade do Porto
Carlos M.C.G. Fernandes – Universidade do Porto
Jorge H. O. Seabra – Universidade do Porto
The oil viscosity specification for wind turbine
gear oils is ISO VG 320, although there are quite
different viscosity indexes oils for that viscosity
11
specification. This work evaluates the behaviour
of different base oil formulations, since PAO,
Mineral, Ester and PAG that withstand quite
different viscosity indexes. The oils evaluation was
done in rolling bearing tests and gear tests. Their
behaviour was compared for operating conditions
in the range observable in a wind turbine gearbox.
The experimental results showed considerable
differences between the different oils and it was
observed that depending on the contact type the
relative behaviour of the lubricants would change,
i.e. the best lubricant for the rolling bearing would
not imply the best result on the gear tests. The
gear geometry is also very important toward the
transmission efficiency, once using a low loss
gear concept a decrease of up to 25% in torque
loss could be achieved. Numerical models were
implemented with the purpose of performing a
better simulation of the mechanical system and
also to obtain the friction coefficient promoted by
the tested oils.
Keywords: Gears; Rolling bearings; Friction
coefficient; Lubricants; Efficiency.
25679
EVALUATION OF TRIBOELECTRICITY
IN DIAMOND-LIKE COATINGS
CONTAINING SILVER
NANOPARTICLES USING AFM AND
KPFM
Lucia Vieira – ITA
Homero Santiago Maciel – ITA
Rodrigo Savio Pessoa – ITA
Thaisa Baesso Santos – UNIVAP
Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) can be used
to monitor electrostatic charges on the surfaces
of materials. In this paper, we describe the use of
KPFM to evaluate the electrostatic effect induced
by silver nanoparticles incorporated as clusters
in diamond-like carbon (DLC) films, before and
after scratching. The results are compared to
those obtained for DLC films without silver
nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy was used to
identify the DLC signature, and energy dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to confirm the
presence of silver in the film. The morphology of
the DLC film containing silver was investigated
using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The
findings suggest that the incorporation of silver
12
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
nanoparticles in amorphous materials could offer
new options for electrostatic energy storage on the
surfaces of these materials.
Keywords: Triboelectricity; Diamond-like
carbon; Kelvin probe force microscopy;
Nanoscale scratching.
25771
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE
METHOD AIR SCOURING USED IN
FLUSHING SYSTEMS FOR CLEANING
PIPES
Vitor Orlando Ferreira – Faculdade SATC
Richard de Medeiros Castro – Faculdade SATC
Elvys Isaias Mercado Curyi – Faculdade SATC
João da Silva Júnior – Faculdade SATC
The efficiency of an apparatus which uses a forced
lubrication system, as well as the useful life of its
components, is strongly related to the degree of
contamination of lubricating oil. The presence
of contaminants and the degradation of the oil
itself cause it to release substances that fouling
of the wall of the pipes. The cleaning and dialysis
of the oil pipes, besides prolonging the life of the
lubricant reduces wear of the components. There
are several methods of cleaning in pipes, the
problem is that some have abrasive characteristics,
which could damage some types pipes. Among
the non-abrasive methods stand the Flushing
and Air scouring. Flushing uses the lubricating
oil which circulates in temperatures alternating
and high speeds, for generating turbulence to
perform washing. The Air scouring method uses
oil and filtered compressed air, injected into pipe,
to generating higher flow, causing the power
supply unit with fluid can work with lower power
consumption and higher speeds, removing fouling
of the pipe. The objective of this research is to
evaluate the Reynolds number to correlate with the
efficiency of cleaning the pipe. The method applied
was the Air scouring and it was verified that the
qualitative effects may occur when compared to
Flushing. After testing, it was found that the
chosen method brings significant changes in flow,
and this flow regime varies considerably increasing
the Reynolds number.
Keywords: Contamination; Cleaning; Flushing;
Air scouring.
25758
FRICTION BEHAVIOUR AND THE
STRIBECK CURVE IN RECIPROCATING
CYCLES
Eduardo Dominguez Trindade – Petrobras S.A.
Amilton Sinatora – USP
Lubricant oils are subjected to reciprocating
movement in the piston ring/cylinder tribocouple
of automotive engines. In this kind of movement,
the relative speed oscillates between zero and a
maximum, and therefore the lubrication regime
goes from boundary to hydrodynamic. Tribotests
are widely used in laboratories to hint at the
friction developed in these systems. In the present
work, a SRV tribometer was used to evaluate
the friction behaviour of lubricant oils under
reciprocating movement up to 60 Hz. A high
acquisition rate allowed the analysis of data inside
each reciprocating cycle. Both a pure base oil and a
fully formulated lubricant were used. Changes in
the contact pressure, viscosity and speed were seen
to influence friction, which was correlated to the
relative thickness predicted by Hamrock-Dowson
equation. While some observed characteristics were
typical consequences of the Stribeck curve, other
effects were also observed, such as the occurrence
of seizure at high reciprocating frequency. A lower
boundary coefficient of friction due to additive
package in the formulated oil was also observed.
The results allow a better understanding of friction
in reciprocating cycles and can be used to evaluate
the performance of oils and surfaces in laboratory
prior to engine testing.
Keywords: Friction; Lubricant; Tribometer; SRV;
Stribeck.
25745
GENESIS AND STABILITY
OF TRIBOLAYERS IN SOLID
LUBRICATION: CASE OF PAIR DLCSTAINLESS STEEL
Diego Berti Salvaro – UFSC
Márcio Silvério – Embraco
Cristiano Binder – UFSC
Roberto Binder – Embraco
Renan Schoreder – Embraco
Deise Rebelo Consoni – UFSC
Aloisio Nelmo Klein – UFSC
José Daniel Biasoli de Mello – UFSC
The morphology, dimensions and chemical
composition of tribolayers strongly depend on the
pressures and temperatures acting on the contact.
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
They are formed by reactions between the surfaces
in contact with each other as well as with the
atmosphere, lubricants and possible contaminants.
In this paper the influence of test time (180,
500, 1000 and 2500 h) into the formation and
characteristics of tribolayers in pairs DLCstainless steel tested under refrigerant gas R134a
atmosphere without presence of lubricating oil
was analyzed. The characterization was performed
using scanning electron microscopy, energy
dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) (morphology
and chemical composition) and white light
interferometry (dimensions). The tribolayers
thicknesses ranged from 100 to 500 nm and
they were composed by elements originated from
mutual transfers between the tribological pairs
as well as oxides, being more pronounced on the
stainless steel surface. The results show that the
tribolayers are chemically stable (maintained the
same composition over time) and the thickness
remained stable after a thousand hours of testing.
Keywords: Tribology; Tribolayer; Diamond-like
carbon (DLC).
25526
Global impact of friction on
energy use in transportation
and industry
Kenneth Holmnerg – VTT Technical Research Centre
of Finland
Ali Erdemir – Argonne National Laboratory
About 100 million terajoule is used annually
worldwide to overcome friction and that is one
fifth of all energy produced. The largest quantities
of energy are used by industry (29%) and in
transportation (27%). Based on our recent studies
on energy use in passenger cars, trucks and buses,
we concluded that it is possible to save as much as
17.5% of the energy use in road transports in the
short term (5-9 years) by effective implementation
of new tribological solutions. This equals to annual
energy savings of 11.6 exajoules, fuel savings of
330 billion liters and reduction in CO2 emission
by 860 million tonnes. In a paper mill, 15%-25%
of the energy used is spent to overcome friction.
The electrical energy used by a paper machine is
distributed as 32% to overcome friction, 36% for
the paper production and mass transportation, and
32% is other losses. In paper machines, 11% of
the total energy used to overcome friction can be
saved by the implementation of new tribological
technologies. This would result in electrical energy
13
savings worldwide of 130,000 terajoule, economic
cost savings of 2 billion euros and CO2 emission
reduction of 11 million tonnes annually. An
overview of the total energy saving potential by
improved tribology in transportation and industry
is presented.
Keywords: Friction; Energy; Lubrication;
Transportation.
25571
Grease Lubrication of Gears
Johann-Paul Stemplinger – Technische Universitaet
Muenchen
Karsten Stahl – Technische Universitaet Muenchen
For lubrication of open gear drives applied in
rotary furnaces, often gear greases are used as
well as for lubrication of gear boxes in difficult
sealing conditions. The selection of the gear
grease influences strongly the wear behavior.
Investigations with flow greases NLGI 00 were
made in a back-to-back test rig determining the
weight loss due to wear acc. to the standardised
procedure ISO 14635 part 3. Different influences
like base oil viscosity, thickener type and additional
solid lubricant type were analysed. Only the type
and amount of solid lubricant shows a significant
influence on the weight loss due to wear. Finally,
a linear wear coefficient clT according to the
calculation method of the wear amount according
to Plewe is derived and can be used to transfer the
test results to any gears in practice.
Keywords: Gears; Lubricant; Grease; Wear.
25372
High performance lubricant
from modified vegetable oil
Salete Martins Alves – UFRN
Marinalva Ferreira Trajano – UFRN
Erinéia da Silva Santos – UFRN
The future lubricants must be more
environmentally adapted, with a higher level
of performance lower total life cycle, cost than
currently used lubricants. Environmental friendly,
the biodegradable alternatives are available for
a large variety of mineral oil based lubricants.
Vegetable oils are the major source of these
base fluids, although they have lower thermal
and oxidation stability and even worse lowtemperature behavior than mineral oil. These
physical and chemical properties can be improved
14
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
by chemical modification. The aim of this study
was to evaluate physicochemical properties and
film formation from modified vegetable oils.
The vegetable oil was chemically modified by
epoxidation reaction with acetic and formic acid
using sunflower oils. Viscosity, iodine value,
density, acidity value and thermal stability were
determined for epoxidized oils. The film formation
was analyzed using a HFRR tribometer. The
results showed that epoxidized vegetable oils
had excellent properties to be used as lubricant,
and their tribological performance is higher than
mineral oil.
Keywords: Epoxidation reaction; Biolubricant;
Tribological performance.
25466
HIgh temperature/velocity
erosion OF thermal barrier
coatings: field diagnosIS and
laboratory testing approach
Augusto César Barrios Tamayo – National University
of Colombia
Luis Emilio Tobón Botero – National University of
Colombia
Pablo Andrés Gómez Florez – EPM
Alejandro Toro – National University of Colombia
The high temperature erosion of Thermal Barrier
Coatings (TBCs) is one of the main factors that
define the lifespan in gas turbine components as
it is considered the second source of failure of hot
path components in power and propulsion turbine
operation. The worn Top Coat (TC) surface in
components such as first stage turbine blades
affects the turbine efficiency due to energy losses
and the increment in heat transfer to substrate.
The first part of this work consists in describing a
HTE test facility developed to emulate the damage
conditions found in a number of components of gas
turbines; in this testing machine, the samples were
exposed to combustion gases moving at velocities
close to 1.5 Mach and temperatures of 1100°C.
The second part consists in the characterization
of liners and first stage turbine blades of a GE7FA
gas turbine used for power generation. The last
part deal whit correlation of the features of TC’s
worn surfaces with the erosion conditions and the
dominant degradation mechanisms between test
samples and turbine components were compared.
Keywords: TBC; High temperature erosion;
Turbine blade; Erosion testing facility; Turbine
inspection; TMF; CTE.
25778
Influence of normal load and
counterface roughness on
micro-abrasion/corrosion of
AISI 304 in 1N H2SO4 environment
Wilian da Silva Labiapari – Aperam South America
Miguel Angel Narvaez Ardila – UFU
Marcelo Braga dos Santos – UFU
José Daniel Biasoli de Mello – UFU
Austenitic stainless steels are widely known
for their good weldability, excellent mechanical
properties for deep drawing and superior corrosion
resistance in environments where most of the
metals fail. Their uses include many applications
subjected to a combination of mechanical and
corrosive wear, such as pumps, valves and
surgical implants. Although their corrosion
resistance has been largely investigated, their
resistance to mechanical wear is less studied. In
particular, their performance under conditions
involving combined corrosive and mechanical
wear is not well understood. The aim of this study
is to demonstrate the effect of the mechanical
component on the electrochemical signal of an
anodic polarization curve. A test rig was developed
to investigate micro-abrasion-corrosion using
a fixed ball configuration. Tests were carried
out using stainless steel AISI 304 samples and
25.4 mm zirconia balls as counter bodies. The
electrolyte was a 1N H2SO4 solution with SiO2
as abrasive dispersed at the concentration of 10
wt%. The results showed an increase in current
density when the counter face roughness and
the normal load applied during the tests are
increased, evidencing a mechanical influence on
the surface activity of this material in a corrosive
environment.
Keywords: Abrasion-corrosion; Mechanical
influence; AISI 304.
25473
INFLUENCE OF POLYMER SHEAR
THINNING ON FRICTION IN
HYDRODYNAMIC CONTACTS
Nigel Marx – Imperial College London
R. Ian Taylor – Shell Global Solutions
Hugh Spikes – Imperial College London
In order to understand (and ultimately to
predict) the friction reduction resulting from
the use of polymer solutions, the rheological
properties of model polymer solutions have been
measured over a wide range of shear rates. Both
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
temporary and permanent shear thinning have
been observed. By using base fluids of different
viscosities it has been shown that permanent
shear thinning depends more closely on the
shear stress experienced by the fluid than on
the strain rate. Hydrodynamic measurements
have been made on the polymer solutions using
a compliant ball on flat lubricated contact that
operates in isoviscous-elastic conditions. The
measured friction values can only be predicted
with reasonable accuracy if the measured shear
thinning properties of the lubricant are taken into
account in the hydrodynamic model.
Keywords: Viscosity modifier; Shear thinning;
Hydrodynamic friction; Permanent viscosity loss.
25455
INVESTIGATION OF FRICTIONAL
BEHAVIOR OF O-RING ROLLER
Dae-Eun Kim – Yonsei University
Do-Hyeong Kim – Yonsei University
The friction and wear properties of machine
elements used in manufacturing processes affect
the efficiency as well as cost in mass production.
For example, many of the processes rely on
the frictional interaction between the tool and
the workpiece. An important application of
such frictional interaction can be found in the
workpiece transport system of an assembly line.
In this work, the frictional behavior of an o-ring
roller in contact against a glass workpiece was
investigated. The frictional behavior of an o-ring
is especially important for efficient transport of
a glass workpiece in an assembly line. Pin-onreciprocating type of a tribotester was used to
assess the frictional behavior between a rubber
o-ring and a glass substrate. The o-ring was used
as the pin material. It was found that the frictional
behavior was dependent on the speed as well as
humidity. Analyses of the wear scar on the o-ring
specimen also revealed that wear amount varied
with respect to speed. The results of this work
are expected to aid in optimization of the contact
condition between the roller and the workpiece in
a production assembly line.
Keywords: Friction; Glass; O-ring; Wear.
15
25488
Itaipu Binacional hydro power
plant thrust bearing design
optimization for higher
efficiency
Piotr Pajaczkowski – Alstom Renewable
Michel Spiridon – Alstom Renewable
Andreas Schubert – Alstom Renewable
Geraldo Carvalho Brito Júnior – Itaipu Binacional
João Maria Marra – Itaipu Binacional
Hydro generators installed in Itaipu Binacional
power plant with 824/737 MVA rated output
power (50/60 Hz) belong to the largest ones
in the world. Among many unique features
the generators are equipped with the largest
hydrodynamic thrust bearings ever built
(external diameter 5200 mm, axial load equals
approximately 3600 t). This paper is an attempt to
propose a new thrust bearing design with the use
of the state-of-the-art technologies and simulation
techniques that demonstrate a reduction of friction
power losses generated by the thrust bearing.
This paper is divided into two parts. Within the
first one the original thrust bearing design which
was implemented in the generators is described.
Related calculation results based on a thermoelasto-hydrodynamic (TEHD) calculation software
used by Alstom will be presented. A comparison
between measurement results gathered in the
1980’s is given. In the second part a potential
solution of a more beneficial bearing design is
described. The proposed thrust bearing design
modification is an implementation of Alstom’s
PolypadTM coating. This modern polymer (PEEK)
coating material has already been used by Alstom
in projects around the world for many years. This
coating allows pushing the operating parameters
limits toward higher temperatures and lower oil
film thicknesses far beyond the limits known for
the conventional bearing materials.
Keywords: Hydrodynamic thrust bearings;
Simulations; Measurements.
16
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
25360
25737
Kinetic friction modeling
and standard uncertainty
measurement determination
for sliding bearing on shaft
apparatus
LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF A
HETEROGENEOUS SURFACE BEARING
João Luiz do Vale – UTFPR
Carlos Henrique da Silva – UTFPR
It has been shown before that liquids can slip at
a solid boundary, which prompted the idea that
parallel-surface bearings can be obtained by the
use of alternating slip and non-slip regions in
the direction of fluid flow. The amount of slip at
the wall depends upon the surface tension at the
liquid – solid interface, which in turn depends on
the chemical composition of the surface and its
roughness. In the present study a heterogeneous
surface was created by coating half of a circular
glass disc with a coating repellent to glycerol.
A rotating glass disc was placed at a known
distance above the coated stationary surface and
the gap was filled with glycerol. With the top
surface moving in the direction of slip to non-slip
region, a pressure build up can be theoretically
predicted. The pressure gradient in the two
regions is constant, similar to that in a Rayleigh
step bearing, with the maximum pressure at the
boundary. In order to accurately measure the force
generated by the pressure increase, a load cell was
attached to the heterogeneous disc. Experiments
were conducted by varying both sliding speed and
distance, and the resultant load carrying capacity
was measured and compared with theoretical
calculations. This allowed the slip coefficient of
the coated surface to be evaluated.
In standard wear tests, such as pin on disk
(ASTM-G99) or block on ring (ASTM-G77),
the apparatus simulates conditions that are often
different from a machine element real application.
Therefore, for an accurate investigation of a
tribological application, it is essential to test
the real condition in which there are similarities
as: geometry, contact details, force application
mode, materials, among others. It emphasizes
that for studies involving polymeric materials it
becomes extremely relevant. Thus, the Laboratory
of Surfaces and Contact (LASC) at UTFPR
developed an apparatus for sliding bearing on shaft
test. In that equipment, loads are applied by a deadweight system and the frictional force is measured
on a load cell. The apparatus operating ranges for
load added to the dead weight system and rotation
shaft are from 0.2 to 5.0 kgf and from 260 to 3500
rpm, respectively. This paper presents a detailed
evaluation of such apparatus, which includes freebody diagrams analysis and a deduction to obtain
an equation for the kinetic friction coefficient.
Also, the standard measurement uncertainties of
a caliper, an electronic scale, and a cell load were
determined. It was verified that the kinetic friction
coefficient equation is dependent on the apparatus
geometry, the applied load, and the frictional
force value. Additionally, through the statistical
significance analysis it was concluded that some
terms in the equation were not significant. Finally,
through the application of the error propagation
theory in the kinetic friction coefficient equation,
the standard measurement uncertainty of the
apparatus which showed a value nearby 0.002
along the operating range of the apparatus was
obtained.
Keywords: Sliding bearing; Standard
uncertainty; Tribological test; Error propagation;
PTFE.
Evan Thomas – University of Sussex
Mircea D. Pascovici – “Politehnica” University
Romeo P. Glovnea – University of Sussex
Keywords: Bearing; Slip; Heterogeneous; Load.
25692
MASTER PLAN OF LUBRIFICATION:
HOW TO IMPLEMENT AN EFFICIENT
LUBRICATION PLAN IN THE MINING
SECTOR
Angelo dos Reis Magalhães – Anglo American
Adilson Leite Araujo – Anglo American
Baltazar Agenor Bailona – Anglo American
Pedro Henrique Cardoso Furtado – Anglo American
Hugo Leonardo Freitas – Anglo American
Marcos Alexsandro Reis – Anglo American
Brazilian companies have adopted in recent
years new management practices to remain
competitive. Specialized consulting in asset
management progressively creates or adapts
new techniques in order to increase availability
and reduce manufacturing costs, maximizing
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
profits. New engineering concepts were acquired
and implemented by executives in all business
segments. Techniques, such as FMEA, RCM,
LCC, Pas 55, Reliability studies by Monte
Carlo simulations, among others, have become
increasingly recognized as important tools to
enhance managerial performance. Besides these
techniques, this study suggests the importance of
adequate structuring of a lubrication program, as
a critical success factor for the reliability of any
asset. Through a case study developed with a
company in the mining sector, this work proposes
the development of a master plan for lubrication
based on three pillars: People, Equipment and
Management system. Practices and care with
lubricants, hydraulic fluids and coolant, until its
point of application, shall be evaluated to ensure
a correct contamination control and a high level
of assets availability. This discussion sheds light
onto other benefits of this process, including
occupational health and safety; ergonomics;
environment and sustainability.
Keywords: Master plan of lubrication; Asset
management; Reliability and availability;
Contamination control.
25757
MECHANICAL STRENGTH IN TWO
FERROUS ALLOYS
Diogo Tenório dos Santos – Centro Universitário da
FEI
Júlio César Dutra – University of Guarulhos
Nivaldo Lemos Coppini – Unicamp
This property has been studied to characterize
the strength a metallic material exhibits when it
is machined so it can be regarded as its typical
behaviour. As such, it may even be considered
as an intrinsic material property. It is usually
measured by an index called Coppini index, which
is expressed by the ratio between the removed mass
of a cutting tool caused by wear when it is used for
machining and its initial one for a certain set of
machining parameters. In this investigation, the
tests were therefore conducted by an established
set of parameters, namely feed rate, cutting and
depth rates, in which the same wear mechanism
took place in both ferrous alloys: AISI 4140 and
AISI 316 steels. They were chosen based upon
their increasing ordinary machinability indexes.
The initial and final mass of the cutting tool were
measured by an analytical scale with 0.01 mg
precision. Cylindrical rods of 50-mm diameter
17
were machined and the CI indexes showed a
remarkable difference between them: 0.080 for the
first steel and 0.049 for the second one, i.e., AISI
316 steel presented better machinability than the
first one. It was then possible to conclude that
this method presents good results in terms of both
reproducibility and adequacy for machine shop
conditions and it may be applied in a foreseeable
future, mainly for metallic materials that have
rather low machinability indices.
Keywords: Machinability; Wear; Ferrous alloys,
Machine tool.
24968
MICRO-ABRASIVE WEAR BEHAVIOUR
OF AN IRON ALUMINIDE ALLOY
UNDER CONDITIONS OF ROOM AND
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
Ronaldo Câmara Cozza – USP
Lucas Cremonese Rodrigues – Centro Universitário da
FEI
Cláudio Geraldo Schön – USP
The aim of this work is to study the micro-abrasive
wear behaviour of an iron aluminide alloy, seeking
correlations between wear volume, coefficient
of friction and temperature in ball-cratering
wear testing. The experiments were conducted
with specimens of iron aluminide alloy, a ball of
AISI 52100 steel and abrasive slurry prepared
with black silicon carbide (SiC) particles and
glycerin. Different test conditions were defined,
and during the experiments, the abrasive slurry
was continuously agitated and fed between the
specimen and the ball. The tangential (T) and
normal (N) forces were monitored simultaneously
throughout the tests, and the coefficient of friction
(µ) acting in the tribological system “ball –
abrasive particles – specimen” was calculated
using the equation µ = T/N. The results indicated
that i) the temperature played an important role
on the wear volume and coefficient of friction,
ii) with increasing temperature, decreases in
the wear volume and coefficient of friction were
observed, and iii) the abrasive wear mode in all
wear craters was rolling abrasion, independent
of the temperature.
Keywords: Iron aluminide alloy; Ball-cratering
wear testing; Rolling abrasion; Wear volume;
Coefficient of friction.
18
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
25398
25294
MICRO-ABRASIVE WEAR TEST
OF LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA
NITRIDED AISI 420 STEEL: EFFECTS
OF PREVIOUS HEAT TREATMENT ON
WEAR BEHAVIOUR
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
OF CoCrMoSi ALLOY COATINGS BY
PLASMA TRANSFERRED ARC (PTA)
WELD SURFACING
Renan Akio Fraga – UFPR
Cristiano José Scheuer – UFSM
Rodrigo Perito Cardoso – UFPR
Silvio Francisco Brunatto – UFPR
Experiments were carried out aiming to study
the influence of previous heat treatment on the
micro-abrasive wear resistance of low-temperature
nitrided AISI 420 steel. Annealed, tempered
and as-quenched samples were nitrided at 300,
350, 400, 450 and 500°C, for 6 h using a gas
mixture containing 70% N2+20% H2+10 %Ar.
The pressure and applied voltage were 400 Pa
and 600 V. Micro-abrasive tests were conducted
with a 25.4 mm steel sphere, using an abrasive
suspension of alumina with particle size of 1 m.
The contact force, abrasive flow and shaft rotation
speed were: 0.1 N, 0.5 drop/s, and 150 rpm. The
wear analyses were performed for test times of:
30, 60, 120, 480 and 960 s. The results show that
for as-quenched, tempered and annealed samples
the wear coefficient decrease with increasing
temperature in the 300 to 450°C range, and
increase from 450 to 500°C. Similarly, results
also show that the material bulk wear coefficient
increase with increasing treatment temperature.
For all previous heat treatment the lowest wear
coefficient was observed to the samples treated at
450°C, being always smaller for the as-quenched
samples and larger for annealed samples. Finally,
the microscopy analysis of the worn craters
indicates the occurrence of rolling abrasion wear
mechanisms.
Keywords: Ball-cratering test; Micro-abrasive
wear resistance; Rolling abrasion wear; Lowtemperature plasma nitriding; Martensitic
stainless steel.
Rafael Guetter Bohatch – UFPR
Adriano Scheid – UFPR
Cobalt-based alloys are used to protect components
which operate under aggressive conditions as
wear, corrosion and high temperature. Once the
alloy system CoCrMoSi presents brittle Laves
phase in the microstructure and its welding
procedures with high solidification cooling rate,
becomes this process a challenge. The aim of this
research is to understand the processing effect
on the microstructure and properties of such
coatings. The CoCrMoSi alloy Tribaloy T400
was processed by PTA on AISI 316L stainless
steel substrate utilizing three different deposition
current: 120, 150 and 180 A. Coatings were
evaluated by track geometry and dilution. They
also were characterized by optical and scanning
electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis,
Vickers hardness and wear tests. Coatings showed
eutectic lamellar microstructure with Laves phase
and cobalt solid solution for 120 A processing. For
150 and 180 A, microstructure was composed by
hypoeutectic dendrites of cobalt solid solution and
interdendrictic eutectic lamellar with Laves phase
and cobalt solid solution. The dilution increased
linearly with deposition current from 18% and
38% inducing hardness decrease from 702 to
526 HV0,5. Mass loss rate coefficient increased
up to 41,7%, as a consequence of dilution to the
substrate.
Keywords: Plasma transferred arc; CoCrMoSi
alloy; Microstructure; Properties.
25234
Modelling the dynamic
behaviour of large hydro
generating units guide
bearings
Geraldo Carvalho Brito Junior – Itaipu Binacional
Anselmo Chaves Neto – UFPR
Roberto Dalledone Machado – UFPR
This paper describes part of a research involving
tribology, structure dynamics and time series
analysis applied on the assessment of large hydro
generating units’ condition based on vibrations
and temperatures monitoring. The research focuses
on the guide bearings dynamic analysis, especially
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
on the bearing oil film dynamic coefficients, which
have significant influence on rotating machinery
vibratory behavior. This type of analysis was
extensively applied to horizontal rotating
machines in the past. However, still is necessary
to review important aspects for vertical machines
like large hydro generating units. This paper is
based on vibration and temperature data collected
during on the commissioning tests of Itaipu Power
Plant hydro generating units, on numerical
simulations and finally on special tests applied in
the generators’ guide bearings of the mentioned
units. The results obtained so far indicate that
several aspects that are usually disregarded in the
determination of the bearing dynamic coefficients,
like the effects of the axial hydraulic load or the
seasonal variations of cooling water temperature,
have more influence in the bearing dynamics than
the type of model (thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic or
thermo-hydrodynamic or hydrodynamic model)
used to represent it..
Keywords: Hydrodynamic bearings; Dynamic
coefficients; Hydro units; Structural health
monitoring.
25484
NIOBIUM CARBIDE (NbC) AS WEAR
RESISTANT HARDMETAL IN OPENED
AND CLOSED TRIBOSYSTEMS
Mathias Woydt – BAM Federal Institute for Materials
Research and Testing
Hardy Mohrbacher – Niobelcon BVBA
The tribological and mechanical properties of
binderless and metal-bonded niobium carbides
(8 or 12 vol.-% of Cobalt, 12 vol.-% of Fe3Al)
are presented. Rotating disks made of niobium
carbide bearing hard metals were mated against
alumina (99.7%) under unlubricated (dry)
unidirectional sliding tests (0,1 m/s to 12,0
m/s; 22°C and 400°C) as well as in oscillation
tests (f= 20 Hz, ∆x= 0,2 mm, 2/50/98% rel.
humidity, n= 105/106 cycles). Microstructure
and phase compositions were determined as well.
The tribological data obtained were benchmarked
with different ceramics, cermets, hard metals and
thermally sprayed coatings, where NbC bonded
with 8% and 12% Co presented above 8 m/s the
lowest wear rates so far in such a benchmark.
Binderless NbC (HP-NbC1) and the metal bonded
NbCs exhibited low wear rates under dry sliding
associated with high P⋅V load carrying capacities.
NbC-based hard metal bonded with 12 vol.-% of
19
Fe3Al resulted in a higher hardness level than
for 12 vol.-% cobalt. The tribological profile
established revealed a strong position of NbC
bearing materials under tribological considerations
and for closed tribosystems against established
reference tribo-couples.
Keywords: Sliding; Friction; Wear; Ceramic;
Oscillation; NbC; Niobium carbide; Cobalt;
Fe3Al; Hard metal; Strength; Modulus; High
temperatures.
25644
Numerical modeling of
adhesion and adhesive failure
during the unidirectional
contact between metallic
surfaces
Eleir Mundim Bortoleto – USP
Erika Fernanda Prados – USP
Vanessa Seriacopi – USP
Newton Kiyoshi Fukumasu – USP
Luiz Gustavo Del Bianchi da Silva Lima – USP
Cristiano Fernandes Lagatta – USP
Izabel Fernanda Machado – USP
Roberto Martins Souza – USP
A finite element modeling approach was
developed to study adhesion phenomena
during the unidirectional contact between a
two-dimensional plane-strain square and a
flat slab. Surfaces were metallic or ceramic,
different pairs of materials were analyzed and
their adhesion was considered by means of a
FORTRAN subroutine (DLOAD), which was
connected with commercial finite element code
Abaqus and provided surface attractive forces
based on the Lennard-Jones interatomic potential.
Adhesive loads were considered both during
approximation and separation of the surfaces.
During the separation step, material transfer
between surfaces, due to adhesion, was modeled
by means of damage initiation and propagation
at the flat slab. The parameters considered in the
simulations were normal load, chemical affinity
and system size and the different conditions
were analyzed by comparison of the interaction
forces during approach and withdrawal. This
work also presents detailed descriptions of: (i) the
evolution of energy dissipation due to adhesion
hysteresis, (ii) the formation-growth-breakage of
adhesive junctions and (iii) the evolution of stress
distribution during the process. Results have
indicated that chemical affinity between the bodies
in contact is more relevant for adhesion than the
20
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
applied load. Besides, smaller asperities are less
prone to promote adhesive wear, but they may
be subjected to high stress concentration effects.
Keywords: Adhesion; Adhesive failure; Finite
element model; Interatomic potentials.
25409
PRELIMINARY EFFECTIVENESS OF
ULTRASONIC NANOCRYSTALLLINE
SURFACE MODIFICATION ON THE
TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF
SINTERED ALUMINA
Amanov Auezhan – Sun Moon University
Pyun Young-Sik – Sun Moon University
This study reports the improvement in
microstructural and tribological characteristics
of sintered alumina (Al2O3) ceramic subjected to
ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification
(UNSM) technique. The surface microstructure
of the untreated and UNSM-treated specimens
was examined by SEM and XRD. The tribological
properties of the specimens were assessed using
a ball-on-disk tribometer against a bearing steel
(SAE52100) ball under dry sliding conditions. It
was confirmed by SEM that the UNSM-treated
specimen had much denser microstructure than
that of the untreated specimen. The surface
roughness of the UNSM-treated specimen obtained
by AFM was found to be smoother compared to
that of the untreated specimens, which may
be attributed to the decrease in porosity. The
tribological results showed that the UNSM-treated
specimens showed better tribological properties
compared to that of the untreated specimens. It
was also found that the UNSM technique was
able to produce a hard white-layer in the topmost
surface layer. The results of this study are expected
to make sintered Al2O3 ceramic more attractive for
a numerous applications in various industries.
Keywords: Alumina; Friction; Wear; Surface
engineering.
25787
PRELIMINARY EFFECTIVENESS OF
ULTRASONIC NANOCRYSTALLLINE
SURFACE MODIFICATION ON THE
TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF
SINTERED ALUMINA
Amanov Auezhan – Sun Moon University
Pyun Young-Sik – Sun Moon University
This study reports the improvement in
microstructural and tribological characteristics
of sintered alumina (Al2O3) ceramic subjected to
ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification
(UNSM) technique. The surface microstructure
of the untreated and UNSM-treated specimens
was examined by SEM and XRD. The tribological
properties of the specimens were assessed using
a ball-on-disk tribometer against a bearing steel
(SAE52100) ball under dry sliding conditions. It
was confirmed by SEM that the UNSM-treated
specimen had much denser microstructure than
that of the untreated specimen. The surface
roughness of the UNSM-treated specimen obtained
by AFM was found to be smoother compared to
that of the untreated specimens, which may
be attributed to the decrease in porosity. The
tribological results showed that the UNSM-treated
specimens showed better tribological properties
compared to that of the untreated specimens. It
was also found that the UNSM technique was
able to produce a hard white-layer in the topmost
surface layer. The results of this study are expected
to make sintered Al2O3 ceramic more attractive for
a numerous applications in various industries.
Keywords: Alumina; Friction; Wear; Surface
engineering.
25716
Processing methods and
predictive model for Wavy-tiltdam mechanical seal
Yuechang Wang – Tsinghua University
Ying Liu – Tsinghua University
Zhi Gao – Tsinghua University
Weifeng Huang – Tsinghua University
Yuming Wang – Tsinghua University
A new method of manufacturing the wavy-tiltdam(WTD) mechanical seal has been mentioned.
In this method, the special equipment is designed
to provide a predetermined force to external
and inner circular surface of the ring. After
milling the end face of the seal by grinding miller
and releasing the preload, the wavy-tilt-dam
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
21
can be done on the seal surface. In this paper, a
prediction model is built up to investigate the
relationship between the predetermined force and
the deformation on the surface of the ring by using
ANSYS software. A WTD ring is manufactured
by this method which approves that the prediction
model is in accord with the real process and this
manufacturing method of the WTD mechanical
seal is a proper choice.
25756
Keywords: Mechanical seal; Wavy-tilt-dam;
Manufacture; ANSYS; Predictive models.
Nitriding of metallic materials using electric
discharges generated during electric discharge
machining (EDM) is a recently developed
technique. The aim of this paper was to correlate
mechanical properties of a nitrided layer produced
in AISI 4140 steel by EDM nitriding with the
type and amount of nitrides. A conventional diesinking EDM equipment and electrolytic copper
electrodes were used to generate the electric
discharges. The electrolyte was a solution of urea
in deionized water. Knoop microhardness profiles
assessed the variation of hardness along the
nitrided layer, whereas the elastic modulus of this
layer was measured using nanoindentation tests.
Optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD)
were used to characterize the nitrided surface. The
results showed the formation of a nitrided layer
containing iron nitrides with average thickness
of around 25 μm. The amount of nitrides reduced
from the surface towards the centre and these
results correlated well with microhardness profiles
obtained.
25610
Study of the Surface
Morphology of a Carbon Steel
after Testings Corrosivecavitative-erosive Wear
in Aqueous Medium with
Salt (NaCl), CO2 and Solid
Particulates (SiO2) Fractions
Fernando Nunes da Silva – UFRN
Eugênio Teixeira de Carvalho Filho – UFRN
Jardel Dantas da Cunha – UFERSA
Djalma Ribeiro da Silva – UFRN
João Telésforo Nóbrega de Medeiros – UFRN
Wear mechanisms of materials that constitute the
equipments and operating parts in the pre-salt
area during the production of petroleum and gas
can include corrosion, corrosion-cavitation and
corrosion-cavitation-erosion. In the laboratory, it is
realizable, but at times it is inaccurate to reproduce
or visualize some of these mechanisms due to the
real complexities caused by hydrodynamic flows,
and the physico-chemical and mechanical nonlinearities. The main objective of this work was to
study coupons of low carbon steel under laboratory
conditions, such as corrosive, cavitative-corrosive
(CO2) and corrosive-erosive (CO2 + SiO2), in a
stirring aqueous saline solution (0 and 5.0 m/s)
at two levels of temperature, with bubbling of gas
(5.0 L/min) and contaminated with or without
(2.5% mass), by solids particles of SiO2. The
surface of the coupons subjected to upstream
flow (0° in a cylindrical generatrix of coupon),
and downstream flows (180º) were analyzed by
profilometry. The measurements of roughness
and waviness of all coupons were statistically
analysed using Statgraphics® Centurion XVI, at a
confidence level of 95% and significant differences
observed in some matrices were discussed.
Keywords: Tribochemistry; Corrosion; Erosion;
Cavitation; Surface texture.
SURFACE MICROHARDNESS OF
AISI 4140 STEEL NITRIDED DURING
ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING
Rogério Felício dos Santos – CEFET-MG
Ernane Rodrigues da Silva – CEFET-MG
André Rezende Figueiredo Oliveira – UFU
Henara Lillian Costa – UFU
Alberto Arnaldo Raslan – UFU
Keywords: Nitriding; AISI 4140 steel; EDM;
Urea; Knoop microhardness.
25759
TEST APPARATUS FOR EVALUATION
OF THE FRICTION FORCE AND WEAR
ABRASIVE APPLIED TO UNLOADING
TRIPPER TRUCKS
João da Silva Júnior – Faculdade SATC
Elvys Isaias Mercado Curi – Faculdade SATC
Richard de Medeiros Castro – Faculdade SATC
In a sliding operation of abrasive particles on a
metal structure occur complex physic-chemical
reactions, leading to weight loss or wear, heat,
vibration, noise, etc. To calculate the lifetime of
the surface subjected to a process of wear, it is
necessary determine the parameters that relate
to the loss of material. The wear coefficient is a
parameter that plays a key role in the calculation
of life. The aim of this study is to investigate the
behavior of sheet steel ASTM A36, being subjected
22
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
to conditions similar of the work a dump trucks
, observing the correlation with time in labor
before several factors such as the angle of and
tilting ramp time. To study the wear coefficient
was developed a new test stand, using an abrasive
material sliding on the metal surface. Apart
the sliding tests, metallography and hardness
testing of the plate were performed, assessing their
tendency to wear. The results shown that the wear
has a strong correlation with the material and the
dump angle.
dependent strain (creep) wherein, as in metals and
alloys, three stages of creep are observed: primary
creep regime (pinning) followed by ‘‘full’’ stick in
a steady state and an accelerating tertiary creep
regime (depinning). Based on the analysis of the
dislocation structure, a model of the dislocation
distribution in the regions of stick (creep) and
slip is proposed.
Keywords: Wear; Abrasive; Lifetime; Tribotester.
THE FUTURE OF LUBRICANTS IS IN
“CLOSING THE CYCLE” AND ECOTOXICITY; CUTTING OIL EMULSIONS
AS AN EXAMPLE
00003
THE DISLOCATION STRUCTURE AND
STICK-SLIP PHENOMENON
A. Laikhtman – Holon Institute of Technology
V. Perfilyev – Holon Institute of Technology
A. Moshkovich – Holon Institute of Technology
I. Lapsker – Holon Institute of Technology
L. Rapoport – Holon Institute of Technology
Friction is a complex process involving multi-scale
asperity contact and large plastic deformation
associated with the development of a dislocation
structure. Friction is closely associated with
the stick–slip phenomenon. In spite of the large
number of published works dedicated to stick–
slip effects, little effort has been directed toward
elucidating the development of the dislocation
structure during stick–slip phenomena. Here,
we report some new systematic investigations
into the dislocation nature of stick–slips during
low-velocity friction of a lithium fluoride (LiF)
single crystal rubbed against a spherical diamond
indenter. The first experimental evidence showing
the interaction between stick–slips and the
dislocation structure during the low-velocity
friction of LiF single crystals is presented. It is
shown that the average velocity of the indenter
in the stick phase is about 300 times lower than
the maximal velocity in the slip. Variation of
the velocity of the indenter is accompanied by
a change of the dislocation mobility around the
stick–slip regions. This difference in velocities
leads to entirely different dislocation behavior and
damage development in the stick and slips phases.
The stick phase is mainly determined by time-
25456
Satish V. Kailas – Indian Institute of Science
K. R. Sathwik Chatra – Indian Institute of Science
For product sustainability “closing the cycle”
is the first requirement. If the materials used in
making the product is not replenished at the rate at
which it is being extracted, the cycle is open and the
product would not be sustainable. This includes
the materials used in generating the energy used
to make the product, the transportation, use
and disposal. If the materials used in a product,
that includes lubricants, is one that cannot be
replenished, it has to be recycled for the product
to be sustainable. The other basic condition for
sustainability is the eco-friendliness of the product.
It is argued that the present lubricants do not fall
in this category. Using the example of cutting
oil emulsions we have shown that it is possible
to meet the conditions of sustainability in terms
of both the material extraction-replenishment
cycle and eco-toxicity. Cutting oil emulsions
made from coconut oil and natural additives are
shown to have superior cutting properties and
are completely eco-friendly. It is concluded that
products made using these conditions are possible
and is a necessity for man to lead a sustainable
life. Closing the cycle, with respect to the energy
used in the cycle will make the product completely
eco-friendly.
Keywords: Sustainability; closing the cycle; ecotoxicity; lubricants; cutting oils.
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
25424
The influence of the normal
load and grit size on the
abrasive wear of polymeric
materials used in mining
industry
Lionel Loïc Limol – UFES
Davi Andrade Fagundes – UFES
Vinicius Varnier Schmitberger – UFES
Marcelo Camargo Severo de Macêdo – UFES
Cherlio Scandian – UFES
Polymeric materials, such as polyurethanes and
rubbers, are widely used in the mining industry
because of their moderate cost and excellent
mechanical properties. Such polymers have been
used mainly in transportation (conveyor belt
systems and pipes coatings) and screening, for
their appreciable abrasion wear resistance. Studies
revealed the complex influence of test parameters,
such as grit size and applied normal load, on the
abrasion wear process for polymers. In this study,
the abrasive wear behavior of several polyurethanes
and rubbers were investigated at room temperature
according to a rotary drum abrasion method (DIN
53516). Wear tests were carried out at 26 cm/s test
speed and load value of 5 N and 10 N. Corundum
paper grit varying from 60 to 400 mesh were used
as an abrasive surface. After each test the mass
loss of the pin was recorded and the wear rates
were calculated from wear volume. The wear
surfaces were investigated by scanning electron
microscopy.
Keywords: Wear; Abrasive grit size; Normal
load; Polymer.
25775
The Influence of Topography
on the SPECIFIC Dissipated
Friction Power in Ultra-Mild
Sliding Wear: Experiment and
Simulation
Daniel Stickel – University of Duisburg-Essen
Alfons Fischer – University of Duisburg-Essen
Current political, economic and ecological
guidelines demand the increase of power densities
of nearly all machinery parts today. In order to
further lower the wear rate towards the ultramild sliding wear regime an integral approach is
needed, which has to regard contact conditions,
surface topography, surface chemistry, as well
as sub-surface properties. Still there are no
simple parameters to classify the performance of
23
tribosystem. In this study the area and volume
affected by tribocontacts are calculated by means
of a three dimensional elastic-ideal plastic
contact model. The surfaces are generated by
means of conventional machining procedures
and characterized by scanning white light
interferometry. The further input data as to
normal and friction forces are derived by ultramild sliding wear tests under boundary lubrication
conditions of carburized steel against carburized
steel and 52100 steel against case-hardened
spheroidal cast iron. This contribution will depict
the distinct influence of the topography on friction
and ultra-mild sliding wear of common Fe-base
materials and point on the marked importance of
highly localized effects, which govern the acting
mechanisms.
Keywords: Ultra-mild sliding wear tests;
Carburized steel; Case-hardened spheroidal cast
iron; Experiment and simulation.
25735
the PHENOMENON of Thermocapillary migration Effected by
SURFACE Micro-grooves
Qingwen Dai – Nanjing University of Aeronautics &
Astronautics
Wei Huang – Nanjing University of Aeronautics &
Astronautics
Xiaolei Wang – Nanjing University of Aeronautics &
Astronautics
The Marangoni effect is an important phenomenon
where a surface tension gradient drives liquid
towards high surface tension regions. Temperature
gradient, evaporation, disparity of viscosity,
and surface roughness and topography are all
significant factors that can affect this thermocapillary migration. The purpose of this study
was to investigate the influence of micro-groove
patterns on the migration of paraffin oil, and
obtain a well-designed texture of micro-grooves to
prevent the thermo-capillary migration. Patterns
of micro-grooves with differing orientations and
geometric parameters were fabricated on the
surface of SUS 316 stainless steel substrates.
Experiments on the migration behavior with
different viscosities of paraffin oils were carried out
various temperature gradients. The experimental
phenomena indicated that the surface with the
micro-grooves perpendicular or parallel to the
temperature gradient have a strong impact on
the migration performance of paraffin oil. Micro-
24
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
grooves perpendicular to the temperature gradient
exhibited extraordinary slower migration velocity
than that of the parallel one. Width and depth of
micro-grooves had an obvious influence on the
behavior of temperature-driven migration and
detail discussions on the effects of these geometric
parameters were carried out.
not accessible, tribocurrent also shows a powerful
tool to investigate how deep the wear is and if
the coating was removed from the surface or not.
Besides, the monitoring of tribocurrent can be
very useful for lubricated conditions since the
free-electrons generated during friction regimes
can potentially cause lubricant degradation.
Keywords: Thermo-capillary migration;
Temperature gradient; Micro-grooves;
Orientation.
25718
00001
TRIBOCURRENT AND FRICTION
FORCE AT A METAL-INSULATOR
INTERFACES: A COMMON ORIGIN
Thiago A. L. Burgo – Argonne National Laboratory
Ali Erdemir – Argonne National Laboratory
Friction and triboelectrification of materials
are very well-known phenomena and subjects
of study since the remote past. Despite the
great technological advances, the mechanisms
whereby are driven, mostly at the atomicmolecular level, are not fully understood and
still a matter of debate. A direct result from
tribological experiments, but rarely used to
investigate triboelectrification of materials is
the flow of charged species at the interface, also
called tribocurrent. Since electrostatic charges
have a strong influence on friction parameters
and subsequently friction regimes necessarily
induce triboelectrification at interfaces, a very
simple and common but rigorous test in tribology,
the ball-on-disk geometry was used to record
macroscopic friction force and simultaneously
measure the current generated between metalinsulator interfaces, which is not only strongly
correlated with friction force but surprisingly has
exactly the same profile. Compared to experiments
that use Faraday cups, tribocurrents can measure,
not only the net of charge, but also the path
for flow of charge at metal-insulator interfaces
during the friction regimes, giving an online
perspective in which direction the charge is being
transferred. Moreover, when other methods are
TRIBO-ELECTRIC BEHAVIORS OF
MATERIALS UNDER HIGH SPEED AND
LARGE CURRENT
Yong-Zhen Zhang – Henan University of Science and
Technology
Zheng-Hai Yang – Wuhan Research Institute of
Materials Protections
Xian-Juan Pang – Henan University of Science and
Technology
Bao Shangguan – Henan University of Science and
Technology
By using special made tester, tribo-electric(T-E)
behaviors of several materials under high speed
and large current were investigated in this
paper. The results show that tribo-behaviors and
electric conducting characteristics do have very
complicated co-effects. Worsening in servicing
conditions obviously deteriorates both tribological
and electrical behaviors, in which high sliding
speed and large electrical current may worsen both
tribological & electrical conductive properties,
while the proper contacting pressure may be of
benefit to electric contacting properties. Further
analysis reveals that worsening effects of those
factors, such as frictional heat, arc discharge,
arc heat, and surface morphology, result to poor
tribo-electric contacting properties. Among those
factors, electric arc is one of the most serious
factors, where the occurrence of electric arc may
cause severe oxidation, melting and roughening in
contacting surface, and finally causes worsening
in both current conducting quality and material
loss.
Keywords: Tribo-electric system; Currentcarrying; Sever working condition; Arc.
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
25387
25427
TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR
OF THREAD COMPOUND FOR
APPLICATIONS IN OIL AND GAS
INDUSTRY
tribological behaviour
of dental enamel under
reciprocating slidinG
Nicolás Ariel Zabala – UNS-CONICET
Walter Roberto Tuckart – UNS-CONICET
Pablo Adrián Castro – TenarisSiderca R&D Center
During the make-up and break-out of the
connections, threaded joints are exposed to intense
mechanical and tribological solicitations. The
connection performance is influenced by its
geometry, material properties, surface treatments
and thread compound. The aim of this work
is to evaluate and characterize the tribological
behavior of different thread compounds applied
on manganese phosphated carbon steel under
low speed and high pressure sliding contact.
Four thread compounds were evaluated: one
containing lead, zinc and graphite; other leadfree, containing copper and finally, the last two
lead-free and containing non-metallic solids. The
tribological behavior was analyzed by a blockon-ring tribotest. During the test, load varied
linearly between 250 N and 7000 N; loading
and unloading lasted 14 sec and were performed
in opposite directions of rotation to simulate the
make-up and break-out operations. Friction force
and load as a function of time were registered.
Upon completion of the test, wear surfaces were
analyzed by SEM, optical microscopy and energy
dispersive spectroscopy. The obtained results
show that the lead and zinc containing thread
compound displayed the best behavior, showing
a wear reduction of approximately 20%. These
results are in line with previously known oilfield
experience. Average COF values around 0.15 were
measured and no significant differences between
dopes were observed; indicating that the wear
behavior was influenced by the additive package.
Keywords: Thread compound; Friction; OCTG
connections; Sliding wear.
25
Priscilla Pessin Coppo – USP
Mateus Aguiar Martins – UFES
Flavio José da Silva – UFPE
Cherlio Scandian – UFES
Rafael Yagüe Ballester – USP
The prevention of dental enamel wear has
particular relevance for preventive and restorative
purposes in dentistry. The wear damage can
increase due to salivary disorders and/or
parafunction (bruxism); antagonists incisal
surfaces become flat and coincident. This study
aims to investigate the wear behavior and the
related mechanisms in sliding pairs of conformal
incisal enamel, with similar values of hardness
and fracture toughness, with different applied
normal loads and lubricated conditions. Bovine
incisors, under pin on flat configuration, were
tested in two lubrication condition (dry or with
natural saliva) and two applied normal loads (8
and 16 N). The worn surfaces were investigated
by 3D profilometry and SEM. The analysis of
worn surfaces indicated mechanisms of brittle
fracture, but with different severities. Under a
normal load of 16 N and dry condition, wear is
controlled by a brittle process: microcracking with
flake-like wear particles, which results in high
friction coefficient (> 0.85), wear rate and wear
volume. On the other hand, under a normal load
of 8 N and natural saliva, wear took place in the
interprismatic region, with consequent exposure
of prisms and fracture in localized regions. In
this case, the friction coefficient was 16% lower
and the wear volume was one order of magnitude
lower. Under 8 N and natural saliva, the wear was
greater than in the dry condition, probably due to
tribochemical reactions.
Keywords: Enamel wear; Pin-on-flat
configuration; Normal load; Lubrication
condition.
26
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
25772
TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF
CARBON NANOTUBES AS LUBRICANT
ADDITIVE IN OIL AND WATER FOR A
WHEEL-RAIL SYSTEM
Jesús A. Carlos Cornelio – Universidad Michoacana
de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
Paula A. Cuervo Velásquez – National University of
Colombia
Lina M. Hoyos Palacio – Universidad Pontificia
Bolivariana
Javier Lara Romero – Universidad Michoacana de San
Nicolás de Hidalgo
Alejandro Toro – National University of Colombia
Since their discovery in 1991 Carbon nanotubes
(CNTs) have attracted much interest due to
their remarkable mechanical, thermal, electrical,
chemical and optical properties. In connection
with their mechanical properties, CNTs have
been studied in various forms for tribological
applications including their use as lubricant
additives for oil and water. In this paper the
tribological properties of CNTs (SWCNTs and
MWCNTs) when used as lubricant additives
are studied under rolling-sliding conditions
in a twin-disc testing machine. The tests were
performed using 5% of creepage and pressures
of 0.8 GPa and 1.1 GPa. Used functionalized
nanotubes were modified with carboxylic acid
ultrasonically dispersed at different concentrations
(0.01, 0.05%). The results indicated that the
presence of carbon nanotubes leads to a decrease
in both friction coefficient and wear rate for both
systems studied (oil and water).
Keywords: Carbon nanotubes; Lubricant oil and
water wear; Friction coefficient.
25327
TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF
POLYVINYL ALCOHOL HYDROGELS
FOR USE AS ARTIFICIAL ARTICULAR
CARTILAGE
José R. Gomes – Universidade do Minho
V. Rego – Universidade do Minho
V.M. Sardinha – Universidade do Minho
L.L. Lima – Unicamp
C.A.C. Zavaglia – Unicamp
W.D. Belangero – Unicamp
V.P. Bavaresco – Unicamp
Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels (PVA) are promising
biomaterials for the repair of damaged articular
cartilage due to their excellent biocompatibility,
high permeability to fluids and low friction
coefficient against smooth and wet surfaces. The
main objective of this work is to demonstrate
that PVA hydrogels are characterized by
friction and wear properties compatible with
the application as artificial articular cartilage.
Pure hydrogel membranes and functionalized
hydrogel membranes with tricalcium phosphate
were processed from PVA aqueous solutions
with 10% (w/w) concentration of polymer in
solution, to be used as tribological samples against
bovine articular cartilage and 316L stainless
steel. Tribological tests were carried out in the
presence of phosphate buffered saline solution
(PBS) at 37ºC. Tests were performed in a pinon-plate tribometer at a constant reciprocating
sliding frequency (1 Hz) and stroke length (8
mm). Contact pressures ranging from 1 MPa
to 5 MPa were applied. For each experiment
the friction coefficient was determined and the
dominant wear mechanisms analyzed by SEM.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hydrogel
worn surfaces in the hydrated state was evaluated
with AFM microscopy. Results show that pure and
functionalized PVA hydrogels present remarkable
tribological properties against natural articular
cartilage with very low friction coefficient values
(≈0.02 to 0.05) combined with the preservation of
both surfaces involved in the contact.
Keywords: Biotribology; Articular cartilage;
Hydrogels; Polyvinyl alcohol; Tricalcium
phosphate.
25744
TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF
TiO2/Au NANOCOMPOSITES AIMED
TOWARD DECORATIVE THIN FILMS
APPLICATIONS
C.S. Abreu – Universidade do Minho
J. Matos – Universidade do Minho
A. Cavaleiro – University of Coimbra
E. Alves – Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear
N.P. Barradas – Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear
F. Vaz – Universidade do Minho
M. Torrell – Universidade do Minho
J.R. Gomes – Universidade do Minho
The aim of this work consists in the evaluation of the
tribological behaviour of thin film nanocomposites,
consisting of gold nanoparticles dispersed in
a dielectric matrix of TiO2. A particular focus
is given to the changes in friction and wear
resistance resulting from the morphological
changes induced by annealing experiments
in vacuum, at increasing temperatures up to
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
500ºC. Mainly, the gold clustering phenomenon,
increase of grain size and the crystallization
of the TiO2 matrix will be correlated with the
changes in the tribological behaviour. Linear
reciprocating ball-on-flat sliding experiments
were conducted under constant applied load (0.1
N) and frequency (1 Hz). Ball bearing steel was
used as a counterbody material and the sliding
occurred at room temperature, without lubrication.
It was found that the annealing process at different
temperatures had no significant impact on the
deepness homogeneity of the Au nanoclusters.
However, important changes occurred in terms
of clusters’ size and crystallization of the film.
Such structural changes resulted in distinct
friction regimes and wear responses. Annealing
at 300ºC resulted in the best frictional response (µ
~ 0.15) and wear resistance (k = 2x10-6 mm3N1m-1). Increasing the annealing to 500ºC lead to
a lessened tribological performance for the films
(µ ~ 0.22, k = 4x10-5 mm3N-1m-1). A direct
correlation was found between the tribological
properties and the diffusion mechanisms induced
by the thermal annealing.
Keywords: TiO2/Au nanocomposites;
Nanoclusters; Friction; Wear; Decorative films.
25390
TRIBOLOGICAL STUDY OF SELFLUBRICATING COMPOSITES WITH
HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE AND
GRAPHITE AS SOLID LUBRICANTS
Kelen Juliane Mucelin – UFSC
Priscila da Costa Gonçalves – UFSC
Gisele Hammes – UFSC
Roberto Binder – Whirlpool- Embraco Unit
Rolf Janssen – Technische Universität HamburgHarburg
Aloisio Nelmo Klein – UFSC
José Daniel Biasoli de Mello – UFU
In order to better understand the tribological
behavior of self-lubricating materials, Fe-Si-C
matrix composites containing solid lubricants
added during the mixing step were studied. The
samples were produced by conventional powder
metallurgy route, presenting total contents of 5%,
7.5% and 10% in volume of h-BN and graphite
mixtures as solid lubricants. The composites were
27
evaluated in terms of tribological properties, under
reciprocating sliding conditions, and mechanical
properties by using tensile tests. Additionally,
the wear scars were characterized by Raman
spectroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy.
Higher total contents of solid lubricants greatly
increased scuffing resistance however decreased
mechanical properties. Furthermore, increasing
h-BN contents reduces both properties. These
results confirmed the applicability of such sintered
composites as self-lubricating parts, reaching
values up to 7000 N.m for scuffing resistance
combined with ultimate tensile strength of 220
MPa.
Keywords: Scuffing resistance; Powder
metallurgy; h-BN; Graphite.
25301
ULTRA-LOW FRICTION COEFFICIENT
IN THE SLIDING OF si3n4-Al2O3
in water: ab initio study of
running-in
Roberto Balarini Junior – UFES
Nathan Fantecelle Strey – UFES
Cherlio Scandian – UFES
Tribological behavior of Si3N4 balls sliding against
Al2O3 discs in water was investigated by studying
the influence of parameters such as initial surface
roughness and circular axial run-out of the discs.
The objective was to relate these parameters with
the occurrence of the phenomenon known as
ultra-low friction coefficient (ULFC), which is
characterized by µ < 0.01, including the correlation
with running-in duration. As a general trend,
greater initial surface roughness and circular
axial run-out resulted in greater running-in
duration. In addition, it was verified that a mixed
lubrication regime (hydrodynamic and boundary)
is required to guarantee the occurrence of ULFC by
comparing the calculated minimum film thickness
with the composite roughness of the worn surfaces.
Also, ICQ-OES analysis of the water after the tests
indicated that a silicon concentration greater than
1.3 mg/l should be fundamental for the occurrence
of µ < 0.01.
Keywords: Ultra-low friction coefficient; Silicon
nitride; Alumina; Water lubrication.
28
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
00002
Wear analyses of mill
components in an iron ore
pelletizing plant
Fabio Arielo Guastala – Vale S.A.
José Guilherme Pelição Pancieri – Vale S.A.
Marcelo Tadeu Milan – Materials Institute of Brazil
Andre de Almeida Grilo – Vale S.A.
Abrasive wear is an important component in
failure analyses in mining equipment. This
work relates to a wear test for mill components
after the occurrence of a failure in an iron ore
pelletizing plant at Vale’s Tubarao Complex,
Vitoria, Brazil. The equipment involved is a
ball mill, which is used to grind the pellet feed
into extremely fine powder for use in pelletizing
process. Metallurgical components of this mill,
such as screws, shell and mill head, are analyzed in
a milling system simulation using iron ore slurry
in order to correlate the components loss weight
with running time. The analysis results and the
tribology involved in this iron ore grinding process
are presented in this paper. Finally, the value of
the inspection process is evidenced as a key factor
at the prevention of failures, at the prediction of
the life cycle of the mill’s components and at the
reliability of the production assets.
Keywords: Abrasive wear; Iron ore; Pelletizing;
Grinding.
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
29
Author Index
A
Abreu, C............................................................26
Alves, E.............................................................26
Alves, S. M....................................................4, 13
Araujo Neto, A. P.................................................7
Araujo, A. L........................................................16
Ardila, M. A. N....................................................14
Auezhan, A........................................................20
B
Bailona, B. A......................................................16
Balarini Junior, R...............................................27
Bohatch, R. G....................................................18
Boher, C...............................................................5
Bortoleto, E. M...................................................19
Botero, L. E. T....................................................14
Breganon, R........................................................8
Bressan, J. D.......................................................6
Brito Júnior, G. C. .......................................15, 18
Brunatto, S. F.................................................8, 18
Burgo, T. A. L.....................................................24
Buscaglia, G. C....................................................8
C
Ballester, R. Y....................................................25
Canale, L. C. F.....................................................7
Barboza, D. V. D................................................10
Cardoso, R. P....................................................18
Barra, G. M. O...................................................10
Carvalho Filho, E. T...........................................21
Barradas, N.......................................................26
Castro, P. A........................................................25
Bavaresco, V.....................................................26
Castro, R. M................................................12, 21
Bazanini, G..........................................................6
Cavaleiro, A.......................................................26
Belangero, W.....................................................26
Chatra, K. R. S..................................................22
Benegra, M..........................................................3
Chaves Neto, A..................................................18
Berthier, Y............................................................5
Checo, H. M.........................................................8
Binder, C...................................................5, 10,12
Coelho, H. T.........................................................7
Binder, R......................................................12, 27
Consoni, D. R....................................................12
30
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
Coppini, N. L......................................................17
Fukumasu, N. K.................................................19
Coppo, P. P........................................................25
Furtado, P. H. C.................................................16
Cornelio, J. A. C.................................................26
G
Coseglio, M..........................................................3
Costa, H. L...................................................11, 21
Cozza, R. C.......................................................17
Cunha, J. D........................................................21
Curi, E. I. M..................................................12, 21
D
Dai, Q............................................................7, 23
Dong, H...............................................................6
Dutra, J. C.........................................................17
E
Erdemir, A....................................................13, 24
Espitia, L. A..........................................................6
Gans, L. H. A.......................................................9
Gao, Z................................................................20
Giacomelli, R. O..................................................5
Glovnea, R. P.....................................................16
Goes, W. U..........................................................4
Gomes, J. R.......................................................26
Gomes, J...........................................................26
Gonçalves, P. C.................................................27
Grilo, A. A...........................................................28
Guastala, F. A....................................................28
Guesser, W. L......................................................9
H
Hammes, G.......................................................27
F
Holmnerg, K.......................................................13
Fagundes, D. A..................................................23
Huang, W.................................................7, 20, 23
Fernandes, C. M................................................11
J
Ferreira, V. O.....................................................12
Fillon, M.............................................................10
Fischer, A...........................................................23
Jai, M...................................................................8
Janssen, R.........................................................27
Florez, P. A. G....................................................14
K
Fraga, R. A........................................................18
Kailas, S. V........................................................22
Freitas, H. L.......................................................16
Kim, D-E............................................................15
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
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31
Kim, D-H............................................................15
Martins, M. A......................................................25
Klein, A. N..........................................5, 10, 12, 27
Martins, R. C......................................................11
Klemz, M. A.........................................................6
Marx, N..............................................................14
Koda, F................................................................9
Matos, J.............................................................26
L
Labiapari, W. S..................................................14
Lagatta, C. F......................................................19
Laikhtman, A......................................................22
Lapsker, I...........................................................22
Lépore Neto, F. P.................................................7
Li, X-Y..................................................................6
Lima, L. G. B. S.................................................19
Lima, L...............................................................26
Mattos, J. M.........................................................5
Maya-Johnson, S.................................................8
Medeiros, J. T. N............................................7, 21
Mello, J. D. B...........................3, 5, 10, 12, 14, 27
Mello, V. S...........................................................4
Milan, M. T.........................................................28
Mohrbacher, H...................................................19
Moshkovich, A...................................................22
Mucelin, K. J......................................................27
Limol, L. L..........................................................23
O
Liu, L....................................................................7
Oliveira, A. R. F..................................................21
Liu, Y..................................................................20
Oliveira, C. A. S...................................................3
M
Oliveira, R. P........................................................9
Macêdo, M. C. S................................................23
P
Machado, I. F.....................................................19
Pajaczkowski, P.................................................15
Machado, R. D...................................................18
Palacio, L. M. H.................................................26
Maciel, H. S.......................................................11
Pancieri, J. G. P.................................................28
Magalhães, A. R................................................16
Pang, X-J...........................................................24
Maranho, O..........................................................3
Pascovici, M. D..................................................16
Marra, J. M........................................................15
Perfilyev, V.........................................................22
Martinez, J. A. B..................................................9
Pessoa, R. S......................................................11
32
Second International Brazilian Conference on Tribology
Tribobr 2014 | November 3rd to 5th, 2014
Pinedo, C. E........................................................6
Sardinha, V........................................................26
Pinho, K. F...........................................................5
Scandian, C.......................................5, 23, 25, 27
Pintaude, G......................................................3, 8
Scheid, A...........................................................18
Prados, E. F.......................................................19
Scheuer, C. J.....................................................18
Pukasiewicz, A. G. M...........................................4
Schmitberger, V. V.............................................23
R
Schön, C. G.......................................................17
Rapoport, L........................................................22
Raslan, A. A.......................................................21
Rego, V..............................................................26
Reis, M. A..........................................................16
Rezaï-Aria, F........................................................5
Rodrigues, L. C..................................................17
Romero, J. L......................................................26
Rzatki, F. D........................................................10
Schoreder, R......................................................12
Schroeder, R. M.................................................10
Schubert, A........................................................15
Seabra, J. H. O..................................................11
Seriacopi, V.......................................................19
Shangguan, B....................................................24
Silva Júnior, J..............................................12, 21
Silva Júnior, W. M................................................3
Silva, C. H..................................................4, 9, 16
S
Silva, D. R..........................................................21
Salvaro, D. B.....................................................12
Silva, E. R..........................................................21
Salvaro, D............................................................5
Silva, F. J...........................................................25
Santa, J. F............................................................8
Silva, F. N..........................................................21
Santana, A. L. B...................................................3
Silvério, M..........................................................12
Santos, D. T.......................................................17
Sinatora, A.....................................................9, 12
Santos, E. S.......................................................13
Soprano, P. B.......................................................5
Santos, E.............................................................9
Souza, D. M.........................................................7
Santos, M. B..................................................7, 14
Souza, G. S.........................................................8
Santos, R. F.......................................................21
Souza, R. M.......................................................19
Santos, T. B.......................................................11
Spikes, H.....................................................11, 14
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33
Spiridon, M........................................................15
Vaz, F.................................................................26
Stahl, K..............................................................13
Velásquez, P. A. C.............................................26
Stemplinger, J-P................................................13
Victor, S...............................................................3
Stickel, D...........................................................23
Vieira, L.............................................................11
Strey, N. F..........................................................27
W
T
Wang, X.........................................................7, 23
Tamayo, A. C. B.................................................14
Wang, Y.............................................................20
Taylor, R. I..........................................................14
Wasilczuk, M.....................................................10
Teixeira, R. C.......................................................5
Wodtke, M.........................................................10
Teles, V. C...........................................................3
Woydt, M...........................................................19
Thomas, E.........................................................16
Tiboni, G. B..........................................................4
Toro, A.....................................................8, 14, 26
Torrell, M............................................................26
Trajano, M. F......................................................13
Trindade, E. D...............................................5, 12
Tschiptschin, A. P.................................................6
Tuckart, W. R.....................................................25
V
Vale, J. L............................................................16
Y
Yang, Z-H..........................................................24
Young-Sik, P......................................................20
Z
Zabala, N. A.......................................................25
Zavaglia, C........................................................26
Zhang, Y-Z.........................................................24
Anotações
2014
SPECIAL SUPPORT
Second International Brazilian
Conference on Tribology
TriboBR-2014
Support
November 3rd to 5th, 2014 - Foz do Iguaçu - Paraná - Brazil
*Confirmed until October 17th, 2014
CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO DA FEI
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