Bioenergy in Brazil and
FAPESP’s Bioenergy Research
Strategy
Carlos H. de Brito Cruz
Scientific Director
Fapesp
20080621; 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Non-Renewable
Renewable
Energy from Renewable sources, Brazil 2006
Energy sources in Brazil, 2006
Energy sources in Brazil
50%
Other
Cane
40%
Wood
cane
30% 15%
Hydro
20%
10%
0%
Renewable
20080621; 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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Ethanol in Brazil
Energy from Ethanol for Otto
cycle based transportation (%)
Sugarcane in Brazil: 1532
Mandated addition of Ethanol to fuel: 1929
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1970
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
1980
1990
2000
2010
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Ethanol: World Production
„
„
Brasil is 2nd largest
producer
In 2005:
– Brazil
– USA
„
35% (cane)
35% (corn)
Brazilian production
– Sucrose: 1/3 of cane
– Cellulose used for
energy
Rússia
França
Índia
China
Brasil
EUA
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
0
4
8
12
16
20
Ethanol production, 2005 (Billion liters)
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Brazil: Ethanol production
1948-2007
„
Ethanol production (Billion liters)
30
25
„
20
1975: Proalcool
Program
2003: Flex-fuel
vehicles
– 90% of new vehicle
sold are Flex
15
10
Gasoline has 25%
Ethanol added
5
– No pure gasoline in
Brazil
„
0
1940
1960
1980
2000
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
2020
Gasoline is the
ALTERNATIVE fuel
in Brazil
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Biofuel yield per hectare
World Watch 2006, http://www.worldwatch.org/system/files/EBF008_1.pdf
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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Energy Output per Fossil Energy Input
Energy balance
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Sugar
cane
Sugar
Beet
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
Wheat
Straw
Corn
Wood
7
GHG reduction
Doornbosch and Steenblik, OECD 2007
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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Increase in productivity
through R&D
Total productivity
Agricultural and Industrial product.
8.000
80
Productivity (liters/hectare)
Productivity (tc/ha or lts/tc)
90
70
60
50
6.000
4.000
2.000
lts de álcool/tc
tc/hectare
40
1975
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
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Number of Sugarcane varieties used
in Brazil
„
Developed by 3
research
organizations
– CTC
– Ridesa
– IAC
„
Plus private
companies
– Alellyx
– Canaviallis
1984
1994
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
2003
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Ethanol costs x Gasoline
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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Biofuels costs
Ethanol from
sugarcane, Brazil
Ethanol from Corn,
U.S.
Gasoline wholesale
Ethanol from grain,
EU
Ethanol from
cellulose
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
1,40
Cost in U.S. Dollars per Liter Gasoline Equivalent
World Watch 2006, http://www.worldwatch.org/system/files/EBF008_1.pdf
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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Brazil: 1% of arable land displaces
50% of the gasoline
Source: UNICA
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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Where does Brazil plant Sugarcane?
„
„
Not in the Amazon
Best land for cane:
– Coast of Northeast
• Oldest (XVI century)
– Southeast
55 ton/ha
• highest productivity
– Centralwest
• main expansion area
82 ton/ha
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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Brazilian Ethanol production,
by State
„
PERNAMBUCO
São Paulo
– 62% of Brazilian
Ethanol
ALAGOAS
MATO GROSSO DO SUL
„
MATO GROSSO
GOIÁS
„
MINAS GERAIS
PARANÁ
SÃO PAULO
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Ethanol production, 2006 (Billion liters)
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
Makes the State
2nd to the U.S.
São Paulo hosts
most of the R&D in
sugarcane and
ethanol in Brazil
– IAC, CTC, CTBE,
Ridesa, USP,
Unicamp, Unesp,
UFSCAR
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Programa FAPESP BIOEN
„
„
Mobilizar a comunidade de pesquisa em São
Paulo para os desafios da Bioenergia
Desafios
–
–
–
–
–
„
Produtividade,
Processos industriais,
Alcoolquímica,
Motores
impactos – sociais, ambientais, econômicos
Usar a base existente
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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FAPESP:
SUCEST Program
„
„
„
Started 1999
Molecular Biology tools
for improving sugarcane
Science and Technology
of sugarcane
– Articles, thesis and patents
– Human resources
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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SUCEST Project
FAPESP, 1999 - 2004
50 labs
200 researchers
238000 ESTs
43000 Transcripts
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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SUCEST-FUN Project
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
Sucrose
Drought
Biomass
ABA
Lignin
Herbivory
Fiber
Phosphate
CO2
MeJA
Sugars
Endophytes
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Maps and Markers
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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SUCEST: Gene Discovery and
Functional Genomics
„
„
Genes associated to traits of interest
In association with planters R&D center
– Sugarcane Transcriptome Project (University of São
Paulo, USP)
• Over 1,000 trait genes (sucrose, herbivory, drought,
nutritional responses) identified through genomics tools
applied to the study of the Brazilian germplasm (Pat pending
USPTO11/716,262)
– Sugarcane Molecular Marker Development Project
(University of Campinas, UNICAMP)
• A functional map and markers associated to sucrose content
developed for breeding populations
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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Biotechnology + Breeding
knowledge
„
Target genes which migh help in
– Increasing yield, and
– Expansion to pasture land (subject to extended
drought season)
– Easing the need for expansion of planted area
„
The SUCEST-FUN Database
– an integrated database for sequences,
expression data, markers, germplasm and
transgenics characteristics
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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Demonstration Plant for Acid
Hydrolisis: FAPESP - Dedini
„
„
„
Project started in 2002
Dedini-Fapesp proprietary process
Demonstration plant
– 5,000 liters per day
– Mixed with input for fermentation
Planta DHR
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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Road Map Tecnológico
„
Projeto do Programa Políticas Públicas
– Unicamp e APTA
– 01/08/2006 a 31/07/2008
„
13 Workshops
– Position Papers
– >100 participants
„
Presentation later today
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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13 Road map Workshops
Tecnologia Agrícola 1
Controle Biológico e Pragas
ESALQ/USP
Tecnologia Agrícola 2
Modelagem, Nutrição Vegetal e Fertirrigação
ESALQ/USP
Tecnologia Agrícola 3
Melhoramento Genético e Genoma da Cana
IAC/APTA
Tecnologia Agrícola 4
Colheita, Transporte, Recuperação da Palha
CTC
Tecnologia Industrial 1
Limpeza, Extração e Tratamento
CTC
Tecnologia Industrial 2
Fabricação do Açúcar
UFSCar
Tecnologia Industrial 3
Fabricação do Etanol
FAENQUIL
Tecnologia Industrial 4
Processo de Energia e Cogeração
UNICAMP
Tecnologias Inovativas 1
Hidrólise
IPT
Tecnologias Inovativas 2
Alcoolquímica e Sucroquímica
UNICAMP
Tecnologias Inovativas 3
Automação e Controles
EMBRAPA
Ambiente Externo
Sustentabilidade Ambiental, Social e Econômica
IEA/APTA
Ambiente Interno
Gerenciamento da Agroindústria Canavieira e Infra-estrutura Unesp
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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FAPESP’s Research Program on
Bioenergy (BIOEN): 5 Divisions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Improvements in the feedstock: building a better cane
plant for energy
Production of Ethanol and other products: hydrolysis,
pyrolisis, gasification, fermentation, distillation
New processes in alcohol-chemistry
Ethanol based engine and fuel cell developments
The Economics of Ethanol, Ethanol production and
the environment, Social impacts, the new agriculture
of food AND energy
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
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FAPESP’s BIOEN
„
Academic Basic and Applied Research
– Advancement of knowledge: Thematic/Pronex
• R$ 20 + R18 milhões
– Regular Grants and Young Investigator Awards
• R$ 5 + R$ 5 milhões
– Fapesp-Fapemig agreement
• R$ 3 + R$ 2 milhões
„
Joint industry-university research
Company
Subject
Oxiteno
Lignocellulosic materials
R$
6,000,000
Braskem
Alcohol-chemistry
R$
50,000,000
Dedini
Processes
R$ 100,000,000
20080621, 20080621-bioenergy.ppt; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
Value
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