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COORDENADORIA PERMANENTE DE SELEÇÃO
MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PIAUÍ – EDITAL 15/2013
DATA: 26/01/2014
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PIAUÍ
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INGLÊS
(4) LINGUÍSTICA, LETRAS E ARTES
LEIA ATENTAMENTE AS INSTRUÇÕES
Esta prova é constituída de um texto técnico-científico em língua estrangeira, seguido de 5 (cinco)
questões abertas relativas ao texto apresentado.
É permitido o uso de dicionário impresso, sendo vedados trocas ou empréstimos de materiais
durante a realização do Exame.
As respostas deverão ser redigidas em português e transcritas para a Folha de Respostas, utilizando
caneta esferográfica, tinta preta ou azul, escrita grossa.
A Folha de Respostas será o único documento válido para correção, não devendo, portanto, conter
rasuras.
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capa da Folha de Respostas e/ou redigir as respostas com lápis grafite (ou lapiseira).
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Ao encerrar a prova, o candidato entregará, obrigatoriamente, ao fiscal da sala, o Caderno de
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Babies Learn to Recognize Words in the Womb
Muffled memories. Brain wave patterns show that babies recognize "pseudowords" they
heard in the womb.
Be careful what you say around a pregnant woman. As a fetus grows inside a mother's belly, it can hear
sounds from the outside world—and can understand them well enough to retain memories of them after birth,
according to new research.
It may seem implausible that fetuses can listen to speech within the womb, but the sound-processing parts of
their brain become active in the last trimester of pregnancy, and sound carries fairly well through the mother's
abdomen. "If you put your hand over your mouth and speak, that's very similar to the situation the fetus is in," says
cognitive neuroscientist Eino Partanen of the University of Helsinki. "You can hear the rhythm of speech, rhythm of
music, and so on."
A 1988 study suggested that newborns recognize the theme song from their mother's favorite soap opera.
Other studies have expanded on the idea of fetal learning, indicating that newborns already familiarized themselves
with sounds of their parent’s native language; one showed that American newborns seem to perceive Swedish vowel
sounds as unfamiliar, sucking on a high-tech pacifier to hear more of the new sounds. Swedish infants showed the
same response to English vowels.
But those studies were based on babies' behaviors, which can be tricky to test. Partanen and his team
decided instead to outfit babies with electroencephalograms (EEG) sensors to look for neural traces of memories from
the womb. "Once we learn a sound, if it's repeated to us often enough, we form a memory of it, which is activated
when we hear the sound again," he explains. This memory speeds up recognition of sounds in the learner's native
language and can be detected as a pattern of brain waves, even in a sleeping baby.
The team gave expectant women a recording to play several times a week during their last few months of
pregnancy, which included a made-up word, "tatata," repeated many times and interspersed with music. Sometimes
the middle syllable was varied, with a different pitch or vowel sound. By the time the babies were born, they had heard
the made-up word, on average, more than 25,000 times. And when they were tested after birth, these infants' brains
recognized the word and its variations , while infants in a control group did not, Partanen and colleagues report online
today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Babies who had heard the recordings showed the neural signal for recognizing vowel and pitch changes in the
pseudoword, and the signal was strongest for the infants whose mothers played the recording most often. They were
also better than the control babies at detecting other differences in the syllables, such as vowel length. "This leads us
to believe that the fetus can learn much more detailed information than we previously thought," Partanen says, and
that the memory traces are detectable after birth.
"This is a well-respected group and the effects are really convincing," says Patricia Kuhl, a neuroscientist at
the University of Washington in Seattle. Combined with previous work, she says, these results suggest "that language
learning begins in the womb."
Developmental psychologist Christine Moon, of Pacific Lutheran University in Tacoma, Washington, agrees. "I
think it is a very good paper with important results," she says, and it points the way to future studies that could break
down the learning process in even more detail.
Just because babies can learn while in utero doesn't mean that playing music or language recordings will help
the child. Partanen says there is no solid evidence that stimulation beyond normal sounds of everyday life offers any
long-term benefits to healthy babies. Moon adds that playing sounds to a fetus with speakers close to the belly could
even be risky because this could overstimulate the fetal ear and the rapidly developing brain. Too much noise can
interfere with the auditory system and may disrupt the baby's sleep cycles.
Rather than playing recordings for healthy babies, Partanen sees potential treatments for children at risk for
dyslexia or auditory processing disorders, if hearing certain sounds in pregnancy turns out to speed up language
learning—"but that's a big if." His team's study looked only at babies less than a month old, and it's not clear whether
the babies will retain the memories as they get older, or whether in utero learning has an effect on language learning
or ability later in life.
Fonte: http://news.sciencemag.org/brain-behavior/2013/08/babies-learn-recognize-words-womb
EM HIPÓTESE ALGUMA, SERÁ CONSIDERADA A RESPOSTA NESTE CADERNO.
Depois de ler o texto, responda as questões a seguir em português.
QUESTÃO 01 - Com base na leitura dos dois primeiros parágrafos, explique o que o texto pretende dizer com a
afirmação ―Be careful with what you say around a pregnant woman‖, na primeira linha.
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QUESTÃO 02 - Quais as descobertas feitas pelos estudos que investigaram a aquisição da linguagem por bebês
antes do nascimento realizados anteriormente à pesquisa conduzida pelo Dr. Eino Partanen, da Universidade de
Helsinki?
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QUESTÃO 03 – Explique os procedimentos adotados no estudo conduzido pelo Dr. Eino Partanen.
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QUESTÃO 04 - Qual a opinião de outros cientistas sobre as descobertas de Partanen? Justifique sua resposta com
informações presentes no texto.
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QUESTÃO 05 - O uso de autofalantes próximo à barriga da mãe para estimular o bebê com música e gravações de
falas pode ajudar no desenvolvimento de bebês saudáveis? Justifique sua resposta com argumentos apresentados
no texto.
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