resenhas e críticas O SEQUESTRO DO SANTA MARIA -RmR$OEHUWRG -RmR$OEHUWRGD&RVWD3LQWR1 5HVHQKDGRO 5HVHQKDGROLYURGH/XGHQEHUJXH*yHVO sequestro do Santa MariaXPVRQKR GHOLEHUGDGH GHOLEHUGDGH6mR3DXOR&LDGRV/LYURVS 1DPDGUXJDGDGRGLD 1DPDGUXJDGDGRGLDGHMDQHLURGHYLQWHHTXDWURLQGLYtGXRVVDHPGDV VXDVFDELQHVFDUUHJDQG VXDVFDELQHVFDUUHJDQGRSLVWRODVHXPDVSRXFDVPHWUDOKDGRUDVSDUDRFXSDUHP HVWUDWHJLFDPHQWHRWRP HVWUDWHJLFDPHQWHRWRPEDGLOKRGRQDYLRHJDUDQWLUDVVLPFRPVHJXUDQoDDLQYDVmR GDVDODGHFRPDQGR(P GDVDODGHFRPDQGR(PSRXFRVPLQXWRVGHSRLVGHGLVSDUDGRVDOJXQVWLURVFRP XPPHPEURGDWULSX XPPHPEURGDWULSXODomRIHULGRPRUWDOPHQWHHRXWURVGRLVFRPIHULPHQWRV OHYHVRQDYLRHVWDYDWRPDGRVHTXHVWUDGR&RPHoDYDDVVLPDOperação Dulcinéia OHYHVRQDYLRHVWDYDWR 2QDYLRVHTXHVWUDGR 2QDYLRVHTXHVWUDGRSHORVYLQWHHTXDWURFRPDQGRV´JXHUULOKHLURVµHUDR6DQWD P LPSRUWDQWH WUDQVDWOkQWLFR SHUWHQFHQWH j &RPSDQKLD 0DULD R PDLRU H PDLV &RORQLDO3RUWXJXHVDH &RORQLDO3RUWXJXHVDHTXHGLDQWHGDVFLUFXQVWkQFLDVSROtWLFDVGRVHTXHVWURUHSUHVHQWDYDQDViJXDVLQWH VHQWDYDQDViJXDVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVGR2FHDQR$WOkQWLFRXPLQVXUUHFWRWHUULWyULR SRUWXJXrVDQWLIDVFLVWD2VHTXHVWURGRQDYLRIRLXPGRVPDLVH[SUHVVLYRVDWDTXHV SROtWLFRVDRUHJLPHIDVFLVWDGH$QWyQLRGH2OLYHLUD6DOD]DU(pGR´DVVDOWRµDR 6DQWD0DULDGDRUJDQL]DomRHUHDOL]DomRGDOperação DulcinéiaGDVSUHPLVVDVH GDVFRQVHTXrQFLDVSROtWLFDVGRVIDWRVGDVWUDMHWyULDVSHUVSHFWLYDVHGHVWLQRVGRV SHUVRQDJHQVHQYROYLGRVTXHWUDWDROLYURGH/XGHQEHUJXH*yHV²O sequestro do Santa Maria: um sonho de liberdade Revista UFG / Julho 2012 / Ano XIII nº 12 1 Professor adjunto da Faculdade de História da UFG. E-mail: <[email protected]>. 205 resenhas e críticas . O SEQUESTRO DO SANTA MARIA $SXEOLFDomRGROLYURWHPRHYLGHQWHSURSyVLWRGHPDUFDUDHIHPpULGHGRV FLQTXHQWDDQRVGRVHTXHVWURGR6DQWD0DULDPDVpPXLWRPDLVTXHXPDH[FHSFLRQDOQDUUDWLYDGRVIDWRVWUDWDVHDQWHVGHWXGRGHXPUHVJDWHKLVWyULFRGD WUDMHWyULDGDTXHOHTXHIRLXPGRVSHUVRQDJHQVFHQWUDLVQDOperação Dulcinéia ²RQDFLRQDOLVWDJDOHJR3HSH9HOR$RUHVJDWDURSURWDJRQLVPRKLVWyULFRGH3HSH 9HORRDXWRUID]XPDFHUWRGHFRQWDVFRPDPHPyULDKLVWyULFDFRQVWUXtGDHP torno da Operação DulcinéiaPHPyULDTXHWHPFRQVDJUDGDGHPRGRH[FOXVLYR DÀJXUDKLVWyULFDGRLQWHOHFWXDOSRUWXJXrV+HQULTXH*DOYmRFDWyOLFROLEHUDO HPGHWULPHQWRGDVGHPDLV &RPRVHTXHVWURGRQDYLRSRUWXJXrV+HQULTXH*DOYmRWRUQRXVHLQWHUQDFLRQDOPHQWHFRQKHFLGRQDVXDOXWDFRQWUDRIDVFLVPRGH6DOD]DUHP3RUWXJDO 2H[IXQFLRQiULRGRUHJLPHVDOD]DULVWDTXHWLYHUDFDUJRVDGPLQLVWUDWLYRVHP $QJRODHQWmRFRO{QLDGH3RUWXJDOHUDjTXHODDOWXUDWDPEpPXPHVFULWRUGH GHVWDTXHSHODVVXDVREUDV²URPDQFHVHHQVDLRVSROtWLFRV²TXHWUDWDYDPGH DVVXQWRVFRORQLDLV1RÀQDOGDGpFDGDGHDEMXURXRVDOD]DULVPRSDVVDQGR jGHIHVDGDUHFRQVWLWXLomRSROtWLFDGDGHPRFUDFLDHP3RUWXJDODVVLPFRPRD GHIHQGHURDXWRQRPLVPRQDFLRQDOSDUDDVFROyQLDVSRUWXJXHVDVHPÉIULFDHVSHFLDOPHQWH$QJROD)RLDWUDYpVGDLPSUHQVDEUDVLOHLUDQRWDGDPHQWHQRMRUQDOO Estado de S. PauloQXPDVpULHGHVHWHDUWLJRVSXEOLFDGRVHPIHYHUHLURHPDUoR GH TXH +HQULTXH *DOYmR GHVHQYROYHX XPD LQWHUSUHWDomR GD Operação DulcinéiaTXHVHIH]FRPRYHUVmRRÀFLDOSDUDDKLVWRULRJUDÀD$VSDUWLFLSDo}HV GH3HSH9HORH-RUJHGH6RWRPD\RUSVHXG{QLPRGH-RVp)HUQDQGR)HUQDQGH] 9iVTXH]H[RÀFLDOGDPDULQKDHVSDQKRODVmRFRPSOHWDPHQWHLJQRUDGDV)RL 3HSH9HORTXHPRUJDQL]RXDOperação DulcinéiaFRPRDWRSROtWLFRGHRSRVLomR DRVIDVFLVPRVLEpULFRV6DOD]DUHP3RUWXJDOH)UDQFRHP(VSDQKDFRPRXPD DomRLQVWLWXFLRQDOGR'LUHWyULR5HYROXFLRQiULR,EpULFRGH/LEHUWDomR'5,/2, IXQGDGRQDFLGDGHGH&DUDFDV9HQH]XHODTXDQGRDOLHVWDYDFRPRH[LODGRSROtWLFR 3HSH9HORpVROHQHPHQWHLJQRUDGRQDYHUVmRTXH+HQULTXH*DOYmRHODERUDQDV SiJLQDVGRMRUQDOSDXOLVWDQR 2 Sobre a trajetória política de Pepe Velo e a organização do DRIL em Caracas, consultar o minucioso estudo de Antón CORBACHO QUINTELA (2009). Uma breve apreciação historiográfica do legado político de Henrique Galvão e das oposições democráticas a Salazar pode ser consultada em Heloísa PAULO (2011). É muito extensa a bibliografia sobre a trajetória de Henrique Galvão, uma rápida apreciação da mesma e muito bem feita, pode ser conhecida em João Alves das NEVES (2009). 206 Revista UFG / Julho 2012 / Ano XIII nº 12 O SEQUESTRO DO SANTA MARIA . resenhas e críticas 2OLYURGH/XGHQEHUJXH*yHVWHPRPpULWRKLVWRULRJUiÀFRGHUHFXSHUDURFRPSOH[RHVSHFWURSROtWLFRGDVRSRVLo}HVGHPRFUiWLFDVDRVIDVFLVPRVLEpULFRVHDVVLP UHFXSHUDUDFHQWUDOLGDGHSROtWLFDGH3HSH9HORTXDQGRGDRUJDQL]DomRGR'5,/HGRV SUHSDUDWLYRVSDUDDOperação Dulcinéia2OLYURDSUHVHQWDXPDH[SRVLomRGLGiWLFD GRVFRQWH[WRVKLVWyULFRVGRVIDVFLVPRVLEpULFRVFRQVROLGDGRVLQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWHQD GpFDGDGHDSUHVHQWDQGRDVHJXLUDVWUDMHWyULDVKLVWyULFDVGHDOJXQVGRVSULQFLSDLV TXDGURVSROtWLFRVHLQWHOHFWXDLVGDVRSRVLo}HVGHPRFUiWLFDVOLEHUDLVHFRPXQLVWDVHP UHVLVWrQFLDDHVVHVIDVFLVPRV'HVVHDPSORTXDGURWHPRVLQIRUPDo}HVEDVWDQWHGHWDOKDGDVGDWUDMHWyULDSROtWLFDHLQWHOHFWXDOGH3HSH9HORHDVXDOXWDSRUXPD´+HVSDQKDµ TXHLQWHJUDVVHWRGDVDVYDULiYHLVQDFLRQDLVGDSHQtQVXODLEpULFD3RUWXJDOH(VSDQKD LQWHJUDGRVVHQGRD*DOtFLDSHUVSHFWLYDGDFRPRXPDSRQWHPHGLDGRUDGHDPERVRV WUDMHWRVQDFLRQDLV$RSURMHWRSROtWLFRGH3HSH9HORVRPDUDPVHRXWUDVWUDMHWyULDV HVSHFLDOPHQWHDGH-RUJHGH6RWRPD\RURÀFLDOGDPDULQKDHVSDQKRODFRPXQLVWDH PHPEURGR3DUWLGR&RPXQLVWD(VSDQKROTXHDEDQGRQRXSRUGLVFRUGDUGDSROtWLFD UHIRUPLVWDGRSDUWLGRTXDQGRGDOLGHUDQoDGH6DQWLDJR&DUULORSDUWLFLSRXDWLYDPHQWH GDIXQGDomRHGDVDo}HVGHJXHUULOKDLQVXUUHFLRQDOGR'5,/)RL6RWRPD\RUTXHP FRQGX]LXR6DQWD0DULDHPPDQREUDVHVSHWDFXODUHVGHIXJDSHOR$WOkQWLFRTXDQGRRV ´WHUURULVWDVµHUDPSHUVHJXLGRVSHODDomRFRQMXQWDGDV0DULQKDVH)RUoDV$pUHDVGH YiULRVSDtVHV(8$&DQDGi3RUWXJDO(VSDQKD+RODQGD$LQGDDVVLPR6DQWD0DULD HVFDSDYDGHWRGRVHDSHQDVDOJXQVGLDVGHSRLVGRVHTXHVWURpTXHIRLHQFRQWUDGR SRUDFDVRSRUXPQDYLRGDPDULQKDPHUFDQWHGLQDPDUTXHVD4XDQGRVHDFUHGLWDYD TXHR6DQWD0DULDIRVVHGHVYLDGRSDUD&XEDRVFRPDQGRVGD2SHUDomR'XOFLQpLD ROHYDYDPSDUDDÉIULFDPDLVSUHFLVDPHQWHSDUD/XDQGDFDSLWDOGH$QJROD 1RVHXSURMHWRSROtWLFRQDVXDXWRSLDQDFLRQDOLVWD3HSH9HORYLVOXPEUDYDTXH D´+HVSDQKDµFRP¶+·GHYHULDVHUDIHGHUDomRGHWRGRVRVSRYRVGDSHQtQVXOD LEpULFDFRP3RUWXJDOLQFOXtGRDÀUPDYDTXHDOXWDSDUDGHUUXEDUDVGLWDGXUDVGH 6DOD]DU H )UDQFR GHYHULD VHU´LEpULFDµ DEUDQJHQGR WRGDV DV QDo}HV GD 3HQtQVXOD S&RQWUiULRjSROtWLFDGRVSDUWLGRVFRPXQLVWDVHP(VSDQKDH3RUWXJDOSROtWLFDV UHIRUPLVWDVGHQmRFRQÁLWRFRPRIDVFLVPR3HSH9HORSURSXQKDRXWUDVIRUPDVGH OXWDTXHDFHOHUDVVHPDTXHGDGRVIDVFLVPRVLEpULFRVSDUDWDQWRpTXHVHUHVROYHX SHODRUJDQL]DomRGR'5,/TXHGHIHQGLDDOXWDGLUHWD´VHPVHUXPSDUWLGRGHLGHRORJLD HVSHFtÀFDµPDVLQVHULGRQR´HVSHFWURLGHROyJLFRGDHVTXHUGDµSQmRVHYLQFXODQGRHPXLWRPHQRVVHVXERUGLQDQGRj8QLmR6RYLpWLFD2'5,/WLQKDFRPROHPD ²´/LEHUGDGHH-XVWLoDRX0RUWHµ²HDÀUPDYDVHFRPRXPPRYLPHQWRLQVXUUHFLRQDO Revista UFG / Julho 2012 / Ano XIII nº 12 207 resenhas e críticas . O SEQUESTRO DO SANTA MARIA HQmRWHUURULVWDFRPRIRLDFXVDGRTXDQGRSURPRYHXGRLVDWHQWDGRVDERPED HPFLGDGHVHVSDQKRODVS 2 '5,/ WDO FRPR IRL SHQVDGR H RUJDQL]DGR SRU9HOR DÀUPRXVH FRPR XPPRYLPHQWRSDWULyWLFR´QDFLRQDOLVWDQRVHQWLGRUHYROXFLRQiULRµFRPXPD SRVLomRGHQHXWUDOLGDGHQDFRQMXQWXUDGD*XHUUD)ULD´DQWHRDQWDJRQLVPR H[LVWHQWHHQWUHDVJUDQGHVSRWrQFLDVµS&RPRSURSyVLWRGHGHIHQGHU RSULQFtSLRQDFLRQDOLEpULFRpTXH9HORFRQYLGD+HQULTXH*DOYmRHR*HQHUDO +XPEHUWR 'HOJDGR SDUD FRPSRU D RUJDQL]DomR GR '5,/ HP &DUDFDV (P 3RUWXJDO+XPEHUWR'HOJDGRKDYLDVLGRFDQGLGDWRGHRSRVLomRDRVDOD]DULVPR QDVHOHLo}HVSUHVLGHQFLDLVGH'HUURWDGRR´JHQHUDOVHPPHGRµFRPR HUDFRQKHFLGRSDUWHSDUDRH[tOLRQR%UDVLO)RLDVVDVVLQDGRHPQD(VSDQKDSRUDJHQWHVGD3,'(3ROtFLD,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH'HIHVDGR(VWDGRDSROtFLD IDVFLVWDGH6DOD]DU $FHUWDGRRDFRUGRFRPRVSRUWXJXHVHV3HSH9HORWRUQRXVHRGLUHWRU JHUDO GR '5,/ H D EDVH GR PHVPR HVWDEHOHFHXVH HP &DUDFDV FLGDGH TXH DEULJDYDPXLWRVH[LODGRVSROtWLFRVRULXQGRVGH(VSDQKDH3RUWXJDO)RLGXUDQWH RVHJXQGRVHPHVWUHGHTXH3HSH9HOR6RWRPD\RU+HQULTXH*DOYmRH +XPEHUWR'HOJDGRRUJDQL]DUDPHPGHWDOKHDOperação DulcinéiaFXMRFRQWH~GR IXQGDPHQWDOHUDRVHTXHVWURGR6DQWD0DULDDHVFROKDGHVVHQDYLRGHXVH SRUTXHWLQKDQRVHXVLWLQHUiULRVGHYLDJHQVIUHTXHQWHVSDUDGDVHP&DUDFDV HHPRXWUDVFLGDGHVGR&DULEHTXDVHVHPSUHRLWLQHUiULRHUD/LVERD0LDPL YLDJHPTXHGXUDYDYLQWHHXPGLDVFRPYiULDVHVFDODVGHHPEDUTXHHGHVHPEDUTXH2'5,/HVFROKHX+HQULTXH*DOYmRFRPROtGHUHSRUWDYR]QRDWDTXH DRQDYLRSRUTXHRPHVPRSRUWHUEDQGHLUDSRUWXJXHVDVHULDHQWmRjOX]GR 'LUHLWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOFRQVLGHUDGRWHUULWyULRSRUWXJXrVHPLQVXUUHLomR DQWLIDVFLVWD1DWRPDGDGRQDYLR3HSH9HORH+HQULTXH*DOYmRGHVHQWHQGLDPVH VLVWHPDWLFDPHQWHFRPDRUJDQL]DomRRDXWRUGHVFUHYHHPGHWDOKHRVIDWRV GLiULRVLQWHUQRVDRVHTXHVWURHPRVWUDQRVXP3HSH9HORVHPSUHDDWHQXDU RVDUURXERVHGHVDUUDQMRVGH+HQULTXH*DOYmR2IDWRpTXHFRPRUHVXOWDGR GRVDFRQWHFLPHQWRVRVFRPDQGRVGR'5,/HQWUHJDUDPVHjVDXWRULGDGHVGR JRYHUQREUDVLOHLURQRGLDGHIHYHUHLURUHQGHQGRRQDYLRSRUWXJXrVQDFLGDGH GH5HFLIHXPGLDDSyVDSRVVHGRSUHVLGHQWH-kQLR4XDGURVTXHHPQHJRFLDo}HVDQWHULRUHVFRP+XPEHUWR'HOJDGR>H[LODGRQR%UDVLO@JDUDQWLUDWDQWR DUHQGLomRFRPRRDVLORSROtWLFRDWRGRVRVFRPDQGRVGR'5,/'DHQRUPH 208 Revista UFG / Julho 2012 / Ano XIII nº 12 O SEQUESTRO DO SANTA MARIA . resenhas e críticas UHSHUFXVVmR QD LPSUHQVD TXH WHYH R VHTXHVWUR FRQIRUPH DÀUPD R DXWRU +HQULTXH *DOYmR DFDERX GH XPD PDQHLUD RSRUWXQLVWDSRUVHDVVXPLUFRPRROtGHUGDOperação Dulcinéia1DVVXDVHQWUHYLVWDVHDUWLJRVRVQRPHVGH3HSH9HORH 6RWRPD\RUQmRVmRPHQFLRQDGRV+HQULTXH*DOYmRIDOHFHX QR%UDVLOHPHRDVVDOWRDR6DQWD0DULDSHUPDQHFHX DVVRFLDGRTXDVHTXHH[FOXVLYDPHQWHDRVHXQRPHHWUDMHWyULD FRPROHJDGRGH3HSH9HORODQoDGRDRHVTXHFLPHQWR 5HFRQVWUXLUHPGHWDOKHWRGRRSURFHVVRGHRUJDQL]DomR da Operação Dulcinéia, descrever minuciosamente o dia a dia GDDYHQWXUDGRVFRPDQGRVGR'5,/QRFRQWUROHGHXPQDYLR FRPPDLVGHVHLVFHQWRVSDVVDJHLURVDERUGRDSUHVHQWDUH GRFXPHQWDURHIHWLYRSDSHOGDOLGHUDQoDGH3HSH9HORDVVLP FRPR R GH -RUJH GH 6RWRPD\RU VmR HVVHV RV SULQFLSDLV H IXQGDPHQWDLVWHUPRVGHVWHH[FHOHQWHOLYURGH/XGHQEHUJXH *yLVTXHWRGRVGHYHULDPOHU Referências CORBACHO QUINTELA, Antón. José Velo e o DRIL. In CORBACHO QUINTELA, Antón. A aculturação e os galegos do Brasil: o vazio galeguista. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Faculdade de Filologia, Departamento de Filologia Galega.TESE DE DOUTORADO, 2009, p. 441-465. Disponível em: <http://www.galizalivre.org/sites/default/files/noticia/2011/01/ Jos%20Velo%20e%20o%20DRIL_Antom%20Corbacho%20 Quintela.pdf>. NEVES, João Alves das. Henrique Galvão, escritor e político. Jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, 26 de junho de 2009, p. A2. Disponível em: <http://<www.estadao.com.br/acervo>. PAULO, Heloísa. 1961: o assalto do Santa Maria e o desmoronar do regime salazarista em Portugal. In História Revista, volume 16, n. 01, Goiânia, Programa de Pós-graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Julho de 2011. Disponível em: <http://www.revistas.ufg.br/index.php/historia/ article/view/14704/11050>. Revista UFG / Julho 2012 / Ano XIII nº 12 209