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5
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6
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"
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go" wo" tqvgktq" rctc" woc" cxgpvwtc" fg" TRI." fg" okpjc" cwvqtkc0" Crôu" guug" rgtîqfq."
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fgukip" g" q" fgukip" rctc" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0" C" ocpgktc" eqoq" rtgvgpfîcoqu" wpk/nqu"
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gueqrq" fqu" lqiqu" ckpfc" ê" woc" pqxkfcfg7." woc" rtâvkec" go" etguekogpvq0" Q" swg" vgoqu"
jqlg" fg"ocku"tgegpvg"pc"âtgc"ê"c"ogvqfqnqikc"eqpjgekfc"eqoq" Icokhkecvkqp0"Ugiwpfq"
Dwpejdcnn" *4232+." q" qdlgvkxq" igtcn" fq" Icokhkecvkqp" ê" q" fg" oqvkxct" enkgpvgu" g"
eqpuwokfqtgu" c" rctvkekrct." eqorctvknjct" g" kpvgtcikt" go" cniwoc" cvkxkfcfg" qw"
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4233."pqu"ogugu"fg"lcpgktq"g"ugvgodtq."g"c"wvknk|cèçq"fg"eqpegkvqu"qtkwpfqu"fqu"lqiqu"
go"rtqlgvqu"hqtc"fqu"lqiqu"ê"vgoc"swg"xgo"icpjcpfq"tgngxãpekc"pqu"ûnvkoqu"cpqu."g"swg"
ckpfc"rctgeg"vgt"dcuvcpvg"gurcèq"rctc"cxcpèct0""
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xgtkhkecoqu"swg."cvê"pquuc"ûnvkoc"ejgecigo9."ckpfc"pçq"gzkuvkco"vtcdcnjqu"cecfíokequ"
rwdnkecfqu"eqo"q"oguoq"vgoc"*wvknk|cèçq"fg"eqpegkvqu"fg"icog"fgukip"rctc"oqvkxct"c"
rctvkekrcèçq"fg"wuwâtkqu"go"ugtxkèqu"rctc"c"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg+0"
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crnkecèçq"go"ugtxkèqu"rctc"c"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0"
"
7
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wvknk|co"eqpegkvqu"fg"icog"fgukip"fg"oqfq"c"rtqoqxgt"woc"rctvkekrcèçq"ocku"gpiclcfc"fg"ugwu"wuwâtkqu0"
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8
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9
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8"
3060"Xkuçq"Igtcn"fc"Ogvqfqnqikc"fg"Rguswkuc"
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wvknk|cfqu"swcpvq"pc"rctvg"rtqlgvwcn0"Rqfgoqu"fkxkfkt"uwc"ogvqfqnqikc"go"ekpeq"gvcrcu"
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30 Hwpfcogpvcèçq"vgôtkec"fq"ecorq"fq"fgukip"rctc"c"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg="
40 Dtgxg"hwpfcogpvcèçq"vgôtkec"dtgxg"fqu"ecorqu"fc"nwfqnqikc"g"fq"icog"fgukip="
50 Rguswkuc"g"uîpvgug"fg"eqpegkvqu"oqvkxcekqpcku"fg"icog"fgukip="
60 Rguswkuc."ugngèçq"g"cpânkug"fg"fqku"rtqlgvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cqu"eqpegkvqu"g"rtâvkecu"
fg"tgfwèçq"fq"korcevq"codkgpvcn"g"kpqxcèçq"uqekcn="
70 Tgcnk|cèçq" fg" fqku" gzgteîekqu" fg" tgeqogpfcèùgu" fg" rtqlgvq" pcu" lqtpcfcu" fg"
wvknk|cèçq"fqu"rtqlgvqu"ugngekqpcfqu0"
C"rtkogktc"rctvg"fc"ogvqfqnqikc"vtcvc"fq"ngxcpvcogpvq"fg"fcfqu"go"nkxtqu."rgtkôfkequ."
vgugu"g"ctvkiqu"rctc"c"hwpfcogpvcèçq"vgôtkec"fc"rguswkuc"tghgtgpvg"cq"ecorq"fq"fgukip"
rctc"c"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg."cuuko"eqoq"vcodêo"rctc"q"fgugpxqnxkogpvq"fq"ctiwogpvq"swg"
lwuvkhkec"guvc"fkuugtvcèçq0"
C" ugiwpfc" rctvg" vtcvc" fq" ngxcpvcogpvq" fg" fcfqu" go" nkxtqu." rgtkôfkequ." vgugu." ctvkiqu."
crtgugpvcèùgu"go"xîfgq"g"ygdukvgu"rctc"c"hwpfcogpvcèçq"vgôtkec"fc"rguswkuc"tghgtgpvg"
cqu" ecorqu" fc" nwfqnqikc" *c" vîvwnq" fg" hcoknkctk|cèçq+" g" fq" icog" fgukip" *c" vîvwnq" fg"
crtqhwpfcogpvq"rctc"rguswkuc"gurgeîhkec"fqu"eqpegkvqu"oqvkxcekqpcku+0"
C" vgtegktc" rctvg" tghgtg/ug" ä" rguswkuc." tgwpkçq" g" uîpvgug" fqu" eqpegkvqu" fg" icog" fgukip"
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lwnicoqu" ocku" tgngxcpvgu." tgwpkpfq." kpvgtrtgvcpfq" g" ukpvgvk|cpfq" qu" eqpegkvqu"
crtgugpvcfqu."c"ugtgo"wvknk|cfqu"rquvgtkqtogpvg"pqu"gzgteîekqu"fg"rtqlgvq0"
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9"
tgeqogpfcèùgu" dcugcfcu" pqu" eqpegkvqu" oqvkxcekqpcku" fg" icog" fgukip." ukpvgvk|cfqu"
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gzgornkhkect"eqoq"guugu"eqpegkvqu"rqfgo"ugt"crnkecfqu"eqo"c"kpvgpèçq"fg"vqtpct"guugu"
ugtxkèqu"rqvgpekcnogpvg"ocku"rctvkekrcvkxqu."tgeqorgpucfqtgu"g"oqvkxcfqtgu"rctc"ugwu"
wuwâtkqu0"
3070"Guvtwvwtc"Igtcn"fc"Fkuugtvcèçq"
C"fkuugtvcèçq"guvâ"fkxkfkfc"go"ekpeq"rctvgu<"kpvtqfwèçq."fgukip"rctc"c"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg."
icog"fgukip."gzgteîekqu"fg"rtqlgvq"g"eqpenwuçq0"Pc"rtkogktc"rctvg."vgoqu"eqoq"kpvgpèçq"
hcoknkctk|ct" q" ngkvqt" eqo" c" rguswkuc" rtqrquvc." lwuvkhkect" pquucu" gueqnjcu" g"
fktgekqpcogpvqu." fguetgxgt" pquuqu" qdlgvkxqu" g" rtgrctct" q" ngkvqt" rctc" cu" rctvgu"
uwdugswgpvgu0"
Pc" ugiwpfc" rctvg." tghgtgpvg" cq" ecorq" fq" fgukip" rctc" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg." vtcvcoqu" fg<"
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etgfkdknkfcfg" cegtec" fqu" rtqdngocu" uqekqcodkgpvcku" igtcfqu" fktgvc" g" kpfktgvcogpvg"
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rguswkucu" g" cdqtfcigpu" ocku" eqowpu" fq" ecorq" fq" fgukip" rctc" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg" g"
crqpvct" cniwocu" fcu" swguvùgu" ocku" tgegpvgu" swg" oqxgo" guucu" rguswkucu0" Hkpcnk|coqu"
guvc"ugiwpfc"rctvg"eqo"q"ngxcpvcogpvq"fc"jkrôvgug"egpvtcn"fc"rguswkuc"*eqoq"rtqoqxgt"
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eqo" c" lwuvkhkecvkxc" fc" gueqnjc" fq" icog" fgukip" eqoq" ecorq" fg" qpfg" dwuectgoqu"
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jkuvôtkeq"fqu"ecorqu"fc"nwfqnqikc"g"fq"icog"fgukip="tgwpkt"g"cpcnkuct"cniwpu"eqpegkvqu"
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qu"eqpegkvqu"c"ugtgo"wvknk|cfqu"pc"rctvg"ugiwkpvg"fc"fkuugtvcèçq."pc"swcn"tgcnk|coqu"qu"
gzgteîekqu"fg"rtqlgvq0"
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ugw" tgurgkvq:0" Crôu" c" rtkogktc" tqfcfc" fg" cpânkugu." guvwfcoqu" cu" gzrgtkípekcu" fg" wuq;"
:
"Cwzknkcfqu"rgnc"hgttcogpvc"fg"oqfgncigo"fg"pgiôekqu"Dwukpguu"Oqfgn"Ecpxcu0"
"
:"
fqu" wuwâtkqu" pguugu" rtqlgvqu0" Rquvgtkqtogpvg" ä" cpânkug" gurgeîhkec" fcu" lqtpcfcu" fg"
wvknk|cèçq." tgcnk|coqu" qu" gzgteîekqu" fg" tgeqogpfcèùgu" fg" rtqlgvq." go" swg" cxcnkcoqu"
vqfcu" cu" gvcrcu" fguucu" lqtpcfcu" g" rtqrqoqu" tgeqogpfcèùgu" uqdtg" eqoq" qu" eqpegkvqu"
oqvkxcekqpcku" fg" icog" fgukip" rqfgtkco" cvwct" pguucu" gvcrcu." fg" oqfq" c" vqtpâ/ncu"
rqvgpekcnogpvg"ocku"gpiclcfqtcu."tgeqorgpucfqtcu"g"rctvkekrcvkxcu"fq"rqpvq"fg"xkuvc"fg"
ugwu" wuwâtkqu0" Go" ugiwkfc." fguetgxgoqu" guucu" lqtpcfcu" oqfkhkecfcu32." rtqewtcpfq"
tguucnvct"swg"eqpegkvqu"wvknk|coqu"*g"eqoq"ecfc"wo"fgngu"cvwqw+."swg"rtqxâxgku"ghgkvqu"
ug"gurgtcxc"swg"vkxguugo"igtcfq"g"eqoq"guugu"eqpegkvqu"eqpvtkdwîtco"eqo"qu"qdlgvkxqu"
fg"uwc"crnkecèçq0"
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ocku" gpiclcfc" cfguçq" fcu" rguuqcu" cqu" ejcocfqu" ugtxkèqu" rctc" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0"
Fgdcvgoqu" vcodêo" qu" rtôzkoqu" rcuuqu" c" ugtgo" fcfqu" c" rctvkt" fq" rqpvq" go" swg"
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fqwvqtcfq0
;
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fg"Ugtxkèq+"eqoq"qu"wuwâtkqu"gzrgtkogpvco"guugu"ugtxkèqu"g"q"swg"ugpvgo"cq"nqpiq"fguuc"gzrgtkípekc0"
"
32
"Cwzknkcfqu"pqxcogpvg"rgncu"hgttcogpvcu"Rgtuqpcu"g"Lqtpcfc"fg"Ugtxkèq0"
;"
40"Fgukip"rctc"c"Uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"
4030"Uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg<"Eqpegkvwcèçq"
Rctc" hkpu" fc" fkuugtvcèçq." eqortggpfgtgoqu" q" eqpegkvq" fg" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg" fg" ceqtfq"
eqo" Ocp|kpk" *422:+0" Ugiwpfq" q" rguswkucfqt." rctc" wo" rtqeguuq33" ugt" eqpukfgtcfq"
codkgpvcnogpvg" uwuvgpvâxgn." tgswgt" ›eqpfkèùgu" ukuvíokecu" c" rctvkt" fcu" swcku" cu"
cvkxkfcfgu"jwocpcu"pçq"rgtvwtdgo"qu"ekenqu"pcvwtcku"cnêo"fqu"nkokvgu"fg"tguknkípekc"fqu"
gequukuvgocu" pqu" swcku" uçq" dcugcfqu" g" pçq" gorqdtgèco" q" ecrkvcn" pcvwtcn" swg" ugtâ"
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ugpvkfq" q" vgtoq" fluwuvgpvcdknkfcfg" uqekcn‚<" ›eqpfkèùgu" ukuvíokecu" cvtcxêu" fcu" swcku" cu"
cvkxkfcfgu"jwocpcu"pçq"eqpvtcfkico"qu"rtkpeîrkqu"fc"lwuvkèc"g"fc"tgurqpucdknkfcfg"go"
tgncèçq"cq"hwvwtq."eqpukfgtcpfq"c"cvwcn"fkuvtkdwkèçq"g"c"hwvwtc"fkurqpkdknkfcfg"fg"flgurcèq"
codkgpvcn‚*Kdkf." r0" 44+fi0" Rqfgoqu" ukpvgvk|ct" codqu" qu" eqpegkvqu" cvtcxêu" fq" vgtoq"
uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg" uqekqcodkgpvcn." swg" rqfgtkc" ugt" fguetkvq" eqoq" wo" eqplwpvq" fg"
eqpfkèùgu"cvtcxêu"fcu"swcku"cu"cvkxkfcfgu"jwocpcu"pçq"rgtvwtdgo"qu"ukuvgocu"pcvwtcku"
cnêo" fg" uwc" ecrcekfcfg" fg" tgewrgtcèçq" g" pçq" eqpvtcfkico" qu" rtkpeîrkqu" fc" lwuvkèc" g"
tgurqpucdknkfcfg"go"tgncèçq"cq"hwvwtq0"
Eqo" cu" vgepqnqikcu" fg" rtqfwèçq" g" qu" eqorqtvcogpvqu" fg" eqpuwoq" cvwcnogpvg" go"
xkiqt." ugtkc" korquuîxgn" ictcpvkt" vcku" eqpfkèùgu0" Eqoq" xgtgoqu" cfkcpvg." pçq" gzkuvgo"
tgewtuqu" g" vgepqnqikcu" uwhkekgpvgu" swg" ictcpvco" c" vqfqu" qu" jcdkvcpvgu" fq" rncpgvc" wo"
rcftçq" fg" xkfc" eqorcvîxgn" eqo" q" fq" ekfcfçq" oêfkq" fqu" rcîugu" eqpukfgtcfqu"
fgugpxqnxkfqu0"Pguug"ugpvkfq."c"crqkcfqu"go"fcfqu"fg"tgncvôtkqu"g"cxcnkcèùgu"ekgpvîhkecu"
tgegpvgu" *c" ugtgo" xkuvqu" pc" ugèçq" ugiwkpvg+." rqfgoqu" kpfkect" swg" guvcoqu" go" woc"
fktgèçq" kpuwuvgpvâxgn0" Ugiwpfq" Ocp|kpk." rctc" owfctoqu" guug" swcftq" fg"
kpuwuvgpvcdknkfcfg." fgxgoqu" pqu" gpecokpjct" rctc" wo" rtqeguuq" fg" ›fgueqpvkpwkfcfg"
ukuvíokec"swg"ewnokpg"pwoc"uqekgfcfg"ecrc|"fg"ug"fgugpxqnxgt"c"rctvkt"fc"tgfwèçq"fqu"
pîxgku" fg" rtqfwèçq" g" eqpuwoq" ocvgtkcn." ukownvcpgcogpvg" ognjqtcpfq" c" swcnkfcfg" fg"
vqfq"q"codkgpvg"uqekcn"g"hîukeq"*Kdkf."r0"3;+fi0"
Rctc"Ocp|kpk"*Kdkf."r0"52/53+."c"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg."pqu"oqfgnqu"xkigpvgu"fg"rtqfwèçq"g"
eqpuwoq."pgeguukvctkc"fg"vtíu"itcpfgu"eqpfkèùgu<"
33
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34
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33"
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35
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36
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34"
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37
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35"
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38
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"
39
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36"
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gequukuvgocu."cq"oguoq"vgorq"go"swg"uçq"uwrtkfcu"cu"fgocpfcu"etguegpvgu"rgnqu"ugwu"
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rquuîxgn" eqo" q" gpxqnxkogpvq" ukipkhkecvkxq" fqu" iqxgtpqu." fcu" qticpk|cèùgu" g" fc"
uqekgfcfg" go" igtcn." q" swg" pçq" qeqttg" cvwcnogpvg0" Q" fqewogpvq" rtgxí" ckpfc" swg" ›c"
fgitcfcèçq" fqu" ugtxkèqu" fqu" gequukuvgocu" rqfg" rkqtct" eqpukfgtcxgnogpvg" pc" rtkogktc"
ogvcfg"fguvg"uêewnq"*CGO."4227+fi."tghqtècpfq"c"wtiípekc"pc"vqocfc"fg"cèùgu0""
C" QPW" eqortggpfg" q" eqpegkvq" fg" fgugpxqnxkogpvq" uwuvgpvâxgn" eqoq" q"
fgugpxqnxkogpvq"swg"xck"cq"gpeqpvtq"fcu"pgeguukfcfgu"fq"rtgugpvg."ugo"eqortqogvgt"c"
jcdknkfcfg" fcu" igtcèùgu" hwvwtcu" fg" ktgo" cq" gpeqpvtq" fcu" uwcu" *YGEF1WP." 3;:9+0" C"
Qticpk|cèçq" fcu" Pcèùgu" Wpkfcu" uwuvgpvc." rqtvcpvq." swg" qu" qdlgvkxqu" geqpõokequ" g" q"
fgugpxqnxkogpvq" uqekcn" fgxgtkco" ugt" fghkpkfqu." go" vqfcu" cu" pcèùgu." pqu" vgtoqu" fc"
uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0" Q" fgugpxqnxkogpvq" uwuvgpvâxgn" tgswgt" c" rtqoqèçq" fg" xcnqtgu" swg"
gpeqtclgo"c"cfqèçq"fg"rcftùgu"fg"eqpuwoq"chkpcfqu"eqo"guug"rtqrôukvq<"
Cu" pgeguukfcfgu" ]jwocpcu_" rgtegdkfcu" uçq" uqekcn" g" ewnvwtcnogpvg"
fgvgtokpcfcu."g"q"fgugpxqnxkogpvq"uwuvgpvâxgn"tgswgt"c"rtqoqèçq"fg"xcnqtgu"
swg" guvkowngo" rcftùgu" fg" eqpuwoq" swg" guvglco" fgpvtq" fqu" nkokvgu" fq"
geqnqikecogpvg" rquuîxgn" rctc" swg" vqfqu" rquuco" tc|qcxgnogpvg" curktâ/nqu"
*YGEF1WP."3;:9+0"
Q" oguoq" fqewogpvq" crtgugpvc" eqpenwuùgu" korqtvcpvgu" c" tgurgkvq" fg" swguvùgu"
tgncekqpcfcu" cqu" ukuvgocu" rtqfwvkxqu" kpfwuvtkcku." vcku" eqoq" q" eqpuwoq" gpgtiêvkeq." c"
rtqfwèçq"kpfwuvtkcn"g"c"igtcèçq"fg"nkzq0"
Pc" swguvçq" gpgtiêvkec." c" ukvwcèçq" fg" fgukiwcnfcfg" go" vgtoqu" fg" eqpuwoq." ceguuq" g"
fkuvtkdwkèçq"ê"dcuvcpvg"cegpvwcfc0"Q"eqpuwoq"fg"gpgtikc"rgt"ecrkvc"pcu"geqpqokcu"ocku"
fgugpxqnxkfcu" ê" egtec" fg" :2" xg|gu" ockqt" fq" swg" q" fqu" rqxqu" uwducctkcpqu0" Go" woc"
eqorctcèçq" ugognjcpvg." vgoqu" ceguuq" ä" kphqtocèçq" fg" swg" crgpcu" wo" swctvq" fc"
rqrwncèçq" owpfkcn" eqpuqog" vtíu" swctvqu" fc" gpgtikc" cvwcnogpvg" igtcfc" *YGEF1WP."
3;:9+0"
Go" tgncèçq" ä" rtqfwèçq" kpfwuvtkcn." q" fqewogpvq" tguucnvc" ugwu" ghgkvqu" rqukvkxqu" rctc" q"
jqogo."eqoq"q"cwogpvq"fc"swcnkfcfg"fg"xkfc"g"fq"dgo/guvct."cuuko"eqoq"ugwu"ghgkvqu"
eqncvgtcku0"Qu"tguîfwqu"fc"rtqfwèçq"kpfwuvtkcn"g"fq"eqpuwoq"fqu"rtqfwvqu"hcdtkecfqu"rqt"
guugu" rtqeguuqu" uçq." rqt" gzgornq." cniwpu" fqu" ockqtgu" tgurqpuâxgku" rgnc" rqnwkèçq" go"
fkxgtuqu" gequukuvgocu0" G" qu" ghgkvqu" eqncvgtcku" fgigpgtcvkxqu" pçq" equvwoco" tgurgkvct"
htqpvgktcu."gurcnjcpfq/ug"gpvtg"qu"rcîugu"ocku"tkequ"g"qu"ocku"rqdtgu."eqo"qu"ûnvkoqu"go"
37"
enctc" fguxcpvcigo" geqpõokec" g" vgepqnôikec" rctc" cogpk|ct" qw" eqpvqtpct" guugu"
rtqdngocu0"
Xgo" ug" vqtpcpfq" ecfc" xg|" ocku" enctq" q" hcvq" fg" swg" cu" qtkigpu" g" ecwucu" fc"
rqnwkèçq" uçq" owkvq" ocku" fkhwucu." eqorngzcu" g" kpvgt/tgncekqpcfcu" ⁄" g" qu"
ghgkvqu" fguuc" rqnwkèçq" ocku" igpgtcnk|cfqu." ewowncvkxqu" g" etõpkequ"⁄" fq" swg"
rtgxkcogpvg" cetgfkvcfq0" Rtqdngocu" fg" rqnwkèçq" cpvgu" nqecku" uçq" ciqtc"
tgikqpcku"qw"cvê"oguoq"inqdcku."go"guecnc"*YGEF1WP."3;:9+0"
Q"fqewogpvq"crqpvc"ckpfc"swg"qu"rcftùgu"kpuwuvgpvâxgku"fg"rtqfwèçq"g"eqpuwoq"xío"
eqpvtkdwkpfq"rctc"cwogpvct"c"swcpvkfcfg"fg"nkzq"pq"ogkq"codkgpvg0"C"vgpfípekc"cvwcn"ê"
c" fg" swg" c" swcpvkfcfg" fg" nkzq" fguectvcfc" kpcfgswcfcogpvg" swcftwrnkswg" qw"
swkpvwrnkswg"cvê"4247."cwogpvcpfq."gpvtg"qwvtcu"eqkucu."qu"tkuequ"fg"fcpqu"codkgpvcku0"
Pguug" ugpvkfq." tgeqogpfc/ug" gzrtguucogpvg" c" cfqèçq" fg" woc" rquvwtc" rtgxgpvkxc" g"
xqnvcfc" cq" tgfktgekqpcogpvq" fg" guvknqu" fg" xkfc" g" fg" rcftùgu" fg" rtqfwèçq" g" eqpuwoq"
xkigpvgu"*YGEF1WP."3;:9+0"
Go" tgncèçq" c" guugu" rtqdngocu" kpfwuvtkcku." q" fqewogpvq" tgeqogpfc" q" tghqtèq" pcu"
ogfkfcu"fg"tgfwèçq."eqpvtqng"g"rtgxgpèçq"fq"korcevq"codkgpvcn"igtcfq"rgnqu"rtqeguuqu"
fg"rtqfwèçq"kpfwuvtkcn0"Ecuq"c"tgfwèçq"pçq"qeqttc."qu"fcpqu"igtcfqu"rqfgtçq"ug"vqtpct"
kpvqngtâxgku"go"cniwpu"codkgpvgu"*YGEF1WP."3;:9+0"Tgeqogpfc/ug"swg"cu"kpfûuvtkcu"
uglco"gpeqtclcfcu"c"wvknk|ctgo"tgewtuqu"ocku"ghkekgpvgu"g"ogpqu"rqnwgpvgu."dcugcfqu"pq"
wuq"fg"tgewtuqu"tgpqxâxgku."swg"igtco"ogpqu"rqnwkèçq"g"nkzq."okpkok|co"qu"korcevqu"
cfxgtuqu"pc"ucûfg"jwocpc"g"pq"ogkq"codkgpvg0"
Rqfg/ug"fk|gt."ukornkhkecfcogpvg."swg"q"oqfq"eqoq"itcpfg"rctvg"fc"uqekgfcfg"nkfc"eqo"
q" swg" eqpuqog" g" rtqfw|" eqncdqtc" fktgvcogpvg" rctc" c" fgvgtkqtcèçq" fq" ogkq" codkgpvg."
eqpvtkdwkpfq" vcodêo" rctc" c" fgvgtkqtcèçq" fg" qwvtcu" cvkxkfcfgu" jwocpcu." vcku" eqoq" cu"
geqpõokecu."uqekcku"g"ewnvwtcku0"Gpswcpvq"q"swcftq"fg"kpuwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"codkgpvcn"igtc"
ghgkvqu" eqncvgtcku" fg" guecnc" owpfkcn" ⁄" eqoq" q" ghgkvq" guvwhc." q" cswgekogpvq" inqdcn." c"
fgigpgtcèçq" fc" ecocfc" fg" q|õpkq" g" c" rqnwkèçq" fg" tkqu" g" octgu" ⁄." q" swcftq" fg"
kpuwuvgpvcdknkfcfg" uqekqewnvwtcn" g" geqpõokec" igtc" ckpfc" ocku" ghgkvqu" pqekxqu." eqoq" c"
etguegpvg"okitcèçq"rqrwncekqpcn."go"dwuec"fg"ognjqtgu"eqpfkèùgu"fg"xkfc."rctc"egpvtqu"
wtdcpqu"lâ"uwrgtnqvcfqu="q"cwogpvq"fc"eqpegpvtcèçq"fg"tgpfc"pcu"oçqu"fqu"ocku"tkequ"g"
q"cwogpvq"fc"okuêtkc"pqu"rcîugu"ocku"rqdtgu0"
Rtqewtcoqu"fgoqpuvtct"c"itcxkfcfg"fqu"rtqdngocu"cecttgvcfqu"rgnq"rtqitguuq"jwocpq"
pqu" ûnvkoqu" vgorqu." cuuko" eqoq" c" pgeguuâtkc" wtiípekc" pc" vqocfc" fg" fgekuùgu" rctc" q"
cxcpèq" pc" tguqnwèçq" fqu" oguoqu0" Qu" fcfqu" fgoqpuvtco" guvctoqu" pq" kpîekq" fg" woc"
etkug" codkgpvcn" fg" guecnc" rncpgvâtkc<" vqfqu" pôu" ugtgoqu" chgvcfqu" rqt" guugu" rtqdngocu."
38"
swg."swcpvq"ocku"vctfkcogpvg"eqodcvkfqu."ocku"itcxgu"ugtçq0"C"tgcnkfcfg"eqpuwokuvc"fq"
dgo/guvct" dcugcfq" pq" flswcpvq" ocku." ognjqt‚" guvâ" go" etkug." g" ecdg" cqu" swg" guvçq" pq"
rtgugpvg" c" vgpvcvkxc" fg" eqncdqtct" rctc" uwc" tguqnwèçq0" Ugiwpfq" q" guvwfq" Gzrnqtkpi" vjg"
Tqng"qh"Dwukpguu"vjtqwij"Xkukqp"4272."fq"YDEUF"*4223+."ug"eqpvkpwctoqu"pc"oguoc"
vtclgvôtkc" cvwcn" fg" eqpuwoq" fg" tgewtuqu" pcvwtcku." pgeguukvctgoqu." go" 4272." fg" fl4.5"
rncpgvcu"Vgttc‚"rctc"uwrtkt"pquucu"fgocpfcu"ocvgtkcku"g"gpgtiêvkecu0"
4050"Fgukip"rctc"c"Uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"
405030"Jkuvôtkeq"fq"ecorq"
Rctc"hkpu"fguvc"rguswkuc."fghkpktgoqu"fgukip"rctc"c"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"eqoq"›woc"rtâvkec"
fg" fgukip." gfwecèçq" g" rguswkuc" swg." fg" cniwoc" ocpgktc." eqpvtkdwk" rctc" q"
fgugpxqnxkogpvq"uwuvgpvâxgnfi"*XG\\QNK."4232."r0"67+0""
Qu" rtkogktqu" swguvkqpcogpvqu" cegtec" fqu" rtqdngocu" codkgpvcku" fgtkxcfqu" fktgvc" g"
kpfktgvcogpvg" fqu" rtqeguuqu" kpfwuvtkcku" eqogèctco" c" uwtikt" fg" hqtoc" ocku" gxkfgpvg" c"
rctvkt" fc" ugiwpfc" ogvcfg" fq" uêewnq" ZZ0" Kpkekcnogpvg." eqpxgtiktco" rctc" c" dwuec" fg"
uqnwèùgu"go"vqtpq"fg"rtqdngocu"codkgpvcku"lâ"go"ewtuq0"Guug"vkrq"fg"cdqtfcigo."hkeqw"
eqpjgekfc"eqoq"gpf/hq/rkrg."swg"vgpvcxc"okpkok|ct"qw"eqpvtqnct"fcpqu"codkgpvcku"ugo"
pgeguuctkcogpvg"fct"cvgpèçq"äu"ecwucu"igtcfqtcu"fguugu"rtqdngocu0""
Eqo" q" ceûownq" fg" eqpjgekogpvqu" pc" igtcèçq" fg" uqnwèùgu" fguvg" vkrq." cdtkw/ug" gurcèq"
rctc"cdqtfcigpu"fg"ewpjq"rtgxgpvkxq0"Qdugtxqw/ug"eqo"q"vgorq"swg"guugu"rtqdngocu"
equvwocxco" qeqttgt" rqt" floâu‚" fgekuùgu" go" hcugu" kpkekcku" fqu" rtqlgvqu." cu" swcku"
fgxgtkco"tgegdgt"cvgpèçq"rctc"swg"pçq"ug"vqtpcuugo"crgpcu"ogfkfcu"fg"tgewrgtcèçq"qw"
eqpvgpèçq" fg" fcpqu0" Xcng" tguucnvct"swg"cvê"jqlg"cdqtfcigpu"fq"vkrq" gpf/qh/rkrg"pwpec"
ecîtco"vqvcnogpvg"go"fguwuq0"
Q"ugiwpfq"oqogpvq"fg"kpvgtxgpèùgu"rctc"c"tgfwèçq"qw"eqpvtqng"fq"korcevq"codkgpvcn"
rqfg" ugt" fgpqokpcfq" flkpvgtxgpèùgu" fg" rtqeguuq‚0" Pgng." eqogèctco" c" ug" vqtpct" wo"
rcftçq" pc" kpfûuvtkc" cu" rguswkucu" fg" rtgxgpèçq" fg" fcpqu" codkgpvcku" g" c" wvknk|cèçq" fg"
vgepqnqikcu"ogpqu"rqnwgpvgu."fg"oqfq"c"gxkvct"qw"cvgpwct"c"rqnwkèçq"codkgpvcn"igtcfc"
rgnqu"rtqeguuqu"kpfwuvtkcku0"
Jkuvqtkecogpvg."fgufg"swg"c"swguvçq"codkgpvcn"crctgegw."fwtcpvg"c"ugiwpfc"
ogvcfg" fq" uêewnq" rcuucfq." c" hqtoc" fg" nkfct" eqo" qu" rtqdngocu" codkgpvcku"
owfqw"fg"woc"cdqtfcigo"gpf/qh/rkrg"rctc"cèùgu"ecfc"xg|"ocku"rcwvcfcu"pc"
rtgxgpèçq"*Kdkf."r067+0"
39"
C" vgtegktc" hcug" pqu" rtqeguuqu" fg" tgfwèçq" fq" korcevq" codkgpvcn" eqortggpfg"
kpvgtxgpèùgu" go" rtqfwvqu" g" ugtxkèqu0" Eqogèctco" c" ugt" gortgicfcu" ogvqfqnqikcu" fg"
rtqfwèçq" xqnvcfcu" cqu" rtqeguuqu" rtqfwvkxqu" eqoq" wo" vqfq." g" pçq" crgpcu" c" gngogpvqu"
rqpvwcku0"Rqfgoqu"tguwokt"guuc"cdqtfcigo"cvtcxêu"fc"rtâvkec"eqpjgekfc"eqoq"nkhg"e{eng"
fgukip3:0" Go" vqfcu" cu" hcugu" fg" rtqfwèçq." hc|/ug" wuq" fg" rtâvkecu" fg" rtqlgvq" eqo" c"
rtgqewrcèçq" rgtocpgpvg" fg" wvknk|ct" ocvgtkcku" ogpqu" rqnwgpvgu." ocku" hâegku" fg" ugtgo"
fguoqpvcfqu"g"qvkok|cfqu"go"hwvwtqu"rtqeguuqu"fg"tgekencigo"qw"tgcrtqxgkvcogpvq0"Fg"
hqtoc" igtcn." c" cdqtfcigo" rtqewtc" ngxct" go" eqpvc" c" swguvçq" codkgpvcn" fg" hqtoc"
kpvgitcfc" go" vqfcu" cu" hcugu" fg" rtqfwèçq0" Fg" ceqtfq" eqo" guuc" flhknquqhkc‚." qu" rtqfwvqu"
fgxgo"ugt"kpvgtrtgvcfqu"go"tgncèçq"cqu"hnwzqu"fg"ocvêtkc."gpgtikc"g"gokuuçq"fg"tguîfwqu"
go" vqfq" q" ugw" ekenq" fg" xkfc3;0" Q" qdlgvkxq"hkpcn" fc" cdqtfcigo" nkhg" e{eng" fgukip" ê" q" fg"
›tgfw|kt"c"ectic"codkgpvcn"cuuqekcfc"c"vqfq"q"ekenq"fg"xkfc"fg"wo"rtqfwvq"*OCP\KPK."
XG\\QNK."422:."r0"322+fi0""
OeFqpqwij"("Dtcwpictv."fqku"fqu"ockqtgu"gzrqgpvgu"fguuc"cdqtfcigo."rtqrwugtco"pq"
nkxtq"Etcfng"vq"Etcfng"woc"uêtkg"fg"eqpegkvqu42"swg"ug"vqtpctco"korqtvcpvgu"pçq"uô"rctc"
c" cdqtfcigo" fg" nkhg" e{eng" fgukip." ocu" rctc" q" rctcfkioc" fc" kpuwuvgpvcdknkfcfg" pqu"
oqfqu" fg" rtqfwèçq" g" eqpuwoq" eqoq" wo" vqfq" *OEFQPQWIJ" (" DTCWPICTV."
4222+0"
Ocku"tgegpvgogpvg."c"íphcug"pc"dwuec"fg"uqnwèùgu"ogpqu"rqnwgpvgu"rctc"qu"rtqeguuqu"fg"
rtqfwèçq"g"eqpuwoq"eqogèqw"c"ug"fgunqect"rctc"c"fkogpuçq"uqekqewnvwtcn"fq"rtqdngoc0"
Q" fgunqecogpvq" rquuwk" fqku" oqogpvqu" dgo" fghkpkfqu<" q" rtkogktq" vtcvc" fc" cdqtfcigo"
eqpjgekfc" eqoq" rtqfwev/ugtxkeg" u{uvgo." go" swg" rguswkucfqtgu" rtqrùgo" owfcpècu"
eqplwpvcu"pcu"hknquqhkcu"fg"rtqfwèçq"g"eqpuwoq"fqu"rtqfwvqu"kpfwuvtkcku0"Rguswkucfqtgu"
eqoq" Qmucpc" Oqpv" *4222+" chktoctco" swg" c" cvwcn" íphcug" pc" rquug" kpfkxkfwcn" fg"
rtqfwvqu"fgxgtkc"okitct"rctc"c"ucvkuhcèçq"fcu"pgeguukfcfgu"fqu"eqpuwokfqtgu0"Go"xg|"
fg" vgtoqu" uwrtkfc" c" pgeguukfcfg" fg" tqwrcu" nkorcu." eqo" ecfc" hcoînkc" rquuwkpfq" woc"
3:
" Ekenq" fg"xkfc" fg" wo"rtqfwvq<" vtqecu" gpvtg" q" codkgpvg" g"q" eqplwpvq"fg"rtqeguuqu"swg"ceqorcpjco"q"
flpcuekogpvq‚." flxkfc‚" g" floqtvg‚" fg" wo" rtqfwvq." qw" c" gpvtcfc." rgtocpípekc" g" ucîfc" fg" wo" rtqfwvq" fq"
ogtecfq"*OCP\KPK."XG\\QNK."422:."r0";3+0"
3;
"Fgufg"uwc"rtê/rtqfwèçq"cvê"q"ûnvkoq"vtcvcogpvq"fqu"ocvgtkcku"swg"eqorùg"q"rtqfwvq."crôu"q"ugw"wuq"g"
fguectvg"*OCP\KPK."XG\\QNK."422:."r0";3+0"
"
42
"Q"eqpegkvq"fg"fqype{enkpi="c"chktocèçq"fg"swg"cu"kpfûuvtkcu"go"igtcn"wvknk|co"woc"uêtkg"fg"ocvgtkcku"g"
uwduvãpekcu"fg"ghgkvq"fgueqpjgekfq"g"cvê"tgeqpjgekfcogpvg"pqekxqu"ä"xkfc"eqoq"wo"vqfq="c"chktocèçq"fg"
swg" eqo" cu" vgepqnqikcu" cvwcku" lâ" ê" rquuîxgn" ug" rtqfw|kt" go" guecnc" kpfwuvtkcn" woc" uêtkg" fg" rtqfwvqu" g"
eqorqpgpvgu"fg"hqtoc"flnkorc‚."ocu"swg"rctc"kuuq"gtc"pgeguuâtkq"ug"rgpuct"go"vqfq"q"ekenq"rtqfwvkxq"flfq"
|gtq‚="c"rtqrqukèçq"fc"cdqnkèçq"fq"eqpegkvq"fg"nkzq."gpvtg"qwvtqu0"
3:"
oâswkpc" fg" ncxct." vgtîcoqu" rtqlgvcfqu" ugtxkèqu" swg" rgtokvkuugo" c" ncxcigo" fg" tqwrcu"
go" guvcèùgu" eqorctvknjcfcu." qpfg" vqfqu" qu" ocvgtkcku" g" ugtxkèqu" eqorngogpvctgu"
*ugecigo" g" rcuucigo" fg" tqwrcu." rtqxkogpvq" fg" ucdçq" go" rô" g" cocekcpvgu+" hquugo"
fkurqpkdknk|cfqu" go" eqplwpvq0" Qw" uglc." go" xg|" fg" rtqlgvctoqu" pqxqu" oqfgnqu" fg"
oâswkpcu" fg" ncxct." rtqlgvctîcoqu" q" ugtxkèq" fg" ncxcigo0" Q" rtqfwev/ugtxkeg" u{uvgo" ê."
rqtvcpvq."woc"cdqtfcigo"swg"rtqrùg"woc"owfcpèc"tcfkecn"fg"hknquqhkc"pqu"ukuvgocu"fg"
rtqfwèçq" g" eqpuwoq." qpfg" guugu" ukuvgocu." cvwcnogpvg" dcugcfqu" pc" rquug" fg" ecfc" xg|"
ocku" rtqfwvqu" rctc" ucvkuhc|gt" äu" pgeguukfcfgu" kpfkxkfwcku." okitctkco" go" fktgèçq" c"
uqnwèùgu" fguocvgtkcnk|cfcu." ecrc|gu" fg" ucvkuhc|gt" guucu" oguocu" pgeguukfcfgu" *OQPV."
4222+0"
Q"ugiwpfq"oqogpvq"fguug"fgunqecogpvq"tgncekqpc/ug"c"korqtvãpekc"swg"c"eqowpkfcfg"
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cswk" ekvcfqu"xío"qdvgpfq"tguwnvcfqu"owkvq"ugognjcpvgu"swcpvq"ä"rqtegpvcigo"fg"nkzq"
tgeqnjkfc<"3'"rctc"c"Eqonwtd"g"fg"4'"rctc"q"Tgekenkp0"Cvtcxêu"fcu"xkukvcu"g"gpvtgxkuvcu"
45"
tgcnk|cfcu" vcpvq" pc" Eqonwtd" swcpvq" pc" ENKP." rquuq" kpfkect" swg" codqu" qu" rtqitcocu"
og"rctgegtco"ocku"fktgekqpcfqu"cvwcnogpvg"ä"ognjqtkc"fg"curgevqu"vêepkequ."guvtwvwtcku"
g"hkpcpegktqu"fq"swg"cq"cwogpvq"rtqrtkcogpvg"fkvq"fc"vczc"fg"rctvkekrcpvgu0"Go"qwvtcu"
rcncxtcu." codqu" qu" rtqitcocu" crctgpvco" pçq" guvctgo" ghgvkxcogpvg" rncpglcpfq" c"
gpvtcfc" fg" pqxqu" wuwâtkqu0" Jqlg." pgpjwo" fqu" fqku" qhgtgeg"swcnswgt" vkrq" fg" xcpvcigo"
rctc" wuwâtkqu" swg" ug" fkurqpjco" c" rctvkekrct" cnêo" fq" tgeqnjkogpvq" fqokeknkct" fq" nkzq0"
Ugiwpfq" pquuq" gpvgpfkogpvq" c" tgurgkvq" fguuc" swguvçq." fg" rqweq" cfkcpvc" rtqlgvct"
ukuvgocu" fg" eqngvc" ugngvkxc" eqo" ognjqtgu" gswkrcogpvqu." fkurqt" fg" hwpekqpâtkqu"
ecrcekvcfqu" g" kphtcguvtwvwtc" cfgswcfc" ug" c" ockqtkc" fc" rqrwncèçq" oguoq" cuuko" pçq" ug"
kpvgtguuct"go"rctvkekrct0"
Cq"rgpuctoqu"go"kpkekcvkxcu"g"rtqlgvqu"fg"tgfwèçq"fq"korcevq"codkgpvcn"crgpcu"c"rctvkt"
fq" rcrgn" fcu" kpfûuvtkcu." guvcoqu" cdqtfcpfq" c" swguvçq" fg" hqtoc" rctekcn." rqku" guvc" ê"
crgpcu"woc"fcu"rqpvcu"fg"woc"ecfgkc"kpuwuvgpvâxgn"fg"rtqfwèçq"g"eqpuwoq0"Dqc"rctvg"
fq" korcevq" codkgpvcn" igtcfq" rqt" guugu" rtqeguuqu" guvâ" gzcvcogpvg" pc" qwvtc" rqpvc" fq"
ekenq" fg" xkfc" fqu" dgpu" g" ugtxkèqu0" Rqt" guug" oqvkxq." vqtpc/ug" vcodêo" gurgekcnogpvg"
korqtvcpvg"c"eqpegpvtcèçq"fg"guhqtèqu"pc"rtqoqèçq"fc"rctvkekrcèçq"fc"uqekgfcfg"pguugu"
rtqeguuqu0"
Xkoqu" vcodêo" swg" fqku" fqu" rtqitcocu" fg" eqngvc" ugngvkxc" ocku" korqtvcpvgu" fq" guvcfq"
crtgugpvco" cvwcnogpvg" vczcu" fg" rctvkekrcèçq" fc" rqrwncèçq" rtcvkecogpvg" îphkocu0" Ug"
swkugtoqu" tgcnogpvg" vtcvct" c" swguvçq" fc" eqngvc" ugngvkxc" rctc" c" tgfwèçq" fq" korcevq"
codkgpvcn" fg" ocpgktc" ghkec|" fgxgoqu" rgpuct" pc" rtqoqèçq" fg" ogkqu" swg" cwogpvgo"
ftcuvkecogpvg"guugu"pûogtqu0"
405050"Kpqxcèçq"Uqekcn"rctc"c"Uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"
Ecokpjct" twoq" ä" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg" ê" q" eqpvtâtkq" fc" eqpugtxcèçq" *000+" c"
rtgugtxcèçq" g" c" tgigpgtcèçq" fg" pquuq" ecrkvcn" codkgpvcn" g" uqekcn" ukipkhkectâ"
lwuvcogpvg" tqorgt" eqo" cu" vgpfípekcu" fqokpcpvgu" go" vgtoqu" fg" guvknq" fg"
xkfc." rtqfwèçq" g" eqpuwoq." etkcpfq" g" gzrgtkogpvcpfq" pqxcu" rquukdknkfcfgu"
*OCP\KPK."422:."r037+0"
Uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg" pçq" ê" ukpõpkoq" fg" guvcipcèçq=" pçq" kornkec" go" eqpugtxcfqtkuoq" fg"
vêepkecu." rtâvkecu" g" kfgkcu0" Q" rtqeguuq" twoq" ä" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg" tgswgt." rgnq" eqpvtâtkq."
owfcpècu" fg" rquvwtc" g" cèùgu" kpqxcfqtcu" fq" rqpvq" fg" xkuvc" vêepkeq." geqpõokeq."
codkgpvcn"g"uqekqewnvwtcn0"
Xkoqu"cpvgtkqtogpvg"swg"fg"oqfq"c"ug"eqikvctgo"eqpetgvcogpvg"owfcpècu"fg"twoq"pqu"
oqfgnqu" kpuwuvgpvâxgku" fg" rtqfwèçq" g" eqpuwoq" ugtkc" pgeguuâtkq" swg" guvgu" cvkpikuugo"
46"
itcwu"fg"ghkekípekc"pc"wvknk|cèçq"fg"tgewtuqu"jqlg"vgepkecogpvg"korquuîxgku0"Rqtêo."pçq"
rqfgoqu." eqoq" uqekgfcfg." pqu" fct" cq" nwzq" fg" gurgtct" c" ejgicfc" fg" wo" flgnfqtcfq"
vêepkeq‚"swg"pqu"clwfg"c"vqoct"rtqxkfípekcu"pguug"ugpvkfq0"
C"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"tgswgt"woc"fgueqpvkpwkfcfg"ukuvíokec<"fg"woc"uqekgfcfg"
swg"eqpukfgtc"q"etguekogpvq"eqpvîpwq"fg"ugwu"pîxgku"fg"rtqfwèçq"g"eqpuwoq"
ocvgtkcn"eqoq"woc"eqpfkèçq"pqtocn"c"ucnwvct."fgxgoqu"pqu"oqxgt"pc"fktgèçq"
fg"woc"uqekgfcfg"ecrc|"fg"ug"fgugpxqnxgt"c"rctvkt"fc"tgfwèçq"fguvgu"pîxgku."
ukownvcpgcogpvg"ognjqtcpfq"c"swcnkfcfg"fg"vqfq"q"codkgpvg"uqekcn"g"hîukeq"
*Kdkf."r037+0"
Pçq" pqu" rctgeg" woc" qrèçq" xkâxgn" gurgtct" swg" qu" rtqeguuqu" fg" rtqfwèçq" g" eqpuwoq"
cvkplco" cnvqu" rcvcoctgu" fg" ghkekípekc." cvtcxêu" fc" ukorngu" ognjqtkc" kpetgogpvcn" fcu"
oguocu" dcugu." rtâvkecu" g" rtqeguuqu" cvwcnogpvg" wvknk|cfqu0" Pçq" ug" vtcvc" vcodêo" fg"
ukornguogpvg"ug"rtqrqt"fllqict"hqtc‚"vqfq"q"rtqitguuq"vêepkeq"fqu"ûnvkoqu"cpqu."ocu"guvâ"
dcuvcpvg" enctc" c" pgeguukfcfg" fg" dwuect" oqfqu" fkuvkpvqu" fqu" cvwcku" fg" ug" nkfct" eqo" c"
ukvwcèçq."go"fkxgtuqu"ecorqu"fq"eqpjgekogpvq0"
Pqu"rtôzkoqu"cpqu" ugtâ"rtgekuq" swg" cu"rguuqcu" uglco" ecrc|gu"fg" owfct" fg"
woc" uqekgfcfg" pc" swcn" q" dgo/guvct" g" c" swcnkfcfg" fg" xkfc" uçq" ogfkfqu" go"
vgtoqu"fg"etguekogpvq"fg"rtqfwèçq"g"eqpuwoq"ocvgtkcn."rctc"woc"uqekgfcfg"
pc" swcn" guvglcoqu" crvqu" c" xkxgt" ognjqt." eqpuwokpfq" owkvq" ogpqu"
*XG\\QNK."4232."r0"54+0"
C"eqowpkfcfg"fq"fgukip"rctc"c"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"eqortggpfg"ugt"kpuwhkekgpvg"xkuwcnk|ct"
c"swguvçq"fc"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"uqd"q"rqpvq"fg"xkuvc"crgpcu"fcu"kpqxcèùgu"vêepkecu0"Guug"
flqnjct‚" rctekcn" cecdc" fgkzcpfq" fgueqdgtvq" q" ncfq" uqekcn" fq" rtqdngoc." fcu" rguuqcu" swg"
ghgvkxcogpvg" hctçq" wuq" fqu" rtqfwvqu" g" ugtxkèqu" g" eqnqectçq" go" rtâvkec" qu" rtqeguuqu"
rtqfwvkxqu0" Cniwocu" fcu" nkpjcu" fg" rguswkuc" swg" guvwfco" kpqxcèùgu" uqekcku" eqo"
qdlgvkxqu" uwuvgpvâxgku" xío" vtcvcpfq" lwuvcogpvg" fguug" vkrq" fg" swguvçq<" eqoq" oqvkxct."
ecrcekvct"g"gorqfgtct"rguuqcu"c"dwuectgo"g"fgugpxqnxgtgo"uqnwèùgu"ocku"uwuvgpvâxgku0""
Igqhh"Ownicp"fghkpg"kpqxcèçq"uqekcn"eqoq"›pqxcu"kfgkcu"swg"hwpekqpco"go"tgurquvc"c"
pgeguukfcfgu" uqekcku" *Ownicp." 4228+fi0" Q" cwvqt" vcodêo" pqu" crtgugpvc" woc" fghkpkèçq"
ocku"hqtocn"rctc"q"oguoq"vgtoq<"
Cvkxkfcfgu" g" ugtxkèqu" kpqxcfqtgu." oqvkxcfqu" rgnq" qdlgvkxq" fg" ktgo" fg"
gpeqpvtq" c" pgeguukfcfgu" uqekcku." rtgfqokpcpvgogpvg" fgugpxqnxkfcu" g"
fkhwpfkfcu" cvtcxêu" fg" qticpk|cèùgu" swg" vío" eqoq" rtqrôukvqu" rtkoâtkqu"
curgevqu"uqekcku0""
Ugiwpfq"gng."cu"kpqxcèùgu"uqekcku"htgswgpvgogpvg"ug"ectcevgtk|co"rqt"ugtxkèqu"ecrc|gu"
fg"wvknk|ct"pqxqu"gngogpvqu"*vgqtkcu."ogvqfqnqikcu."rtâvkecu."hgttcogpvcu+."qw"tgcttcplct"
cpvkiqu" fg" hqtoc" kpqxcfqtc." vgpfq" eqoq" ogvc" rtkoâtkc" c" ucvkuhcèçq" fg" pgeguukfcfgu"
uqekcku"gurgeîhkecu0"Guugu"ugtxkèqu"wuwcnogpvg"uçq"rgpucfqu"g"eqnqecfqu"go"rtâvkec"fg"
47"
hqtoc"ownvkfkuekrnkpct."cvtcxguucpfq"htqpvgktcu"qticpk|cekqpcku."ugvqtkcku"g"fkuekrnkpctgu."
vtc|gpfq"eqoq"tguwnvcfq"q"hnqtguekogpvq"fg"pqxcu"tgncèùgu"qw"kpvgtcèùgu"uqekcku"gpvtg"
kpfkxîfwqu" g" itwrqu" cpvgtkqtogpvg" ugrctcfqu0" Guucu" pqxcu" tgncèùgu." rqt" uwc" xg|."
equvwoco" hqtvcngegt" xîpewnqu" uqekcku" g" oqvkxct" q" cwogpvq" fc" fkpãokec" gpvtg" ugwu"
ogodtqu."cdtkpfq"pqxcu"rquukdknkfcfgu"c"rctvkt"fcî0"Cvkxkfcfgu."rtqlgvqu"qw"ugtxkèqu"fg"
ectâvgt" uqekcnogpvg" kpqxcfqtgu." eqoq" xkoqu." vtc|go" c" rquukdknkfcfg" fg" cvgpfgt" äu"
pgeguukfcfgu"uqekcku"fg"pqxcu"hqtocu."gurgekcnogpvg"fktgekqpcfcu."wvknk|cpfq"eqpegkvqu"
g" hgttcogpvcu" swg" hceknkvco" guugu" rtqeguuqu" g" hqtvcngego" cu" tgncèùgu" gpvtg" ugwu"
ogodtqu0"
Q" eqpegkvq" fg" kpqxcèçq" uqekcn" ê" korqtvcpvg" rctc" c" eqowpkfcfg" fq" fgukip" rctc" c"
uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"lwuvcogpvg"rgnc"fkogpuçq"jwocpc."tghqtècpfq"c"korqtvãpekc"fg"rtqxgt"
cu" rguuqcu" fg" hgttcogpvcu" g" ecrcekfcfgu" swg" cu" rgtokvco" g" cu" kpegpvkxgo" c" ug"
qticpk|ctgo." c" hko" fg" swg" tguqnxco" ugwu" rtôrtkqu" rtqdngocu" eqo" uwcu" ecrcekfcfgu" g"
eqorgvípekcu0" C" kpqxcèçq" uqekcn" ê" woc" rtâvkec" eqo" c" kpvgpèçq" enctc" fg" fct" rqfgt" fg"
cèçq"g"fgekuçq"c"ugwu"wuwâtkqu0"
Ugiwpfq" G|kq" Ocp|kpk." swg" eqortggpfg" c" flkpqxcèçq" uqekcn‚" fg" oqfq" ugognjcpvg." q"
vgtoq" vtcvc" fg" owfcpècu" pc" ocpgktc" eqoq" rguuqcu." itwrqu" g" eqowpkfcfgu" cigo" rctc"
tguqnxgt"ugwu"rtqdngocu"qw"etkct"pqxcu"qrqtvwpkfcfgu"*OCP\KPK."422:+0"Hqk"qdugtxcfq"
rgnc" eqowpkfcfg" cecfíokec" swg" guug" vkrq" fg" kpqxcèçq" equvwoc" ugt" iwkcfq" ocku" rqt"
owfcpècu" fg" eqorqtvcogpvq" fq" swg" rgncu" fg" ewpjq" vêepkeq." cu" swcku" cecdco"
gogtikpfq" rtgfqokpcpvgogpvg" cvtcxêu" fg" rtqeguuqu" qticpk|cekqpcku" flfg" dckzq" rctc"
ekoc‚" go" fgvtkogpvq" fcu" flfg" ekoc" rctc" dckzq‚0" Kpqxcèùgu" uqekcku" equvwoco" ugt"
rtqoqxkfcu" rqt" rguuqcu" g" pçq" korquvcu" rqt" kpuvkvwkèùgu=" fkhwpfkfcu" cvtcxêu" fcu"
pgeguukfcfgu" g" fc" rgtegrèçq" rguuqcn" fg" ugwu" dgpghîekqu" g" pçq" fg" woc" qtkgpvcèçq"
gzvgtpc."korqukèùgu"qw"ngku0"
Cvtcxêu"fc"tgcnk|cèçq"fg"rguswkucu"pc"eqowpkfcfg"gwtqrgkc43"c"tgurgkvq"fqu"rtqeguuqu"
fg"kpqxcèçq"uqekcn."rõfg"ugt"xgtkhkecfq"pguvg"eqpvgzvq"swg"guugu"rtqeguuqu"vgpfgo"c"ug"
kpkekct"cvtcxêu"fc"rgtegrèçq."rqt"rctvg"fg"kpfkxîfwqu"qw"itwrqu"nqecku."fg"pgeguukfcfgu"
eqowpu."swg"rqfgtkco"ugt"tguqnxkfcu"cvtcxêu"fg"uwcu"rtôrtkcu"eqorgvípekcu."eqo"rqwec"
fgrgpfípekc"fg"hcvqtgu"gzvgtpqu0"Guug"itwrq."eqpugswgpvgogpvg."eqogèc"c"ug"qticpk|ct."
43
"Tgwpkfcu"go<""
LGIłW."Htcpèqku"("OCP\KPK."G|kq"*Gf0+."422:."Eqnncdqtcvkxg"ugtxkegu<"Uqekcn"kppqxcvkqp"cpf"fgukip"
hqt"uwuvckpcdknkv{."Oknçq<"RQNK0fgukip0"
OGTQPK."Cppc"*Gf+."4229."Etgcvkxg"eqoowpkvkgu<"Rgqrng"kpxgpvkpi"uwuvckpcdng"yc{u"qh"nkxkpi."Oknçq<"
RQNK0fgukip0"
48"
vtcdcnjcpfq"eqncdqtcvkxcogpvg0"Eqo"c"gzrgtkípekc"cfswktkfc."q"itwrq"vgpfg"c"ug"vqtpct"
wo"gortggpfkogpvq"uqekcn"fkhwuq"qw"kphqtocn."swg."cvtcxêu"fq"ceûownq"fg"gzrgtkípekcu."
rqfg"ecokpjct"rctc"ug"vqtpct"woc"qticpk|cèçq"eqncdqtcvkxc0"Guucu"fwcu"ûnvkocu"hqtocu"
fg" qticpk|cèçq" *gortggpfkogpvq" uqekcn" fkhwuq" g" qticpk|cèçq" eqncdqtcvkxc+" rqfgo" ugt"
encuukhkecfcu" go" vtíu" itwrqu<" ugtxkèqu" eqncdqtcvkxqu44" *pqxqu" vkrqu" fg" ugtxkèq" uqekcn+."
gortggpfkogpvqu" eqncdqtcvkxqu45" *oketqgortggpfkogpvqu+" g" ekfcfçqu" eqncdqtcvkxqu46"
*tgfgu"fg"rguuqcu"cvkxcu+0""
Godqtc" vcku" qticpk|cèùgu" rquuwco" fkxgtukhkecfqu" qdlgvkxqu" g" cvqtgu."
crtgugpvco"wo"vtcèq"eqowo"hwpfcogpvcn<"vqfcu"uçq"eqpuvkvwîfcu"rqt"itwrqu"
fg" kpfkxîfwqu" swg" eqncdqtco" gpvtg" uk" pc" eq/etkcèçq" fg" xcnqtgu" eqowogpvg"
tgeqpjgekfqu"g"eqorctvknjcfqu"*OCP\KPK."422:."r0"93+0"
Vqfq"q"rtqeguuq"flgxqnwvkxq‚"cekoc"fguetkvq"rqfg"ugt"eqortggpfkfq"eqoq"wo"okuvq"fg"
crtgpfk|cfq" g" rtâvkec." pq" swcn" wo" itwrq" fg" rguuqcu" oqnfc" q" rtqlgvq" eqphqtog" ugwu"
kpvgtguugu."eqorgvípekcu"g"pgeguukfcfgu"rctvkewnctgu<""
C" vtcpukèçq" twoq" ä" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg." gurgekhkecogpvg" c" oqfqu" fg" xkfc"
uwuvgpvâxgku." ugtâ" wo" rtqeguuq" fg" crtgpfk|cigo" uqekcn" ncticogpvg" fkhwuq0"
*000+" Wo" rcrgn" rctvkewnct" ugtâ" fgugorgpjcfq" rqt" woc" uêtkg" fg" kpkekcvkxcu"
nqecku"swg"ugtçq"ecfc"xg|"ocku"ecrc|gu"fg"tqorgt"qu"rcftùgu"eqpuqnkfcfqu"g"
pqu"iwkct"twoq"c"pqxqu"eqorqtvcogpvqu"g"oqfqu"fg"rgpuct"*Kdkf."r083+0"
Eqoq"chktoc"Ocp|kpk"*422:+."q"rtqeguuq"fg"kpqxcèçq"uqekcn"kornkec"woc"owfcpèc."go"
igtcn." fg" flfgpvtq" rctc" hqtc‚0" Pq" gpvcpvq." q" hcvq" fg" ugt" qtkgpvcfq" fguuc" hqtoc" pçq"
ukipkhkec" swg" guvg" rtqeguuq" pçq" rquuc" ugt" ecvcnkucfq." rtqoqxkfq" qw" hceknkvcfq0" Rctc"
ciktoqu" eqoq" cigpvgu" hceknkvcfqtgu" fqu" rtqeguuqu" fg" kpqxcèçq" uqekcn." pçq" rqfgoqu"
rgpuct" go" uqnwèùgu" rtqpvcu" g" flgorceqvcfcu‚0" Eqoq" fgukipgtu." pq" gpvcpvq." ê" rquuîxgn"
rgpuct"go"rncvchqtocu"qw"uqnwèùgu"swg"jcdknkvgo."rtqrkekgo"g"rtqoqxco"guug"vkrq"fg"
eqorqtvcogpvq" fg" twrvwtc" eqo" qu" oqfgnqu" cvwcku" fg" qticpk|cèçq" uqekcn." tgncekqpcfqu"
cqu" curgevqu" fg" rtqfwèçq" g" eqpuwoq0" Wo" fqu" rcrêku" rquuîxgku" rctc" q" fgukip" pguug"
rtqeguuq" vtcvc." rqtvcpvq." fg" fgugpxqnxgt" uqnwèùgu" swg" rtqoqxco."hceknkvgo" g"oqvkxgo"
cu"rguuqcu"c"ug"qticpk|ctgo."c"kpqxctgo"g"c"ecokpjctgo"go"fktgèçq"ä"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0"
44
"Ugtxkèqu"go"swg"qu"wuwâtkqu"hkpcku"guvçq"cvkxcogpvg"gpxqnxkfqu."cuuwokpfq"q"rcrgn"fg"eqrtqlgvkuvcu"g"
eqrtqfwvqtgu"fq"ugtxkèq"*OCP\KPK."422:."r0"92/93+0"
"
45
" Gortggpfkogpvqu" fg" rtqfwèçq" qw" kpkekcvkxcu" fg" ugtxkèq" swg" hqogpvco" pqxqu" oqfgnqu" fg" cvkxkfcfgu"
nqecku." cvtcxêu" fg" tgncèçq" fktgvc" gpvtg" rtqfwvqtgu" g" wuwâtkqu." guvgu" ûnvkoqu" cecdco" ug" vqtpcpfq"
eqrtqfwvqtgu"*Kdkf."r0"93+0"
"
46
"Itwrqu"fg"rguuqcu"swg."eqncdqtcvkxcogpvg."tguqnxgo"rtqdngocu"qw"fgueqdtgo"pqxcu"ocpgktcu"fg"nkfct"
eqo"swguvùgu"fg"ugw"kpvgtguug"*Kdkf."r0"93+0"
49"
Woc" fcu" rtqdngoâvkecu" kpgtgpvgu" äu" kpqxcèùgu" uqekcku" rctc" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg" ê" c" uwc"
flfgrgpfípekc‚"go"tgncèçq"c"kpkekcvkxcu"rguuqcku"fg"ugwu"rctvkekrcpvgu0"Xkxgoqu"go"wo"
owpfq" tgrngvq" fg" eqpxgpkípekcu." ugtxkèqu" cwvqocvk|cfqu" g" rtqfwvqu" swg" rctgego" pqu"
clwfct" c" hc|gt" eqo" ocku" hceknkfcfg" g" ogpqu" guhqtèq" vwfq" fg" swg" pgeguukvcoqu0" Pq"
gpvcpvq."guucu"rtâvkecu"ecokpjco"go"fktgèçq"vqvcnogpvg"qrquvc"ä"fc"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg<""
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fg"eqpuwoq"*OCP\KPK."XG\\QNK."422:."r087+0"
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cegkvqu" uqekcn" g" ewnvwtcnogpvg0" Pçq" pqu" rctgeg" rquuîxgn" ukornguogpvg" gurgtct" swg" cu"
rguuqcu"owfgo"jâdkvqu"jâ"owkvq"cfswktkfqu"g"cegkvqu"eqoq"rcftùgu"c"ugtgo"ugiwkfqu"
go"rtqn"fg"rtqlgvqu"swg"pçq"gzgtego"crgnq"uqdtg"gncu."pçq"uçq"ecrc|gu"fg"rtqxí/ncu"fg"
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rqtvcpvq."rtqrqt"uqnwèùgu"swg"crtgugpvgo"woc"cnvc"swcnkfcfg"codkgpvcn"pçq"
rqfg" rtguekpfkt" fq" swcpvq." g" eqoq." gncu" uglco" uqekcn" g" ewnvwtcnogpvg"
cegkvâxgku"*Kdkf."r0"3;/42+0"
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52"
knôikeq"eqpukfgtct"eqoq"uqnwèùgu"uwuvgpvâxgku"dgpu"qw"ugtxkèqu"swg"woc"okpqtkc"swgktc"
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⁄"rqt"ocku"swg"guvg"uglc"q"gkzq"egpvtcn"fq"rctcfkioc"fc"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"⁄"qw"ckpfc."cq"
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*OCP\KPK."422:."r0"74+0"
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53"
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ekfcfgu"eqo"cnvq"pîxgn"fg"KFJ48."eqoq"PkvgtôkA"
Go"ukvwcèùgu"eqoq"guvcu."xkxkfcu"pc"tgikçq"ogvtqrqnkvcpc"fq"Tkq"fg"Lcpgktq."rqfgoqu"
pqvct" q" swçq" kpuwhkekgpvg" rctgeg" ugt" uqnkekvctoqu" c" eqncdqtcèçq" fc" rqrwncèçq" go"
kpkekcvkxcu" g" rtqlgvqu" swg" ukornguogpvg" pçq" gzkuvgo." pçq" hwpekqpco" fg" hqtoc"
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eqncdqtcfqtgu0"
Q" ognjqt" oqfq" fg" ugiwkt" pq" ecokpjq" fc" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg" ê" cswgng" go" swg"
ecfc"kpfkxîfwq"hcèc"gueqnjcu"swg"vcodêo"uglco"cu"ocku"eqorcvîxgku"eqo"cu"
pgeguukfcfgu" codkgpvcku0" Rctc" kuuq" ê" pgeguuâtkq" swg" *3+" qu" kpfkxîfwqu" g" cu"
eqowpkfcfgu" vgpjco" hggfdcemu" codkgpvcku" eqttgvqu=" *4+" swg" c" guvgu" uglco"
qhgtgekfcu"cnvgtpcvkxcu"uqekcnogpvg"cegkvâxgku"g"hcxqtâxgku"cq"ogkq"codkgpvg="
*5+"Swg"ug"fgugpxqnxc"woc"ewnvwtc"cfgswcfc"rctc"kpvgtrtgvct"guugu"hggfdcemu"
eqttgvcogpvg" g" rctc" tgeqpjgegt" q" xcnqt" fcu" cnvgtpcvkxcu" rtqrquvcu"
*OCP\KPK."XG\\QNK."422:."riu0"87/88+0"
Eqoq" gpvçq" rtqoqxgt."oqvkxct" g" tgeqorgpuct"c"rctvkekrcèçq"fcu"rguuqcu"go"rtqlgvqu"
uwuvgpvâxgku."fg"oqfq"swg"dwuswgo"gurqpvcpgcogpvg"*cniq"swg"jqlg"uô"qeqttg"eqo"woc"
rgswgpc"rctegnc"fc"rqrwncèçq+"hc|gt"rctvg"fguugu"rtqlgvquA"C"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg."rctc"ugt"
cegkvc." fgxg" ugt" fguglcfc" g" fguglâxgn0" Cvtcxêu" fg" swg" cnvgtpcvkxcu" rqfgoqu" eqpvtkdwkt"
eqo"guucu"swguvùguA"
47
" Q" gzgornq" fc" gortguc" Dctecu" U1C" ê" godngoâvkeq" pq" swg" vcpig" c" wvknk|cèçq" fg" dkekengvcu" pqu"
vtcpurqtvgu" rûdnkequ0" Cvwcnogpvg" c" gortguc" eqdtc" cqu" ekenkuvcu" q" xcnqt" fg" T&" 6.92" rqt" flgzeguuq" fg"
dcicigo‚."ocku"q"xcnqt"fc"rcuucigo."fg"cvwcnogpvg"T&"6.72"*qw"T&"5.32"eqo"q"flDknjgvg"ðpkeq‚+."rctc"c"
wvknk|cèçq"fq"ugtxkèq"fg"vtcxguukc"fc"ekfcfg"fg"Pkvgtôk"rctc"q"Tkq"fg"Lcpgktq"g"xkeg/xgtuc."fwtcpvg"qu"fkcu"
fg"ugocpc0"Guug"xcnqt."eqpukfgtcfq"pq"vtclgvq"fg"kfc"g"xqnvc."rqfg"ejgict"c"kpxkâxgku"T&"3:.62"rqt"fkc"fg"
wvknk|cèçq"fq"ugtxkèq0"Q"Okpkuvêtkq"Rûdnkeq"lâ"qtfgpqw"swg"guuc"eqdtcpèc"hquug"gzvkpvc."ocu"c"Dctecu"U1C"
eqpvkpwc"tgeqttgpfq"pc"lwuvkèc"g."gpswcpvq"kuuq."ugiwg"eqdtcpfq"qu"xcnqtgu"crqpvcfqu"cekoc0"Lâ"pq"ecuq"
fq"Ogvtõ"fq"Tkq"fg"Lcpgktq."c"gortguc"ukornguogpvg"pçq"rgtokvg"c"wvknk|cèçq"fq"ugtxkèq"fwtcpvg"qu"fkcu"
fg"ugocpc."nkdgtcpfq"q"ceguuq"uqogpvg"cqu"hkpu"fg"ugocpc0"
"
48
"¯pfkeg"fg"Fgugpxqnxkogpvq"Jwocpq0"
54"
4070"Rtqrqukèçq"fc"rguswkuc<"c"eqpvtkdwkèçq"fq"icog"fgukip"
407030"Rtqrqukèçq"fc"rguswkuc"
Rtqrqoqu" pguvc" fkuugtvcèçq" kpxguvkict" ocpgktcu" fg" eqpvtkdwkt" eqo" c" swguvçq" fc" dckzc"
rctvkekrcèçq"go"rtqlgvqu"qtkgpvcfqu"ä"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg."wvknk|cpfq"eqpegkvqu"qtkwpfqu"pq"
ecorq"fq"icog"fgukip"tgncekqpcfqu"ä"oqvkxcèçq."gpiclcogpvq."rtc|gt"g"tgeqorgpuc."fg"
oqfq"swg"guvgu"rquuco"ugt"wvknk|cfqu"eqo"q"rtqrôukvq"fg"vqtpct"cu"gzrgtkípekcu"fg"wuq"
fguugu"rtqlgvqu"ocku"cvtcgpvgu."ocku"oqvkxcfqtcu"g"ocku"tgeqorgpucfqtcu"uqd"q"rqpvq"
fg" xkuvc" fqu" wuwâtkqu0" Go" uîpvgug." rguswkuctgoqu" ocpgktcu" fg" oqvkxct" cu" rguuqcu" c"
rctvkekrctgo"ocku"cvkxcogpvg"fg"rtâvkecu"uwuvgpvâxgku"cvtcxêu"fc"wvknk|cèçq"fg"eqpegkvqu"
qtkwpfqu"fq"icog"fgukip0"
407040"Rqt"swg"q"Icog"FgukipA"
Fg"oqfq"uwekpvq."rqfg/ug"fk|gt"swg"q"icog"fgukip"ê"c"fkuekrnkpc"swg"rtqewtc"rguswkuct"
g" eqortggpfgt" eqoq" qu" lqiqu" uçq" hgkvqu0" Cpvgu" fg" ugt" woc" rtqhkuuçq" cvwcnogpvg"
tgeqpjgekfc" g" fguglcfc." q" icog" fgukip" ê" woc" rtâvkec" swg" ukornguogpvg" kpvgpekqpc"
rtqlgvct"lqiqu0"Cvê"q"kpîekq"fc"gtc"fqu"lqiqu"gngvtõpkequ."gtc"woc"rtqhkuuçq"rtcvkecogpvg"
kpgzkuvgpvg0" Qu" lqiqu" pçq" gtco" etkcfqu" rqt" flicog" fgukipgtu‚" rtqrtkcogpvg" fkvqu." ocu"
rqt"fgukipgtu."etkcfqtgu"fg"dtkpswgfqu"qw"ukornguogpvg"rqt"cniwêo"eqo"woc"dqc"kfgkc."
ecrcekfcfg"g"xqpvcfg"fg"gzgewvâ/nc0""
Guvg"swcftq"eqogèqw"c"owfct"eqo"q"cfxgpvq"fqu"xkfgqicogu"g"ugw"itcpfg"uweguuq"go"
vgtoqu" eqogtekcku" g" ewnvwtcku0" C" rctvkt" fq" fldqqo‚" fqu" xkfgqicogu." wo" flgequukuvgoc‚"
cecfíokeq" g" rtqhkuukqpcn" eqogèqw" c" ug" hqtoct" go" vqtpq" fq" ogtecfq" fqu" lqiqu"
gngvtõpkequ0" Rqfgoqu" guswgocvk|ct" guug" etguekogpvq" fc" ugiwkpvg" ocpgktc<" q" crgnq"
eqogtekcn" fqu" lqiqu" gngvtõpkequ" hg|" eqo" swg" qu" lqicfqtgu" fguglcuugo" ugiwkt" ecttgktc"
gpxqnxkfqu" fg" cniwoc" hqtoc" eqo" guug" wpkxgtuq." uglc" pc" rtqfwèçq" *rtqitcocèçq."
gpigpjctkc" fg" uqhvyctg" g" jctfyctg." tqvgktk|cèçq." fgukip." ctvg+." eqortggpuçq"
*eqpjgekogpvq" cecfíokeq." cpânkugu" lqtpcnîuvkecu." hknquqhkc" g" ewnvwtc" fqu" lqiqu+."
rtqoqèçq"*xgpfc."rwdnkekfcfg."octmgvkpi."gpvtgvgpkogpvq+"qw"go"qwvtcu"rquukdknkfcfgu"
fkxgtucu0" Pguug" rtqeguuq." q" uweguuq" fqu" lqiqu" gngvtõpkequ" hqk" hqtocpfq"
rtqitguukxcogpvg"woc"ocuuc"cecfíokec"g"rtqhkuukqpcn"fg"gurgekcnkuvcu"go"lqiqu0"Jqlg."
c"flocuuc‚"eqpvkpwc"c"ug"kpurktct"g"ug"cnkogpvct"fg"hqtoc"oûvwc<"qu"icog"fgukipgtu"etkco"
qu"lqiqu."cu"rguuqcu"lqico"qu"lqiqu"*g"hc|go"fguvg"q"ockqt"ogtecfq"fg"gpvtgvgpkogpvq"
55"
fc" cvwcnkfcfg+" g" qu" cecfíokequ" guvwfco" qu" lqiqu" *hqtpgegpfq" etguegpvg" dcug" vgôtkec"
rctc"q"ogtecfq"fg"rtqfwèçq+0"
Qu" icog" fgukipgtu." cvtcxêu" fg" rguswkucu" rtkpekrcnogpvg" qtkwpfcu" fg" ecorqu" fq"
eqpjgekogpvq" eqoq" c" rukeqnqikc." c" cpvtqrqnqikc" g" q" rtôrtkq" fgukip." cewownctco" pcu"
ûnvkocu" fwcu" qw" vtíu" fêecfcu" eqpjgekogpvq" swg" njgu" rgtokvktco" eqortggpfgt" ognjqt"
curgevqu" tgncekqpcfqu" ä" oqvkxcèçq." cq" rtc|gt." cq" gpiclcogpvq" g" ä" tgeqorgpuc" fqu"
lqicfqtgu"*UEJGNN."422:+0""
C" rukeqnqikc" eqpvtkdwkw" rctvkewnctogpvg" eqo" cu" rguswkucu" *igtcnogpvg" dgjcxkqtkuvcu" g"
hgpqogpqnqikuvcu+"swg"vgpvctco"eqortggpfgt"qu"ogecpkuoqu"ogpvcku"ecrc|gu"fg"nkdgtct"
ugpucèùgu"eqoq"rtc|gt."cvgpèçq."htwuvtcèçq."ogfq."eqpvtqng."tgeqorgpuc."gpvtg"qwvtcu0"C"
cpvtqrqnqikc."rqt"uwc"xg|."eqpvtkdwkw"rtkpekrcnogpvg"go"uwc"vgpvcvkxc"fg"eqortggpfgt"q"
jqogo" cvtcxêu" fg" curgevqu" uqekcku" g" ewnvwtcku0" Rqt" ûnvkoq." q" fgukip" eqpvtkdwkw" eqo" q"
gpvgpfkogpvq" fg" eqoq" rtqlgvct" rtkxkngikcpfq" qu" wuwâtkqu" g" uwcu" gzrgtkípekcu." qw." go"
ûnvkoc" kpuvãpekc." eqoq" ucvkuhc|gt" cu" rguuqcu" cvtcxêu" fg" uwc" kpvgtcèçq" eqo" q" owpfq"
rtqlgvcfq"rgnq"jqogo"*Kdkf."422:+0"
Vqfqu"qu"ukuvgocu"pgwtqnôikequ"g"rukeqnôikequ"swg"hwpfcogpvco"c"ugpucèçq"
fg" hgnkekfcfg" ⁄" pquuqu" ukuvgocu" fg" cngtvc" g" oqvkxcèçq" g" pquuqu" egpvtqu" fg"
tgeqorgpuc." goqèçq" g" ogoôtkc"⁄"uçq" rngpcogpvg" cvkxcfqu"rgncu" cvkxkfcfgu"
fg"lqiq0"*OEIQPKICN."4233."r0"4:+"
Q" kpvwkvq" fguug" eqpjgekogpvq" ownvkfkuekrnkpct" rctc" q" ecorq" fq" icog" fgukip." cvê"
tgegpvgogpvg" hqk" swcug" uqogpvg" q" fg" fgueqdtkt" eqoq" rtqlgvct" lqiqu" ecfc" xg|" ocku"
rtc|gtququ." ecvkxcpvgu" g" octecpvgu" rctc" qu" lqicfqtgu0" Pq" gpvcpvq." rtkpekrcnogpvg" fg"
4222" rctc" eâ." uwc" wvknk|cèçq" ug" fkxgtukhkeqw" g" eqogèqw" c" ugt" crnkecfc" eqo" uweguuq"
vcodêo" go" rtqlgvqu" hqtc" fq" wpkxgtuq" fqu" lqiqu490" Rguswkucfqtgu" g" rtqhkuukqpcku"
eqpuvcvctco" swg" guugu" rtkpeîrkqu" rqfgtkco" ugt" crnkecfqu" vcodêo" go" cèùgu" g" ugtxkèqu"
hqtc" fqu" lqiqu0" Qu" rtkpeîrkqu" wvknk|cfqu." dcugcfqu" rtkpekrcnogpvg" pc" rukeqnqikc."
cpvtqrqnqikc" g" fgukip." pcfc" ocku" uçq" swg" rtkpeîrkqu" qtkwpfqu" fc" pquuc" eqpfkèçq"
49
"Guucu"cdqtfcigpu"hqtc"fq"gueqrq"fqu"lqiqu"qeqttgo"fg"fwcu"ocpgktcu0"Cniwocu"vgpvco"vqtpct"curgevqu"
fg" cniwoc" cvkxkfcfg" gurgeîhkec" guvtwvwtcnogpvg" ocku" ugognjcpvgu" c" wo" lqiq" *eqoq" pqu" Lqiqu" fg"
Ukowncèçq." pq" Pgy" Icogu" Oqxgogpv." pqu" Lqiqu" Gfwecekqpcku" g" pqu" Ugtkqwu" Icogu+0" Qwvtcu"
*Icoguvqtokpi." Hwpyctg." Icokh{." Icokhkecvkqp." Ukuvgocu" fg" Oknjcigo+" vgpvco" wvknk|ct" eqpegkvqu" g"
rtâvkecu."swg"hwpekqpco"fgpvtq"fqu"lqiqu"eqoq"gngogpvqu"oqvkxcekqpcku."go"cvkxkfcfgu"hqtc"fqu"lqiqu0"
Cvtcxêu" fq" ceûownq" fg" gzrgtkípekcu" pc" crnkecèçq" fguugu" eqpegkvqu." q" rtqeguuq" hqk" itcfcvkxcogpvg"
qeqttgpfq" fg" hqtoc" ocku" etîvkec." gurgeîhkec." fqewogpvcfc" g" qticpk|cfc0" C" ogvqfqnqikc" swg" ocku" ug"
crtqzkoc" fc" wvknk|cfc" go" pquuc" rguswkuc" ê" q" Icokhkecvkqp0" Cu" qwvtcu" rtâvkecu" ekvcfcu" hqtco" vcodêo"
cpcnkucfcu="rqtêo."pçq"oquvtctco"woc"chkpkfcfg"go"tgncèçq"cq"swg"rtqrùg"guug"rtqlgvq0"Xgtgoqu"ocku"c"
tgurgkvq" fq" Icokhkecvkqp" pc" rctvg" vtíu" fc" fkuugtvcèçq0" Pq" cpgzq" 3" rqfgoqu" xgt" cniwpu" gzgornqu" fc"
wvknk|cèçq"fguugu"eqpegkvqu"oqvkxcekqpcku"go"rtqlgvqu"hqtc"fq"gueqrq"fqu"lqiqu0"
56"
jwocpc0" Ug" hwpekqpcxco" pqu" lqiqu." pçq" jcxgtkc" pgpjwoc" tc|çq" rctc" etgt" swg" pçq"
rqfgtkco"cvwct"vcodêo"go"cvkxkfcfgu"hqtc"fgngu0"
Rctc"c"icog"fgukipgt"Lcpg"OeIqpkicn."cvtcxêu"fguug"eqpjgekogpvq"cewowncfq."qu"lqiqu"
ug" vqtpctco" ukuvgocu" ecrc|gu" fg" oqvkxct" curgevqu" rqukvkxqu" jwocpqu" fg" hqtoc" ocku"
ghkekgpvg"fq"swg"c"ockqtkc"fcu"cvkxkfcfgu"fc"xkfc"tgcn<"
Q" flowpfq" tgcn‚" ukornguogpvg" pçq" pqu" qhgtgeg" rtc|gtgu" ewkfcfqucogpvg"
rtqlgvcfqu." kpvgpuqu" fguchkqu" g" rquukdknkfcfgu" fg" etkcèçq" fg" xîpewnqu" uqekcku"
fc"ocpgktc"eqoq"qu"lqiqu"gngvtõpkequ"qhgtgego0"C"tgcnkfcfg"pçq"pqu"oqvkxc"
fg"oqfq"ghkec|0"C"tgcnkfcfg"pçq"ê"rtqlgvcfc"rctc"oczkok|ct"pquuq"rqvgpekcn0"
C"tgcnkfcfg"pçq"ê"kpgtgpvgogpvg"rtqlgvcfc"c"pqu"hc|gt"hgnk|gu"*Kdkf."r05+0"
Tgwpkoqu" cswk" qu" ugiwkpvgu" curgevqu" go" tgncèçq" ä" wvknk|cèçq" fg" eqpegkvqu" fg" icog"
fgukip"go"rtqlgvqu"hqtc"fq"gueqrq"fqu"lqiqu<"
30 C" crtqzkocèçq" pqu" rctgeg" cfgswcfc" cqu" eqpegkvqu" g" rtâvkecu" fghgpfkfcu" rgnq"
ecorq" fq" fgukip" rctc" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg." rqku" codqu" wvknk|co" q" fgukip" eqoq"
rtâvkec"fg"rtqlgvq0"Qw"uglc."jâ"woc"flnkpiwcigo‚"eqowo"gpvtg"codqu="
40 C" wvknk|cèçq" fg" eqpegkvqu" fg" icog" fgukip" ê" woc" crtqzkocèçq" swg" xgo"
ghgvkxcogpvg" qdvgpfq" uweguuq" go" cwogpvct" q" gpxqnxkogpvq" fqu" wuwâtkqu" pqu"
ugtxkèqu"go"swg"xío"ugpfq"korngogpvcfcu="
50 Vcn"crnkecèçq"xgo"ugpfq"tgcnk|cfc"vcodêo"eqo"uweguuq"eqogtekcn."vcpvq"rctc"cu"
gortgucu"gurgekcnk|cfcu"swg"crnkeco"guugu"eqpegkvqu"swcpvq"rctc"qu"enkgpvgu"swg"
eqpvtcvco"guug"vkrq"fg"ugtxkèq="
60 Ogvqfqnqikcu" eqoq" q" Icokhkecvkqp" xío" ug" vqtpcpfq" rtqitguukxcogpvg"
tgngxcpvgu" g" ug" qticpk|cpfq" rctc" ug" vqtpctgo" wo" ecorq" hqtocn" fg" rguswkuc" g"
crnkecèçq0"Eqoq"lâ"ogpekqpcfq."crgpcu"go"4233"hqtco"tgcnk|cfcu"fwcu"eûrwncu"
kpvgtpcekqpcku"eqo"gurgekcnkuvcu"g"gortggpfgfqtgu"fq"tcoq="
70 C" rtâvkec" pqu" rctgeg" dcuvcpvg" cfgswcfc" rctc" c" rtqrqukèçq" fg" rguswkuc0"
Swgtgoqu" oqvkxct" c" rctvkekrcèçq" fcu" rguuqcu" go" rtqlgvqu" uwuvgpvâxgku" cvtcxêu"
fg" oqfkhkecèùgu" pcu" lqtpcfcu" fg" wuq" swg" rtkxkngikgo" g" tgeqorgpugo" guucu"
rguuqcu="
Vqfqu" guugu" gngogpvqu" tgwpkfqu" pqu" ngxco" c" etgt" swg" qu" eqpegkvqu" fg" icog" fgukip"
rqfgo" ugt" crtqxgkvcfqu" vcodêo" rctc" oqvkxct" g" gpiclct" rguuqcu" c" rctvkekrctgo" fg"
kpkekcvkxcu" qtkgpvcfcu" ä" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0" Xgtgoqu" eqoq" guugu" eqpegkvqu" rqfgo"
ghgvkxcogpvg"eqpvtkdwkt"eqo"cu"swguvùgu"ngxcpvcfcu"pc"rtôzkoc"rctvg"fc"fkuugtvcèçq0""
57"
50"Icog"Fgukip"
5030"Nwfqnqikc"g"Icog"Fgukip"
503030"Kpvtqfwèçq"ä"Nwfqnqikc""
C" nwfqnqikc" ê" c" fkuekrnkpc" cecfíokec" swg" guvwfc" qu" lqiqu" *HTCUEC." 4223+0" Uwc"
cdqtfcigo" ownvkfkuekrnkpct" citgic" eqpegkvqu" fg" ecorqu" fq" eqpjgekogpvq" eqoq"
cpvtqrqnqikc." rukeqnqikc." uqekqnqikc." fgukip." ctvgu." ekípekcu" ocvgoâvkecu." geqpqokc."
gpvtg" qwvtqu0" Kpvgtpcekqpcnogpvg." c" nwfqnqikc" ê" ocku" eqpjgekfc" rgnq" vgtoq" Icog"
Uvwfkgu." ocu" rqfg" ckpfc" ugt" fgpqokpcfc" Nwfqnqi{" qw." ocku" tgegpvgogpvg." Icokpi"
Vjgqt{4:0"Q"qdlgvkxq"egpvtcn"fc"nwfqnqikc."ugiwpfq"Htcuec."ê"q"fg"eqortggpfgt"qu"lqiqu"
*kpenwkpfq"cswk"qu"gngvtõpkequ+."vcpvq"fg"oqfq"hqtocn"swcpvq"eqoq"oîfkc0"
Qu"lqiqu"eqogèctco"c"ugt"ghgvkxcogpvg"guvwfcfqu"eqo"xkêu"cecfíokeq"crgpcu"c"rctvkt"
fq"kpîekq"fq"uêewnq"ZZ0"Fwtcpvg"guug"rgtîqfq"kpkekcn."hqtco"rguswkucfqu"rtkpekrcnogpvg"
go" ecorqu" eqoq" jkuvôtkc" g" cpvtqrqnqikc." vgpfq" eqoq" rtkpekrcku" gzrqgpvgu" Lqjcp"
Jwk|kpic4;" g" Tqigt" Ecknnqku520" Jwk|kpic" *3;5:+" rtqewtqw" eqortggpfgt" qu" lqiqu" eqoq"
qdlgvqu"swg"cwzknkctkco"c"hqtocèçq"fg"curgevqu"ewnvwtcku"jwocpqu0"Q"cwvqt"kpvgitqw"q"
eqpegkvq"fg"lqiq"cq"fg"ewnvwtc."gpvgpfgpfq"swg"›q"lqiq"ê"hcvq"ocku"cpvkiq"swg"c"ewnvwtc."
rqku" guvc." oguoq" go" uwcu" fghkpkèùgu" ogpqu" tkiqtqucu." rtguuwrùg" ugortg" c" uqekgfcfg"
jwocpcfi" *JWK\KPIC." 3;5:." r0" 5+0" Tqigt" Ecknnqku" *3;7:+." rqt" uwc" xg|." rtqewtqw"
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"
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"
52
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qu" eqpegkvqu" fg" lqiq" g" fq" cvq" fg" lqiq0" Ecknnqku" ê" cwvqt" fg" Ocp." Rnc{" cpf" Icogu0" Q" rtôrtkq" cwvqt"
eqpukfgtc"ugw"guvwfq"woc"eqpvkpwcèçq"fq"vtcdcnjq"fg"Jwk|kpic0"
58"
503040"Qu"eqpegkvqu"fg"Lqiq"g"fc"Cvkxkfcfg"fg"Lqiq"
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kpvtqfwvôtkc"cu"fghkpkèùgu"wvknk|cfcu"rctc"eqortggpfí/nqu0""
Q"lqiq"g"c"cvkxkfcfg"fg"lqiq"pgo"ugortg"hqtco"eqpegkvwcfqu"fg"oqfq"fkuvkpvq0"Cniwpu"
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lqiqu<"
]Q"lqiq"ê_"woc"cvkxkfcfg"qw"qewrcèçq"xqnwpvâtkc."gzgtekfc"fgpvtq"fg"egtvqu"g"
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oguoq." ceqorcpjcfq" fg" wo" ugpvkogpvq" fg" vgpuçq" g" fg" cngitkc" g" fg" woc"
eqpuekípekc"fg"ugt"fkhgtgpvg"fc"flxkfc"swqvkfkcpc‚"*JWK\KPIC."3;5:."r055+0"
Xglcoqu"qu"vgtoqu"ejcxg"fc"fghkpkèçq"fg"Jwk|kpic<"
 Cvkxkfcfg"⁄"wo"lqiq"rtguuwrùg"cniwoc"gurêekg"fg"cvkxkfcfg="
 Xqnwpvctkgfcfg"⁄"c"fkurqpkdknk|cèçq"xqnwpvâtkc"ä"cvkxkfcfg"fg"lqiq"ê"wo"fg"ugwu"
rtê/tgswkukvqu0"Wo"lqiq"uô"rqfgtkc"ugt"lqicfq"fg"hqtoc"xqnwpvâtkc="
 Vgorqtcnkfcfg" ⁄" wo" lqiq" ug" kpkekc." ug" fgugpxqnxg" g" vgtokpc" fgpvtq" fg"
fgvgtokpcfqu"nkokvgu"fg"vgorq="
 Gurcekcnkfcfg" ⁄" wo" lqiq" ceqpvgeg" go" vgttgpqu" qw" gurcèqu" fgvgtokpcfqu" qw"
nkokvcfqu="
 Tgitcu" ⁄" wo" lqiq" fgxg" rquuwkt" tgitcu" nkxtgogpvg" eqpugpvkfcu." ocu" swg" fgxgo"
ugt" ugiwkfcu0" Cu" tgitcu" uçq" cu" guvtwvwtcu" hqtocku" swg" rgtokvgo" g" fgnkokvco" q"
hwpekqpcogpvq"fqu"lqiqu="
 Hkpcnkfcfg"⁄"wo"lqiq"fgxg"ugt"fqvcfq"fg"tc|ùgu."qdlgvkxqu"g"hkpu"kpvtîpugequ."swg"
qrgtco"kpfgrgpfgpvgogpvg"fq"flowpfq"tgcn‚="
 Ugpucèùgu"⁄"wo"lqiq"rtqxqec"ugpucèùgu"go"ugwu"rctvkekrcpvgu="
 Fkhgtgpvg" fc" xkfc" eqvkfkcpc" ⁄" eqpuekípekc" fg" ugt" fkhgtgpvg" fc" xkfc" swqvkfkcpc0"
Wo"lqiq"fgxg"qeqttgt"rctcngncogpvg"ä"tgcnkfcfg0"
59"
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xqnwpvâtkc" g" kpvtîpugec." rctcngnc" ä" tgcnkfcfg." fgrgpfgpvg" fg" tgitcu." gzgtekfc" go" wo"
fgvgtokpcfq" vgorq/gurcèq" g" ecrc|" fg" igtct" ugpucèùgu" go" ugwu" rctvkekrcpvgu0" Q" cwvqt"
pçq"ugrctc"fg"hqtoc"enctc"q"eqpegkvq"fg"lqiq"fq"fg"cvkxkfcfg"fg"lqiq0"Pq"gpvcpvq."uwc"
fghkpkèçq" lâ" ê" ecrc|" fg" ocrgct" cniwpu" eqorqpgpvgu" hwpfcogpvcku" fqu" lqiqu" eqoq"
cvkxkfcfgu"g"gpswcpvq"qdlgvqu0"
Tqigt" Ecknnqku" *3;7:+" vcodêo" pçq" cxcpèc" ukipkhkecvkxcogpvg" pq" eqpegkvq" fg" lqiq"
rtqrtkcogpvg" fkvq=" rqtêo." tgcnk|c" woc" cpânkug" rctvkewnct" fcu" cvkxkfcfgu" fg" lqiq"
nkigktcogpvg"fkuvkpvc"fc"fg"Jwk|kpic0"Rctc"Ecknnqku"*Kdkf."r0";/32+."woc"cvkxkfcfg"fg"lqiq"
ê"guugpekcnogpvg<"
 Nkxtg"⁄"q"lqiq"pçq"ê"wo"cvq"qdtkicvôtkq."g"uko"xqnwpvâtkq="
 Ugrctcfc"⁄"ektewpuetkvc"fgpvtq"fg"nkokvgu"gurcekcku"g"vgorqtcku"rtgfghkpkfqu="
 Kpegtvc"⁄"q"tguwnvcfq"pçq"rqfg"ugt"fgvgtokpcfq"cpvgu"fq"cvq"fg"lqict="
 Kortqfwvkxc" ⁄" pçq" igtc" pgpjwoc" gurêekg" fg" dgo" qw" tkswg|c." qw" pqxqu"
gngogpvqu"fg"swcnswgt"vkrq="
 Iqxgtpcfc" rqt" tgitcu" ⁄" q" lqiq" ugortg" ê" tgiwncfq" rqt" eqpxgpèùgu." swg"
uwurgpfgo"cu"ngku"eqowpu"fc"xkfc"eqvkfkcpc"g"cu"uwduvkvwgo"oqogpvcpgcogpvg"
rqt"qwvtcu="
 Wo"hc|"fg"eqpvc"⁄"ceqorcpjcfc"rgnc"eqpuekgpvk|cèçq"fg"woc"ugiwpfc"tgcnkfcfg"
qw"woc"kttgcnkfcfg"nkxtg."eqoq"swg"qrquvc"ä"xkfc"tgcn0"
Ugiwpfq" Ecknnqku." rqfg/ug" ectcevgtk|ct" c" cvkxkfcfg" fg" lqiq" eqoq<" nkxtg." kortqfwvkxc."
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eqpuvcvcèçq"fg"swg"qu"lqiqu"rquuwgo"gngogpvqu"fg"kpegtvg|c0""
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swcn"jâ"wo"eqphnkvq"gpvtg"hqtècu"eqphkpcfcu"rqt"tgitcu."fg"oqfq"c"rtqfw|kt"wo"tguwnvcfq"
53
" Dtkcp" Uwvvqp/Uokvj" ê" rtqxcxgnogpvg" q" ocku" korqtvcpvg" vgôtkeq" fqu" lqiqu" go" cvkxkfcfg0" Cwvqt" fg"
fg|gpcu" fg" nkxtqu" g" egpvgpcu" fg" ctvkiqu" cecfíokequ" uqdtg" qu" lqiqu." uwcu" rguswkucu" hqeco/ug"
rtkpekrcnogpvg"pc"vgpvcvkxc"fg"fgueqdtkt"c"korqtvãpekc"ewnvwtcn"fqu"lqiqu"rctc"c"xkfc"jwocpc0"
5:"
fgugswknkdtcfqfi"*CXGFQP."UWVVQP/UOKVJ."3;930"r0"627+0"Xglcoqu"ugwu"rtkpekrcku"
eqorqpgpvgu<"
 Gzgteîekq" fg" eqpvtqng" ⁄" qu" lqiqu" gpxqnxgo" cniwoc" hqtoc" fg" cvkxkfcfg" fg"
eqpvtqng="
 Ukuvgocu"⁄"lqiqu"rqfgo"ugt"eqortggpfkfqu"eqoq"ukuvgocu="
 Xqnwpvâtkq"⁄"qu"lqiqu"uçq"lqicfqu"rqt"xqpvcfg"rtôrtkc"fg"ugwu"rctvkekrcpvgu="
 Eqphnkvq"gpvtg"hqtècu"⁄"pqu"lqiqu"jâ"wo"eqphnkvq"gpvtg"qu"lqicfqtgu"rctvkekrcpvgu."
qw"gpvtg"qu"lqicfqtgu"g"q"ukuvgoc="
 Eqphkpcfc"rqt"tgitcu"⁄"qu"lqiqu"qrgtco"ugiwpfq"tgitcu="
 Tguwnvcfq"fgugswknkdtcfq"⁄"q"lqiq"vgtokpc"eqo"wo"tguwnvcfq"fkhgtgpvg"fcswgng"
go"swg"ug"kpkekqw0"
Go" vgtoqu" fg" pqxcu" kpvgtrtgvcèùgu" fkcpvg" fqu" eqpegkvqu" cpvgtkqtgu." Cxgfqp" g" Uwvvqp/
Uokvj"ogpekqpco"qu"lqiqu"eqoq"ukuvgocu"ecrc|gu"fg"rtqrkekct"wo"eqphnkvq"gpvtg"hqtècu"
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vcn"cvkxkfcfg0"*UWKVU."3;9:"r0"6:/6;+0"
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gpiclcogpvq="
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54
"Dgtpctf"Uwkvu"ê"rtqhguuqt"goêtkvq"fg"hknquqhkc"pc"wpkxgtukfcfg"fg"Ycvgtnqq"g"rguswkucfqt"tgpqocfq"pq"
ecorq" fc"hknquqhkc" fqu" lqiqu0" Pq" nkxtq"Vjg"Itcuujqrrgt<"Icogu."Nkhg" cpf"Wvqrkc." Uwkvu" pqu" crtgugpvc"
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5;"
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 Cegkvcèçq"fcu"tgitcu"⁄"cegkvcèçq"fcu"tgitcu"rqt"vqtpctgo"rquuîxgn"c"cvkxkfcfg"fq"
lqiq0"
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ctvkhkekcn=""
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wo" ukuvgoc" kpcvkxq" ugo" c" cèçq" fqu" lqicfqtgu." g" swg" crgpcu" rqfg" ugt" gzrgtkogpvcfq"
cvtcxêu"fq"ugw"nkxtg"eqpugpvkogpvq"g"fg"uwcu"cèùgu"xqnwpvâtkcu0"
OeIqpkicn" *4233+56" pçq" pqu" rtqrùg" woc" pqxc" fghkpkèçq" fg" lqiq" qw" fc" cvkxkfcfg" fg"
lqiq0" Gnc" wvknk|c" c" xgtuçq" fg" Uwkvu" *3;9:+" rctc" crtgugpvct" swcvtq" ectcevgtîuvkecu"
55
" Mcvkg" Ucngp" ê" icog" fgukipgt." fgukipgt" kpvgtcvkxc" g" rtqhguuqtc" fg" fgukip0" Gtke" \koogtocp" ê" icog"
fgukipgt" g" vgôtkeq" fqu" lqiqu." cnêo" fg" fktgvqt" gzgewvkxq" fc" gortguc" flicogNcd‚0" Codqu" ngekqpco" go"
wpkxgtukfcfgu"cogtkecpcu."vcku"eqoq"c"fq"Kpuvkvwvq"fg"Vgepqnqikc"fg"Ocuucejwugvvu"*OKV+0"
"
56
" Lcpg" OeIqpkicn" ê" fqwvqtc" go" Rgthqtocpeg" Uvwfkgu" rgnc" Wpkxgtukfcfg" fg" Dgtmgng{" g" fktgvqtc" go"
rguswkuc"g"fgugpxqnxkogpvq"fg"lqiqu"rgnq"Kpuvkvwvg"hqt"vjg"Hwvwtg0"Ö"gurgekcnkuvc"go"lqiqu"rgtxcukxqu"*swg"
gpxqnxgo" eqoq" gngogpvq" c" nqecnk|cèçq" fq" lqicfqt" go" codkgpvgu" fc" flxkfc" tgcn‚+" g" lqiqu" fg" tgcnkfcfgu"
63"
hwpfcogpvcku" swg" fghkpktkco" qu" lqiqu." qu" swcku" ugtkco" ecrc|gu" fg" gzrnkect" vqfqu" qu"
curgevqu" oqvkxcekqpcku." tgeqorgpucfqtgu" g" fkxgtvkfqu" c" tgurgkvq" fq" cvq" fg" lqiq"
*OEIQPKICN."4233."r0"44+0""
Ugiwpfq" OeIqpkicn." ug" tgvktâuugoqu" vqfcu" cu" fkhgtgpècu" gpvtg" qu" iípgtqu" fg" lqiqu"
*eqoq" lqiqu" fg" vcdwngktq." gurqtvgu." lqiqu" fg" c|ct." xkfgqicogu" gve0+" g" uwcu"
eqorngzkfcfgu" vgepqnôikecu." gngu" eqorctvknjctkco" cu" ugiwkpvgu" ectcevgtîuvkecu<"
qdlgvkxqu="ukuvgoc"fg"hggfdcem="tgitcu"g"pgeguukfcfg"fg"rctvkekrcèçq"xqnwpvâtkc"fg"ugwu"
wuwâtkqu"*Kdkf."r0"43+0"Cpcnkugoqu"qu"eqorqpgpvgu"crqpvcfqu"rqt"OeIqpkicn<""
 Qdlgvkxqu"⁄"tguwnvcfqu"gurgeîhkequ"swg"qu"lqicfqtgu"cnoglctkco"cvkpikt"go"woc"
cvkxkfcfg0" Hqectkco" c" cèçq" fqu" lqicfqtgu" g" eqpvkpwcogpvg" qtkgpvctkco" uwc"
rctvkekrcèçq"cvtcxêu"fq"lqiq."igtcpfq"wo"ugpuq"fg"rtqrôukvq="
 Tgitcu"⁄"korqtkco"nkokvcèùgu"go"vqtpq"fg"eqoq"qu"lqicfqtgu"rqfgtkco"cvkpikt"
qu" qdlgvkxqu" fg" lqiq0" Cq" ug" tgoqxgtgo" qu" oqfqu" ocku" ôdxkqu" fg" ug" ejgict"
fktgvcogpvg" c" wo" qdlgvkxq." cu" tgitcu" eqpfw|ktkco" qu" lqicfqtgu" c" gzrnqtctgo"
pqxcu" rquukdknkfcfgu." nkdgtcpfq" c" etkcvkxkfcfg" g" rtqoqxgpfq" q" rgpucogpvq"
guvtcvêikeq="
 Ukuvgoc" fg" tgvqtpq" qw" hggfdcem" ⁄" vgtkc" c" hwpèçq" fg" kphqtoct" cqu" lqicfqtgu" q"
swçq" rtôzkoqu" guvçq" fg" cvkpikt" ugw" qdlgvkxq0" Rqfg" ug" ectcevgtk|ct" pc" hqtoc" fg"
rqpvqu."pîxgku."rncectgu"qw"dcttcu"fg"ogfkèçq"fg"rtqitguuq0"Q"hggfdcem"hqtpgeg"
cqu"lqicfqtgu"ukpcku"fg"swg"q"qdlgvkxq"rqfg"*qw"pçq+"ugt"ghgvkxcogpvg"cnecpècfq."
g"oqvkxcèçq"rctc"swg"eqpvkpwgo"lqicpfq="
 Rctvkekrcèçq" xqnwpvâtkc" ⁄" tgswgt" swg" vqfqu" qu" lqicfqtgu" cegkvgo." fg" hqtoc"
gurqpvãpgc."cu"tgitcu."ugw"qdlgvkxq"g"hggfdcem0"Q"cvq"fg"lqiq"fgxg"ugt."go"ugw"
egtpg."woc"gzrgtkípekc"xqnwpvâtkc0"
Xglcoqu" eqoq" hkec" c" fkuvtkdwkèçq" fqu" rtkpekrcku" eqorqpgpvgu" fcu" fghkpkèùgu" fq" lqiq"
eqoq"qdlgvq"g"eqoq"cvkxkfcfg<"
"
"
cnvgtpcvkxcu" *gpxqnxgo" cèùgu" kpvgtcvkxcu" swg" wvknk|co" codkgpvgu" fq" flowpfq" tgcn‚+0" OeIqpkicn" vgpvc"
eqortggpfgt" eqoq" qu" lqiqu" rqfgo" rtqfw|kt" rcftùgu" fg" kpvgnkiípekc" eqngvkxc." g" eqoq" guugu" rcftùgu"
rqfgo"ugt"wvknk|cfqu"pq"flowpfq"tgcn‚0"
64"
Vcdgnc"3"/"Lqiq"eqoq"cvkxkfcfg"*fkuvtkdwkèçq"fqu"eqorqpgpvgu+"
Jogo como Atividade
Atividade
Incerta
Improdutiva
Intrínseca
Limites de Espaço
Limites de Tempo
Paralela à Realidade
Provoca Sensações
Sujeita a Regras
Voluntária/Livre
Huizinga
Caillois
X
Suits
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
"
Vcdgnc"4"/"Lqiq"eqoq"qdlgvq"*fkuvtkdwkèçq"fqu"eqorqpgpvgu+"
Jogo como Objeto
Artificial/Paralelo à Realidade
Conflito
Controle
Interação de Jogadores
Regras
Resultado/Objetivo/Feedback
Sistema
Voluntário
Avedon/Sutton-Smith
X
X
X
X
X
X
Salen & Zimmerman
McGonigal
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
"
Pc" vcdgnc" 3." vgoqu" cu" fghkpkèùgu" fg" Jwk|kpic" *3;5:+." Ecknnqku" *3;7:+" g" Uwkvu" *3;9:+"
wvknk|cfcu"rctc"ectcevgtk|ct"q"lqiq"gpswcpvq"cvkxkfcfg0"Cq"ukpvgvk|c/ncu."q"cvq"fg"lqiq"ê"
fghkpkfq" eqoq" woc" cvkxkfcfg" xqnwpvâtkc" g" kpegtvc." kortqfwvkxc." kpvtîpugec." nkokvcfc"
gurcekcn" g" vgorqtcnogpvg." rctcngnc" ä" tgcnkfcfg." swg" rtqxqec" ugpucèùgu" g" guvâ" uwlgkvc" ä"
tgitcu0" Vqoctgoqu." rqtêo." c" nkdgtfcfg" fg" wvknk|ct" guugu" eqorqpgpvgu" fg" hqtoc" c"
cfcrvâ/nqu" cq" swg" q" rtqlgvq" fg" rguswkuc" kpvgpekqpc0" Pçq" rtgvgpfgoqu" ewpjct" woc"
fghkpkèçq"rctvkewnct."ocu"wvknk|ct"qu"eqorqpgpvgu"ocku"cfgswcfqu"ä"pquuc"hkpcnkfcfg"fg"
rguswkuc0"Rtqrqoqu."rctc"hkpu"fguug"rtqlgvq."vtcvct"c"cvkxkfcfg"fg"lqiq"eqoq<"
Woc"cvkxkfcfg"xqnwpvâtkc"g"kpvtîpugec."swg"qrgtc"fg"oqfq"rctcngnq"ä"
tgcnkfcfg." fqvcfc" fg" wo" hko" rtgxkuîxgn." rqtêo" kpegtvq." nkokvcfc" g"
eqpvtqncfc" rqt" tgitcu." g" ecrc|" fg" rtqxqect" ugpucèùgu" cvtcxêu" fg"
gzrgtkípekcu0"
65"
Lâ" pc" vcdgnc" 4." vgoqu" cu" vtíu" fghkpkèùgu" fg" Cxgfqp" g" Uwvvqp/Uokvj" *3;93+." Ucngp" g"
\koogtocp" *4226+" g" OeIqpkicn" *4233+" wvknk|cfcu" rctc" ectcevgtk|ct" q" lqiq" gpswcpvq"
qdlgvq0" Cq"ukpvgvk|ctoqu"cu"fghkpkèùgu."fg"hqtoc"c"tgwpktgo"qu"eqorqpgpvgu"fguetkvqu"
rgncu" vtíu" qdtcu." q" lqiq" ê" fghkpkfq" eqoq" wo" ukuvgoc" rctc" c" kpvgtcèçq" xqnwpvâtkc" fg"
wuwâtkqu." tguqnxgpfq" wo" eqphnkvq" eqpvtqncfq" rqt" tgitcu" g" eqo" hkpcnkfcfgu" fghkpkfcu0"
Ocku"woc"xg|."wvknk|ctgoqu"guugu"eqorqpgpvgu"fg"oqfq"rctvkewnct."cfcrvcpfq/qu"cq"swg"
q"rtqlgvq"fg"rguswkuc"rtgvgpfg"ugo"crtgugpvct"woc"fghkpkèçq"rctvkewnct0"Pguug"ugpvkfq."
eqortggpfgtgoqu"qu"lqiqu"eqoq<"
Wo" ukuvgoc" rctc" c" kpvgtcèçq" xqnwpvâtkc." eqpvtqncfq" rqt" tgitcu."
dcugcfq"pc"tguqnwèçq"fg"rtqdngocu"fg"oqfq"nûfkeq0"
503050"Kpvtqfwèçq"cq"Icog"Fgukip"
Fg"ceqtfq"eqo"Ucngp"g"\koogtocp"*4226+."q"icog"fgukip"ê"c"cvkxkfcfg"swg"rtqlgvc"c"
fllqicdknkfcfg‚57"fg"wo"lqiq."eqpegdgpfq"g"rtqlgvcpfq"tgitcu"g"guvtwvwtcu"swg"tguwnvgo"
go" woc" gzrgtkípekc" ukipkhkecvkxc" *qw" swg" eqpvgpjc" ukipkhkec." ugpvkfq+" rctc" ugwu"
lqicfqtgu0" Q" qdlgvkxq" fq" icog" fgukip." rqtvcpvq." ugtkc" q" fg" etkct" flcvkxkfcfgu" fg" lqiq"
ukipkhkecvkxcu‚58"*Kdkf."4226."r0"55+."swg"gogtigo"cvtcxêu"fc"tgncèçq"gpvtg"cu"cèùgu"fg"
wo"lqicfqt"g"cu"tgurquvcu"swg"q"ukuvgoc"fg"lqiq"njg"hqtpgeg0"Q"ukipkhkecfq"fg"woc"cèçq"
go"wo"lqiq"tgukfg"pc"tgncèçq"⁄"ecrc|"fg"oqnfct"cu"gzrgtkípekcu"fg"lqiq"⁄"gpvtg"c"cèçq"
gzgewvcfc"g"c"tgurquvc"c"guuc"cèçq"*Kdkf."4226."r056."58+0"Rctc"qu"cwvqtgu."q"tgcn"fqoîpkq"
fq"icog"fgukip"ugtkc"c"guvêvkec"fqu"ukuvgocu"kpvgtcvkxqu0"
Lâ"q"fgukip"ugtkc"q"rtqeguuq"rgnq"swcn"wo"fgukipgt"etkctkc"wo"fgvgtokpcfq"eqpvgzvq"rctc"
ugt" gzrgtkogpvcfq" rqt" wo" rctvkekrcpvg." cvtcxêu" fq" swcn" cniwo" ukipkhkecfq" qw" ugpvkfq"
gogtig"fguug"eqpvgzvq59"*Kdkf."r0"63+0"Rtqlgvct"*pq"ugpvkfq"fq"xgtdq"flvq"fgukip‚+"ê"etkct"
ukipkhkecfq" qw" ugpvkfq" go" cniq" swg" clwfg" cu" rguuqcu" c" eqortggpfgtgo" q" owpfq" fg"
pqxcu" ocpgktcu" *Kdkf." r0" 68+0" Fguuc" hqtoc." q" icog" fgukipgt" ugtkc" q" rtqhkuukqpcn" swg"
rtqlgvctkc"cu"gzrgtkípekcu"fg"lqiq"*Kdkf."r0":9="UEJGNN."422:."r0"43+0"
Q"icog"fgukipgt"pçq"rtqlgvctkc"fktgvcogpvg"c"lqicdknkfcfg"qw"c"gzrgtkípekc"fg"wo"lqiq="
ocu"flcrgpcu‚"cu"guvtwvwtcu"g"eqpvgzvqu"pqu"swcku"cu"cvkxkfcfgu"fg"lqiq"g"cu"gzrgtkípekcu"
57
"Vtcfwèçq"nkxtg"fq"vgtoq"icogrnc{."go"kpiníu0"
"
58
"Ogcpkpihwn"rnc{."go"kpiníu0"
"
59
" Ekvcèçq" qtkikpcn." rctc" ognjqt" gpvgpfkogpvq<" ›Fgukip" ku" vjg" rtqeguu" d{" yjkej" c" fgukipgt" etgcvgu" c"
eqpvgzv"vq"dg"gpeqwpvgtgf"d{"c"rctvkekrcpv."htqo"yjkej"ogcpkpi"gogtigufi0"
66"
rqfgo" qeqttgt." kpfktgvcogpvg" oqnfcpfq" cu" cèùgu" fqu" lqicfqtgu." ugw" gurcèq" fg"
rquukdknkfcfgu." q" nqecn" qpfg" rqfgo" qeqttgt" g" qpfg" vqfqu" qu" rquuîxgku" ukipkhkecfqu"
rqfgo"gogtikt"*Kdkf."r0"89."UEJGNN."422:."r0"32+0"Ö"c"gzrnîekvc"kpvgtcèçq"fq"lqicfqt"
eqo"q"ukuvgoc"fg"lqiq"swg"rgtokvg"swg"guvg"ceqpvgèc"*Kdkf."r0"7:+0""
Fg" hqtoc" igtcn." rqtvcpvq." icog" fgukip" ê" q" cvq" fg" rtqlgvct" cu" gzrgtkípekcu" fg" lqiq" g"
icog"fgukipgt"ê"q"rtqhkuukqpcn"swg"gzgewvc"guuc"hwpèçq."rtqlgvcpfq"guucu"gzrgtkípekcu0"
5040"Eqpegkvqu"Oqvkxcekqpcku"fg"Icog"Fgukip"
504030"Kpvtqfwèçq"
Cvtcxêu"fcu"rguswkucu"tgcnk|cfcu"rctc"c"fkuugtvcèçq."qdugtxcoqu"swg"cu"gzrgtkípekcu"fg"
lqiq"rqfgo"igtct"woc"xctkgfcfg"fg"ugpucèùgu"rukeqnôikecu"rqukvkxcu."ecrc|gu."rqt"uwc"
xg|." fg" igtct" rtc|gt" g" oqvkxct" ugwu" wuwâtkqu0" Cniwpu" fqu" cwvqtgu" rguswkucfqu." eqoq"
xgtgoqu"cfkcpvg."ocrgctco"guugu"eqpegkvqu"fg"oqfq"c"eqortggpfgt"qu"ogecpkuoqu"fg"
rtc|gt" pqu" lqiqu0" Qwvtqu" hqtco" wo" rqweq" cnêo" g" vtcvctco" fg" gpvgpfgt" eqoq" guugu"
eqpegkvqu"rqfgtkco"ugt"wvknk|cfqu"rctc"oqvkxct"qu"lqicfqtgu0"C"ockqtkc"fqu"cwvqtgu."pq"
gpvcpvq."pçq"hg|"woc"fkuvkpèçq"enctc"gpvtg"q"swg"igtcxc"rtc|gt"g"q"swg"igtcxc"oqvkxcèçq"
pqu"lqiqu0"Ktgoqu"wvknk|ct"guug"vgtegktq"ecokpjq0"
Xcng"tgeqtfct"swg"pquuc"hkpcnkfcfg."cq"ocrgct"vcku"eqpegkvqu."ê"c"fg"eqortggpfgt"eqoq"
wvknk|â/nqu" go" rtqlgvqu" g" kpkekcvkxcu" qtkgpvcfcu" ä" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg." gurgekhkecogpvg" cu"
swg" nkfgo" eqo" swguvùgu" fktgvcogpvg" nkicfcu" cqu" curgevqu" fg" rtqfwèçq" g" eqpuwoq"
fkuewvkfqu" cpvgtkqtogpvg0" Qdlgvkxcoqu" guvwfct." cvtcxêu" fguuc" rguswkuc." eqpegkvqu"
rqvgpekcnogpvg" ecrc|gu" fg" rtqrkekct" gzrgtkípekcu" ocku" rtc|gtqucu" g" rctvkekrcvkxcu" cqu"
wuwâtkqu" fguugu" vkrqu" fg" kpkekcvkxcu0" Kpvgpekqpcoqu." go" ûnvkoc" kpuvãpekc." fkurqt" fg"
ogkqu"ecrc|gu"fg"gpiclct"cu"rguuqcu"c"rctvkekrctgo"xqnwpvctkcogpvg"fg"rtâvkecu"xqnvcfcu"
ä"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"eqoq"c"fgdcvgoqu"cswk0"
Cniwocu" cdqtfcigpu" ugognjcpvgu5:" lâ" hc|go" wuq" fg" eqpegkvqu" qtkwpfqu" fqu" lqiqu." go"
qwvtqu" vkrqu" fg" rtqlgvqu." rctc" igtct" gpiclcogpvq." cwogpvct" c" xgpfc" fg" rtqfwvqu" g"
ugtxkèqu"qw"eqpswkuvct"c"hkfgnkfcfg"fg"woc"enkgpvgnc0"Qwvtcu"ug"crtqzkoco"ckpfc"ocku"
fc" pquuc"rguswkuc" cq" crnkectgo"vcku"eqpegkvqu"fg"icog"fgukip"fg"oqfq"rctc"fltguqnxgt"
rtqdngocu" fc" xkfc" tgcn‚" *OEIQPKICN." 4233+0" Pquuc" cdqtfcigo" ugtâ" ugognjcpvg" äu"
ogpekqpcfcu."rqtêo"eqo"qdlgvkxqu"fkuvkpvqu<"gpeqpvtct"hqtocu"fg"fktgekqpct"cu"rguuqcu."
fg"oqfq"xqnwpvâtkq."c"cfqvct"eqorqtvcogpvqu"ocku"uwuvgpvâxgku0"Pguug"ugpvkfq."oguoq"
5:
"Eqoq"q"Icokhkecvkqp"g"q"Hwpyctg0"
67"
vgpfq" ekípekc" fg" swg" gzkuvgo" ogvqfqnqikcu." lâ" rtqpvcu." ugognjcpvgu" äu" swg" guvcoqu"
fgugpxqnxgpfq."ugpvkoqu"c"pgeguukfcfg"fg"tgxgt"qu"eqpegkvqu"fg"icog"fgukip"rqt"fqku"
oqvkxqu"rtkpekrcku<"
30 Cu" ogvqfqnqikcu" fq" Icokhkecvkqp" *DWPEJDCNN." 4232." 4233+" g" fq" Hwpyctg"
*\KEJGTOCPP" G" NKPFGP." 4232+" qdlgvkxco" c" wvknk|cèçq" fg" eqpegkvqu" fg"
icog"fgukip"*swg"ugwu"cwvqtgu"rtghgtgo"ejcoct"fg"flogeãpkecu"g" fkpãokecu" fg"
lqiq‚+" rctc" hkfgnk|ct" ugwu" wuwâtkqu" c" rtqfwvqu." ugtxkèqu" g" octecu" gurgeîhkecu0"
Fguuc" hqtoc." uwrqoqu" swg" cniwpu" eqpegkvqu" fg" icog" fgukip." swg" rctc" pôu"
rqfgtkco" ugt" korqtvcpvgu." rquuco" vgt" ukfq" rtgvgtkfqu" pq" rtqeguuq" fg"
fgugpxqnxkogpvq"fcu"hgttcogpvcu"ogvqfqnôikecu."rqt"vcnxg|"pçq"ug"cfgswctgo"c"
ugwu"qdlgvkxqu"hkpcku"*hkfgnkfcfg"g"nwetq+"fg"hqtoc"vçq"enctc0"Gpvgpfgoqu"swg"qu"
qdlgvkxqu"hkpcku"fguucu"cdqtfcigpu"uçq"uwhkekgpvgogpvg"fkuvkpvqu"fqu"pquuqu"rctc"
swg"pçq"wvknk|goqu"q"oguoq"flrceqvg‚"fg"eqpegkvqu"pc"fkuugtvcèçq0"Gpvgpfgoqu"
swg."cq"owfctoqu"qu"hkpu"*qdlgvkxqu+."owfcoqu"qu"ogkqu"*eqpegkvqu+0"
40 Q"eqpegkvq"eqpjgekfq"eqoq"Tgcnkv{"Hkzgu."fg"Lcpg"OeIqpkicn"*4233+."crguct"fg"
ug" crtqzkoct" ocku" ukipkhkecvkxcogpvg"fq"swg"kpvgpekqpcoqu"eqo"c"rguswkuc"ug"
eqorctcfq" äu" ogvqfqnqikcu" fq" Icokhkecvkqp" g" fq" Hwpyctg." rquuwk" qdlgvkxqu"
fkuvkpvqu" fqu" rtqrquvqu" rqt" pôu0" OeIqpkicn" uwuvgpvc" swg" rqfgoqu" wvknk|ct" qu"
Tgcnkv{"Hkzgu"fgtkxcfqu"fqu"lqiqu"rctc"fltguqnxgt"rtqdngocu‚"fc"xkfc"tgcn."rqtêo"
ugo" hc|gt" ogpèçq" enctc" cq" xkêu" fc" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg5;" qw" fq" fgukip" rctc" c"
uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0"OeIqpkicn"swgt"›tguqnxgt"rtqdngocu"fc"xkfc"tgcn"eqo"q"wuq"fg"
lqiqu" g" eqpegkvqu" fg" lqiqufi." ocu" guvgu" pçq" uçq" qu" oguoqu" fgvgevcfqu" rgnc"
eqowpkfcfg"fq"fgukip"rctc"c"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0"
504040"Guvtwvwtcèçq"fqu"Eqpegkvqu"
Q" oqfq" eqoq" eqortggpfgoqu" g" guvtwvwtcoqu" qu" eqpegkvqu" fg" icog" fgukip" uwtikw"
cvtcxêu" fq" fgugpxqnxkogpvq" kvgtcvkxq" fguvc" rctvg" fc" fkuugtvcèçq." eqo" fwcu" cvkxkfcfgu"
kpvgt/tgncekqpcfcu<"
30 Tgxkuçq" fc" nkvgtcvwtc" c" tgurgkvq" fcu" fghkpkèùgu" fcu" cvkxkfcfgu" fg" lqiq=" tgwpkçq"
fqu" eqorqpgpvgu" swg" eqorùgo" guucu" cvkxkfcfgu" g" uwc" cpânkug" go" tgncèçq" cqu"
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eqpegkvqu" hqtco" tgxkucfqu." tgencuukhkecfqu" g" citwrcfqu" ugiwpfq" qu" eqorqpgpvgu" swg"
tgrtgugpvcxco." rqtêo" wvknk|cpfq/ug" c" ugrctcèçq" fguvgu" rqt" ugwu" cwvqtgu0" Pc" vgtegktc" g"
ûnvkoc"gvcrc."qu"eqpegkvqu"hqtco"tgwpkfqu"eqphqtog"qu"eqorqpgpvgu"oqvkxcekqpcku"fcu"
cvkxkfcfgu" fg" lqiq" swg" tgrtgugpvcxco." vcpvq" rctc" qticpk|ct" c" xcuvc" swcpvkfcfg" fg"
kphqtocèùgu"swcpvq"rctc"hceknkvct"c"eqortggpuçq"fq"ngkvqt0"Qu"eqpegkvqu"ugtçq"nkuvcfqu."
rqtvcpvq."ugiwkpfq"c"guvtwvwtc"fqu"eqorqpgpvgu"oqvkxcekqpcku"fcu"cvkxkfcfgu"fg"lqiq"fc"
hkiwtc"30"
505030"Eqpegkvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"Xqnwpvctkgfcfg"
Q"eqorqpgpvg"xqnwpvctkgfcfg"ê"eqortggpfkfq"eqoq"rtê/eqpfkèçq"rctc"woc"cvkxkfcfg"
fg"lqiq"rtc|gtquc0"Cq"chktoctoqu"swg"c"xqnwpvctkgfcfg"ê"wo"eqorqpgpvg"oqvkxcekqpcn."
pc"xgtfcfg."g"crgpcu"pq"ecuq"gurgeîhkeq"fguvg"eqorqpgpvg."swgtgoqu"eqo"kuuq"fk|gt"swg"
guvg" ug" vtcvc" fg" woc" rtê/eqpfkèçq" swg" rquukdknkvc" cqu" qwvtqu" eqorqpgpvgu" cvwctgo" fg"
hqtoc" cfgswcfc." oqvkxcpfq" ugwu" wuwâtkqu0" Fqu" cwvqtgu" ugngekqpcfqu." pqxg" fgngu"
cdqtfco" cniwo" curgevq" nkicfq" cq" eqorqpgpvg" xqnwpvctkgfcfg<" Jwk|kpic" *3;5:+="
Ecknnqku" *3;7:+=" Uwvvqp/Uokvj" *3;93+=" Uwkvu" *3;9:+=" Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k" *3;;3+=" Ucngp" g"
\koogtocp"*4226+="Dcvgocp"g"Dqqp"*4228+="Ejcvhkgnf"*4232c+"g"OeIqpkicn"*4233+0"
73"
Q" rtkogktq" g" ocku" korqtvcpvg" curgevq" tgncekqpcfq" ä" rctvkekrcèçq" xqnwpvâtkc" pqu" lqiqu"
vtcvc"lwuvcogpvg"fc"pgeguukfcfg"fguug"ugpvkogpvq"eqoq"rtê/eqpfkèçq"rctc"c"cvkxkfcfg"fg"
lqiq0" Guuc" eqpfkèçq" ê" tgncvcfc" fg" hqtoc" ugognjcpvg" rqt" Jwk|kpic63" *3;5:+." Ecknnqku64"
*3;7:+." Uwvvqp/Uokvj65" *3;93+." Uwkvu66" *3;9:+." Ejcvhkgnf67" *4232c+" g" OeIqpkicn68"
*4233+0"Qu"cwvqtgu"cekoc"ekvcfqu"eqpeqtfco"swg"c"cvkxkfcfg"fg"lqiq"fgxg"ugt"fkurctcfc"
rqt" wo" oqxkogpvq" xqnwpvâtkq." woc" xqpvcfg" fg" rctvkekrcèçq" swg" xgo" fq" rtôrtkq"
wuwâtkq." fg" fgpvtq" rctc" hqtc0" Vcn" curgevq" ê" guugpekcn" rctc" c" eqpvtkdwkèçq" swg"
rtgvgpfgoqu"fct"pguuc"fkuugtvcèçq."rqt"eqpvc"fq"nkokvg"crqpvcfq"rqt"Ocp|kpk"*422:."r0"
:6+" cegtec" fq" cvwcn" g" tguvtkvq" pûogtq" fg" rguuqcu" swg" cuuwogo" q" eqortqokuuq" fg" ug"
vqtpctgo" rctvkekrcpvgu" cvkxqu" fg" kpkekcvkxcu" g" rtqlgvqu" uwuvgpvâxgku0" Eqortggpfgoqu."
rqtvcpvq." swg" wo" fqu" ecokpjqu" rctc" vqtpct" kpkekcvkxcu" xqnvcfcu" ä" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"
uwhkekgpvgogpvg" cvtcgpvgu" rctc" ugtgo" cfgtkfcu" fg" oqfq" gurqpvãpgq" rqt" woc" ockqt"
rctegnc"fc"rqrwncèçq"ê"cvtcxêu"fc"uwc"guvtwvwtcèçq"fg"hqtoc"ugognjcpvg"c"wo"lqiq0"
Rctc"Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k"*3;;3+."qu"lqiqu"uô"rqfgo"fct"rtc|gt"c"ugwu"wuwâtkqu"ug"guvgu"ug"
fkurwugtgo" xqnwpvctkcogpvg" c" guug" vkrq" fg" cvkxkfcfg<" ›Cu" tgitcu" fqu" lqiqu" vío" c"
kpvgpèçq"fg"fktgekqpct"pquuc"gpgtikc"ruîswkec"go"rcftùgu"rtc|gtququ."ocu"ug"guvgu"ugtçq"
ghgvkxcogpvg" rtc|gtququ" qw" pçq" fgrgpfg" fg" pôufi" *Kdkf." r0" 98+0" Ucngp" g" \koogtocp"
*4226+" rctgego" eqpeqtfct" eqo" Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k" swcpfq" chktoco" swg" qu" lqiqu" uçq"
cvkxkfcfgu" rquvcu" go" oqxkogpvq" cvtcxêu" fc" rctvkekrcèçq" fqu" lqicfqtgu0" Guvc"
rctvkekrcèçq" eqpvtkdwk" pçq" crgpcu" rctc" c" swcnkfcfg" fc" gzrgtkípekc" fg" lqiq." ocu" rctc"
woc" gzrgtkípekc" fg" rtc|gtgu" goqekqpcku." ugpukvkxqu" g" rukeqnôikequ" *Kdkf." r0" 562+0"
Ugiwpfq" qu" cwvqtgu." swcpvq" ocku" gpiclcfc" g" xqnwpvâtkc" ê" c" rctvkekrcèçq" pguug" vkrq" fg"
cvkxkfcfg."ocku"rqvgpekcnogpvg"rtc|gtquc"gnc"rqfg"ug"vqtpct0"
Fgpvtg" qu" cwvqtgu" rguswkucfqu." OeIqpkicn" *4233+" ê" c" swg" ocku" enctcogpvg" vtcvc" fqu"
curgevqu" tgncekqpcfqu" ä" rctvkekrcèçq" xqnwpvâtkc" eqoq" hwpfcogpvcku" ä" oqvkxcèçq" fqu"
lqicfqtgu0" Rctc" c" cwvqtc." qu" lqiqu" rquuwgo" ectcevgtîuvkecu" g" gngogpvqu" oqvkxcekqpcku"
63
"›Q"lqiq"ê"woc"cvkxkfcfg"qw"qewrcèçq"xqnwpvâtkc000fi"*JWK\KPIC."3;5:."r0"55+0"
"
64
"›C"cvkxkfcfg"fg"lqiq"pçq"ê"wo"cvq"qdtkicvôtkq."g"uko."nkxtgfi"*ECKNNQKU."3;7:."r0";+0"
"
65
"›]Q"lqiq"ê_"wo"gzgteîekq"fg"eqpvtqng"xqnwpvâtkq"fg"ukuvgocu000fi"*CXGFQP."UWVVQP/UOKVJ."3;930"r0"
627+0"
"
66
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"
67
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tgitcufi"*EJCVHKGNF."4232c."r0"5+0"
"
68
"›Q"cvq"fg"lqiq"fgxg"ugt"go"ugw"egtpg."woc"gzrgtkípekc"xqnwpvâtkcfi"*OEIQPKICN."4233."r0"43+0"
74"
ecrc|gu" fg" rtqrkekct" woc" rctvkekrcèçq" ocku" cvkxc" fg" ugwu" wuwâtkqu" *Kdkf." r0" 346+0" C"
rctvkekrcèçq" xgtfcfgktcogpvg" xqnwpvâtkc" go" woc" cvkxkfcfg" tgswgt" swg." fg" cniwoc"
ocpgktc." ugwu" wuwâtkqu" guvglco" kpvgtpcogpvg" oqvkxcfqu" g" fktgekqpcfqu." kpvgpucogpvg"
kpvgtguucfqu" g" igpwkpcogpvg" gpvwukcuocfqu0" Swcpfq" qu" wuwâtkqu" ug" xggo" qdtkicfqu" c"
rctvkekrct" fg" cniwoc" cvkxkfcfg." rqtvcpvq." gngu" pçq" guvctkco" rctvkekrcpfq" fgnc"
flxgtfcfgktcogpvg‚0"G"swcpfq"pçq"guvçq"tgcnogpvg"rctvkekrcpfq."pçq"ug"korqtvco"eqo"q"
swg" rqfg" qeqttgt" eqo" cswgnc" cvkxkfcfg" gurgeîhkec0" Cu" tgeqorgpucu" goqekqpcku"
tgcnogpvg" korqtvcpvgu." rctc" c" cwvqtc." uçq" cu" swg" tgswgtgo" uwc" rctvkekrcèçq" cvkxc."
gpvwukcuocfc"g"cwvqoqvkxcfc0"
Ugiwpfq" OeIqpkicn." swcpfq" wo" lqiq" qw" cvkxkfcfg" rquuwk" gngogpvqu" g" ectcevgtîuvkecu"
kpvtkpugecogpvg" tgeqorgpucfqtgu." pçq" ê" pgeguuâtkq" swg" ug" eqpxgpèc" cu" rguuqcu" c"
rctvkekrctgo"fgng"rqt"ogkqu"gzvgtpqu."eqoq"cvtcxêu"fq"qhgtgekogpvq"fg"fkpjgktq"qw"fc"
cogcèc"fg"rwpkèùgu0"C"rctvkekrcèçq"ugtkc"c"rtôrtkc"tgeqorgpuc"swcpfq"q"lqicfqt"guvâ"
kpvgtguucfq"go"ugw"rtqitguuq."pc"gzrnqtcèçq"fq"vgttkvôtkq"fg"lqiq"g"pq" uweguuq"fg"uwc"
eqowpkfcfg"*Kdkf."r0"466+0"Vcku"cvkxkfcfgu"fgxgo"ugt"ewkfcfqucogpvg"fgugpjcfcu"rctc"
swg" c" ûpkec" ocpgktc" rquuîxgn" fg" ug" qdvgt" tgeqorgpucu" uglc" cvtcxêu" fc" rctvkekrcèçq" fg"
fldqc"hê‚0"
C"cwvqtc"uwuvgpvc"vcodêo"swg"rqfgoqu"igtct"eqorqtvcogpvqu"xqnwpvâtkqu"pcu"rguuqcu"
go" fkxgtucu" ukvwcèùgu." cvtcxêu" fc" wvknk|cèçq" fg" eqpegkvqu" tgvktcfqu" fktgvcogpvg" fqu"
lqiqu." eqoq." rqt" gzgornq." pc" etkcèçq" fg" wo" ugpuq" fg" wtiípekc" go" cvkxkfcfgu"
gurgeîhkecu<" pc" crtgugpvcèçq" fg" qdlgvkxqu" enctqu=" pc" cfkèçq" fg" woc" ecocfc" uqekcn" fg"
eqorgvkèçq"g"pc"ecrcekfcfg"fg"igtcèçq"fg"oûnvkrncu"tgeqorgpucu"⁄"goqekqpcku."uqekcku"
g" xktvwcku0" OeIqpkicn" *Kdkf." r0" 486+" eqortggpfg" swg." cvwcnogpvg." xkunwodtcoqu"
eqngvkxcogpvg" cniwpu" fqu" ockqtgu" fguchkqu" fc" jwocpkfcfg." eqoq" cu" owfcpècu"
enkoâvkecu."cu"etkugu"geqpõokecu"inqdcku"g"c"kpuvcdknkfcfg"igqrqnîvkec0"G."fg"hqtoc"igtcn."
q" wuq" fqu" eqpegkvqu" oqvkxcekqpcku" cswk" crtgugpvcfqu" vgo" q" rqvgpekcn" fg" oqvkxct"
eqorqtvcogpvqu" rctvkekrcvkxqu" g" xqnwpvâtkqu" rctc" c" owfcpèc" fguugu" egpâtkqu0"
Eqorngogpvctogpvg."cq"eqpxgtvgtoqu"wo"rtqdngoc"tgcn"go"woc"cvkxkfcfg"xqnwpvâtkc."
vgoqu"q"rqvgpekcn"fg"cvkxct"pcu"rguuqcu"kpvgtguug."ewtkqukfcfg."guhqtèq"g"qvkokuoq0"Rctc"
OeIqpkicn"*Kdkf."r0"533+."pq"eqpvgzvq"fqu"lqiqu."pçq"vgoqu"rtguuçq"pgicvkxc"rcktcpfq"
uqdtg"cu"vqocfcu"fg"fgekuçq<"ugtîcoqu"oqvkxcfqu"rwtcogpvg"rqt"uvtguu"rqukvkxq"g"rgnq"
fguglq"fg"rctvkekrcèçq"go"vgtoqu"ucvkuhcvôtkqu."dgo"uwegfkfqu."uqekcku"g"ukipkhkecpvgu0"
75"
Dcvgocp"g"Dqqp"*4228+"tghgtgo/ug"ckpfc"c"cniwpu"curgevqu"gurgekhkecogpvg"crnkeâxgku"
cqu" codkgpvgu" xktvwcku" tgncekqpcfqu" ä" rctvkekrcèçq" xqnwpvâtkc." qu" swcku" pçq" hqtco"
fkuewvkfqu"rqt"qwvtqu"cwvqtgu0"Ugiwpfq"gngu."pqu"lqiqu"gngvtõpkequ."qu"cxcvctgu69"fg"lqiq"
uçq"wuwcnogpvg"c"ocku"korqtvcpvg"hgttcogpvc"fg"rctvkekrcèçq"g"kpvgtcèçq"fqu"lqicfqtgu"
eqo"q"codkgpvg"nûfkeq0"Qu"lqicfqtgu"equvwoco"xkuwcnk|ct"c"uk"oguoqu"pq"rcrgn"fg"ugwu"
rgtuqpcigpu" g." rqt" eqpvc" fguug" xîpewnq." q" fgugpxqnxkogpvq" fg" cxcvctgu" fg" lqiq" qw" c"
guvtwvwtcèçq"fg"ukuvgocu"swg"njgu"rgtokvco"etkct"qw"ewuvqok|ct"rgtuqpcigpu"eqo"swgo"
rquuco" ug" kfgpvkhkect" rtqoqxg" kogtuçq" g" rctvkekrcèçq" fqu" lqicfqtgu" go" codkgpvgu"
xktvwcku"*Kdkf."r0"399+0"
505040"Eqpegkvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"Guvtwvwtc"
Q"eqorqpgpvg"oqvkxcekqpcn"flguvtwvwtc‚"gpinqdc"qu"curgevqu"vêepkequ."nôikequ"g"hqtocku"
fqu" lqiqu." tgwpkpfq" woc" uêtkg" fg" eqpegkvqu" ecrc|gu" fg" oqvkxct." tgeqorgpuct" g" igtct"
ugpucèùgu"fg"rtc|gt"go"ugwu"lqicfqtgu0"Fguuc"hqtoc."eqortggpfgoqu"swg"cu"tgitcu."cu"
guvtwvwtcu"fg"lqiqu"g"cu"vgepqnqikcu"eqo"swg"hqtco"rtqfw|kfqu"vcodêo"uçq"ecrc|gu"fg"
kphnwgpekct" rqukvkxcogpvg" c" gzrgtkípekc" fqu" lqicfqtgu0" Fqu" cwvqtgu" wvknk|cfqu" pguvc"
rctvg" fc" fkuugtvcèçq." eqpvtkdwîtco" rctc" q" fgugpxqnxkogpvq" fguuc" fkuewuuçq<"
Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k" *3;;3+." Uwvvqp/Uokvj" *3;;9+." Ucngp" g" \koogtocp" *4226+." Mquvgt"
*4227+." Ejcvhkgnf" *4232c+." \kejgtocpp" *4232+." DwpejDcnn" *4232." 4233+" g" OeIqpkicn"
*4233+0"
Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k" *3;;3+" eqpvtkdwk" pguvc" fkuewuuçq" eqo" q" eqpegkvq" fg" Gzrgtkípekc"
Cwvqvênkec6:0"Rctc"q"rukeônqiq"guug"eqpegkvq"ê"wo"fqu"rqpvqu/ejcxg"rctc"c"rquukdknkfcfg"
fg"qeqttípekc"fq"guvcfq"fg"Hnqy6;0"›Q"gngogpvq"ejcxg"rctc"woc"gzrgtkípekc"kfgcn"ê"swg"
69
"Lctiçq"eqowo"pc"kpfûuvtkc"fqu"lqiqu"g"gpvtg"qu"wuwâtkqu"rctc"fgukipct"wo"rgtuqpcigo"eqpvtqncfq"rgnq"
lqicfqt0"
"
6:
"Cwvqvênkeq"ê"wo"vgtoq"fgtkxcfq"fq"itgiq"g"swg"ukipkhkec"cniq"eqoq"flqdlgvkxq"rtôrtkq‚0"Q"eqpegkvq"ê"
wvknk|cfq" rqt" Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k" *3;;3+" rctc" vtcvct" fcu" gzrgtkípekcu" swg" pçq" fgrgpfgo" fg" oqvkxcèùgu"
gzvgtpcu" rctc" qeqttgt0" Q" cwvqt" eqortggpfg" qu" lqiqu" eqoq" kpgtgpvgogpvg" rtc|gtququ0" Guvgu" rqfgo"
vcodêo"rquuwkt"oqvkxcèùgu"gzvgtpcu."ocu"c"ucvkuhcèçq"rgnc"tgcnk|cèçq"fc"cvkxkfcfg"lâ"ug"eqpuvkvwk"eqoq"
gngogpvq"oqvkxcfqt0"
"
6;
"Hnqy"ê"c"rcncxtc/ejcxg"wvknk|cfc"rqt"Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k"rctc"fghkpkt"q"eqpegkvq"fg"Gzrgtkípekc"Kfgcn<"wo"
guvcfq" rukeqnôikeq" fg" rtqhwpfc" kogtuçq." gpxqnxkogpvq" g" fg" cnvq" itcw" fg" ghkekípekc" go" woc" cvkxkfcfg"
gurgeîhkec0" Cvtcxêu" fguuc" eqplwpèçq" fg" ugpucèùgu." vgtîcoqu" eqoq" tguwnvcfq" wo" guvcfq" fg" rtqhwpfc"
ucvkuhcèçq"g"rtc|gt"eqo"c"cvkxkfcfg"tgcnk|cfc0"Ugiwpfq"q"rtôrtkq"cwvqt."go"gpvtgxkuvc"rctc"c"tgxkuvc"Yktgf."
go"3;;8."guvct"go"guvcfq"fg"Hnqy"ê"›guvct"vqvcnogpvg"gpxqnxkfq"eqo"cniwoc"cvkxkfcfg"gurgeîhkec."qpfg"q"
giq"fgucrctgeg."q"vgorq"xqc"g"vqfc"c"cèçq."oqxkogpvq"g"rgpucogpvq"ugiwgo"pcvwtcnogpvg"ugw"ewtuq."g"
qpfg"vqfq"q"ugw"ugt"guvâ"gpxqnxkfq."g"xqeí"guvâ"wucpfq"q"oâzkoq"fg"uwcu"jcdknkfcfgu"*000+"Swcpvq"ocku"wo"
vtcdcnjq" kpgtgpvgogpvg" ug" rctgegt" eqo" wo" lqiq" ⁄" eqo" xctkgfcfg." fguchkqu" crtqrtkcfqu" g" hngzîxgku."
qdlgvkxqu"enctqu"g"hggfdcem"kogfkcvq"⁄"ocku"citcfâxgn"gng"ugtâ"*EUKMU\GPVOKJCN[K."3;;3."r0"374+fi0"
76"
guvc" rquuwc" wo" hko" go" uk" oguoc" *Kdkf." r0" 88+0fi" Oqvkxcèùgu" g" tgeqorgpucu" gzvgtpcu"
vcodêo"rqfgo"gzkuvkt."ocu"c"gzrgtkípekc"fgxg"rquuwkt"wo"hko"go"uk"oguoc0"
Woc"gzrgtkípekc"cwvqvênkec"ê"owkvq"fkhgtgpvg"fq"ugpvkogpvq"swg"vkrkecogpvg"
ugpvkoqu"pq"ewtuq"fg"pquucu"xkfcu0"Owkvq"fq"swg"eqowogpvg"tgcnk|coqu"pçq"
vgo"xcnqt"go"uk"oguoq."g"crgpcu"hc|goqu"cswknq"rqtswg"vgoqu"swg"hc|gt."qw"
rqtswg"gurgtcoqu"cniwo"dgpghîekq"hwvwtq"fcswknq"*Kdkf."r0"8:+0"
Uwvvqp/Uokvj" *3;;9+" g" Ucngp" g" \koogtocp" *4226+" vcodêo" wvknk|co" q" eqpegkvq" fg"
cwvqvênkeq" rtqurquvq" rqt" Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k" *3;;3+0" Rctc" q" rtkogktq." woc" fcu"
ectcevgtîuvkecu"ocku"eqowpu"cuuqekcfcu"cqu"lqiqu"ê"c"fg"swg"guvgu"vío"c"ecrcekfcfg"fg"
ugtgo" kpvtkpugecogpvg" oqvkxcfqtgu" *UWVVQP/UOKVJ." 3;;9." r0" 3::+0" Rctc" Ucngp" g"
\koogtocp"*4226."r0"554/555+."qu"lqiqu"rquuwgo"hqtvgu"ectcevgtîuvkecu"cwvqvênkecu."rqku"
uçq" ecrc|gu" fg" etkct" ugwu" rtôrtkqu" eqpvgzvqu." ukipkhkecfqu" g" rtqxgt" ugwu" qdlgvkxqu0"
Ugiwpfq"qu"cwvqtgu."rqtvcpvq."swcpfq"woc"gzrgtkípekc"ê"cwvqvênkec."c"rctvkekrcèçq"ugtkc"
q" hcvqt" ocku" korqtvcpvg0" OeIqpkicn" *4233." r0" 6;/72+" xck" cnêo" g" crtgugpvc" swcvtq"
ecvgiqtkcu" fg" tgeqorgpucu" kpvtîpugecu<" vtcdcnjq" ucvkuhcvôtkq" ⁄" cu" rguuqcu" iquvco" fg" ug"
ugpvkt" kogtucu" go" woc" cvkxkfcfg" enctcogpvg" fghkpkfc." pc" swcn" rqfgo" qdugtxct"
fktgvcogpvg" q" korcevq" fg" uwcu" rtôrtkcu" cèùgu" g"guhqtèqu=" gzrgtkípekc" qw" gurgtcpèc"fg"
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77"
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tgcnkfcfg0" Guvgu" vgtkco" ocku" gngogpvqu" go" eqowo" eqo" q" oqfq" eqoq" q" eêtgdtq"
eqortggpfg" g" xkuwcnk|c"q" owpfq" ä" pquuc" xqnvc" fq" swg" eqo" q" oqfq" eqoq" c" tgcnkfcfg"
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oqogpvqu"fg"rtc|gt"swg"uwuvgpvgo"c"cèçq"fqu"lqicfqtgu"*Kdkf."r0"565+0""
Qwvtqu" cwvqtgu" nkuvco" cniwocu" fcu" ogeãpkecu" swg." crnkecfcu" äu" guvtwvwtcu" fg" lqiq."
rqfgo" igtct" cnvqu" itcwu" fg" ucvkuhcèçq0" Ejcvhkgnf" *4232c." r0" 386/387+" ekvc" ekpeq"
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eqngvc"*fg"kvgpu"fkxgtuqu+="fg"rqpvwcèçq="fg"hggfdcem="fg"vtqecu"g"fg"ewuvqok|cèçq0"Guvcu"
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72
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rgècu"go"wo"vcdwngktq."fkuvtkdwkt"ectvcu."eqngvcu"oqgfcu."ucnvct"qduvâewnqu+"gzgewvcfcu"cvtcxêu"fc"
flvtcpuhqtocèçq‚"fcu"rquukdknkfcfgu"qhgtgekfcu"rgncu"tgitcu"go"cvkxkfcfgu"fg"lqiq0"
79"
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c" rquukdknkfcfg" fg" fgoqpuvtcèçq" g" eqorctvknjcogpvq" fguugu" gngogpvqu" rctc" qwvtqu"
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rquukdknkfcfg"fg"eqorgvkèçq"g"cnvtwîuoq0"
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fgxgo"ugt"qdvkfcu"fg"oqfq"rtqitguukxq."rctc"swg"ug"ocpvgpjc"q"kpvgtguug"fqu"wuwâtkqu"
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ugpvktgo"tgeqorgpucfqu"rqt"ugwu"guhqtèqu0"
505050"Eqpegkvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"Eqpvtqng"
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tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqpvtqng0"
Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k"*3;;3+."cvtcxêu"fg"uwcu"rguswkucu"uqdtg"q"guvcfq"fg"Hnqy."crqpvc"vtíu"
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7:"
swcnkvcvkxc."woc"cvkxkfcfg"fgxg"qhgtgegt"c"ugwu"wuwâtkqu"fguchkqu"eqorcvîxgku"eqo"uwcu"
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swcpfq" qu" fguchkqu" uçq" cfgswcfcogpvg" dcncpegcfqu" c" ecrcekfcfg" fg" cikt" fg" wo"
kpfkxîfwqfi"*Kdkf."r0"74+0"Eqortggpfgoqu."rctc"hkpu"fguuc"fkuugtvcèçq."swg"c"ugpucèçq"fg"
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fgugpxqnxgt" fg" oqfq" cfgswcfq" uwcu" jcdknkfcfgu" fg" ceqtfq" eqo" q" fguchkq" rtqrquvq."
vgpfq."rqtvcpvq."c"ugpucèçq"fg"eqpvtqng"uqdtg"c"ukvwcèçq0"OeIqpkicn"*4233."r0"93+"wvknk|c"
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cwogpvctgo"uwcu"ejcpegu"fg"uweguuq0"Mquvgt"*4227."r0"342+"eqogpvc"ckpfc"swg"qu"lqiqu"
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eqpegkvq"fg"eqpvtqng"go"ugwu"ukuvgocu0"
Q"ugiwpfq"eqpegkvq"tgncekqpcfq"cq"guvcfq"fg"Hnqy"vtcvc"fc"ugpucèçq"fg"eqpegpvtcèçq."
qw" fg" eqpvtqng" ogpvcn" uqdtg" c" ecrcekfcfg" fg" cvgpèçq" g" tgurquvc0" Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k"
chktoc"swg."swcpfq"vqfcu"cu"jcdknkfcfgu"tgngxcpvgu"fg"wo"wuwâtkq"uçq"pgeguuâtkcu"rctc"
nkfct"eqo"qu"fguchkqu"fg"woc"ukvwcèçq"gurgeîhkec."uwc"cvgpèçq"vgpfg"c"ugt"eqorngvcogpvg"
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swg."rctc"oqvkxctoqu"lqicfqtgu"fg"oqfq"ghgvkxq"go"woc"cvkxkfcfg"fg"lqiq."vgoqu"swg"
ugt"ecrc|gu"fg"rtqrqt"cvkxkfcfgu"swg"tgswgktco"go"cniwpu"oqogpvqu"fllcpgncu‚"fg"cnvc"
eqpegpvtcèçq0"
Q"vgtegktq"eqpegkvq"fg"Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k"ê"ugognjcpvg"cq"rtkogktq="rqtêo."owfc"q"hqeq"
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nc|gt"fkuvkpvcu"fc"xkfc"eqvkfkcpcfi"*Kdkf."r0"82+0"C"swguvçq"pq"gpvcpvq"rctgeg"ugt"ockqt"fq"
swg"ukornguogpvg"guvct"pq"eqpvtqng0"Wo"itcpfg"rtqdngoc"pguug"ugpvkfq."fgvgevcfq"rqt"
Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k." ê" swg" pc" xkfc" eqvkfkcpc" vgoqu" swg" pqu" rtgqewrct" go" cuuwokt" qu"
tkuequ"fq"swg"guvcoqu"hc|gpfq0"Go"woc"cvkxkfcfg"ukowncfc."eqoq"wo"lqiq"qw"gurqtvg."
q"tkueq"swcug"ugortg"ê"owkvq"tgfw|kfq="cq"ogpqu."uwcu"eqpfkèùgu"uçq"dgo"eqpjgekfcu"g"
tc|qcxgnogpvg" eqpvtqnâxgku0" C" hcnvc" fg" rtgqewrcèçq" eqpuvcpvg" eqo" q" gttq" g" uwcu"
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7;"
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fg" guvct" pq" eqpvtqng" go" ukvwcèùgu" eqorngzcufi" *Kdkf." r0" 83+0" Xcng" ckpfc" tguucnvct" swg"
cwvqtgu"eqoq"Ucngp"g"\koogtocp"*4226+."Dcvgocp"g"Dqqp"*4228+"g"OeIqpkicn"*4233+"
wvknk|co." ecfc" wo" c" ugw" oqfq." qu" oguoqu" vtíu" eqpegkvqu" crtgugpvcfqu" rqt"
Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k0"
Uwvvqp/Uokvj" *3;;9+" vcodêo" eqpvtkdwk" eqo" q" ctiwogpvq" fg" Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k" cq"
chktoct"swg."cvtcxêu"fcu"cvkxkfcfgu"fg"lqiq."rqfgoqu"eqttgt"cniwpu"tkuequ."rqtêo"ugo"q"
rgtkiq."rtgugpvg"pc"xkfc"tgcn."fg"uqhtgtoqu"eqpugswípekcu"fgucuvtqucu"rqt"pquuqu"gttqu"
*UWVVQP/UOKVJ." 3;;9." r0" 93+0" OeIqpkicn" *4233+" eqorngogpvc" chktocpfq" swg." pq"
eqpvgzvq"fqu"lqiqu."pçq"vgoqu"c"rtguuçq"pgicvkxc"fq"gttq"rcktcpfq"uqdtg"pquucu"vqocfcu"
fg" fgekuçq0" Uqoqu." rqt" eqpvc" fkuuq." oqvkxcfqu" rwtcogpvg" rqt" uvtguu" rqukvkxq" g" rgnq"
fguglq"fg"rctvkekrcèçq"*Kdkf."r0"533+0"Lâ"ugiwpfq"Mquvgt"*4227+."c"hwpèçq"rtkoâtkc"fqu"
lqiqu" ê" c" fg" ugtxktgo" eqoq" gzrgtkípekc" fg" crtgpfk|cfq" g" rtgrctcèçq" rctc" gxgpvqu"
hwvwtqu."go"gurcèqu"g"vgorqu"go"swg"pçq"jâ"tkueq0"Qu"lqiqu"pqu"gpukpco"fgvgtokpcfcu"
eqkucu" rctc" swg" rquucoqu" okpkok|ct" tkuequ" g" ucdgt" swcku" gueqnjcu" vqoct" swcpfq" pqu"
fgrctctoqu"eqo"ukvwcèùgu"ugognjcpvgu"pc"xkfc"tgcn."cwogpvcpfq"pquuc"rquukdknkfcfg"fg"
eqpvtqng"uqdtg"gncu"*Kdkf."r0"33:."342+0"
Ugiwpfq" Ucngp" g" \koogtocp" *4226+." c" kpegtvg|c" qw" cngcvqtkgfcfg" *swg." eqoq" xkuvq"
cpvgtkqtogpvg." vcodêo" rqfg" ugt" xkpewncfc" cq" eqorqpgpvg" guvtwvwtc+" ê" qwvtc"
ectcevgtîuvkec"korqtvcpvg"rctc"q"eqorqpgpvg"eqpvtqng0"Q"ugpvkogpvq"fg"cngcvqtkgfcfg"qw"
kpegtvg|c" rgtcpvg" woc" ukvwcèçq" ê" korqtvcpvg" rqt" vqtpct" qu" lqiqu" ocku" kortgxkuîxgku" g"
fkxgtvkfqu"fg"lqict"*Kdkf."r0"398+0"Rctc"Ucngp"g"\koogtocp"*Kdkf."r0"3;6+."ug"q"tguwnvcfq"
fq"lqiq"ê"cniq"egtvq."pçq"vgoqu"tgcnogpvg"wo"lqiq0"Fgxgoqu"tguucnvct"swg"qu"eqpegkvqu"
fg" kpegtvg|c" g" cngcvqtkgfcfg" vcodêo" gpinqdco" q" guvîownq" g" oqvkxcèçq" fqu" wuwâtkqu0"
Guug" eqpegkvq" vcodêo" pqu" rctgeg" ugt" ugognjcpvg" cq" fg" rctcfqzq" fg" eqpvtqng."
crtgugpvcfq"rqt"Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k."ugiwpfq"q"swcn"ugpvkoqu"rtc|gt"go"guvct"pq"eqpvtqng"
fg"woc"cvkxkfcfg"kpegtvc"qw"fg"tkueq0"
Qwvtq" eqpegkvq" tgncekqpcfq" cq" eqorqpgpvg" eqpvtqng" rctgeg" ugt" c" pgeguukfcfg" fg"
uwdokuuçq"äu"tgitcu"rtgugpvgu"pcu"cvkxkfcfgu"fg"lqiq0"Ugo"qdgfkípekc"äu"tgitcu"pçq"jâ"
lqiq0"Ugiwpfq"Uwvvqp/Uokvj"*3;;9+"g"Ucngp"g"\koogtocp"*4226+."guuc"qdgfkípekc"ê"wo"
82"
fqu" eqorqpgpvgu" fg" igtcèçq" fg" rtc|gt" pcu" cvkxkfcfgu" fg" lqiq0" Guvgu" etkctkco"
eqpuvcpvgogpvg" fgocpfcu" pqu"lqicfqtgu." rctc" cvwctgo" go" tgukuvípekc" c" ugwu" korwnuqu"
kogfkcvqu." rqvgpekcnk|cpfq" q" rtc|gt0" Ugiwpfq" Ucngp" g" \koogtocp" *Kdkf." r0" 552/553+."
cniq" fg" owkvq" rtc|gtquq" qeqttg" pc" hqtoc" eqo" swg" qu" lqiqu" guvknk|co" cu" cvkxkfcfgu" fg"
lqiq." cvtcxêu" fg" oqxkogpvqu" g" cèùgu" tkvwcnk|cfqu" g" eqngvkxqu0" Ugiwpfq" rguswkucu"
tgwpkfcu"rqt"Uwvvqp/Uokvj"*Kdkf."r0"3::/3:;+."rctc"egtvcu"rguuqcu."cniwpu"fqu"oqogpvqu"
fg" lqiq" ocku" gzekvcpvgu" g" fkxgtvkfqu" qeqttgo" lwuvcogpvg" rqt" eqpvc" fq" guvcfq" fg"
uwdokuuçq"äu"tgitcu0"
Ugiwpfq"Mquvgt"*Kdkf."r0"62+."c"fkxgtuçq"pqu"lqiqu"rqfg"uwtikt"cvtcxêu"fc"ugpucèçq"fg"
eqpvtqng"qw"fqoîpkq"uqdtg"woc"cvkxkfcfg"qw"ukvwcèçq0"Q"cwvqt"eqortggpfg"q"eqpegkvq"fg"
fkxgtuçq." pq" eqpvgzvq" fqu" lqiqu." eqoq" q" eqpvtqng" ogpvcn" uqdtg" rtqdngocu0" Ckpfc" fg"
ceqtfq" eqo"Mquvgt"*Kdkf."r0"66+."c"ugpucèçq"fg"vêfkq"pqu"lqiqu"rqfg"uwtikt"cvtcxêu"fg"
gngogpvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"eqpvtqng"go"fkxgtucu"ukvwcèùgu"fg"lqiq730"
505060"Eqpegkvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"Qdlgvkxq"
Q"eqorqpgpvg"qdlgvkxq"tgncekqpc/ug"ä"rtqrqukèçq"fg"ogvcu"g"fguchkqu"rctc"qu"lqicfqtgu."
fg"oqfq"c"oqvkxâ/nqu"c"rgtocpgegtgo"go"cvkxkfcfg"fg"lqiq"g"go"dwuec"fguucu"ogvcu0"
Rqfgoqu" chktoct" swg" c" flcnoc‚" fqu"curgevqu" oqvkxcekqpcku"fqu" lqiqu" ug" fkxkfg"gpvtg" c"
eqpuvkvwkèçq" fg" ogvcu" qw" fguchkqu" *qdlgvkxqu+" g" q" fguglq" fg" tgeqorgpuc" rgnq" cnecpeg"
fguucu"ogvcu"*hggfdcem+0"Xglcoqu"qu"eqpegkvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"qdlgvkxq0"
Ucngp"g"\koogtocp"*4226+"chktoco"swg"qu"qdlgvkxqu"fg"lqiq"vío"c"hwpèçq"rtkpekrcn"fg"
uwuvgpvct"q"kpvgtguug."q"gpiclcogpvq"g"q"fguglq"fqu"lqicfqtgu0"Ug"qu"lqicfqtgu."go"woc"
fgvgtokpcfc" cvkxkfcfg" fg" lqiq." pçq" eqpugiwgo" tghngvkt" uqdtg" eqoq" uwcu" cèùgu" qu"
oqxgo" rctc" rgtvq" qw" nqpig" fg" ugwu" qdlgvkxqu." pçq" rqfgo" gpvgpfgt" cfgswcfcogpvg" q"
ukipkhkecfq" fcu" uwcu" cèùgu." g" c" gzrgtkípekc" vgpfg" c" eqncruct" pc" kpegtvg|c" qw"
codkiwkfcfg0"Ugiwpfq"qu"cwvqtgu."c"eqpswkuvc"fg"qdlgvkxqu"ugtkc"wuwcnogpvg"q"vkrq"fg"
eqorqpgpvg" swg" ocku" tguwnvctkc" go" rtc|gt" rctc" qu" lqicfqtgu0" Qu" qdlgvkxqu" fgxgo"
eqncdqtct"rctc"oqvkxct"q"oqxkogpvq"fqu"lqicfqtgu"cvtcxêu"fq"gurcèq"fg"rquukdknkfcfg"
fq"lqiq."clwfcpfq"c"eqpfw|k/nqu"fq"kpîekq"cq"hko"fq"lqiq"*Kdkf."r0"47:+0"Ugiwpfq"Mquvgt"
*4227."r0"342+."uçq"cu"uêtkgu"fg"fguchkqu"rtqrquvcu"rgnq"ukuvgoc"fg"lqiq"swg"guvkownco"
qu"lqicfqtgu"c"tgcnk|ct"cu"cèùgu0"
73
"Guugu"gngogpvqu"jîdtkfqu"gpvtg"qu"eqorqpgpvgu"eqpvtqng"g"ugpucèçq."tgncekqpcfqu"ä"ugpucèçq"fg"vêfkq."
ugtçq"fguetkvqu"pq"eqorqpgpvg"ugpucèçq0"
83"
Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k" *3;;3+." go" rguswkucu" tgncekqpcfcu" cq" guvcfq" fg" Hnqy." crqpvc" q"
eqpegkvq"fg"qdlgvkxq"eqoq"wo"fqu"eqorqpgpvgu"tgurqpuâxgku"rqt"ognjqtct"c"swcnkfcfg"
fcu" gzrgtkípekcu0" Rctc" kuuq." qu" qdlgvkxqu" fgxgo" ugt" enctcogpvg" fguetkvqu" g"
eqortggpuîxgku0" Go" vgtoqu" fg" lqiq." q" rctcngnq" ê" enctq0" Pqu" lqiqu" gngvtõpkequ." rqt"
gzgornq." qu" wuwâtkqu" swcug" ugortg" guvçq" qewrcfqu" tgcnk|cpfq" cniwoc" cvkxkfcfg."
xkucpfq"ä"eqpenwuçq"fg"wo"qdlgvkxq"rtgxkcogpvg"eqpjgekfq0"Htgswgpvgogpvg."pqu"lqiqu."
qu" qdlgvkxqu" equvwoco" ugt" oûnvkrnqu" qw" gpecfgcfqu." ecfc" wo" fgtkxcpfq" go" woc"
rgswgpc" ucvkuhcèçq" qw" rtíokq" rqt" uwc" eqpenwuçq0" Ucngp" g" \koogtocp" *4226+" g"
Ejcvhkgnf"*4232d+"eqpeqtfco"eqo"c"chktocèçq"fq"cwvqt"g"chktoco"swg"c"rgtokuuçq"fq"
gpxqnxkogpvq" fqu" lqicfqtgu" go" oûnvkrnqu" qdlgvkxqu." nqpiqu" g" ewtvqu." rguuqcku" qw"
rtqrquvqu" rgnq" rtôrtkq" lqiq." uçq" tgewtuqu" ghkekgpvgu" rctc" igtct" gpiclcogpvq0" Lâ"
OeIqpkicn"*4233+"eqpeqtfc"eqo"Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k"cq"crqpvct"c"pgeguukfcfg"fg"enctg|c"
pc"crtgugpvcèçq"fg"qdlgvkxqu"fg"lqiq"eqoq"cigpvg"oqvkxcfqt"*OEIQPKICN."4233."r0"
79."485+0"
Ucngp"g"\koogtocp"*4226+"rtghgtgo"fkxkfkt"q"eqpegkvq"fg"qdlgvkxq"go"fqku<"qu"fg"ewtvq"
g" nqpiq" rtc|q0" Vçq" korqtvcpvgu" swcpvq" c" eqpfkèçq" hkpcn" fg" lqiq" *tgrtgugpvcfc" rgnqu"
qdlgvkxqu"fg"nqpiq"rtc|q+."qu"fg"ewtvq"rtc|q."swg"uwtigo"pq"fgugptqnct"fcu"cvkxkfcfgu."
vcodêo"tgrtgugpvco"wo"rcrgn"hwpfcogpvcn0"Ugiwpfq"qu"cwvqtgu."qu"qdlgvkxqu"fg"ewtvq"
rtc|q"clwfco"c"oqxgt"q"lqicfqt"cvtcxêu"fq"lqiq."oqogpvq"c"oqogpvq"*Kdkf."4226."r0"
564/565+0" C" igtcèçq" fg" qdlgvkxqu" rgtuqpcnk|cfqu74" ê" cniq" dcuvcpvg" eqowo<" swcpfq"qu"
lqicfqtgu" ug" ugpvgo" gpeqtclcfqu" rgnc" guvtwvwtc" fq" lqiq." cq" eqpegdgt" g" rgtugiwkt"
qdlgvkxqu"rguuqcku."cecdco"rqt"ug"ugpvkt"pq"eqpvtqng"fc"ukvwcèçq"g"fg"uwc"vtclgvôtkc0"Rctc"
Dcvgocp"g"Dqqp"*4228."r0"68+."c"uwdfkxkfkuçq"fqu"qdlgvkxqu"go"fg"ewtvq"g"nqpiq"rtc|q"
cvwc" eqoq" woc" gurêekg" fg" flrcuuq" c" rcuuq‚" rctc" c" cèçq" fqu" lqicfqtgu." hceknkvcpfq" c"
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ukpvco" flfguqtkgpvcfqu‚." flrgtfkfqu‚0" \kejgtocpp" *4232+." rqt" uwc" xg|." ctiwogpvc" swg" c"
wvknk|cèçq" fg" qdlgvkxqu" fg" ewtvq" rtc|q" vgo" c" hwpèçq" fg" rtqoqxgt" tgeqorgpucu"
rukeqnôikecu"cqu"wuwâtkqu"*\KEJGTOCPP"G"NKPFGP."4232."r0"357+0"
Go" tgncèçq" cq" eqorqpgpvg" qdlgvkxq." Mquvgt" *4227+" chktoc" swg" qu" fguchkqu" hîukequ"
kuqncfqu"pçq"uçq"fkxgtvkfqu."ocu"q"ugpvkogpvq"fg"vtkwphq"swcpfq"swgdtcoqu"wo"tgeqtfg"
rguuqcn."uko0"Ukoknctogpvg."tgurquvcu"cwvõpqocu"c"rtqdngocu"g"guvîownqu"lâ"eqpjgekfqu"
74
"Rqt"gzgornq."go"wo"lqiq"fg"hwvgdqn."gw."eqoq"lqicfqt."rquuq"guvcdgngegt"eqoq"qdlgvkxq"rguuqcn"og"
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pq"ukuvgoc"fg"lqiq0"
84"
vcodêo"pçq"uçq"kpgtgpvgogpvg"fkxgtvkfcu."rqku"guvgu"lâ"hqtco"fqokpcfqu"g"crtgpfkfqu0"
Ugiwpfq"q"cwvqt."q"eêtgdtq"uô"pqu"rtgokc"eqo"ugpvkogpvqu"fg"rtc|gt"swcpfq"tgcnk|coqu"
eqkucu"swg"lâ"eqpjgegoqu="rqtêo."uqd"q"eqpvgzvq"fg"wo"fguchkq"ogpvcn"*Kdkf."4227."r0"
;4+0" DwpejDcnn" *4232." 4233+" chktoc" swg" cu" rguuqcu" gpxqnxkfcu" go" cniwoc" cvkxkfcfg"
wuwcnogpvg"fguglco"q"fguchkq"*qw"qdlgvkxq+"fg"vtcdcnjct"go"dwuec"fg"woc"tgeqorgpuc0"
Guugpekcnogpvg."q"eêtgdtq"ug"gzekvc"cvtcxêu"fc"rtqrqukèçq"fg"woc"cvkxkfcfg"crtqrtkcfc"g"
fguchkcfqtc0" Fg" ceqtfq" eqo" q" cwvqt." wo" rtíokq" qw" tgeqorgpuc" rqfg" ugt" swcnswgt"
gngogpvq75"swg"vgpjc"c"hwpèçq"fg"oqvkxct"wuwâtkqu0"
OeIqpkicn" *4233+" vtc|" wo" gphqswg" fkhgtgpvg" cq" eqorqpgpvg" qdlgvkxq." tgncekqpcpfq/q"
cq"eqpegkvq"fg"vtcdcnjq"eqngvkxq0"Ugiwpfq"OeIqpkicn"*Kdkf."r0"394+."qu"lqiqu"eqngvkxqu"
dgo"uwegfkfqu"hqeco"c"cvgpèçq"fg"wo"itwrq"go"qdlgvkxqu"eqowpu"g"hqtpgego"q"ugpvkfq"
g" c" oqvkxcèçq" rctc" swg" guvg" itwrq" rquuc" rgtugiwkt" ugwu" qdlgvkxqu." oguoq" swg" qu"
kpfkxîfwqu"swg"q"eqorùgo"kpkekcnogpvg"crctgpvgo"pçq"vgt"pcfc"go"eqowo0"
Rctc" DwpejDcnn." fwcu" ogeãpkecu" fg" lqiq" guvçq" fktgvcogpvg" tgncekqpcfcu" eqo" q"
eqorqpgpvg"qdlgvkxq<"
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rtíokq"rgnq"uweguuq"pc"oguoc0"Fguchkqu"cecttgvco"pq"guvcdgngekogpvq"fg"ogvcu"
g"pc"oqvkxcèçq"rctc"swg"ug"rquuc"qdví/ncu="
 Eqpswkuvcu" ⁄" cniwocu" rguuqcu" uçq" oqvkxcfcu" rgnq" fguchkq" fg" eqpswkuvct" qw"
ewortkt" vctghcu" fkhîegku." cvtcxêu" fg" cèùgu" rtqnqpicfcu" g" tgrgvkvkxcu" swg"
ewnokpco" pc" eqpswkuvc" fg" woc" eqpfkèçq" fg" xkvôtkc0" Rctc" gncu." q" rtíokq" ocku"
ucvkuhcvôtkq" ê" q" fq" tgeqpjgekogpvq" *vcpvq" rguuqcn" swcpvq" uqekcn+" fc" rtôrtkc"
eqpswkuvc0"
505070"Eqpegkvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"Feedback
Q" eqorqpgpvg" hggfdcem" guvâ" tgncekqpcfq" c" fqku" eqpegkvqu" rtkpekrcku<" äu" tgurquvcu" qw"
tgvqtpqu" swg" q" ukuvgoc" fg" lqiq" hqtpgeg" cqu" lqicfqtgu." fg" oqfq" c" ocpví/nqu" ekgpvgu"
uqdtg"q"swg"qeqttg"pq"lqiq."g"cqu"vkrqu"fg"tgeqorgpuc"qw"rwpkèçq"tgegdkfqu"cvtcxêu"fc"
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cnkogpvcfqu"qw"pçq"rgncu"cèùgu"fq"lqicfqt0"Rqt"gzgornq."c"cdgtvwtc"fg"wo"dcû."
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76
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40 Rtíokq"fg"uwuvgpvcèçq"⁄"rgtokvg"c"uwuvgpvcèçq"fcu"eqpfkèùgu"fq"lqicfqt."vcpvq"
go" vgtoqu" fg" uwc" uqdtgxkxípekc" pq" codkgpvg" fg" lqiq" swcpvq" fqu" qdlgvqu."
rtíokqu"g"kvgpu"swg"tgegdgw0"Rqt"gzgornq."kvgpu" swg"ocpvgpjco"c"flucûfg‚"fqu"
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77
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88"
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c" cwvqgzrtguuçq" go" woc" eqowpkfcfg" qw" itwrq0" Dgpu" xktvwcku" uçq" dgo"
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89"
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 Uvcvwu"⁄"c"ockqtkc"fcu"rguuqcu"rquuwk"c"pgeguukfcfg"fg"uvcvwu."tgeqpjgekogpvq."
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lqiq."fg"egtvq"oqfq."eqpfw|go"c"cniwo"vkrq"fg"tgeqpjgekogpvq"qw"uvcvwu0"Guvc"
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swg" cu" ngxgo" c" eqpswkuvct" woc" eqpfkèçq" fg" xkvôtkc0" Rctc" gncu." q" rtíokq"
*hggfdcem+"ocku"ucvkuhcvôtkq"ê"q"fq"tgeqpjgekogpvq"fc"eqpswkuvc0"Ckpfc"ugiwpfq"
\kejgtocpp"*Kdkf."r0"63+."cu"rguuqcu"vío"woc"xgtfcfgktc"qduguuçq"rqt"xkvôtkcu"g"
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rguuqc."c"wpkfcfg"ê"c"oguoc<"vqfqu"iquvco"fg"xgpegt0"
505080"Eqpegkvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"Kpvgtcèçq"Uqekcn
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lqiqu."uglco"kpfkxkfwcku"qw"eqngvkxqu."eqorgvkvkxqu"qw"eqncdqtcvkxqu0"Eqortggpfgoqu."
cvtcxêu"fg"pquucu"rguswkucu."swg"qu"curgevqu"uqekcku"gpeqpvtcfqu"g"gpeqtclcfqu"cvtcxêu"
fqu"lqiqu"cvwco"eqoq"wo"hqtvg"eqorqpgpvg"oqvkxcekqpcn0"Eqpvtkdwîtco"guuc"fkuewuuçq"
qu"ugiwkpvgu"cwvqtgu<"Nc||ctq"*4226."4227+."Ucngp"g"\koogtocp"*4226+."Mquvgt"*4227+."
Ejcvhkgnf" *4232c." 4232d+." \kejgtocpp" *4232+." DwpejDcnn" *4232." 4233+" g" OeIqpkicn"
*4233+0"
Go"uwcu"rguswkucu."Nc||ctq"*4227+"eqpuvcvqw"swg."swcpfq"kpfkxîfwqu"lqico"go"itwrq."
equvwoco"gzrgtkogpvct"g"rctvknjct"fg"goqèùgu"ocku"xkuîxgku."kpvgpucu"g"htgswgpvgu"fq"
8:"
swg"swcpfq"lqico"uq|kpjqu0"Cniwocu"fcu"goqèùgu"qdugtxcfcu"rqt"Nc||ctq."kpenwukxg."
pçq" rqfgo" ugt" ugpvkfcu"swcpfq" lqicoqu"uq|kpjqu0"Fg"oqfq"igtcn."pôu."jwocpqu."pqu"
korqtvcoqu" wpu" eqo" qu" qwvtqu" g" uqoqu" vcodêo" goqekqpcnogpvg" chgvcfqu" g"
kphnwgpekcfqu" wpu" rgnqu"qwvtqu0" C" cwvqtc" pqu" crtgugpvc" vtíu" oqfqu" gurgeîhkequ" eqo" qu"
swcku"rqfgoqu"oqvkxct"qu"lqicfqtgu"go"vgtoqu"uqekcku<""
 Q" rtkogktq" vtcvc" fg" qhgtgegt" uwrqtvg" ä" kpvgtcèçq" gpvtg" lqicfqtgu0" Go" qwvtcu"
rcncxtcu." qrqtvwpkfcfgu" rctc" swg" rquuco" eqqrgtct" qw" eqorgvkt" gpvtg" uk."
eqphqtog"uwcu"rtghgtípekcu="
 Q"ugiwpfq"vtcvc"fg"guvtwvwtct"guuc"kpvgtcèçq"pqu"lqiqu."fg"oqfq"eqo"swg"c"cèçq"
fqu"lqicfqtgu"rctgèc"wo"gurgvâewnq"fkxgtvkfq"fg"ug"cuukuvkt="
 Q"vgtegktq"vtcvc"fq"fgugpxqnxkogpvq"fg"hgttcogpvcu"g"oêvqfqu"swg"rgtokvco"cqu"
lqicfqtgu"eqowpkectgo"uwcu"goqèùgu"cvtcxêu"fqu"lqiqu0"
Rctc"Ejcvhkgnf."qu"curgevqu"uqekcku"ugtkco"eqorqpgpvgu"korqtvcpvgu"rctc"c"qdvgpèçq"fg"
rtc|gt" pqu" lqiqu0" Q" cwvqt" eqpeqtfc" eqo" Nc||ctq" g" chktoc" swg" qu" rtc|gtgu" fc" ockqtkc"
fqu" lqiqu" ugtkco" ognjqt" gzrgtkogpvcfqu" go" eqorcpjkc0" Ejcvhkgnf" *4232c." r0" ;3+" xck"
cnêo." ctiwogpvcpfq" swg" ecfc" lqiq" rqfg" ugt" eqorctcfq" c" woc" flxkfc‚." go" swg" ecfc"
lqicfqt"qdvêo"woc"gzrgtkípekc"qw"lqtpcfc"fkxgtuc"g"pc"swcn"qu"rtc|gtgu"fc"fgueqdgtvc."
jcdknkfcfg" g" eqpswkuvc" rqfgo" ugt" cornkcfqu" pc" rtgugpèc" fg" qwvtcu" rguuqcu0"
Dcukecogpvg."c"rtgugpèc"fg"qwvtcu"rguuqcu"g"c"rquukdknkfcfg"fg"cvwct"eqo"gncu"fgpvtq"fq"
codkgpvg"fg"lqiq"rqvgpekcnk|c"q"rtc|gt"swg"qu"lqicfqtgu"rqfgo"qdvgt0"
Ugiwpfq" OeIqpkicn." qu" lqiqu" uçq" ecrc|gu" fg" eqpuvtwkt" ncèqu" uqekcku" ocku" hqtvgu" g"
eqpfw|kt" ugwu" wuwâtkqu" c" cvkxkfcfgu" uqekcku" ocku" cvkxcu0" C" cwvqtc" *4233." r0" 9:+" chktoc"
swg." cq" lqictoqu" ceqorcpjcfqu" fg" cokiqu" g" gpvgu" swgtkfqu." cuugiwtcoqu"
qrqtvwpkfcfgu" fg" guvctoqu" cvkxcogpvg" eqpgevcfqu" äu" rguuqcu" eqo" cu" swcku" pqu"
korqtvcoqu0" Qu" lqiqu" *qw" ognjqt." qu" eqpegkvqu" oqvkxcekqpcku" fg" icog" fgukip+" uçq"
ecrc|gu"fg"pqu"vqtpct"rctvkekrcpvgu"fg"cniq"ockqt"g"pqu"rtqxgt"ockqt"ugpvkfq"rctc"pquucu"
cèùgu" *Kdkf." r0" ;:+0" C" cwvqtc" vcodêo" kpvtqfw|" q" eqpegkvq" fg" flêrkeq‚." korqtvcpvg" pc"
ewnvwtc" eqpvgorqtãpgc" fqu" lqiqu0" Örkeq" ugtkc" q" vgtoq" eqo" q" swcn" qu" lqicfqtgu"
htgswgpvgogpvg"fguetgxgo"uwcu"ocku"ogoqtâxgku"g"itcvkhkecpvgu"gzrgtkípekcu"fg"lqiq0"
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swg"qu"lqicfqtgu"guvçq"kpugtkfqu="fc"kogtuçq"go"codkgpvgu"êrkequ"g"fq"gpiclcogpvq"go"
rtqlgvqu"g"gortgkvcfcu"êrkecu0"Swcpvq"ockqt"c"gpvkfcfg"qw"cvkxkfcfg"ä"swcn"qu"lqicfqtgu"
rqfgo" ug" eqpgevct." ockqt" q" ugpvkfq" swg" rqfgo" qdvgt" cvtcxêu" fgnc" *Kdkf." r0" ;9+0" Guuc"
8;"
eqpgzçq"c"flcniq"ockqt‚"igtctkc"ugpvkogpvqu"fg"cfoktcèçq"g"octcxknjc"pqu"wuwâtkqu."woc"
ugpucèçq" fg" guvct" gpeqpvtcpfq" wo" nwict" go" cniq" ockqt" fq" swg" uk" oguoq" g" fq" swg" c"
uqoc"fg"vqfqu"qu"ugwu"rctvkekrcpvgu"*Kdkf."r0;;+."eqoq"woc"gurêekg"fg"eqowpjçq0"Fguuc"
ocpgktc."qu"lqiqu"xío"ug"vqtpcpfq"eqpvgzvqu"kfgcku"rctc"c"tgcnk|cèçq"fg"cèùgu"eqngvkxcu"
*Kdkf."r0"323+0"
Lâ"rctc"Ucngp"g"\koogtocp"*4226."r0"789+."qu"lqiqu"enctcogpvg"qdvío"ukipkhkecfq"fqu"
eqpvgzvqu" pqu" swcku" uçq" gzrgtkogpvcfqu0" Qw" uglc." qu" lqiqu" uçq" kphnwgpekcfqu" rgnq"
codkgpvg" uqekqewnvwtcn" ä" uwc" xqnvc0" Pguug" ugpvkfq." qu" cwvqtgu" chktoco" swg" c"
eqpukfgtcèçq" cegtec" fguugu" eqpegkvqu" rqfg" rquukdknkvct" cqu" icog" fgukipgtu" c"
xkuwcnk|cèçq"fg"nkpjcu"rqvgpekcku"fg"gpiclcogpvq"ewnvwtcn0"
OeIqpkicn"*Kdkf."r0"394+"vtcdcnjc"vcodêo" eqo" q" eqpegkvq"fg" eqowpkfcfg." chktocpfq"
swg"guvc"tgswgt"c"rctvkekrcèçq"rqukvkxc"fg"vqfqu"qu"ugwu"ogodtqu0"Rctc"vtcpuhqtoctoqu"
wo" itwrq" fg" guvtcpjqu" go" woc" eqowpkfcfg." fgxgoqu" cvgpvct" rctc" fqku" hcvqtgu"
rtkpekrcku<"wo"kpvgtguug"rtêxkq"go"eqowo"gpvtg"ugwu"hwvwtqu"ogodtqu"g"q"ugpvkfq"fcfq"
c"guugu"ogodtqu"rctc"swg"jclc"kpvgtcèçq"go"vqtpq"fq"kpvgtguug"eqorctvknjcfq0"Ugiwpfq"
OeIqpkicn" *Kdkf." r0" 394+." qu" lqiqu" eqngvkxqu" ocku" dgo" uwegfkfqu" eqpugiwgo" hqect" c"
cvgpèçq" fg" wo" itwrq" go" qdlgvkxqu" eqowpu" gpvtg" gngu." oguoq" swg" guugu" uglco"
kpkekcnogpvg"rgtegdkfqu"eqoq"kpgzkuvgpvgu."rtqxgpfq"ugpvkfq"g"oqvkxcèçq"rctc"q"itwrq"
rgtugiwk/nqu0"Qu"vtíu"eqorqpgpvgu"hwpfcogpvcku"rctc"q"hwpekqpcogpvq"fg"eqowpkfcfgu"
fg" lqicfqtgu" ugtkco<" eqncdqtcèçq." etkcèçq" g" eqpvtkdwkèçq" rctc" cnecpèct" wo" qdlgvkxq"
ockqt" *Kdkf." r0399+0" Rctc" c" cwvqtc." qu" lqiqu" go" eqowpkfcfg" *g" ugwu" eqpegkvqu"
oqvkxcekqpcku+"rqfgo"vtc|gt"korqtvcpvgu"dgpghîekqu"rctc"pquucu"xkfcu"eqvkfkcpcu"*Kdkf."
r0"3:3+0"C"eqncdqtcèçq"go"ocuuc."pq"gpvcpvq."rctgeg"hwpekqpct"cfgswcfcogpvg"crgpcu"
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*Kdkf."r0"4::+0"
Go"tgncèçq"cqu"curgevqu"oqvkxcekqpcku"g"uqekcku"fqu"lqiqu."Ejcvhkgnf"*4232c."4232d+"hc|"
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rgtokvgo"cqu"lqicfqtgu"c"ucvkuhcèçq"pc"fgoqpuvtcèçq"fg"uwcu"jcdknkfcfgu0"\kejgtocpp"
*4232+"rctgeg"eqpeqtfct"eqo"Ejcvhkgnf."chktocpfq"swg"c"ecrcekfcfg"fg"xkuwcnk|cèçq"g"
fgoqpuvtcèçq" fcu" tgeqorgpucu" g" ugpucèùgu" rqukvkxcu" gzgteg" wo" itcpfg" rqvgpekcn" fg"
rgtuwcuçq" pqu" lqicfqtgu" *\KEJGTOCPP" G" NKPFGP" 4232." r0" 65/66+0" Qw" uglc." qu"
lqiqu"uçq"rtôfkiqu"go"rgtokvkt"swg"rguuqcu"kpvgtclco"rqukvkxcogpvg"gpvtg"uk0"Ejcvhkgnf"
uwuvgpvc"ckpfc"swg"c"wvknk|cèçq"fg"gngogpvqu."rgtuqpcigpu"g"owpfqu"xktvwcku"pqu"lqiqu"
92"
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hqtvg"gngogpvq"uqekcn"fg"cvtcèçq"pqu"lqiqu"*Kdkf."r0"67+0""
Ugiwpfq" DwpejDcnn" *4232." 4233+." cu" ogeãpkecu" g" fkpãokecu" fg" lqiq" fktgvcogpvg"
tgncekqpcfcu"cqu"curgevqu"oqvkxcekqpcku"uqekcku"uçq<"
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gpeqtclc"c"etkcvkxkfcfg."c"eqorgvkèçq"g"c"cwvqgzrtguuçq"go"eqowpkfcfg="
 Rncectgu" qw" Tcpmkpiu" ⁄" rncectgu" rqfgo" igtct" uvcvwu" g" tgeqpjgekogpvq" uqekcn."
cnêo"fg"rtqoqxgt"curgevqu"fg"eqorgvkèçq"g"eqncdqtcèçq="
 Uvcvwu"⁄"c"ockqtkc"fcu"rguuqcu"rquuwk"pgeguukfcfg"fg"uvcvwu0"Vqfqu"qu"gngogpvqu"
fcu" ogeãpkecu" fg" lqiq" eqpfw|go" c" cniwo" vkrq" fg" tgeqpjgekogpvq" qw" uvcvwu."
swg."rqt"uwc"xg|."kphnwgpekc"pq"codkgpvg"uqekcn"go"swg"c"cvkxkfcfg"ug"fgugptqnc="
 Cwvqgzrtguuçq" ⁄" dqc" rctvg" fcu" rguuqcu" swgt" g" pgeguukvc" fg" qrqtvwpkfcfgu" rctc"
gzrtguuct" uwc" cwvqpqokc" g" qtkikpcnkfcfg0" C" wvknk|cèçq" fg" cxcvctgu" fg" lqiq." rqt"
gzgornq."rqfg"ugtxkt"fg"oqfq"ghkec|"rctc"guug"rtqrôukvq="
 Eqorgvkèçq" ⁄" rquukdknkvc" q" fguchkq" gpvtg" wuwâtkqu" go" cniwo" vkrq" fg" cvkxkfcfg0"
Vqfqu"qu"gngogpvqu"fcu"ogeãpkecu"fg"lqiq"eqpfw|go."fg"egtvq"oqfq."c"curgevqu"
eqorgvkvkxqu."uglc"eqpvtc"q"ukuvgoc"fg"lqiq."uglc"eqpvtc"qwvtqu"lqicfqtgu="
 Rtgugpvgu." Ectkfcfg." Cnvtwîuoq" ⁄" gngogpvq" oqvkxcfqt" go" eqowpkfcfgu" swg"
dwueco" q" ewnvkxq" g" q" hqtvcngekogpvq" fg" tgncèùgu" kpvgtrguuqcku0" Q" cvq" fg"
rtgugpvgct" qw" fqct" cniq" fg" fleqtcèçq" cdgtvq‚" ê" eqortggpfkfq" eqoq" wo" hqtvg"
eqorqpgpvg" fg" rtc|gt" g" oqvkxcèçq." vcpvq" rctc" swgo" fqc" swcpvq" rctc" swgo"
tgegdg"q"rtgugpvg0"
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vtcpuokuuçq" g" eqowpkecèçq" uqekcn" fcu" eqpswkuvcu" g" hgkvqu" fqu" wuwâtkqu" gpxqnxkfqu" go"
wo"ukuvgoc"fq"vkrq."swg"eqpvc"ckpfc"eqo"q"rqvgpekcn"fg"gzrcpfkt"c"eqowpkfcfg"qtkikpcn."
cwogpvcpfq"uwc"xkukdknkfcfg"g"ugw"pûogtq"fg"rctvkekrcpvgu0"
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505090"Eqpegkvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"Ugpucèçq
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gzrgtkípekcu"fg"lqiq."uglco"gncu"hîukecu"qw"rukeqnôikecu="rqukvkxcu"qw"pgicvkxcu0""Vtcvc/
ug"fq"eqorqpgpvg"pq"swcn"cu"gzrgtkípekcu"fg"lqiq"fgugodqeco."uglco"gncu"qecukqpcfcu"
rqt" gngogpvqu" nôikequ." guvtwvwtcku." fg" cèçq" qw" kpvgtcèçq0" Qdvgt" ugpucèùgu" ê" q" fguvkpq"
hkpcn" fcu" gzrgtkípekcu" fg" lqiq0" Rqt" eqpvc" fkuuq." cniwpu" eqpegkvqu" cpvgtkqtogpvg"
crtgugpvcfqu" ugtçq" tgrgvkfqu" cswk" eqo" gphqswg" fkxgtuq." ciqtc" uqd" q" flqnjct‚" fcu"
ugpucèùgu"swg"rqfgo"cecttgvct0"
Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k" *3;;3+" crqpvc" fqku" eqorqpgpvgu" fq" guvcfq" fg" Hnqy" fktgvcogpvg"
tgncekqpcfqu"cq"fg"ugpucèçq0"Q"rtkogktq"vtcvc"fc"ugpucèçq"fg"hwuçq"eqo"woc"cvkxkfcfg"
qw"cèçq0"Pguug"guvcfq"fg"eqpegpvtcèçq."c"ogpvg"ug"vqtpctkc"vçq"eqpegpvtcfc"g"kpvgitcfc"
eqo" c" cvkxkfcfg"go"uk"swg"ug"rgtfgtkc" rctvg" fc" cwvqeqpuekípekc0" Q" swg" rctgeg" qeqttgt"
pçq"ê"c"rgtfc"fc"eqpuekípekc"fg"uk"oguoq."ocu"uko"eqoq"kpfkxîfwq"kuqncfq"fq"eqpvgzvq"
qpfg" ug" fgugpxqnxg" c" cèçq<" ›C" rgtfc" fc" pqèçq" fg" uk" oguoq" eqoq" woc" gpvkfcfg"
ugrctcfc"fq"owpfq"ä"uwc"xqnvc"ê"äu"xg|gu"ceqorcpjcfc"fg"wo"ugpvkogpvq"fg"wpkçq"eqo"
q" codkgpvgfi" *Kdkf." r0" 85+0" Pqu" lqiqu" gngvtõpkequ." rqfgoqu" kfgpvkhkect" ukvwcèùgu"
ugognjcpvgu" swcpfq" wo" kpfkxîfwq" chktoc." rqt" gzgornq." swg" flgpvtqw" pq" lqiq‚" qw" ug"
ugpvkw" pc" flrgng‚" fq" rgtuqpcigo0" C" cvkxkfcfg" vqtpc/ug" vçq" kpvgpuc" g" c" eqpegpvtcèçq" vçq"
itcpfg"swg"vwfq"q"swg"njg"korqtvc"ê"q"oqogpvq0"
Q" ugiwpfq" eqorqpgpvg" fq" guvcfq" fg" Hnqy" tgncekqpcfq" cq" fg" ugpucèçq" ê" c"
vtcpuhqtocèçq"fq"vgorq0"Ugiwpfq"q"cwvqt."woc"fcu"ocku"eqowpu"fguetkèùgu"gpeqpvtcfc"
pcu"rguswkucu"c"tgurgkvq"fq"Hnqy"ê"c"fc"rgtfc"fc"pqèçq"fq"vgorq."eqoq"ug"guvg"vkxguug"
rctcfq" fg" eqttgt" fc" hqtoc" eqoq" wuwcnogpvg" eqttg0" Ugiwpfq" Eukmu|gpvokjcn{k." c"
rgtegrèçq"fc"rcuucigo"fq"vgorq"go"cvkxkfcfgu"kpvgpucu"rqfg"ug"cnvgtct"fg"fwcu"hqtocu<"
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pgeguuâtkc"gzvtgoc"cèçq"qw"cvgpèçq."qw"jcxgpfq"c"ugpucèçq"fg"q"vgorq"vtcpueqttgt"fg"
oqfq" gzvtgocogpvg" târkfq." eqoq" ug" jqtcu" ug" rcuucuugo" go" okpwvqu<" ›Fwtcpvg" c"
gzrgtkípekc"fg"hnqy"c"pqèçq"fg"vgorq"rctgeg"ocpvgt"rqwec"tgncèçq"eqo"c"rcuucigo"fg"
vgorq"ogfkfc"rgnq"tgnôikq"*Kdkf."r0"88+0fi"Guug"vkrq"fg"ugpucèçq"equvwoc"ceqpvgegt"eqo"
htgswípekc" go" cvkxkfcfgu" fg" lqiq" ocku" kpvgpucu0" Go" ewtvqu" oqogpvqu." go" swg" ê"
pgeguuâtkc" woc" itcpfg" cvgpèçq" g" wo" guvcfq" fg" eqpegpvtcèçq" hqtc" fq" pqtocn." q" vgorq"
rctgeg" ug" oqxgt" owkvq" ocku" ngpvcogpvg0" Lâ" go" woc" cvkxkfcfg" fkxgtvkfc" g" cduqtvkxc."
jqtcu"fg"cvkxkfcfg"rqfgo"rctgegt"ug"rcuuct"go"dgo"ogpqu"vgorq0"
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
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
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
Hggfdcem" ⁄" curgevqu" oqvkxcekqpcku" g" fg" rtc|gt" tghgtgpvgu" ä" tgeqorgpuc."
rtgokcèçq"g"rwpkèçq"g"äu"tgurquvcu"fq"ukuvgoc"fg"lqiq"äu"cèùgu"fqu"lqicfqtgu=""

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Qw"uglc."curgevqu"uqekcku"*g"ewnvwtcku+"swg"rqfgo"eqpvtkdwkt"fg"hqtoc"c"gptkswgegt"
cu"gzrgtkípekcu"fg"lqiq"g"oqvkxct"qu"lqicfqtgu="

Ugpucèçq" ⁄" curgevqu" fktgvcogpvg" tgncekqpcfqu" äu" ugpucèùgu" hîukecu" g" ogpvcku"
qdvkfcu"pcu"cvkxkfcfgu"fg"lqiq="
99"
A participação voluntária é uma pré-condição para a atividade de jogo.
Os jogos só podem gerar prazer através de uma pré-disposição à
atividade.
Os jogos possuem elementos motivacionais capazes de propiciar uma
participação mais ativa.
A participação voluntária requer motivação, direcionamento, interesse
e entusiasmo.
A participação é a recompensa quando o jogador está interessado em
seu progresso, na exploração do território de jogo e no sucesso de
sua comunidade.
Podemos propiciar o comportamento voluntário através da utilização
de conceitos (senso de urgência, objetivos claros, camada social de
competição, múltiplas recompensas) retirados dos jogos.
No contexto dos jogos somos motivados pelo desejo de participação
em termos satisfatórios, bem sucedidos, sociais e significantes.
Os avatares são usualmente a mais importante ferramenta de
participação e interação dos jogadores com o ambiente de jogo.
Componente Voluntariedade
X
Huizinga
(1938)
X
Caillois
(1958)
9:"
X
Avedon e SuttonSmith (1971)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Suits Csikszentmihalyi
Salen e
Bateman e Chatfield McGonigal
(1978)
(1991)
Zimmerman (2004) Boon (2006) (2010)
(2011)
Vcdgnc"5"⁄"Eqpegkvqu"oqvkxcekqpcku"fg"icog"fgukip"tgncvkxqu"ä"eqpfkèçq"fg"xqnwpvctkgfcfg"pqu"lqiqu"
506030"Uîpvgug"fqu"eqpegkvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"Xqnwpvctkgfcfg"
C" xqnwpvctkgfcfg" ê" wo"eqpegkvq" cpvgtkqt" ä" rtôrtkc" gzrgtkípekc" fg" lqiq." cvwcpfq" eqoq"
wo" curgevq" fg" flgpvtcfc‚" g1qw" kogtuçq" pgng0" Q" cvq" fg" lqiq." rqtvcpvq." ê" wo" cvq" swg"
pgeguukvc" fc" rctvkekrcèçq" xqnwpvâtkc" rctc" ceqpvgegt0" Cu" rguuqcu" uô" guvçq"
xgtfcfgktcogpvg" rctvkekrcpfq" fg" wo" lqiq." cfokvkfq" eqoq" cniq" kpgtgpvgogpvg"
rtc|gtquq." swcpfq" ug" gpiclco" rqt" xqpvcfg" rtôrtkc0" Guuc" rtê/eqpfkèçq" ê" guugpekcn"
swcpfq" vtcvcoqu" fg" eqortggpfgt" fg" swg" hqtoc" rqfgoqu" oqnfct" cu" gzrgtkípekcu" fqu"
wuwâtkqu" go" cèùgu" fg" ewpjq" uwuvgpvâxgn0" Woc" cèçq" uwuvgpvâxgn" swg" wvknk|g" eqpegkvqu"
qtkwpfqu" fqu" lqiqu" fgxg" vgt" q" rqvgpekcn" fg" rqfgt" ugt" fguglcfc" g" cfgtkfc" fg" xqpvcfg"
rtôrtkc." ugo" korqukèùgu" fg" vgtegktqu0" C" eqpfkèçq" fg" xqnwpvctkgfcfg" pcu" cvkxkfcfgu" fg"
lqiq" ê" wo" fqu" curgevqu" hwpfcogpvcku" fguuc" rguswkuc." rqku" q" qdlgvkxq" hkpcn" fguuc"
rguswkuc"ê"q"fg"eqortggpfgt"eqoq"fgugpxqnxgt"gzrgtkípekcu"fg"rtqlgvq"rqvgpekcnogpvg"
rctvkekrcvkxcu"g"gpiclcpvgu."fg"hqtoc"ugognjcpvg"cqu"lqiqu0"Fguuc"ocpgktc."qu"ugtxkèqu"
qtkgpvcfqu" ä" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg" fgxgo" ugt" fgugpxqnxkfqu" fg" oqfq" c" eqpvgtgo" g"
fgoqpuvtctgo." cpvgtkqtogpvg" ä" rtôrtkc" gpvtcfc" pc" cvkxkfcfg." tc|ùgu" g" dgpghîekqu"
uwhkekgpvgu"⁄"uglco"gngu"uqekcku."goqekqpcku"qw"xktvwcku"⁄"rctc"swg"ugwu"hwvwtqu"wuwâtkqu"
ug"kpvgtguugo"rqt"gngu0""
C"rctvkekrcèçq"xqnwpvâtkc"tgswgt"oqvkxcèçq."fktgekqpcogpvq."kpvgtguug"g"gpvwukcuoq"fg"
ugwu" wuwâtkqu0" Vcku" curgevqu" fgxgo" ugt" vtcdcnjcfqu" g" oqnfcfqu" rctc" swg" rquuco" ugt"
rgtegdkfqu" cpvgu" fc" rtôrtkc" gpvtcfc" fqu" hwvwtqu" wuwâtkqu" pcu" cvkxkfcfgu" go" swguvçq0"
Rqfgoqu"vtcdcnjct"guugu"curgevqu."rqt"gzgornq."hqtpgegpfq"c"guucu"cvkxkfcfgu"wo"ugpuq"
fg" wtiípekc." qdlgvkxq" enctqu." woc" ecocfc" uqekcn" fg" eqorgvkèçq" g" q" qhgtgekogpvq" fg"
oûnvkrncu"tgeqorgpucu"rgnc"rctvkekrcèçq"fqu"wuwâtkqu"pcu"oguocu0""
Fg" hqtoc" igtcn." swcpvq" ockqt" q" kpvgtguug" rtêxkq" go" woc" cvkxkfcfg." ockqtgu" qu"
rqvgpekcku" fg" oqvkxcèçq." rtc|gt" g" tgeqorgpuc" pc" gpvtcfc" fc" gzrgtkípekc" go" uk0" Cq"
eqpxgtvgtoqu" rtqdngocu" tgcku" go" cvkxkfcfgu" xqnwpvâtkcu." cvtcxêu" fqu" eqpegkvqu"
oqvkxcekqpcku"fg"icog"fgukip"cswk"cpcnkucfqu."vgoqu"q"rqvgpekcn"fg"cvkxct"q"kpvgtguug."c"
ewtkqukfcfg." rtqoqxgt" q" guhqtèq" xqnwpvâtkq" g" fg" igtct" ugpvkogpvqu" fg" qvkokuoq" pqu"
rctvkekrcpvgu0"
9;"
Os jogos contêm elementos de prazer autotélicos e são intrinsecamente motivadores.
Recompensas intrínsecas: trabalho satisfatório, expectativa de sucesso, conexão
social, chance de fazer parte de algo maior.
Trabalho e jogo não são atividades opostas. Trabalho costuma ser interpretado como
obrigação; jogo, como escolha. Porém, ambos guardam muitas semelhanças entre si.
Trabalho: regras, restrições e necessidades. Jogo: prazer, liberdade e fuga de
necessidades urgentes.
Conceito de ‘igual, mas diferente’. Cada partida é um momento único.
Conceito de ‘experiência transformativa’. Capacidade de prover experiências
renováveis e compatíveis.
Elementos de incerteza são capazes de potencializar a motivação.
O uso de elementos de incerteza em recompensas é um estimulante substancial.
Desafios e missões customizáveis provêm feedback e permitem aos usuários
perceber o impacto de suas ações.
Os jogos são como representações icônicas de padrões da realidade. Percebemos
os padrões da realidade de modo semelhante aos dos jogos.
As mecânicas de jogo desempenham um importante papel na condução e
sustentação da ação e na obtenção de prazer nos jogos.
Mecânicas de jogo fora do ambiente dos jogos: coleta, status, níveis, pontuação,
feedback, regras, trocas, customização, demonstrabilidade desses elementos.
Mecânicas de jogo: ações, padrões e mecanismos de controle utilizados para
configurar uma atividade de modo semelhante a um jogo.
Mecânicas de jogo no Gamification: pontuação, níveis, emblemas, desafios, espaços
e bens virtuais, placares, presentes e caridade.
Dinâmicas de jogo: resultados motivacionais e de prazer obtidos através do uso das
mecânicas de jogo.
Dinâmicas de jogo no Gamification: recompensas, status, conquistas, autoexpressão,
competição e altruísmo.
As mecânicas relacionadas aos conceitos de recompensa devem ser obtidas de
modo progressivo, para manterem o interesse dos usuários sempre renovado.
Componente Estrutura
X
:2"
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Csikszentmihalyi Sutton-Smith
Salen e
Koster
(1991)
(1997)
Zimmerman (2004) (2005)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Chatfield Zichermann BunchBall McGonigal
(2010)
(2010)
(2010/2011) (2011)
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506040"Uîpvgug"fqu"eqpegkvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"Guvtwvwtc"
Q" rtkogktq" rqpvq" fg" fguvcswg" tgncekqpcfq" cq" eqorqpgpvg" guvtwvwtc" vtcvc" fc"
encuukhkecèçq" fqu" lqiqu" eqoq" cvkxkfcfgu" cwvqvênkecu0" Guvgu" uçq" guvtwvwtcfqu" fg" oqfq" c"
rtqxgtgo" ugwu" rtôrtkqu" fguchkqu." oqvkxcèùgu." rtc|gtgu." gzrgtkípekcu" g" eqpswkuvcu" ⁄"
fgpvtq" fg" wo" ûpkeq" ukuvgoc0" Wo" lqiq" rqfg" eqpvgt" qdlgvkxqu" gzvgtpqu." ocu" guvgu" pçq"
pgeguuctkcogpvg" vío" swg" gzkuvkt" rctc" c" cvkxkfcfg" fg" lqiq" qeqttgt0" Pguug" ugpvkfq."
rqfgoqu" wvknk|ct" q" eqpegkvq" fg" cwvqvênkeq" rctc" fgugpxqnxgt" cvkxkfcfgu" hqtc" fq" gueqrq"
fqu" lqiqu." vqtpcpfq/cu" ocku" ugognjcpvgu" äu" cvkxkfcfgu" fg" lqiq0" Rctc" kuuq." fg" hqtoc"
tguwokfc." woc" cvkxkfcfg" fgxg" ugt" ecrc|" rtqxgt" kpvgtpcogpvg" ugwu" rtôrtkqu" qdlgvkxqu."
rtc|gtgu"g"tgeqorgpucu0""
C"ockqt"fkhgtgpèc"swg"rqfgoqu"crqpvct"gpvtg"cu"cvkxkfcfgu"tgncekqpcfcu"cq"vtcdcnjq"g"
cqu" lqiqu" tghgtg/ug" cq" hcvq" fg" cu" rtkogktcu" eqowogpvg" ugtgo" kpvgtrtgvcfcu" eqoq"
qdtkicèçq." gpswcpvq" cu" qwvtcu" eqoq" woc" gueqnjc0" Pqu" lqiqu" rqfgoqu" xkuwcnk|ct" fg"
hqtoc" ocku" enctc" pquuqu" qdlgvkxqu." q" korcevq" fg" pquucu" cèùgu" g" q" swg" tgegdgtgoqu"
eqoq" tgeqorgpuc" rgnq" guhqtèq" kpxguvkfq0" Lâ" go" woc" cvkxkfcfg" flrcftçq‚" fg" vtcdcnjq."
owkvcu" xg|gu" pçq" uqoqu" ecrc|gu" fg" eqortggpfgt" ugswgt" rqt" swg" g" rctc" swg" guvcoqu"
tgcnk|cpfq"cswknq0"Fg"oqfq"igtcn."swcpfq"woc"cvkxkfcfg"rquuwk"wo"eqpvgzvq"fghkpkfq"g"
ê" rtqlgvcfc" eqo" q" kpvwkvq" rtêxkq" fg" igtct" fkxgtuçq" g" tgeqorgpuct" cu" rguuqcu" rqt" ugw"
guhqtèq."vqtpc/ug"ocku"cvtcgpvg"cqu"qnjqu"fqu"wuwâtkqu0""
Qu"lqiqu"rqfgo"ckpfc"ugt"eqortggpfkfqu"eqoq"tgrtgugpvcèùgu"keõpkecu"fg"rcftùgu"fc"
tgcnkfcfg780" Woc" cvkxkfcfg" qticpk|cfc" fg" hqtoc" ocku" ukorngu" *pq" ugpvkfq" fg" keõpkeq+."
ocu" ecrc|" fg" rtqxgt" tguwnvcfqu" ugognjcpvgu" c" cvkxkfcfgu" ocku" eqorngzcu." ugpfq"
eqphkiwtcfc" rctc" itcvkhkect" ugwu" wuwâtkqu" rqt" ugwu" guhqtèqu." ê" rqvgpekcnogpvg" ocku"
oqvkxcfqtc0"
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fgugpxqnxkogpvq"fg"gzrgtkípekcu"fg"lqiq"rtc|gtqucu"g"oqvkxcfqtcu0"Guvgu."rqt"uwc"xg|."
uçq" eqpuvtwîfqu" g" oqfgncfqu" rgnqu" curgevqu" guvtwvwtcku" fqu" lqiqu=" rqtêo." go" vgtoqu"
rtâvkequ." vío" tgncèçq" fktgvc" eqo" qu" eqorqpgpvgu" fg" eqpvtqng" g" hggfdcem." rqku" ugwu"
ghgkvqu" uçq" fktgvcogpvg" ugpvkfqu" g" kphnwgpekcfqu" cvtcxêu" fgngu0" Wo" tguwnvcfq"
eqorngvcogpvg"rtgxkuîxgn"rquuwk."rqtvcpvq."rqweq"rqvgpekcn"oqvkxcekqpcn0"
Cu" tgitcu" fqu" lqiqu" *qw" fcu" cvkxkfcfgu" swg" wvknk|go" cu" ectcevgtîuvkecu" g" guvtwvwtcu" fqu"
lqiqu+"fgxgo"ugt"rtqlgvcfcu"fg"oqfq"c"rtqrkekctgo"qdvgpèçq"fg"rtc|gt0"Pguug"ugpvkfq."
78
"flKeõpkeq‚"ugtkc"kpvgtrtgvcfq"eqoq"cniq"rtqlgvcfq"rctc"ugt"ogpqu"eqorngzq."ocku"fktgekqpcfq"cq"swg"
tgcnogpvg"ê"korqtvcpvg."igtcpfq"ogpqu"fltwîfqu‚."ogpqu"ecqu0"
:3"
cu" cvkxkfcfgu" swg" rtgvgpfco" wvknk|ct" cniwpu" fguugu" curgevqu" fgxgo" ugt" eqpuvtwîfcu" fg"
oqfq"c"rquukdknkvct"c"ugwu"wuwâtkqu"wo"kpxguvkogpvq"fg"uwcu"gpgtikcu"go"cvkxkfcfgu"swg"
iquvgo"fg"gzgewvct0"
Ogeãpkecu" g" fkpãokecu" fg" lqiq." vcku" eqoq" eqngvcu." ukuvgocu" fg" rqpvqu."
rncectgu1tcpmkpiu." gurcèqu" g" dgpu" xktvwcku." hggfdcem." uvcvwu." cwvqgzrtguuçq." vtqecu" g"
ewuvqok|cèçq."fgugorgpjco"korqtvcpvg"rcrgn"pc"eqpfwèçq"fcu"cèùgu"fg"lqiq."igtcpfq"
rtc|gt"g"oqvkxcèçq"pqu"wuwâtkqu0"Guugu"eqpegkvqu."crnkecfqu"go"fkxgtucu"cvkxkfcfgu"hqtc"
fq" eqpvgzvq" fqu" lqiqu" *eqoq" rqfgoqu" qdugtxct" go" ogvqfqnqikcu" eqoq" c" fq"
Icokhkecvkqp+."uçq"ecrc|gu"fg"oqvkxct"g"gpiclct"wuwâtkqu"g"enkgpvgu790""
Fg" hqtoc" igtcn." rqfgoqu" chktoct" swg" qu" curgevqu" fg" rtc|gt" g" oqvkxcèçq" tgncekqpcfqu"
cqu"eqorqpgpvgu"guvtwvwtcku"fqu"lqiqu"cvwco"eqoq"woc"gurêekg"fg"oqnfg"fq"gurcèq"g"
fcu" eqpfkèùgu" pcu" swcku" c" gzrgtkípekc" fg" lqiq" ktâ" qeqttgt0" Cvtcxêu" fguug" eqorqpgpvg"
hqtocn."vgoqu"flcnkegtècfcu"cu"dcugu‚"rctc"cu"gzrgtkípekcu"swg"rtgvgpfgoqu"eqpuvtwkt0"
"
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:4"
Experiência Ideal/Flow: para uma experiência qualitativa uma
atividade deve prover desafios compatíveis com as habilidades de
seus participantes.
Experiência Ideal/Flow: sensação de concentração ou de controle
mental sobre sua capacidade de atenção e resposta.
Experiência Ideal/Flow: ‘paradoxo do controle’ – sensação de estar
no controle de uma atividade de risco.
Os jogos são compreendidos como território livre de perigos e
erros capazes de gerar graves consequências.
Os jogos servem como aprendizado (controle) sobre situações de
risco na vida real, de modo a minimizá-los.
O sentimento de aleatoriedade ou incerteza é algo importante nos
jogos, pois os tornam mais imprevisíveis, estimulantes e divertidos.
As regras dos jogos criam demandas para que os jogadores atuem
em resistência a seus impulsos imediatos, algo que potencializa o
prazer dessas atividades.
Diversão pode ser compreendida nos jogos como o controle mental
sobre problemas, surgindo através da sensação de controle ou
domínio sobre uma atividade ou situação.
Componente Controle
X
X
X
X
X
:5"
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Csikszentmihalyi Sutton-Smith Salen e Zimmerman Koster Bateman e Chatfield
(1991)
(1997)
(2004)
(2005) Boon (2006) (2010)
Vcdgnc"7"⁄"Eqpegkvqu"oqvkxcekqpcku"fg"icog"fgukip"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"eqpvtqng"
506050"Uîpvgug"fqu"eqpegkvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"Eqpvtqng"
X
X
McGonigal
(2011)
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fgxg"ugt"dcncpegcfq"rctc"swg"rquuc"fkurqt"fg"qrèùgu"eqorcvîxgku"eqo"cu"ecrcekfcfgu."
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cvkxkfcfg" qw" ugtxkèq" uglc" rtqlgvcfq" fg" oqfq" c" eqpugiwkt" ecrvct" c" cvgpèçq" fg" ugwu"
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cu"rtkpekrcnogpvg"ogpqu"rwpkvkxcu"g"ocku"hceknogpvg"eqpvtqnâxgku0"
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:6"
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hcvqt"guvkowncpvg."vcpvq"fgpvtq"eqoq"hqtc"fqu"lqiqu0"
Cu" tgitcu" fqu" lqiqu" uçq" ecrc|gu" fg" eqpvtqnct" g" tkvwcnk|ct" cu" cvkxkfcfgu" fg" lqiq0" Eqoq"
uçq"cegkvcu"fg"oqfq"xqnwpvâtkq."q"swg"rqfgtkc"ugt"xkuvq"eqoq"qdtkicèçq"qw"egtegcogpvq"
cecdc"rqt"ug"vqtpct"wo"hcvqt"guvkowncpvg<"c"ecrcekfcfg"fg"cikt"tkvwcnkuvkecogpvg"fgpvtq"
fcu"nkokvcèùgu"korquvcu"rgnq"ukuvgoc"fg"tgitcu0"Cu"tgitcu"dcukecogpvg"etkco"fgocpfcu"
rctc" swg" qu" lqicfqtgu" rquuco" cvwct" go" tgukuvípekc" c" ugwu" korwnuqu" kogfkcvqu."
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eqpvtqncfq0"
:7"
Os objetivos de jogo têm a função principal de sustentar o interesse,
o engajamento e o desejo dos jogadores.
A conquista de objetivos é o tipo de componente que mais costuma
proporcionar prazer aos jogadores.
Os objetivos devem colaborar para conduzir os jogadores através dos
espaços de possibilidade do jogo.
A proposição de desafios estimula os jogadores à realização de
ações.
Experiência Ideal/Flow: o conceito de objetivo é um dos componentes
responsáveis por melhorar a qualidade das experiências.
Os objetivos de jogo devem ser claros e compreensíveis.
Os objetivos podem ser classificados como: de longo e curto prazo,
de cunho pessoal ou propostos pelo sistema.
Objetivos de longo prazo geralmente são os objetivos finais de jogo,
sua condição de vitória.
Objetivos de curto prazo ajudam a mover o jogador através das
atividades jogo, momento a momento.
Objetivos pessoais são as metas estabelecidas pelos próprios
jogadores, sem vínculo necessário com o sistema de jogo.
Desafios físicos isolados não são divertidos, mas o sentimento de
triunfo quando quebramos um recorde pessoal, sim.
O cérebro só premia os jogadores com sentimentos de prazer quando
estes realizam ações já conhecidas, sob o contexto de um desafio.
Promoção de trabalho em equipe: focar a atenção de um grupo em
objetivos comuns e prover sentido e motivação para que possam
perseguir seus objetivos.
Mecânicas de jogo relacionadas ao componente objetivo: desafios e
conquistas.
Componente Objetivo
X
X
:8"
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Csikszentmihalyi
Salen e
(1991)
Zimmerman (2004)
X
X
X
Koster
(2004)
X
X
X
X
X
X
Bateman e Chatfield Zichermann Bunchball McGonigal
Boon (2006) (2010)
(2010)
(2010/2011) (2011)
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7:
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:9"
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::"
Experiência Ideal/Flow: o conceito de objetivo é um dos
componentes responsáveis por melhorar a qualidade das
experiências.
O conceito de feedback deve ser aplicado de forma a possibilitar
retornos rápidos, frequentes e claros.
Sistemas de feedback em tempo real fornecem aos usuários
capacidade imediata de reconhecimento e resposta à suas ações.
Os conceitos de punição e recompensa são capazes de moldar o
comportamento dos jogadores e capacitar estruturas de prazer.
Erros e falhas devem acarretar um custo para os jogadores.
No balanço geral, as experiências de jogo devem ser prazerosas, e
não frustrantes.
As atividades que utilizem o conceito de recompensa devem ser
desenhadas para que as recompensas sejam obtidas unicamente
através da participação de boa fé.
São as recompensas que os jogadores buscam em última
instância.
Através da criação de um senso de urgência, de objetivos claros e
de uma camada social de competição, podemos dotar uma
atividade de múltiplas recompensas, tanto emocionais quanto
sociais e virtuais.
Conceito de ‘esquemas de reforço’: rede de premiações e punições
integradas que ajudam a moldar as experiências de jogo.
Quatro tipos de premiação/recompensa: prêmios de glória.
Quatro tipos de premiação/recompensa: prêmios de sustentação.
Quatro tipos de premiação/recompensa: prêmios de acesso.
Quatro tipos de premiação/recompensa: prêmios de habilidade.
Componente Feedback
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
:;"
X
X
X
Csikszentmihalyi
Hallford e
Salen e
(1991)
Hallford (2001) Zimmerman (2004)
X
Koster
(2005)
Bateman e
Boon (2006)
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X
Chatfield
(2010)
X
X
X
X
X
Zicherman Bunchball McGonigal
(2010) (2010/2011)
(2011)
"
"
"
"
"
O cérebro costuma descartar as atividades em que não consegue
avaliar vantagens quantificáveis em sua realização.
A utilização de uma variedade de recompensas que reflitam as
necessidades e os sentimentos dos jogadores contribui para a
obtenção de audiências mais vastas.
Uma recompensa conhecida é capaz de motivar; uma recompensa
surpresa é capaz de mobilizar, sendo um estimulante substancial.
Todos os esforços dos jogadores devem ser premiados de forma a
fazê-los sentirem-se frequentemente recompensados.
Mecânicas de jogo relacionadas ao componente feedback: pontos,
níveis, emblemas, bens virtuais, placares.
Dinâmicas de jogo relacionadas ao componente feedback:
recompensa, status, conquistas.
Componente Feedback
;2"
Csikszentmihalyi
Hallford e
Salen e
(1991)
Hallford (2001) Zimmerman (2004)
X
X
Koster
(2005)
X
Bateman e
Boon (2006)
X
X
X
Chatfield
(2010)
X
X
X
X
X
Zicherman Bunchball McGonigal
(2010) (2010/2011)
(2011)
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wuwâtkqu0" Qu" rncectgu" ugtxgo" dcukecogpvg" rctc" fgoqpuvtct" qu" ockqtgu" hgkvqu" fqu"
lqicfqtgu" g" etkct" woc" jkgtctswkc" gpvtg" gngu0" Qu" rtgugpvgu." cnêo" fg" rquuwîtgo" hqtvg"
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fg"korqtvãpekc"*uglc"rqt"oqvkxq"uqekcn."geqpõokeq."fg"vgorq"fg"lqiq."fg"korqukèçq"fg"
hqtèc" gve0+" fg" ecfc" wo" fgngu0" Fkhgtgpvgu" pîxgku" fg" uvcvwu" vcodêo" rqfgo" nkokvct" g"
cornkct"cu"rquukdknkfcfgu"rctc"ecfc"itwrq"qw"wuwâtkq0"Q"eqpegkvq"fg"eqpswkuvc"ê"q"swg"
ognjqt" cnkc" qu" qdlgvkxqu" cq" hggfdcem." igtcpfq" ogvcu" dgo" fghkpkfcu" swg" swcpfq"
ewortkfcu"rtgokco"ugwu"wuwâtkqu"eqo"tgeqorgpucu"rcuuîxgku"fg"gzkdkèçq0"
Q" eqorqpgpvg" hggfdcem" ukipkhkec." go" ûnvkoc" kpuvãpekc." tgeqorgpuc0" Qu" lqicfqtgu"
lqico."go"itcpfg"rctvg."rctc"ug"ugpvktgo"tgeqorgpucfqu"rqt"ugwu"guhqtèqu."fg"oqfqu"g"
go"htgswípekcu"swg"pçq"qeqttgo"pc"xkfc"eqvkfkcpc0"Rctc"c"ockqtkc"fqu"lqicfqtgu."rqweq"
korqtvc"ug"q"rtíokq"swg"ktçq"tgegdgt"vgpjc"qw"pçq"xcnqt"pq"owpfq"tgcn0"Q"korqtvcpvg"ê"
c" rquukdknkfcfg" fg" ugt" tgeqpjgekfq." ugpvkt/ug" rtgokcfq" rqt" uwcu" cèùgu" g" rqfgt"
eqorctvknjct"guug"qtiwnjq"eqo"qwvtcu"rguuqcu0"
;4"
;5"
Os jogos são influenciados pelo ambiente sociocultural à sua volta.
Como transformar um grupo de estranhos em uma comunidade: deve haver um interesse prévio em
comum entre as pessoas e deve lhes ser dada a oportunidade e o sentido para que possam interagir em
torno dele.
Componentes para o funcionamento de comunidades de jogadores: colaboração, criação e contribuição
para alcançar um objetivo maior.
Os conceitos aplicados a jogos em comunidade podem trazer importantes benefícios para a vida cotidiana.
A colaboração em massa parece funcionar adequadamente apenas quando todos os indivíduos
envolvidos têm contribuições a fazer.
Os jogos são sistemas que permitem aos jogadores a satisfação na demonstração de suas habilidades.
A utilização de elementos, personagens e mundos virtuais nos jogos permite às pessoas se comportarem
de formas não possíveis na vida cotidiana.
Mecânicas e dinâmicas de jogo relacionadas ao componente interação social: espaços virtuais, placares,
status, autoexpressão, competição, presentes/caridade.
Os jogos vêm se tornando contextos ideais para a realização de ações coletivas.
Quando jogam em grupo as pessoas costumam experimentar sensações mais visíveis, intensas e
frequentes do que quando jogam sozinhas.
Algumas sensações nos jogos só podem ocorrer em grupo.
Mais emoções para jogos coletivos: suporte à interação entre jogadores.
Mais emoções para jogos coletivos: propiciar um espetáculo.
Mais emoções para jogos coletivos: suporte à comunicação de emoções.
Um jogo pode ser comparado a uma vida, em que os jogadores têm experiências diversas em relação às
da vida real.
Os jogos são capazes de estabelecer laços sociais mais fortes e de conduzir seus usuários a atividades
sociais mais ativas.
Os jogos são capazes de nos tornar participantes de algo maior e de prover maior sentido a nossas ações.
Conceito de épico: através de contextos ou histórias épicas; da imersão em ambientes épicos e do
engajamento em projetos e empreitadas épicas.
Componente Interação Social
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Salen e
Lazzaro
Chatfield Zicherman Bunchball McGonigal
Zimmerman (2004) (2004, 2005) (2010)
(2010)
(2010)
(2011)
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7;
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;6"
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"
"
;7"
Experiência Ideal/Flow: a sensação de fusão com uma atividade ou
ação e o sentimento de união com o ambiente.
Experiência Ideal/Flow: a sensação de transformação do tempo.
As pessoas jogam para mudar ou estruturar experiências internas,
experimentando sensações que resultam em ações e guiam suas
experiências no ambiente de jogo.
Sete principais emoções surgidas através das atividades de jogo:
medo, surpresa, repugnância, naches/kvell, fiero, schadenfreude,
admiração.
As atividades de jogo devem ser projetadas de modo a permitir aos
jogadores se comunicarem emocionalmente de forma variada e
eficiente.
Os jogadores jogam pelo prazer do jogo em si.
O prazer é provavelmente a experiência mais intrínseca aos jogos.
Tipos de sentimento que o prazer evoca nos jogos: deleite,
diversão, gratificação, satisfação e felicidade.
Os jogadores querem se sentir especiais e bem tratados’ pelo
sistema de jogo.
Os jogadores devem se identificar com os personagens do jogo.
Eles costumam visualizar a si mesmos no papel de seus avatares,
compartilhando sensações e emoções.
O instinto de sobrevivência é um importante aspecto capaz de ser
ativado conforme a intensidade das experiências de jogo.
As sensações de desafio e frustração são essenciais para a
motivação e prazer dos jogadores.
Jogos difíceis demais geram ansiedade, enquanto que os fáceis
demais tédio.
Componente Sensação
X
X
X
;8"
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Csikszentmihalyi Sutton-Smith
Lazzaro
Salen e
Koster Bateman e
(1991)
(1991)
(2004, 2005) Zimmerman (2004) (2005) Boon (2006)
Vcdgnc";"⁄"Eqpegkvqu"oqvkxcekqpcku"fg"icog"fgukip"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"ugpucèçq"
506090"Uîpvgug"fqu"eqpegkvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"cq"eqorqpgpvg"Ugpucèçq"
X
Chatfield
(2010)
Bunchball McGonigal
(2010, 2011) (2011)
Os jogos devem ser capazes de prover múltiplos desafios, de
modo a poderem ser experimentados por uma variedade de
usuários.
Os jogos têm uma capacidade única de prover relaxamento,
remover as preocupações do mundo real e possibilitar a
exploração, a interatividade e a autoexpressão.
O contexto para a realização de uma atividade é fundamental para
a geração de prazer.
Sensação de tédio nos jogos: os padrões de jogo são rapidamente
aprendidos ou muito difíceis de aprender.
Sensação de tédio nos jogos: os padrões de jogo não são
interessantes.
Sensação de tédio nos jogos: os ritmos e variações de jogo
ocorrem muito lenta ou rapidamente.
Sensação de tédio nos jogos: o jogador aprende ou domina todos
os padrões de jogo.
A sensação de diversão é o feedback do cérebro quando estamos
absorvendo padrões com o propósito de aprender.
As razões pelas quais estamos realizando alguma atividade
influenciam diretamente no prazer que dela podemos obter.
O conceito de diversão trata da possibilidade de aprendermos em
contextos onde não há pressão.
Querer + Gostar = Engajamento
Quanto maior a entidade ou atividade à qual podemos nos
conectar, maior o significado que podemos obter.
O prazer derivado de uma atividade depende do quão
potencialmente ‘engajante’ ela for.
Mecânicas e dinâmicas de jogo relacionadas ao componente
sensação: status, autoexpressão, presentes/caridade/altruísmo.
Componente Sensação (continuação)
;9"
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Csikszentmihalyi Sutton-Smith
Lazzaro
Salen e
Koster Bateman e
(1991)
(1991)
(2004, 2005) Zimmerman (2004) (2005) Boon (2006)
X
X
Chatfield
(2010)
X
X
X
Bunchball McGonigal
(2010, 2011) (2011)
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ectcevgtk|cfcu" g" eqphkiwtcfcu" fg" oqfq" c" rtqxgtgo" ockqt" gpvgpfkogpvq" cqu"
rtqlgvkuvcu"c"tgurgkvq"fc"tgncèçq"swg"cu"flrguuqcu‚"ocpvío"eqo"q"ugtxkèq"go"swguvçq0"
Go"uîpvgug."cu"rgtuqpcu"uçq"q"rûdnkeq/cnxq"floêfkq‚"gurgtcfq"rctc"wo"rtqfwvq"qw"
ugtxkèq0" Cvtcxêu" fg" uwc" wvknk|cèçq." wo" rtqlgvkuvc" rqfg" hqect" uwc" uqnwèçq" pq"
cvgpfkogpvq"fg"ectcevgtîuvkecu"ocku"hcevîxgku"*oguoq"swg"ctvkhkekcku+"fg"kpfkxîfwqu"
qw" itwrqu0" Cu" rgtuqpcu" vío" c" hwpèçq" fg" cwzknkct" qu" rtqlgvkuvcu" c" ug" ocpvgtgo"
hqecfqu"pq"swg"ê"ocku"korqtvcpvg"rctc"wo"fgvgtokpcfq"rûdnkeq/cnxq0""
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rgtuqpc" vgtkc" go" ugw" rgthkn" fcfqu" eqoq<" pqog." vtcèqu" fg" rgtuqpcnkfcfg."
eqorqtvcogpvq" gurgtcfq." qdlgvkxqu" cq" wvknk|ct" fgvgtokpcfq" rtqfwvq" qw" ugtxkèq."
gpvtg"qwvtqu"ocku"gurgeîhkequ"eqo"qu"swcku"ug"rtgvgpfg"vtcdcnjct0"C"wvknk|cèçq"fguug"
eqplwpvq"fg"ectcevgtîuvkecu"ugtkc"ecrc|"fg"tgrtgugpvct"wo"itwrq"ûpkeq"fg"kpfkxîfwqu0"
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YKNNKCOU."4228="COFCJN"g"EJCKMKCV."4229="PFKYCNCPC"gv"cn."4227+fi0"
"
Hkiwtc"6"⁄"Gzgornq"fg"Rgtuqpc"
327"
50
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gzrgtkogpvc" wo" fgvgtokpcfq" rtqfwvq" qw" ugtxkèq" go" ugw" rtqeguuq" fg" wuq0" Q"
ocrgcogpvq" fg" lqtpcfcu" ê" woc" fcu" ocku" ukorngu" g." cq" oguoq" vgorq." ocku" ûvgku"
hgttcogpvcu" rctc" eqortggpfgt" c" tgncèçq" fqu" wuwâtkqu" eqo" qu" ugtxkèqu" swg" guvçq"
gzrgtkogpvcpfq."cuuko"eqoq"rctc"kfgpvkhkect"rquuîxgku"ncewpcu"qw"rqpvqu"rcuuîxgku"
fg" ognjqtkc" qw" kpqxcèçq0" Rctc" Ocigt" *422;+." eqpuwokt" wo" ugtxkèq" ukipkhkec"
eqpuwokt"woc"gzrgtkípekc."wo"rtqeguuq"swg"ug"guvgpfg"cvtcxêu"fq"vgorq0"
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fkuvkpvq."fg"ceqtfq"eqo"ugw"hko"gurgeîhkeq."ocu"go"igtcn"wvknk|co"ugortg"fqku"vkrqu"
fg"tgewtuqu"fguetkvkxqu<"vgzvwcku"*ngigpfcu"g"fguetkèùgu"fcu"cvkxkfcfgu"gzgewvcfcu+"g"
xkuwcku" *hqvqu." fgugpjqu." itâhkequ+0" Guugu" gngogpvqu" uçq" igtcnogpvg" fguetkvqu" fg"
hqtoc"c"ugiwktgo"woc"nkpjc"fg"vgorq"cvtcxêu"fc"uweguuçq"fg"gvcrcu"pcu"lqtpcfcu0"
Go"uîpvgug."woc"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"vgo"c"hwpèçq"fg"fguetgxgt"cu"oqfcnkfcfgu"fg"
kpvgtcèçq."cvtcxêu"fq"vgorq."gzkuvgpvgu"pguugu"ugtxkèqu0"
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Hkiwtc"7"⁄"Gzgornq"fg"woc"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"
"
"
87
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6050"Gzgteîekqu"fg"Tgeqogpfcèùgu"fg"Rtqlgvq"
Pquuc" rtkpekrcn" kpvgpèçq" pguuc" rctvg" ê" c" fg" eqortggpfgt" eqoq" ug" fçq" cu" cvwcku"
gzrgtkípekcu" fg" wuq" fqu" wuwâtkqu" pqu" rtqlgvqu" cdqtfcfqu." fg" oqfq" c" rtqrqtoqu"
tgeqogpfcèùgu" rqvgpekcnogpvg" ecrc|gu" fg" vqtpct" uwcu" lqtpcfcu" ocku" gpiclcfqtcu."
rctvkekrcvkxcu"g"tgeqorgpucfqtcu"rctc"ugwu"wuwâtkqu0"Fgxgoqu"fgkzct"enctq."rqtêo."swg"
pquuc"kpvgpèçq"pçq"ê"c"fg"kpxguvkict"fgvcnjcfcogpvg"pqu"rtqlgvqu"curgevqu"cnêo"fqu"fg"
uwcu"lqtpcfcu"fg"wuq"*uglco"gngu"curgevqu"cfokpkuvtcvkxqu."qticpk|cekqpcku."hkpcpegktqu"
gve+0" Qdlgvkxcoqu" kpxguvkict" cu" gzrgtkípekcu" fqu" wuwâtkqu88" rctc." cuuko."
eqortggpfgtoqu" eqoq" rqfgoqu" flgptkswgeí/ncu‚" cvtcxêu" fc" crnkecèçq" fqu" eqpegkvqu"
oqvkxcekqpcku"fg"icog"fgukip"rguswkucfqu0"
Pçq"rqfgoqu."pq"gpvcpvq."vgpvct"crgpcu"eqortggpfgt"kuqncfcogpvg"uwcu"lqtpcfcu"fg"wuq"
ugo" eqortggpfgtoqu" qwvtqu" fg" ugwu" curgevqu." oguoq" swg" guvgu" pçq" uglco" q" hqeq" fc"
pquuc" cpânkug0" Rqtvcpvq." rctc" vgtoqu" woc" xkuçq" ocku" igtcn" cegtec" fgngu." codqu" qu"
rtqlgvqu"hqtco"kpxguvkicfqu"g"cpcnkucfqu"cvtcxêu"fg"wo"eqplwpvq"fg"oêvqfqu<"tgcnk|cèçq"
fg" gpvtgxkuvcu." xkukvcèçq" äu" fgrgpfípekcu" fqu" rtqlgvqu." cpânkugu" fg" fcfqu" fkxgtuqu."
qdugtxcèùgu"fg"ecorq"g"ocrgcogpvq"fcu"cvwcku"gzrgtkípekcu"fg"wuq"fqu"oguoqu0"Guug"
eqplwpvq"fg"ectcevgtîuvkecu"hqk"tguwokfq"cvtcxêu"fc"hgttcogpvc"Dwukpguu"Oqfgn"Ecpxcu0"
605030"Rtkogktq"Rtqlgvq<"Tgekenc/EV"
60503030"Crtgugpvcèçq"
Q"Tgekenc/EV89"ê"wo"rtqitcoc"fg"eqngvc"ugngvkxc"fg"tguîfwqu"tgekenâxgku"swg"qrgtc"pq"
ecorwu" fq" Egpvtq" fg" Vgepqnqikc" fc" Wpkxgtukfcfg" Hgfgtcn" fq" Tkq" fg" Lcpgktq0" Q"
rtqitcoc"ê"rcvtqekpcfq"rgnc"Fgecpkc"fq"EV"g"rgnc"Rgvtqdtcu0"Q"rtqlgvq"fq"Tgekenc/EV"
vgxg" kpkekq" pq" cpq" fg" 4229." rqt" kpkekcvkxc" fc" rtôrtkc" Fgecpkc." swg." korwnukqpcfc" rgnq"
Fgetgvq"Hgfgtcn"70;628:."tguqnxgw"guvwfct"ogkqu"fg"kpvgitct"woc"uêtkg"fg"cèùgu"hqtocku"
g"kphqtocku"fg"eqngvc"ugngvkxc."go"cniwpu"fgrctvcogpvqu"fq"Egpvtq"fg"Vgepqnqikc0""
88
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rgnqu"fgugpxqnxgfqtgu"fqu"rtqlgvqu0"
"
89
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"
8:
"Swg"tguwokfcogpvg"kpuvkvwk"c"ugrctcèçq"fqu"tguîfwqu"tgekenâxgku"fguectvcfqu"rgnqu"ôtiçqu"g"gpvkfcfgu"
fc"cfokpkuvtcèçq"rûdnkec"hgfgtcn"pc"rtôrtkc"hqpvg"igtcfqtc."cnêo"fc"qdtkicvqtkgfcfg"fc"fguvkpcèçq"fguug"
ocvgtkcn" äu" cuuqekcèùgu" g" eqqrgtcvkxcu" fg" ecvcfqtgu" eqorgvgpvgu0" Fkurqpîxgn" go<"
>jvvr<11yyy0rncpcnvq0iqx0dt1eekxkna251aCvq4226/4228142281Fgetgvq1F7;620jvo@0"
329"
Fg" kpîekq" hqk" etkcfc" woc" eqokuuçq." hqtocfc" rqt" rtqhguuqtgu." ugtxkfqtgu" g" guvwfcpvgu"
wpkxgtukvâtkqu"rctc"fkuewvkt"c"etkcèçq"fg"wo"rtqitcoc"fg"eqngvc"ugngvkxc"pq"ecorwu0"Wo"
rtqlgvq" fg" hkpcpekcogpvq" hqk" crtgugpvcfq" ä" Rgvtqdtcu" g" crtqxcfq" rgnc" guvcvcn0" C" rctvkt"
fcî" kpkekctco/ug" cu" eqpvtcvcèùgu" fg" rguuqcn" g" c" eqortc" fg" gswkrcogpvqu0" Go" 4232." c"
Fgecpkc" fq" EV" hkpcnk|qw" c" eqpuvtwèçq" fq" egpvtq" fg" vtkcigo" fq" rtqitcoc." qpfg" qu"
ocvgtkcku" tgeqnjkfqu" uçq" rtgrctcfqu"g" gpecokpjcfqu" äu" eqqrgtcvkxcu" rctegktcu0" Eqo" q"
vêtokpq" fc" xgtdc" fc" Rgvtqdtcu." c" Fgecpkc" vqoqw" c" kpkekcvkxc" fg" cpgzct" q" swcftq" fg"
hwpekqpâtkqu"fq"rtqitcoc."fg"hqtoc"c"ocpví/nq"go"qrgtcèçq0"
60503040"Lwuvkhkecvkxc"
Q"Tgekenc/EV"hqk"ugngekqpcfq"rqt"vtíu"oqvkxqu"rtkpekrcku0"Rtkogktcogpvg."vtcvc/ug"fg"wo"
rtqlgvq"swg"vgo"eqoq"okuuçq"tgfw|kt"c"swcpvkfcfg"fg"tguîfwqu"tgekenâxgku"swg"tgegdgo"
fguvkpcèçq"kpcfgswcfc"pq"Egpvtq"fg"Vgepqnqikc0"Q"Tgekenc/EV"rqfg"ugt"eqortggpfkfq"
eqoq" wo" rtqitcoc" fg" tgfwèçq" fg" korcevq" codkgpvcn." tgcnk|cfq" cvtcxêu" fc" eqngvc"
ugngvkxc" fg" tguîfwqu" tgekenâxgku" g" fc" uwc" fguvkpcèçq" cfgswcfc." tgfw|kpfq" cuuko" q"
korcevq"vcpvq"fc"gzvtcèçq"swcpvq"fq"fguectvg"g"eqpuwoq"fqu"ocvgtkcku"swg"igtco"guugu"
tguîfwqu0""
Cnêo"fkuuq."q"Tgekenc/EV"qrgtc"pq"rtôrtkq"Egpvtq"fg"Vgepqnqikc."ugfg"fq"Rtqitcoc"fg"
Rôu/Itcfwcèçq" go" Gpigpjctkc" fg" Rtqfwèçq" fc" WHTL." go" woc" âtgc" tgncvkxcogpvg"
rgswgpc."dgo"fgnkokvcfc"g"fg"hâekn"ceguuq0"Cq"gueqnjgt"rguswkuct"q"Tgekenc/EV."rquuq"
vtcpukvct"gpvtg"uwc"ugfg"cfokpkuvtcvkxc."ugw"egpvtq"fg"vtkcigo"g"uwc"âtgc"fg"qrgtcèçq"fg"
hqtoc"fgueqornkecfc."rqku"vqfcu"guvçq"nqecnk|cfcu"rtôzkocu"wocu"äu"qwvtcu"g"fgpvtq"fq"
ecorwu"fq"Egpvtq"fg"Vgepqnqikc0"Rqt"hko."q"hcvq"fg"q"Tgekenc/EV"guvct"ukvwcfq"pwoc"
wpkxgtukfcfg" g" fg" ugt" ocpvkfq" rgnc" WHTL" q" vqtpc" vgqtkecogpvg" ocku" ceguuîxgn" g"
tgegrvkxq"c"guvwfcpvgu"g"rguswkucfqtgu0"
60503050"Guvcfq"cvwcn"fg"qrgtcèçq"
Q" Tgekenc/EV" cvwc" dcukecogpvg" fkurqpkdknk|cpfq" eqngvqtgu." nkzgktcu" g" ecècodcu" rctc"
eqngvc"ugngvkxc"fg"tguîfwqu"rgnq"ecorwu"fq"Egpvtq"fg"Vgepqnqikc."qpfg"tgeqnjg"fgufg"qu"
ocvgtkcku" tgekenâxgku" ocku" eqowpu" *rcrgn." rnâuvkeq." xkftq" g" ogvcn+" cvê" tguîfwqu" swg"
cvwcnogpvg" pgeguukvco" fg" rtqeguuqu" fg" tgekencigo" ocku" eqorngzqu" *kuqrqt." ôngq"
xgigvcn." rknjcu" g" nãorcfcu" hnwqtguegpvgu+0" Q" rtqitcoc" tgeqnjg" ckpfc" ocvgtkcku" g"
gswkrcogpvqu"gngvtõpkequ0""
32:"
Cvwcnogpvg" q" Tgekenc/EV" tgeqnjg" guugu" tguîfwqu" dcukecogpvg" fg" fwcu" ocpgktcu0" C"
rtkogktc"oqfcnkfcfg"ê"c"fg"tgeqnjkogpvq"pcu"nkzgktcu"qw"ecècodcu"fkurqpkdknk|cfcu"rgnc"
âtgc" fq" Egpvtq" fg" Vgepqnqikc0" Lâ" c" ugiwpfc" oqfcnkfcfg" qrgtc" tgeqnjgpfq" xqnwogu"
ockqtgu" fg" ocvgtkcku" pqu" fgrctvcogpvqu" swg" tgcnk|co" c" uqnkekvcèçq" fg" tgeqnjkogpvq" ⁄
qrgtcèçq"swg"rqfg"ugt"rgtuqpcnk|cfc"g"cigpfcfc."rctc"ockqt"eqoqfkfcfg"fqu"wuwâtkqu0"
C"rctvg"fg"iguvçq"fq"rtqitcoc"qrgtc"pc"Fgecpkc"fq"EV."gpswcpvq"swg"c"qrgtcekqpcn"*fg"
ugrctcèçq."rgucigo."rtgpucigo"g"vtcpurqtvg"fg"ocvgtkcku+"qrgtc"pq"egpvtq"fg"vtkcigo0"
Go" vgtoqu" igtcku." q" Tgekenc/EV" ê" wo" rtqitcoc" swg" tgcnk|c" wo" vtcdcnjq" fg" eqngvc"
ugngvkxc" fg" ocvgtkcku" tgekenâxgku." fguvkpcpfq/qu" c" qticpk|cèùgu" swg" rquuco" tgekenâ/nqu"
fg"hqtoc"cfgswcfc0"Q"rtqitcoc"tgcnk|c"nkekvcèùgu"rctc"fgvgtokpct"eqo"swg"eqqrgtcvkxcu"
ktâ"vtcdcnjct"g"hqtpgeg"itcvwkvcogpvg"qu"ocvgtkcku"tgeqnjkfqu"äu"eqqrgtcvkxcu."kpenwukxg"
ctecpfq"eqo"ugw"vtcpurqtvg0"
Xcng"fguvcect"ckpfc"swg"ug"vtcvc"fg"wo"rtqitcoc"rknqvq"fc"WHTL."swg"rtgvgpfg"cfswktkt"
gzrgtkípekc" eqo" q" Tgekenc/EV" rctc." hwvwtcogpvg." korngogpvct" rtqitcocu" go" oqnfgu"
ugognjcpvgu"go"qwvtcu"âtgcu"fc"wpkxgtukfcfg0"Woc"fcu"ogvcu"ê"lwuvcogpvg"c"fg"ugtxkt"fg"
ncdqtcvôtkq"rctc"wo"hwvwtq"rtqlgvq"fg"gzrcpuçq"fg"ukuvgocu"fg"eqngvc"ugngvkxc"go"vqfc"c"
WHTL0"
60503060"Business Model Canvas"
Rctc" q" fgugpxqnxkogpvq" fq" Dwukpguu" Oqfgn" Ecpxcu" fq" Tgekenc/EV." q" rtqlgvq" hqk"
cpcnkucfq"fg"ceqtfq"eqo"c"ugiwkpvg"ogvqfqnqikc<"
30 Tgcnk|cèçq"fg"fwcu"gpvtgxkuvcu"eqo"c"igtgpvg"fq"Tgekenc/EV."Vcvkcpc"Vgkzgktc0"C"
rtkogktc" gpvtgxkuvc" ugtxkw" rctc" swg" rwfguug" eqpjgegt" q" rtqitcoc" g" uwcu"
kpuvcncèùgu0" C" ugiwpfc" ugtxkw" rctc" wo" crtqhwpfcogpvq" pc" rguswkuc" g" q"
guenctgekogpvq"fg"swguvùgu"rgpfgpvgu"cvê"cswgng"oqogpvq="
40 Vtíu" xkukvcu" cq" Egpvtq" fg" Vtkcigo." woc" ceqorcpjcfc" fc" rtôrtkc" Vcvkcpc"
Vgkzgktc."qwvtc"rctc"qdugtxcèçq"gzvgtpc"fq"hwpekqpcogpvq"fq"rtqitcoc"g"qwvtc"
rctc" qdvgpèçq" fg" kocigpu" fq" nqecn." fc" rctvg" kpvgtpc" g" gzvgtpc0" Rwfg" qdugtxct"
rctvg" fq" vtcdcnjq" fqu" hwpekqpâtkqu" fq" egpvtq" fg" vtkcigo." eqpjgegt" qu"
gswkrcogpvqu"wvknk|cfqu."eqpxgtuct"eqo"cniwpu"fgngu"g"vktct"hqvqu"fq"nqecn="
32;"
50 Cpânkug"fq"ukvg"g"fqu"ocvgtkcku"fg"fkxwnicèçq"fq"rtqitcoc0"Go"okpjc"rtkogktc"
xkukvc." tgegdk" wo" flmkv‚" fg" fkxwnicèçq" swg" eqpvkpjc" hknkrgvcu." hqnfgtu." têiwcu"
rtqfw|kfcu"eqo"ocvgtkcku"tgekenâxgku"g"hqnjgvqu"kphqtocvkxqu="
60 Qdugtxcèçq" g" tgeqpjgekogpvq" fq" vgttkvôtkq" fg" qrgtcèçq" fq" rtqitcoc0" Tgcnk|gk"
cniwocu"xkukvcu"cq"Egpvtq"fg"Vgepqnqikc"gurgekhkecogpvg"rctc"qdugtxct"curgevqu"
g"hwpekqpcnkfcfgu"fq"rtqlgvq."vcku"eqoq"c"fkurqukèçq"fcu"nkzgktcu"g"fcu"ecècodcu"
fg" tgeqnjkogpvq." c" htgswípekc" eqo" swg" guvcu" gtco" wvknk|cfcu" rgnqu" vtcpugwpvgu"
gve="
70 Cpânkug" fqu" fcfqu" g" kphqtocèùgu" qdvkfcu" pqu" rtqeguuqu" cekoc" tgncvcfqu." cnêo"
fqu"fcfqu"fkurqpîxgku"pq"ukvg"fq"rtqitcoc="
80 Gudqèq" fq" Dwukpguu" Oqfgn" Ecpxcu." ugiwkfq" fc" crtgugpvcèçq" fguugu" fcfqu" ä"
igtgpvg"fq"rtqitcoc"*Vcvkcpc"Vgkzgktc+."rctc"guenctgekogpvq"fg"rqpvqu"cvê"gpvçq"
kpegtvqu0"
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332"
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Hkiwtc"8"⁄"Dwukpguu"Oqfgn"Ecpxcu"*xgtuçq"cfcrvcfc+"fq"rtqitcoc"Tgekenc/EV"
"
Rtqrqukèùgu" fg" Xcnqt *Value Propositions+<" Q" Tgekenc/EV" ê" wo" rtqitcoc" fg" eqngvc"
ugngvkxc" fg" ocvgtkcku" tgekenâxgku" swg" fqc" guugu" ocvgtkcku" c" eqqrgtcvkxcu" ngicnk|cfcu" g"
vgepkecogpvg"crvcu"c"fct/njgu"woc"fguvkpcèçq"codkgpvcnogpvg"eqttgvc0""
Pguvg" ecorq" fg" rtggpejkogpvq" fguvcecoqu" swcvtq" kvgpu0" Q" rtkogktq" vtcvc" fc" eqngvc"
ugngvkxc"rctc"tgekencigo."hwpèçq"rtkoâtkc"fq"rtqitcoc0"Q"Tgekenc/EV."gpvtg"vqfcu"uwcu"
cvkxkfcfgu." ê." rtkogktcogpvg." wo" rtqlgvq" swg" tgeqnjg" ocvgtkcku" tgekenâxgku" rctc" swg"
uglco"dgpghkekcfqu"rqt"vgtegktqu0"C"eqngvc"ugngvkxc"ê"c"cèçq"swg"flfgvqpc‚"vqfcu"cu"qwvtcu"
cèùgu"fq"rtqitcoc"g"ê"go"hwpèçq"fgnc"swg"q"rtqitcoc"qrgtc0"Q"ugiwpfq"kvgo"vtcvc"fc"
fguvkpcèçq"codkgpvcnogpvg"cfgswcfc0"Fg"pcfc"cfkcpvctkc"tgeqnjgt"q"nkzq"ugo"swg"guug"
hquug"cfgswcfcogpvg"gpecokpjcfq"c"eqqrgtcvkxcu"ecrc|gu"fg"tgekenâ/nq0"Q"Tgekenc/EV"
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ckpfc" pq" ecorq" uwrgtkqt" c" kpfkecèçq" fqu" fcfqu" fc" lqtpcfc" g" fc" rgtuqpc" ugngekqpcfc"
rctc" tgrtgugpvâ/nc0" Pq" ecpvq" uwrgtkqt"fktgkvq."pqvcoqu"wo"gurcèq"rctc"swg"ug"eqnqswg"
woc"hqvq"fc"rgtuqpc"ugngekqpcfc0"
Cpvgu" fg" kpkekctoqu." wo" ûnvkoq" guenctgekogpvq" swcpvq" ä" wvknk|cèçq" fc" hgttcogpvc"
rgtuqpcu0"Go"ecfc"woc"fcu"vtíu"lqtpcfcu"c"ugtgo"vtcdcnjcfcu."vgtgoqu"ugngekqpcfc"woc"
93
"Cu"cèùgu"guvçq"fguetkvcu"pqu"ecorqu"go"hwpfq"dtcpeq0"
"
339"
rgtuqpc"gurgeîhkec."gueqnjkfc"fqu"swcftqu"fg"rgtuqpcu"swg"ugtçq"crtgugpvcfqu"cdckzq0"
Crguct" fg." eqoq" lâ" ogpekqpcfq." gzkuvktgo" vtíu" rquuîxgku" lqtpcfcu" fg" wvknk|cèçq" fqu"
ugtxkèqu" fq" rtqitcoc." c" ugiwpfc" g" vgtegktc"lqtpcfcu" uçq"owkvq" ugognjcpvgu" gpvtg" uk" g."
ugiwpfq" pquuq" gpvgpfkogpvq." vío" rgthku" fg" wuwâtkqu" vcodêo" ugognjcpvgu0" Rqt" eqpvc"
fguug"hcvq."rtgrctcoqu"flcrgpcu‚"fqku"swcftqu"fg"rgtuqpcu."wo"rctc"c"rtkogktc"lqtpcfc"
fg"wvknk|cèçq"g"qwvtq"rctc"c"ugiwpfc"g"vgtegktc"lqtpcfcu."fg"qpfg"ugngekqpctgoqu"wo"fqu"
rquuîxgku"wuwâtkqu"*qw"rgtuqpcu+"ectcevgtk|cfqu"rctc"flgzrgtkogpvct‚"q"ugtxkèq0"Xglcoqu"
go"ugiwkfc"c"rtkogktc"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"fq"Tgekenc/EV0"
Lqtpcfc"fg"Ugtxkèq"3"
Rgtuqpcu"rtgxkuvcu"rctc"wvknk|ct"c"rtkogktc"lqtpcfc"fq"Tgekenc/EV<"
"
Hkiwtc":"⁄"Rgtuqpcu"rtgxkuvcu"rctc"wvknk|cèçq"fc"rtkogktc"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"fq"Tgekenc/EV"
Q" swcftq" cekoc" tgvtcvc"cniwpu" fqu"rgthku"gurgtcfqu"rctc"wvknk|ct"q"Tgekenc/EV"go"uwc"
rtkogktc" oqfcnkfcfg" fg"lqtpcfc." swg" vtcvc" fqu" wuwâtkqu" swg" wuco" cu" nkzgktcu" eqnqtkfcu"
fq" rtqitcoc" rctc" ug" nkxtctgo" fg" rgswgpcu" swcpvkfcfgu" fg" nkzq0" Rctc" c" knwuvtctoqu" c"
gzrgtkípekc" fg" woc" fguucu" rgtuqpcu" cvtcxêu" fc" hgttcogpvc" Lqtpcfc" fg" Ugtxkèq."
33:"
ugngekqpctgoqu"c"rgtuqpc"Tqdgtvc"Hgtpcpfg|94"fgpvtg"qu"rgthku"fkurqpîxgku0"C"kpvgpèçq"
fg"igtct"wo"swcftq"eqo"cniwocu"qrèùgu"fg"rgtuqpcu"ä"fkurqukèçq"ê"c"fg"gzgornkhkect"
vkrqu"fg"rgthku"ocku"gurgtcfqu"rctc"c"wvknk|cèçq"fq"ugtxkèq0"
Xglcoqu"q"rgthkn"fg"Tqdgtvc<"
Tqdgtvc"Hgtpcpfg|"vgo"62"cpqu"g"guvâ"hc|gpfq"fqwvqtcfq"go"Gpigpjctkc"Swîokec"pq"
Egpvtq" fg" Vgepqnqikc0" Cvwc" vcodêo" eqoq" rtqhguuqtc" uwduvkvwvc" g" fâ" cwncu" rctc" c"
itcfwcèçq" fq" ewtuq" fg" Gpigpjctkc" Swîokec" pq" oguoq" ecorwu0" Rqt" eqpvc" fg" uwcu"
vctghcu"eqoq"rtqhguuqtc"g"fqwvqtcpfc."htgswgpvc"q"Egpvtq"fg"Vgepqnqikc"egtec"fg"vtíu"
xg|gu"rqt"ugocpc."pcu"ocpjçu"g"vctfgu0"Pguugu"fkcu."cnoqèc"pqu"vtckngtu"fq"ecorwu"g"
wvknk|c"cu"nkzgktcu"fq"Tgekenc/EV"rctc"fgrqukvct"q"nkzq"swg"eqpuqog0"Tqdgtvc"rqfg"ugt"
eqpukfgtcfc"woc"wuwâtkc"cvkxc"fq"ugtxkèq"*go"rtkogktc"oqfcnkfcfg"fg"lqtpcfc+0""
Cfkcpvg."pc"hkiwtc";."vgoqu"c"tgrtgugpvcèçq"itâhkec"fc"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"fg"Tqdgtvc"pq"
Tgekenc/EV"g"c"fguetkèçq"vgzvwcn"fg"ecfc"woc"fcu"gvcrcu"fc"lqtpcfc0"
"
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94
" Pguug" gzgornq." cuuko" eqoq" go" vqfqu" qu" uwdugswgpvgu." ktgoqu" eqpukfgtct" c" lqtpcfcu" fcu" rgtuqpcu"
eqoq"ug"hquugo"uwcu"rtkogktcu"gzrgtkípekcu"wvknk|cpfq"qu"ugtxkèqu"fq"Tgekenc/EV."rctc"rqfgtoqu"knwuvtct"
cuuko"vqfcu"cu"gvcrcu"rquuîxgku"fg"wvknk|cèçq"fq"oguoq0"Ugo"guuc"qdugtxcèçq"rqfgtîcoqu"fgueqpukfgtct"
cniwpu"curgevqu"fcu"rtkogktcu"g"ugiwpfcu"gvcrcu"fcu"lqtpcfcu"fg"ugtxkèq"knwuvtcfcu0""
33;"
"
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"
342"
Hkiwtc";"⁄"Rtkogktc"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"fq"Tgekenc/EV"
"
Gpiclcogpvq<" Tqdgtvc" kpkekc" uwc" lqtpcfc" pq" oqogpvq" flgpiclcogpvq‚." swcpfq." pq"
swcftq" kpvkvwncfq" flEqpjgeg" q" Tgekenc/EV‚." cq" vtcpukvct" rgnq" codkgpvg" fq" Egpvtq" fg"
Vgepqnqikc."vqoc"eqpjgekogpvq"fg"wo"rtqlgvq"fg"eqngvc"ugngvkxc"cvtcxêu"fc"qdugtxcèçq"
fg"nkzgktcu"eqnqtkfcu"*swg"ugtxgo"eqoq"fgrôukvq"rctc"vkrqu"gurgeîhkequ"fg"ocvgtkcku"qw"
tguîfwqu+" gurcnjcfcu" rgnq" ecorwu0" Pc" rtkogktc" gvcrc." Tqdgtvc." swg" ug" kfgpvkhkec" eqo"
swguvùgu"tgncekqpcfcu"cq"ogkq"codkgpvg."ocpkhguvc"ewtkqukfcfg"c"tgurgkvq"fcu"nkzgktcu0"
Gpiclcogpvq/Gpvtcfc<" Pc" gvcrc" ugiwkpvg." flVgo" q" nkzq" go" oçqu‚." Tqdgtvc." cq" ug"
fgrctct" eqo" c" pgeguukfcfg" fg" fguectvct" cniwo" ocvgtkcn" eqpuwokfq" pcswgng" oqogpvq."
tgeqtfc/ug"fcu"nkzgktcu"eqnqtkfcu"g"rtqewtc"woc"fgncu0"
Gpvtcfc<" Pguvc" gvcrc." kpvkvwncfc" flXí" c" nkzgktc‚." Tqdgtvc" hc|" eqpvcvq" xkuwcn" eqo" cu"
nkzgktcu" fq" Tgekenc/EV" g" ug" fktkig" cvê" gncu" eqo" ugw" nkzq0" Cq" xkuwcnk|â/ncu." guvcdgngeg"
eqoq" qdlgvkxq" kt" cvê" gncu" eqo" c" rtgvgpuçq" fg" ug" nkxtct" fq" nkzq" fg" ocpgktc"
codkgpvcnogpvg"cfgswcfc0"
Kogtuçq<"Pc"gvcrc"flNí"cu"kpuvtwèùgu‚."Tqdgtvc"guvâ"rqukekqpcfc"fkcpvg"fcu"nkzgktcu"go"
dwuec" fg" kpuvtwèùgu" swg" c" qtkgpvgo" c" wvknk|â/ncu" cfgswcfcogpvg0" Tqdgtvc" xkuwcnk|c" c"
rncec"eqo"cu"kpuvtwèùgu"fg"wuq"g"eqogèc"c"ní/ncu."eqortggpfgpfq"qpfg"fgxg"fgrqukvct"
qu" ocvgtkcku" swg" vío" go" oçqu0" Pguug" oqogpvq." vcodêo" xí" q" pqog" fq" rtqitcoc" fg"
eqngvc0"Guvc"ê"woc"hcug"swg"ug"kpkekc"eqo"c"kpegtvg|c"cegtec"fg"eqoq"wvknk|ct"cu"nkzgktcu"g"
vgtokpc"eqo"c"ugpucèçq"fg"crtgpfk|cfq"crôu"c"eqortggpuçq"fcu"kpuvtwèùgu"fg"wuq0""
Ucîfc<"Pc"gvcrc"ugiwkpvg."flLqic"q"nkzq‚."Tqdgtvc"lqic"qu"tguîfwqu"swg"vío"go"oçqu"pcu"
fgxkfcu" nkzgktcu." ugiwkpfq" cu" kpfkecèùgu" kphqtocfcu0" Pguvg" oqogpvq." c" lqtpcfc"
rtcvkecogpvg"ejgic"cq"hko."eqo"Tqdgtvc"hc|gpfq"uwc"rctvg"eqoq"wuwâtkc"fq"rtqitcoc"
Tgekenc/EV0"C"ugpucèçq"ocku"eqowo"pguvc"gvcrc."ugiwpfq"pquuq"gpvgpfkogpvq."ê"c"fg"
eqpvtkdwkèçq" qw" eqncdqtcèçq" eqo" wo" rtqlgvq" swg" dwuec" fct" woc" fguvkpcèçq" cfgswcfc"
cqu"tguîfwqu"eqpuwokfqu"pq"Egpvtq"fg"Vgepqnqikc0"
Gzvgpuçq<" Guvc" ûnvkoc" gvcrc." fgpqokpcfc" flTgvqtpq" fq" Tgekenc/EV‚." lâ" pçq" kphnwgpekc"
fktgvcogpvg"pc"lqtpcfc."ocu"rqfg"vgt"ghgkvqu"rqukvkxqu"uqdtg"ugwu"rctvkekrcpvgu0"Ö"pguug"
oqogpvq"swg"qu"wuwâtkqu"equvwoco"ug"kphqtoct"cegtec"fqu"tguwnvcfqu"eqngvkxqu"igtcfqu"
rqt"uwcu"cèùgu"pq"rtqitcoc0"Pq"ecuq"fguuc"lqtpcfc."Tqdgtvc"xck"cvê"q"ukvg"fq"Tgekenc/
EV"g"rqfg"qdugtxct"qu"itâhkequ"g"tgncvôtkqu"swg"q"rtqitcoc"fkurqpkdknk|c"kphqtocpfq"cu"
swcpvkfcfgu"fg"ocvgtkcku"tgeqnjkfqu"g"tgekencfqu0"Pguvc"hcug."Tqdgtvc"vgo"c"ugpucèçq"fg"
tgvqtpq"rqt"vgt"eqpvtkdwîfq"eqo"cniq"swg"vtqwzg"cniwo"dgpghîekq"ä"uqekgfcfg0"
343"
Lqtpcfc"fg"Ugtxkèq"4"
Rgtuqpcu"rtgxkuvcu"rctc"wvknk|ctgo"c"ugiwpfc"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"fq"Tgekenc/EV<"
"
Hkiwtc"32"⁄"Rgtuqpcu"fgugpxqnxkfcu"rctc"c"ugiwpfc"lqtpcfc"fq"Tgekenc/EV"
Q" swcftq" cekoc" tgvtcvc" fwcu" rgtuqpcu" rtgxkuvcu" rctc" wvknk|ctgo" q" Tgekenc/EV" go" uwc"
ugiwpfc"oqfcnkfcfg"fg"lqtpcfc."swg"vtcvc"gurgekhkecogpvg"fqu"wuwâtkqu"swg"wvknk|co"qu"
ugtxkèqu" fg" cigpfcogpvq" g" eqngvc" fgrctvcogpvcn0" Rctc" knwuvtctoqu" guvc" lqtpcfc."
ugngekqpctgoqu"c"rgtuqpc"Oâtekc"Dcuvqu<"
Oâtekc" Dcuvqu" vgo" 54" cpqu" g" hqk" tgegpvgogpvg"kpvgitcfc" cq" hwpekqpcnkuoq" rûdnkeq0" Ö"
hqtocfc" go" Fktgkvq." ocu" pçq" ejgiqw" c" gzgtegt" cvkxcogpvg" c" rtqhkuuçq" g" qrvqw" rqt"
guvwfct"rctc"eqpewtuqu"rûdnkequ0"Hqk"cfokvkfc"eqoq"cwzknkct"cfokpkuvtcvkxc"fq"cpq"fg"
422;" g" kpvgitc" q" swcftq" fg" ugtxkfqtgu" fg" wo" fgrctvcogpvq" fq" Egpvtq" fg" Vgepqnqikc"
fgufg" gpvçq0" Oâtekc" guvâ" cvwcnogpvg" gpecttgicfc" fg" tguqnxgt" cniwocu" rgpfípekcu"
cfokpkuvtcvkxcu=" gpvtg" gncu." c" fg" ug" nkxtct" fq" gzeguuq" fg" rcrêku" g" eckzcu" fg" rcrgnçq"
cewowncfqu0"Rctc"pçq"lqiâ/nqu"pq"nkzq."fgekfkw"tgeqttgt"cq"Tgekenc/EV0"
Go" ugiwkfc." pc" hkiwtc" 33." c" tgrtgugpvcèçq"itâhkec"fc"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"fg"Oâtekc"pq"
Tgekenc/EV"g"c"fguetkèçq"fg"ecfc"woc"fcu"gvcrcu"fc"lqtpcfc0"
344"
345"
Hkiwtc"33"⁄"Ugiwpfc"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"fq"Tgekenc/EV"
"
Gpiclcogpvq<" Oâtekc" kpkekc" uwc" lqtpcfc" pq" oqogpvq" flgpiclcogpvq‚." swcpfq." go"
flEqpjgeg"q"Tgekenc/EV‚."vgo"pqvîekcu"fg"wo"rtqitcoc"fg"eqngvc"ugngvkxc"pq"Egpvtq"fg"
Vgepqnqikc0"Eqpukfgtctgoqu."pguug"ecuq95."swg"guvg"rtkogktq"eqpvcvq"ug"fgw"cvtcxêu"fc"
qdugtxcèçq"fg"Oâtekc"fcu"nkzgktcu"eqnqtkfcu"gurcnjcfcu"rgnq"EV"g"fg"uwc"rquvgtkqt"xkukvc"
cq"ukvg"fq"rtqitcoc."rctc"ug"kphqtoct"ognjqt"c"tgurgkvq"fgng0"Pguvc"gvcrc."Oâtekc."swg"
guvâ" kpewodkfc" fg" ug" nkxtct" fg" cniwpu" ocvgtkcku" go" ugw" fgrctvcogpvq." kpvgtguuc/ug" fg"
kogfkcvq"rqt"eqpjgegt"ognjqt"q"rtqitcoc0"
Gpiclcogpvq/Gpvtcfc<"Pc"gvcrc"ugiwkpvg."kpvkvwncfc"flXkukvc"q"ukvg‚."Oâtekc."lâ"eqo"c"
pgeguukfcfg"fg"ug"nkxtct"fqu"ocvgtkcku"cewowncfqu"go"ugw"fgrctvcogpvq."ceguuc" q"ukvg"
go"dwuec"fg"ocku"kphqtocèùgu"uqdtg"q"rtqitcoc0"Oâtekc"crtgpfg"uqdtg"q"Tgekenc/EV"g"
qdugtxc" c" gzkuvípekc" fg" wo" ugtxkèq" fg" eqngvc" fgrctvcogpvcn" fq" oguoq" swg" rqfg" ugt"
cigpfcfq0" Vcodêo" qdugtxc" gzkuvktgo" ckpfc" ecècodcu" fg" tgeqnjkogpvq" rctc" itcpfgu"
swcpvkfcfgu"fg"nkzq"pqu"hwpfqu"fg"ecfc"wo"fqu"dnqequ"fq"Egpvtq"fg"Vgepqnqikc."qpfg"
gnc"rqfg"kt"fgrqukvct"q"nkzq0"
Gpvtcfc<" Pc" gvcrc" flCpcnkuc" ugw" nkzq‚." Oâtekc." lâ" vgpfq" go" ogpvg" qu" ugtxkèqu" fq"
Tgekenc/EV."cpcnkuc."tgûpg"g"rtgrctc"qu"ocvgtkcku"c"ugtgo"fguectvcfqu0"Guvc"ê"wo"gvcrc"
fg" cpânkug" g" qticpk|cèçq" fq" ocvgtkcn" fq" swcn" rtgvgpfg" ug" fguhc|gt." cuuko" eqoq" fg"
fgekuçq"uqdtg"ä"swcn"oqfcnkfcfg"fq"ugtxkèq"*fguectvg"pcu"ecècodcu"qw"cigpfcogpvq"fg"
eqngvc+"ktâ"tgeqttgt0"
Gpvtcfc/Kogtuçq<" C"lqtpcfc"rqfg"ug" fgufqdtct" go" fqku" ecokpjqu." rqku" Oâtekc" rqfg"
fgekfkt"vcpvq"ngxct"q"ocvgtkcn"gnc"oguoc"cvê"cu"ecècodcu."swg"ewnokpctkc"pc"gvcrc"flNgxc"
q" nkzq" cq" eqpvckpgt‚." swcpvq" nkict" rctc" q" Tgekenc/EV" g" cigpfct" q" tgeqnjkogpvq." swg"
ewnokpctkc"pc"hcug"flEqpvcevc"q"Tgekenc/EV‚0"Xcoqu"cuuwokt"cswk"swg"Oâtekc"qrvqw"rgnc"
qrèçq"fg"eqpvcvct"q"rtqitcoc."rqku"q"xqnwog"fg"ocvgtkcn"go"ugw"fgrctvcogpvq"pgeguukvc"
fg"xâtkcu"flxkcigpu‚"qw"rguuqcu"rctc"vtcpurqtvâ/nq0"Fguuc"ocpgktc."Oâtekc"vgnghqpc"rctc"q"
rtqitcoc" g" cigpfc" woc" fcvc" eqpxgpkgpvg0" Pguvc" hcug." Oâtekc" vgo" swg" kpvgtcikt" eqo"
cniwêo"fgueqpjgekfq"*swg"cvgpfg"qu"vgnghqpgocu"g"cigpfc"cu"eqngvcu+"g"vqoct"ekípekc"
fg"cniwpu"rtqegfkogpvqu"pgeguuâtkqu"rctc"q"tgeqnjkogpvq"fgrctvcogpvcn0""
Kogtuçq<"Pc"gvcrc"flTgegdg"q"Tgekenc/EV‚."Oâtekc"ciwctfc"c"ejgicfc"fqu"hwpekqpâtkqu"
swg"ktçq"tgeqnjgt"qu"ocvgtkcku0"Oâtekc"fgxg"guvct"go"guvcfq"fg"kpegtvg|c"cvê"c"ejgicfc"
fqu"hwpekqpâtkqu"fq"rtqitcoc."tgegrekqpcpfq"g"kpvgtcikpfq"eqo"gngu"crôu"uwc"ejgicfc."
95
"Ocpgktcu"rgncu"swcku"Oâtekc"rqfgtkc"vgt"eqpjgekfq"q"Tgekenc/EV<"cvtcxêu"fg"rguswkucu"pc"kpvgtpgv."fc"
xkuwcnk|cèçq" fc" râikpc" fq" rtqitcoc" pq" Hcegdqqm." fq" tgegdkogpvq" fg" cniwo" ocvgtkcn" fg" fkxwnicèçq"
*hn{gtu."hqnfgtu"gve+."cvtcxêu"fg"eqpxgtucu"eqo"qwvtqu"wuwâtkqu0"
346"
rctc"rqfgt"njgu"kpfkect"q"ocvgtkcn"c"ugt"tgeqnjkfq0"Guvc"ê"woc"hcug"octecfc"rgnc"gurgtc."
kpegtvg|c"g"kpvgtcèçq"eqo"qu"hwpekqpâtkqu"swg"ktçq"hc|gt"q"tgeqnjkogpvq0"
Ucîfc<"Pc"gvcrc"flCeqorcpjcogpvq‚."Oâtekc"cuuguuqtc"q"tgeqnjkogpvq"fq"nkzq."vqocpfq"
ewkfcfq"rctc"swg"pcfc"uglc"tgeqnjkfq"rqt"gpicpq"qw"fgkzg"fg"ugt"tgeqnjkfq0"
Gzvgpuçq<" C" ûnvkoc" gvcrc." flTgvqtpq" fq" Tgekenc/EV‚." cuuko" eqoq" c" rtkogktc" lqtpcfc"
tgvtcvcfc."lâ"pçq"kphnwgpekc"fktgvcogpvg"pc"lqtpcfc"fg"wvknk|cèçq"fq"rtqlgvq."ocu"rqfg"vgt"
ghgkvqu"rqukvkxqu"uqdtg"ugwu"rctvkekrcpvgu0"Ö"pguug"oqogpvq"swg"qu"wuwâtkqu"rqfgo"vgt"
ekípekc"fqu"ghgkvqu"fg"uwcu"cèùgu"pc"guhgtc"eqngvkxc0"Pguvc"gvcrc."Oâtekc"ceguuc"c"râikpc"
fq"Tgekenc/EV"g"qdugtxc"qu"itâhkequ"g"tgncvôtkqu"tguwokfqu"fq"rtqitcoc."swg"kphqtoco"
c"swcpvkfcfg"fg"ocvgtkcku"tgeqnjkfqu"g"tgekencfqu0"Cuuko."Oâtekc"rqfg"vgt"c"ugpucèçq"fg"
tgvqtpq"qw"tgeqorgpuc"rqt"vgt"eqpvtkdwîfq"go"wo"rtqitcoc"swg"dgpghkekc"c"uqekgfcfg"
go"vgtoqu"uqekqcodkgpvcku0"
Lqtpcfc"fg"Ugtxkèq"5"
Rgtuqpc"rtgxkuvc"rctc"wvknk|ct"c"vgtegktc"lqtpcfc"fg"wvknk|cèçq"fq"rtqitcoc<"
"
Hkiwtc"34"⁄"Rgtuqpc"rctc"c"vgtegktc"lqtpcfc"fg"wvknk|cèçq"fq"Tgekenc/EV"
347"
Q" swcftq" cekoc" fguetgxg" c" rgtuqpc" etkcfc" rctc" knwuvtct"c" vgtegktc" lqtpcfc" fq" Tgekenc/
EV."swg"vtcvc"gurgekhkecogpvg"fqu"wuwâtkqu"swg"wvknk|co"qu"ugtxkèqu"fg"cigpfcogpvq"g"
eqngvc" fgrctvcogpvcn" rctc" q" tgeqnjkogpvq" qw" fqcèçq" fg" ocvgtkcku" g" tguîfwqu"
gngvtqgngvtõpkequ0" Guuc" lqtpcfc" ê" ugognjcpvg" ä" cpvgtkqt<" rqtêo." fkhgtgpekc/ug" fgnc" go"
cniwpu" curgevqu." eqoq" rgnc" pgeguukfcfg" fg" crtgugpvcèçq" fg" woc" fgenctcèçq" cegtec" fq"
ocvgtkcn" c" ugt" tgeqnjkfq." rqt" swguvùgu" rtkpekrcnogpvg" xkpewncfcu" cq" eqpvtqng" fg"
rcvtkoõpkq" fc" wpkxgtukfcfg0" Rctc" knwuvtctoqu" guvc" lqtpcfc." ugngekqpcoqu" c" rgtuqpc"
Dgtpctfq"Swkpvcpknjc0"
Dgtpctfq" Swkpvcpknjc" vgo" 63" cpqu" g" vtcdcnjc" eqoq" vêepkeq" fg" kphqtoâvkec" fq"
NCOEG1WHTL"*Ncdqtcvôtkq"fg"Oêvqfqu"Eqorwvcekqpcku"go"Gpigpjctkc+0"Ö"itcfwcfq"
go" Ekípekcu" fc" Eqorwvcèçq" g" vtcdcnjc" jâ" 32" cpqu" pq" oguoq" ugvqt." ewkfcpfq" fc"
ocpwvgpèçq" fqu" eqorwvcfqtgu" fq" ncdqtcvôtkq." go" tgikog" fg" 62" jqtcu0" Cvwcnogpvg."
iquvctkc" fg" ug" fguhc|gt" fg" cniwpu" gswkrcogpvqu" ugo" ugtxgpvkc." ocu" pçq" swgt"
ukornguogpvg" lqiâ/nqu" pq" nkzq." rqku" ucdg" fq" xcnqt" fg" ugwu" eqorqpgpvgu" g" ocvgtkcku0"
Kphqtocpfq/ug" c" tgurgkvq" fg" rtqitcocu" fg" tgeqnjkogpvq" fg" ocvgtkcku" gngvtõpkequ."
Dgtpctfq"cxcnkc"c"rquukdknkfcfg"fg"tgeqttgt"cq"Tgekenc/EV0"
Pc" hkiwtc" 35." vgoqu" c" tgrtgugpvcèçq" itâhkec" fc" lqtpcfc" fg" ugtxkèq" fg" Dgtpctfq0" Go"
ugiwkfc."c"gzrnkecèçq"fg"ecfc"woc"fcu"gvcrcu"fc"lqtpcfc0"
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gpxqnxgt"rtqfwvqu"fg"rcvtkoõpkq"fc"WHTL."swg"pgeguukvco"fg"wo"rtqeguuq"fg"fgurcvtkoqpkcnk|cèçq"rctc"ugtgo"fqcfqu"qw"fguectvcfqu0"
96
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Hkiwtc"35"⁄"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"pûogtq"5"fq"Tgekenc/EV96"
"
Gpiclcogpvq<" Dgtpctfq" kpkekc" uwc" lqtpcfc" pq" oqogpvq" Gpiclcogpvq0" Pc" gvcrc"
flEqpjgeg" q" tgekenc/EV‚." vqoc" eqpjgekogpvq" fg" wo" rtqitcoc" fg" eqngvc" ugngvkxc" pq"
ecorwu" fq" Egpvtq" fg" Vgepqnqikc" g" ug" tgeqtfc" fc" pgeguukfcfg" fg" ug" nkxtct" fg" cniwocu"
fluwecvcu‚"gngvtõpkecu"go"ugw"ncdqtcvôtkq0"C"rctvkt"fq"rtkogktq"eqpvcvq"eqo"q"rtqitcoc."
fgekfg"eqpjgeí/nq"ognjqt0"
Gpiclcogpvq/Gpvtcfc<" Go" flXkukvc" q" ukvg‚." Dgtpctfq" ceguuc" q" ukvg" go" dwuec" fg" ocku"
kphqtocèùgu" uqdtg" q" rtqitcoc" g" ugwu" rtqeguuqu" fg" tgeqnjkogpvq0" Pq" ukvg." Dgtpctfq"
crtgpfg"uqdtg"q"Tgekenc/EV"g"tgrctc"pc"gzkuvípekc"fg"wo"ugtxkèq"fg"eqngvc"fg"ocvgtkcku"
g"tguîfwqu"gngvtqgngvtõpkequ0"Dgtpctfq"qdugtxc"swg"q"ugtxkèq"rqfg"ugt"cigpfcfq"g"swg"q"
rtôrtkq"Tgekenc/EV"tgcnk|c"q"tgeqnjkogpvq"fqu"ocvgtkcku"go"ugw"ncdqtcvôtkq0""
Gpvtcfc<" Pguvc" gvcrc." kpvkvwncfc" flCpcnkuc" ugw" nkzq" gngvtõpkeq‚." Dgtpctfq" hc|" q"
ngxcpvcogpvq"g"c"rtgrctcèçq"fg"vqfqu"qu"ocvgtkcku"swg"ktâ"fguectvct0"Cswk."ug"pgeguuâtkq."
Dgtpctfq" flfgurcvtkoqpkcnk|c‚" guugu" ocvgtkcku." tgeqttgpfq" cq" ugvqt" fg" rcvtkoõpkq" fc"
WHTL0"Guvc"ê"woc"gvcrc"fg"cpânkug"g"qticpk|cèçq"fq"ocvgtkcn"swg"ktâ"ug"fguhc|gt0"
Gpvtcfc/Kogtuçq<" Pguvc" gvcrc" fc" lqtpcfc" *flEqpvcevc" q" Tgekenc/EV‚+." Dgtpctfq" gpvtc"
go"eqpvcvq"eqo"q"rtqitcoc"g"cigpfc"woc"fcvc"eqpxgpkgpvg0"Kpvgtcig"eqo"wo"cvgpfgpvg"
xkc" vgnghqpg" g" vgo" swg" vqoct" ekípekc" fg" cniwpu" rtqegfkogpvqu" pgeguuâtkqu" rctc" wo"
tgeqnjkogpvq"cfgswcfq0"Kphqtoc/ug"vcodêo"c"tgurgkvq"fc"pgeguukfcfg"fg"rtggpejkogpvq"
g"gpvtgic"fg"woc"fgenctcèçq97"uqdtg"q"ocvgtkcn"cq"rguuqcn"fq"Tgekenc/EV0"
Kogtuçq<" Pc" gvcrc" flTgegdg" q" Tgekenc/EV‚." Dgtpctfq" ciwctfc" c" ejgicfc" fqu"
hwpekqpâtkqu"swg"ktçq"tgeqnjgt"q"ocvgtkcn0"Rqt"ugt"c"rtkogktc"wvknk|cèçq"fg"Dgtpctfq."gng"
fgxg" ug" gpeqpvtct" go" guvcfq" fg" kpegtvg|c" g" gurgtc0" Crôu" c" ejgicfc" fqu" hwpekqpâtkqu."
kpvgtcig"eqo"gngu"rctc"kpfkect"q"ocvgtkcn"c"ugt"tgeqnjkfq0"
Ucîfc<"Pc"gvcrc"ugiwkpvg."flCeqorcpjcogpvq‚."Dgtpctfq"cuuguuqtc"q"tgeqnjkogpvq"fqu"
gngvtqgngvtõpkequ."xgtkhkecpfq"rctc"swg"pcfc"uglc"tgeqnjkfq"rqt"gpicpq"qw"fgkzg"fg"ugt"
tgeqnjkfq0" Guvc" ê" woc" hcug" go" swg"Dgtpctfq" fgxg" ceqorcpjct" qu" rtqegfkogpvqu" eqo"
cvgpèçq." xgtkhkecpfq" ug" vwfq" ug" gpecokpjc" go" eqphqtokfcfg" eqo" q" rtgxkuvq0" Fwtcpvg"
guuc"hcug."vcodêo"gpvtgic"c"fgenctcèçq"rtggpejkfc"cqu"hwpekqpâtkqu"fq"Tgekenc/EV0"
Gzvgpuçq<"C"gvcrc"flTgvqtpq"fq"Tgekenc/EV‚"pçq"kphnwgpekc"fktgvcogpvg"pc"lqtpcfc"fg"
Dgtpctfq." ocu" ê" pguug" oqogpvq" swg" gng" rqfg" qdugtxct" q" tguwnvcfq" fg" uwcu" cèùgu0"
97
" Q" rtôrtkq" ukvg" fq" rtqitcoc" pçq" fkurqpkdknk|c" owkvcu" kphqtocèùgu" cegtec" fguuc" fgenctcèçq." crgpcu"
qtkgpvc" swg" pgnc" fgxgo" guvct" kpfkecfcu" cu" ugiwkpvgu" kphqtocèùgu<" pqog" fq" ncdqtcvôtkq." ucnc" qw"
fgrctvcogpvq."pqog"g"cuukpcvwtc"fq"tgurqpuâxgn"rgnq"ncdqtcvôtkq."swcpvkfcfg"g"fguetkèçq"fq"ocvgtkcn0"
34:"
Dgtpctfq"rqfg"xkukvct"q"ukvg"fq"Tgekenc/EV"g"ceguuct"qu"itâhkequ"g"tgncvôtkqu"tguwokfqu"
swg"kphqtoco"cu"swcpvkfcfgu"fg"ocvgtkcku"tgeqnjkfqu"g"tgekencfqu0"Cvtcxêu"fq"ceguuq"c"
guucu" kphqtocèùgu." rqfg" vgt" c" ugpucèçq" fg" tgvqtpq" qw" tgeqorgpuc" rqt" vgt" eqpvtkdwîfq"
eqo"wo"rtqitcoc"swg"dgpghkekc"c"uqekgfcfg"go"vgtoqu"uqekcku"g"codkgpvcku0"
60503080"Tgeqogpfcèùgu"fg"rtqlgvq"
Pguvc" ugèçq." tgcnk|ctgoqu" cu" tgeqogpfcèùgu" fg" rtqlgvq" rtqrtkcogpvg" fkvcu." pcu" swcku"
ugtçq" cpcnkucfcu" cu" lqtpcfcu" fg" ugtxkèq." gvcrc" rqt" gvcrc." g" ugtçq" rtqrquvcu"
tgeqogpfcèùgu" eqo" q" qdlgvkxq" fg" cnvgtct" cniwpu" curgevqu" fguucu" lqtpcfcu." fg" oqfq" c"
vqtpâ/ncu"rqvgpekcnogpvg"ocku"rctvkekrcvkxcu."oqvkxcfqtcu"g"tgeqorgpucfqtcu"rctc"ugwu"
wuwâtkqu0"Q"oguoq"rtqeguuq"ugtâ"tgcnk|cfq"rctc"ecfc"woc"fcu"vtíu"lqtpcfcu"fg"ugtxkèq"
fq" Tgekenc/EV0" Rctc" c" rtqrqukèçq" fguucu" tgeqogpfcèùgu" fg" rtqlgvq." cxcnkctgoqu" cu"
gvcrcu"fcu"lqtpcfcu"fg"ugtxkèq"fc"ugiwkpvg"hqtoc<"
30 Cxcnkcèçq"fcu"cèùgu"fgugorgpjcfcu"rgnqu"wuwâtkqu"pcu"gvcrcu"fcu"lqtpcfcu"g"c"
rtqrqukèçq" fg" tgeqogpfcèùgu" fg" eqoq" rqfgtkco" ugt" oqfkhkecfcu" *cvtcxêu" fc"
wvknk|cèçq"fqu"eqpegkvqu"fg"icog"fgukip"ukpvgvk|cfqu"g"qticpk|cfqu"eqphqtog"qu"
eqorqpgpvgu"fcu"cvkxkfcfgu"fg"lqiq+0"Guucu"gvcrcu"ugtçq"fguetkvcu"pq"swcftq"fg"
hwpfq"dtcpeq."vtcvcpfq"gurgekhkecogpvg"fcu"cèùgu"fqu"wuwâtkqu="
40 Cxcnkcèçq" fqu" ugpvkogpvqu" qw" ugpucèùgu" rtgxkuvqu" go" ecfc" woc" fcu" gvcrcu" g"
rtqrqukèçq" fg" eqoq" guvgu" rqfgo" ugt" oqfkhkecfqu." cpwncfqu" *pq" ecuq" fg"
rquuwîtgo"ghgkvqu"pgicvkxqu+"qw"gptkswgekfqu"cvtcxêu"fc"crnkecèçq"fqu"eqpegkvqu"
fg"icog"fgukip0"Pc"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"cnvgtcfc"nkuvctgoqu"qu"eqorqpgpvgu"fcu"
cvkxkfcfgu"fg"lqiq"*wvknk|cfqu"eqo"c"kpvgpèçq"fg"oqvkxct"qu"wuwâtkqu"fq"ugtxkèq+"
pq" swcftq" fg" hwpfq" tqzq0" Go" tguwoq." uwduvkvwktgoqu" q" ecorq" c|wn." swg"
tgvtcvcxc" cu" ugpucèùgu" g" ugpvkogpvqu" fqu" wuwâtkqu." rgnq" ecorq" tqzq." swg" ktâ"
tgvtcvct" qu" eqorqpgpvgu" fcu" cvkxkfcfgu" fg" lqiq" wvknk|cfqu" rctc" oqfkhkect" cu"
gvcrcu"eqo"c"kpvgpèçq"fg"vqtpâ/ncu"ocku"gpiclcpvgu"g"rctvkekrcvkxcu0"
Fg"oqfq"c"hceknkvct"c"eqortggpuçq"g"xkuwcnk|cèçq"fcu"tgeqogpfcèùgu"rtqrquvcu."ktgoqu"
tgcrtgugpvct" qu" itâhkequ" fcu" lqtpcfcu" fg" rtqlgvq." tghqtowncfqu" eqphqtog" cu"
tgeqogpfcèùgu"rtqrquvcu0"Wvknk|ctgoqu."rqtêo."cu"oguocu"rgtuqpcu"rctc"knwuvtâ/ncu0"
Lâ" pc" fguetkèçq" vgzvwcn." crtgugpvcfc" crôu" c" lqtpcfc" fg" ugtxkèq" oqfkhkecfc."
fguetgxgtgoqu" ocku" fgvcnjcfcogpvg" ecfc" woc" fcu" tgeqogpfcèùgu" rtqrquvcu." gvcrc" c"
gvcrc."g"ecfc"wo"fqu"eqorqpgpvgu"oqvkxcekqpcku"wvknk|cfqu"rctc"uwc"hqtowncèçq0"
34;"
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352"
Hkiwtc"36"⁄"Tgeqogpfcèùgu"rctc"c"rtkogktc"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"fq"Tgekenc/EV"
Tgeqogpfcèùgu"rctc"c"Lqtpcfc"fg"Ugtxkèq"3"
"
Eqpjgeg"q"Tgekenc/EV<"Pguuc"gvcrc."Tqdgtvc"Hgtpcpfg|"xí"cu"nkzgktcu"fq"Tgekenc/EV"
rgnc" rtkogktc" xg|0" Qdlgvkxcpfq" cwogpvct" q" crgnq" fg" wvknk|cèçq" fq" ugtxkèq." rqfgoqu"
korngogpvct"cswk"q"eqorqpgpvg"fg"icog"fgukip"xqnwpvctkgfcfg."rtqrqpfq"swg"vqfqu"qu"
eqplwpvqu"fg"nkzgktcu"fq"rtqitcoc"vgpjco"fkurnc{u"swg"rquuco"ugt"nkfqu"ä"fkuvãpekc"eqo"
ogpucigpu"fg"kpegpvkxq"ä"rctvkekrcèçq"pq"rtqitcoc."vcku"eqoq<"flEqncdqtg"cswk‚."flHcèc"
uwc"rctvg‚."flTgekeng"ugw"nkzq"cswk‚"gve0"
Vgo"nkzq"go"oçqu<"Pguuc"gvcrc."Tqdgtvc"vgo"c"pgeguukfcfg"fg"tguqnxgt"wo"rtqdngoc"
kogfkcvq<"nkxtct/ug"fg"ugw"nkzq0"Pçq"vgoqu"tgeqogpfcèùgu"gurgeîhkecu"c"uwigtkt"dcugcfcu"
pqu" eqpegkvqu" fg" icog" fgukip0" Cu" nkzgktcu" fq" Tgekenc/EV" lâ" guvçq" ghgvkxcogpvg"
rwnxgtk|cfcu"g"ukpcnk|cfcu"rgnq"Egpvtq"fg"Vgepqnqikc."hcxqtgegpfq."fg"ocpgktc"igtcn."q"
fgrôukvq"cfgswcfq"fq"nkzq1ocvgtkcn"tgekenâxgn"pcu"nkzgktcu0"
Xí" c" nkzgktc<" Tqdgtvc" kfgpvkhkec" cu" nkzgktcu" fq" Tgekenc/EV0" Pqxcogpvg." xcng" c" oguoc"
tgeqogpfcèçq" crtgugpvcfc" pc" gvcrc" flEqpjgeg" q" Tgekenc/EV‚0" Eqo" c" fkurqukèçq" fg"
fkurnc{u." swg." cnêo" fg" hceknkvctgo" c" xkuwcnk|cèçq" fcu" nkzgktcu." vtc|go" ogpucigpu" fg"
kpegpvkxq" cq" wuq" fq" rtqitcoc." rqfgoqu" eqo" kuuq" gurgtct" swg" guvcu" ug" vqtpgo" ocku"
hceknogpvg"kfgpvkhkeâxgku."hc|gpfq"eqo"swg"ocku"rguuqcu"qrvgo"rgnc"uwc"wvknk|cèçq0"
Ní" kpuvtwèùgu<" Tqdgtvc" rtqewtc" ug" kphqtoct" c" tgurgkvq" fg" eqoq" wvknk|ct" q" ugtxkèq"
cfgswcfcogpvg0" Uwigtkoqu" swg" cu" kpuvtwèùgu" cvwcku" fg" wuq" uglco" tghqtowncfcu" eqo"
xkuvcu"c"ugtgo"crtgugpvcfcu"fg"oqfq"ocku"ghkekgpvg"swg"cu"cvwcku."eqo"woc"kfgpvkfcfg"
xkuwcn" ocku" eqpekuc" swg" c" cvwcn." swg" vtcic" kpfkecèùgu" fcu" nkzgktcu" g" ocvgtkcku" fq"
rtqitcoc" rcftqpk|cfcu" rqt" eqtgu." îeqpgu" g" vgzvqu." hceknkvcpfq" c" kfgpvkhkecèçq" g"
eqortggpuçq" fqu" wuwâtkqu" *eqorqpgpvg" hggfdcem+0" Ocvgtkcku" fg" fkxwnicèçq." eqoq"
hqnfgtu"g"hknkrgvcu."eqpvgpfq"ewtkqukfcfgu"swg"tgncekqpgo"c"rctvkekrcèçq"fqu"wuwâtkqu"cqu"
dgpghîekqu" uqekcku" g" codkgpvcku" cnecpècfqu" rgnq" rtqitcoc." rqfgtkco" ugt"
fkurqpkdknk|cfqu"go"gzrqukvqtgu"cq"ncfq"fcu"nkzgktcu"rctc"qu"swg"swkuguugo"ug"kphqtoct"
c" tgurgkvq" *eqorqpgpvgu" wvknk|cfqu<" hggfdcem" g" xqnwpvctkgfcfg+0" C" fkurqukèçq" fguugu"
ocvgtkcku"ugtxktkc"rctc"cwogpvct"cu"ugpucèùgu"fg"eqpvtkdwkèçq"*flguvqw"hc|gpfq"c"okpjc"
rctvg‚+" g" fg" tgeqorgpuc" qtkwpfcu" fc" rctvkekrcèçq" cvkxc" fqu" wuwâtkqu" pq" rtqitcoc0" Pq"
hqnfgt" fg" fkxwnicèçq." rqfgtkco" guvct" nkuvcfqu" qu" dgpghîekqu" uqekqcodkgpvcku" igtcfqu"
cvtcxêu" fc" rctvkekrcèçq" cvkxc" fqu" wuwâtkqu." vcku" eqoq" c" pgeguukfcfg" fg" gzvtcèçq" fg"
ogpqtgu" swcpvkfcfgu" fg" tgewtuqu" xktigpu" fq" ogkq" codkgpvg." c" fkokpwkèçq" fc"
pgeguukfcfg" fg" wuq" fg" cvgttqu" ucpkvâtkqu." q" tgcrtqxgkvcogpvq" fg" ocvgtkcku" g" c"
rquukdknkfcfg"fg"igtcèçq"fg"tgpfc"rctc"eqowpkfcfgu"ectgpvgu"*eqorqpgpvgu"hggfdcem"g"
353"
xqnwpvctkgfcfg+0"Guugu"ocvgtkcku"rqfgtkco"vcodêo"ugt"gxgpvwcnogpvg"fkuvtkdwîfqu"rgnc"
âtgc"fq"Egpvtq"fg"Vgepqnqikc."tghqtècpfq"c"fkxwnicèçq"fq"rtqitcoc0"Tqdgtvc"rqfgtkc."
rqt" gzgornq." ug" fktkikt" cvê" woc" fcu" nkzgktcu" g" tgeqnjgt" wo" hqnfgt" gzrnkecvkxq" fq"
rtqitcoc."swg"fguvcectkc"vcpvq"qu"gngogpvqu"tgncvcfqu"cekoc"swcpvq"cu"qwvtcu"hqtocu"fg"
wvknk|cèçq" fq" Tgekenc/EV" *lqtpcfcu" fqku" g" vtíu+0" Fg" hqtoc" igtcn." pguvc" gvcrc" guvcoqu"
crgncpfq" rctc" ugpvkogpvqu" fg" kfgpvkhkecèçq" g" gorcvkc" fqu" rquuîxgku" wuwâtkqu." cq"
kpfkectoqu" eqoq" uwcu" cèùgu" rqfgtçq" eqpvtkdwkt" rctc" wo" flowpfq" ognjqt‚" go" vgtoqu"
codkgpvcku"g"uqekcku."cnêo"fg"eqncdqtct"rctc"rtqxgt"cqu"rtôrtkqu"wuwâtkqu"c"ugpucèçq"fg"
fleqpuekípekc" nkorc‚" *eqorqpgpvg" ugpucèçq+" rqt" guvctgo" rctvkekrcpfq" fg" wo" rtqitcoc"
uqekqcodkgpvcnogpvg"dgpêhkeq0"
Lqic" q" nkzq<" Tqdgtvc" lqic" ugw" nkzq" pc" nkzgktc" eqttgurqpfgpvg0" Cswk." crgpcu" woc"
tgeqogpfcèçq<" rqfgtkco" ugt" kortguucu" pcu" vcorcu" fcu" nkzgktcu" ogpucigpu" fg"
citcfgekogpvq" rgnc" eqpvtkdwkèçq" *eqorqpgpvg" hggfdcem+." fg" oqfq" c" cwogpvct" c"
ugpucèçq"fg"tgvqtpq"rgnq"fguectvg"cfgswcfq"fqu"ocvgtkcku0""
Tgvqtpq" fq" Tgekenc/EV<" Tqdgtvc" rqfg" xkukvct" q" ukvg" fq" rtqitcoc" go" dwuec" fg"
kphqtocèùgu." eqoq" c" swcpvkfcfg" fg" ocvgtkcn" tgeqnjkfc." c" nkuvc" fcu" eqqrgtcvkxcu"
dgpghkekcfcu." gpvtg" qwvtcu0" Pguug" ecuq." tgeqogpfctîcoqu" vcodêo" swg" rwfguugo" guvct"
fkurquvcu"woc"uêtkg"fg"kphqtocèùgu"swg"xkucuugo"cwogpvct"c"ugpucèçq"fg"hggfdcem"rgnc"
rctvkekrcèçq"pq"rtqitcoc."eqoq"woc"nkuvc"fqu"dgpghîekqu"uqekqcodkgpvcku"vtc|kfqu"rgnq"
Tgekenc/EV." c" fkurqpkdknk|cèçq" fg" tgncvôtkqu" ugoguvtcku" *qw" cvê" vtkoguvtcku+" fqu"
tguwnvcfqu" qdvkfqu98" g" fqu" dgpghîekqu" igtcfqu0" Rqfgtkco" ugt" fkurqpkdknk|cfcu" ckpfc"
kphqtocèùgu" uqdtg" cu" âtgcu" fq" Egpvtq" fg" Vgepqnqikc" swg" ocku" eqpvtkdwgo" eqo" q"
Tgekenc/EV."fg"oqfq"c"igtct"woc"gurêekg"fg"eqorgvkèçq"ucfkc"g"kpegpvkxct"woc"ockqt"
eqpvtkdwkèçq"vcpvq"fcu"âtgcu"swg"lâ"q"hc|go"swcpvq"fcu"swg"pçq"guvçq"dgo"rqukekqpcfcu"
pguug" tcpmkpi" *eqorqpgpvg" hggfdcem+0" Wvknk|cpfq" q" eqorqpgpvg" qdlgvkxq." q" rtqitcoc"
rqfgtkc"vcodêo"eqorctvknjct"uwcu"ogvcu"rctc"q"rtôzkoq"cpq"qw"ugoguvtg."kpegpvkxcpfq"
cu" rguuqcu" c" eqncdqtctgo0" Lâ" wvknk|cpfq" q" eqorqpgpvg" kpvgtcèçq" uqekcn." q" rtqitcoc"
rqfgtkc"fkurqpkdknk|ct"ogkqu"swg"rgtokvkuugo"ä"Tqdgtvc"eqpxkfct"ugwu"cokiqu"pcu"tgfgu"
uqekcku"*Hcegdqqm."Vykvvgt."Qtmwv"gve0+"c"eqpjgegtgo"qw"flewtvktgo‚"q"Tgekenc/EV0"
Qdugtxcèçq<"Pguuc"rtkogktc"lqtpcfc."cu"eqpvtkdwkèùgu"fqu"eqorqpgpvgu"oqvkxcekqpcku"
uçq"ocku"uwvku"rqt"eqpvc"fc"pcvwtg|c"fc"lqtpcfc"*dcukecogpvg."crgpcu"kt"cvê"c"nkzgktc"g"
lqict"q"nkzq+0"Pcu"rtôzkocu"lqtpcfcu"vgtgoqu"tgeqogpfcèùgu"ocku"kpekukxcu0"
98
"Cniq"lâ"tgcnk|cfq"cvwcnogpvg."rqtêo"cpwcnogpvg"⁄"q"swg"cxcnkcoqu"eqoq"kpuwhkekgpvg"rctc"tghqtèct"c"
ugpucèçq"fg"hggfdcem0"
354"
Tgeqogpfcèùgu"rctc"c"Lqtpcfc"fg"Ugtxkèq"4"
355"
Hkiwtc"37"⁄"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"pûogtq"4"fq"Tgekenc/EV"
"
Eqpjgeg"q"Tgekenc/EV<"Oâtekc"vgo"ugw"rtkogktq"eqpvcvq"eqo"q"Tgekenc/EV"cvtcxêu"fg"
woc"xkukvc"ä"uwc"râikpc"pc"kpvgtpgv0"Tgeqogpfcoqu"swg"q"ukvg."eqoq"woc"fcu"itcpfgu"
rqtvcu" fg" gpvtcfc" cq" rtqitcoc." uglc" tghqtowncfq" fg" hqtoc" c" hceknkvct" g" rtkxkngikct" c"
xkuwcnk|cèçq"fg"swcvtq"eqplwpvqu"fg"kphqtocèùgu" rtkpekrcku" c" tgurgkvq" fq" rtqitcoc0" Q"
rtkogktq" eqplwpvq" vtcvctkc" fc" enctc" fghkpkèçq" fq" Tgekenc/EV" eqoq" rtqlgvq" *q" swg" ê" q"
Tgekenc/EV." swcn" uwc" flokuuçq‚" g" swg" vkrq" fg" ugtxkèqu" qhgtgeg+0" Q" ugiwpfq" vtctkc" c"
nkuvcigo"fcu"rquuîxgku"hqtocu"fg"eqncdqtcèçq"fqu"wuwâtkqu"eqo"q"ugtxkèq<"wo"tguwoq"
gzrnkecvkxq"fcu"oqfcnkfcfgu"fg"wuq"fq"Tgekenc/EV0"Guuc"nkuvcigo"clwfctkc"qu"wuwâtkqu"c"
xkuwcnk|ctgo"c"uk"rtôrtkqu"pq"ugtxkèq."c"rncpglctgo"c"hqtoc"eqoq"rtgvgpfgo"rctvkekrct"g"
c" eqortggpfgtgo" swg" ogvcu" rqfgtkco" vtcèct" g" swg" tguwnvcfqu" rqfgtkco" gurgtct"
*eqorqpgpvgu" eqpvtqng." qdlgvkxq" g" hggfdcem+0" Q" vgtegktq" eqplwpvq" ugtkc" c" nkuvcigo" fcu"
xcpvcigpu" rguuqcku" swg" c" wvknk|cèçq" fq" Tgekenc/EV" rqfgtkc" vtc|gt" ä" Oâtekc." eqoq" c"
rquukdknkfcfg"fg"qdvgpèçq"fg"tgeqorgpucu."egtvkhkecfqu"fg"rctvkekrcèçq"gve"*eqorqpgpvg"
hggfdcem+0"Q"swctvq"g"ûnvkoq"tgncekqpctkc/ug"ä"nkuvcigo"fqu"dgpghîekqu"uqekqcodkgpvcku"
igtcfqu" cvtcxêu" fc" rctvkekrcèçq" fg" Oâtekc." eqoq" c" eqpvtkdwkèçq" eqo" swguvùgu"
codkgpvcku" g" c" rquukdknkfcfg" fg" igtcèçq" fg" tgpfc" rctc" hcoînkcu" ectgpvgu0" Pguvg" ûnvkoq"
eqplwpvq."gortgicoqu"eqpegkvqu"tgncekqpcfqu"c"curgevqu"fg"xqnwpvctkgfcfg"g"hggfdcem."
rqku"crgncoqu"rctc"ugpvkogpvqu"fg"eqowpkfcfg"g"gorcvkc"fqu"wuwâtkqu."cq"kpfkectoqu"
swg"uwcu"cèùgu"guvctçq"eqpvtkdwkpfq"rctc"vtc|gt"dgpghîekqu"vcpvq"go"vgtoqu"codkgpvcku"
swcpvq" uqekcku0" Eqo" guugu" swcvtq" hcvqtgu" kpfkecfqu" fg" hqtoc" enctc." rquukdknkvcoqu" fg"
hqtoc" âikn" swg" qu" wuwâtkqu" eqpjgèco" q" Tgekenc/EV." uckdco" eqoq" fgng" rctvkekrct."
eqortggpfco" swg" rqfgo" ugt" rguuqcnogpvg" dgpghkekcfqu" g" vqogo" ekípekc" fqu"
dgpghîekqu"uqekqcodkgpvcku"swg"uwc"rctvkekrcèçq"rqfgtâ"igtct0""
Xkukvc" q" ukvg<" Oâtekc" ceguuc" qwvtcu" rctvgu" fq" ukvg" go" dwuec" fg" ocku" kphqtocèùgu0" Ö"
cvtcxêu"fc"cpânkug"fguucu"kphqtocèùgu"swg"gnc"xck"fgekfkt"wvknk|ct"qw"pçq"q"ugtxkèq0"Woc"
fcu" ugèùgu" go" fguvcswg" fgxg" vtc|gt"woc" gurêekg" fg"flrcuuq" c" rcuuq‚." fgoqpuvtcpfq" fg"
swg" ocpgktcu" qu" wuwâtkqu" rqfgo" eqncdqtct" g" q" swg" rqfgo" qdvgt" rqt" ogkq" fc"
eqncdqtcèçq."vcpvq"go"vgtoqu"rguuqcku"eqoq"eqngvkxqu"*eqorqpgpvgu"eqpvtqng."qdlgvkxq"
g" hggfdcem+0" Guvg" flrcuuq" c" rcuuq‚" rqfgtkc" ugt" fgoqpuvtcfq" xkuwcnogpvg" eqoq" wo"
uvqt{dqctf" fcu" lqtpcfcu" fg" wvknk|cèçq." rqt" gzgornq0" Qwvtc" hgttcogpvc" swg" rqfgtkc"
fgugorgpjct"woc"hwpèçq"oqvkxcekqpcn"korqtvcpvg"ugtkc"wo"ukuvgoc"fg"tcpmkpi"eqo"qu"
wuwâtkqu" qw" fgrctvcogpvqu" eqncdqtcfqtgu" *eqorqpgpvgu" guvtwvwtc" g" hggfdcem+0" C"
korngogpvcèçq" fg" wo" ukuvgoc" fg" ecfcuvtq" fg" wuwâtkqu" qw" fgrctvcogpvqu" ê" qwvtc"
korqtvcpvg"tgeqogpfcèçq."swg"ugtkc"kortguekpfîxgn"pguug"ecuq0"Cvtcxêu"fguug"ecfcuvtq."
356"
wuwâtkqu"rqfgtkco"cigpfct"cu"eqngvcu"fg"nkzq"cvtcxêu"fq"ukvg"g"q"nkzq"eqngvcfq"fg"ecfc"
fgrctvcogpvq" ugtkc" etgfkvcfq" c" ugw" tgurgevkxq" fgrctvcogpvq" g" kpenwîfq" pq" ukuvgoc" fg"
tcpmkpi" fq" ugtxkèq." rqfgpfq" ugt" eqortcfq" g" xkuwcnk|cfq" rqt" qwvtqu" wuwâtkqu" qw"
fgrctvcogpvqu"*eqorqpgpvgu"kpvgtcèçq"uqekcn"g"hggfdcem+0"
Cpcnkuc"ugw"nkzq<"Oâtekc"cpcnkuc"ugw"nkzq0"Ugo"tgeqogpfcèùgu"c"uwigtkt"cswk0"C"rctvkt"
fguug"oqogpvq."gnc"vgo"fwcu"qrèùgu"c"ugiwkt<"lqict"rqt"eqpvc"rtôrtkc"qu"tguîfwqu"pcu"
ecècodcu" fg" eqngvc99" qw" uqnkekvct" c" eqngvc" fgrctvcogpvcn0" Eqoq" lâ" kpfkecfq"
cpvgtkqtogpvg."gnc"fgekfg"rqt"uqnkekvct"c"eqngvc"fgrctvcogpvcn0""
Eqpvcevc"q"Tgekenc/EV<"Oâtekc"ug"ecfcuvtc"pq"ukvg."rtggpejgpfq"kphqtocèùgu"eqoq"c"
hwpèçq" swg" gzgteg." go" swg" fgrctvcogpvq" vtcdcnjc." swg" vkrq" fg" tguîfwqu" rtgvgpfg" fqct"
gve0" Crôu" q" ecfcuvtq." fgekfg" uqnkekvct" c" eqngvc" cvtcxêu" fq" ukvg." swg" gzkdg" qu" fkcu" g"
jqtâtkqu" fkurqpîxgku" rctc" swg" gnc" rquuc" cigpfct" c" eqngvc" fc" ocpgktc" swg" ognjqt" njg"
cvgpfc."vtc|gpfq"eqoqfkfcfg"cq"ugtxkèq"*eqorqpgpvgu"eqpvtqng."guvtwvwtc+0"
Tgegdg"q"Tgekenc/EV<"Oâtekc"tgegdg"qu"hwpekqpâtkqu"fq"rtqitcoc"rctc"swg"tgeqnjco"
qu" ocvgtkcku0" Guvg" ê" wo" oqogpvq" etîvkeq." rqku" uwc" kpvgtcèçq" eqo" qu" hwpekqpâtkqu" fq"
Tgekenc/EV" ktâ" kphnwgpekct" dqc" rctvg" fc" uwc" rgtegrèçq" uqdtg" c" swcnkfcfg" g" ghkeâekc" fq"
ugtxkèq0" Qu" hwpekqpâtkqu" fq" Tgekenc/EV" fgxgo" ugt" qtkgpvcfqu" c" kpvgtciktgo" fg" hqtoc"
eqtfkcn" g" ghkekgpvg." cuuko" eqoq" vcodêo" c" ugtgo" rqpvwcku0" Wo" cvgpfkogpvq" rtgeâtkq"
pguuc" gvcrc" rqfgtkc" fguoqvkxct" pqxcu" uqnkekvcèùgu" fg" eqngvc0" Eqorqpgpvg" wvknk|cfq"
pguvc"gvcrc<"kpvgtcèçq"uqekcn0"
Ceqorcpjcogpvq<"Oâtekc"cuuguuqtc"g"xgtkhkec"q"tgeqnjkogpvq0"Rqfgoqu"vtcdcnjct"qu"
eqorqpgpvgu"kpvgtcèçq"uqekcn"g"hggfdcem0"Q"hggfdcem"ug"fctkc"eqo"c"tgeqogpfcèçq"fg"
swg." cq" hko" fq" tgeqnjkogpvq" fqu" ocvgtkcku." qu" wuwâtkqu" tgegdco" wo" egtvkhkecfq" swg"
eqortqxg" uwc" rctvkekrcèçq" pq" rtqitcoc0" Cnêo" fkuuq." crôu" c" rgucigo" fq" nkzq" fqcfq."
guvc" kphqtocèçq" ugtkc" citgicfc" cq" ecfcuvtq" fq" ugw" wuwâtkq" qw" fgrctvcogpvq" g" rqfgtkc"
ugt" xkuwcnk|cfc" pq" tcpmkpi" fg" eqncdqtcfqtgu" fq" Tgekenc/EV" *eqorqpgpvg" kpvgtcèçq"
uqekcn+0"Oâtekc"rqfgtkc"eqorctct"q"ugw"fgrctvcogpvq"eqo"q"fg"qwvtqu"eqngicu."cnêo"fg"
rqfgt"xkuwcnk|ct"g"fgoqpuvtct"uwc"ghgvkxc"rctvkekrcèçq"cvtcxêu"fq"egtvkhkecfq0"
99
" Ecuq" fgekfkuug" ngxct" qu" ocvgtkcku" cqu" eqpvckpgtu" rqt" eqpvc" rtôrtkc." Oâtekc" cecdctkc" tgcnk|cpfq" woc"
lqtpcfc" ugognjcpvg" ä" rtkogktc." pc" swcn" qu" wuwâtkqu" fgrqukvco" ugwu" nkzqu" pcu" nkzgktcu" gurcnjcfcu" rgnq"
ecorwu0" Ug" hquug" q" ecuq." cuuko" eqoq" pguuc" lqtpcfc." rqfgtîcoqu" gortgict" dcukecogpvg" qu" oguoqu"
gngogpvqu." eqoq" fkurnc{u" ejcocpfq" cvgpèçq" rctc" qu" nqecku" qpfg" guvçq" nqecnk|cfcu" cu" ecècodcu." c"
ogpucigo"fg"flqdtkicfq‚"pcu"vcorcu"fcu"ecècodcu."c"ukornkhkecèçq"fcu"kpuvtwèùgu"fg"wuq"g"c"fkurqukèçq"
fqu"ocvgtkcku"fg"oîfkc"*hknkrgvcu"g"hqnfgtu+"lwpvq"cqu"eqngvqtgu0""
357"
Tgvqtpq"fq"Tgekenc/EV<"Guvc"ûnvkoc"gvcrc"ê"ugognjcpvg"ä"ûnvkoc"fc"rtkogktc"lqtpcfc"
fg"wvknk|cèçq"fq"Tgekenc/EV0"Cswk."qu"eqorqpgpvgu"ocku"tgngxcpvgu"ugtkco"q"hggfdcem."
c" kpvgtcèçq" uqekcn" g" q" qdlgvkxq0" Rqfgtkco" ugt" fguvcecfqu" pq" ukvg." cvtcxêu" fc"
fkurqpkdknk|cèçq" fg" tgncvôtkqu" vtkoguvtcku" qw" ugoguvtcku" fqu" tguwnvcfqu" fq" rtqitcoc." c"
guvkocvkxc" fqu" dgpghîekqu" uqekqcodkgpvcku" igtcfqu" qw" fqu" rtglwî|qu" gxkvcfqu"
*eqorqpgpvg" hggfdcem+0" Q" rtqitcoc" rqfgtkc"vcodêo" fkurqpkdknk|ct" uwcu" ogvcu" rctc" q"
rtôzkoq" cpq" qw" ugoguvtg." kpegpvkxcpfq" cu" rguuqcu" c" eqncdqtctgo" rctc" uwc" qdvgpèçq"
*eqorqpgpvg" qdlgvkxq+0" Eqo" tgncèçq" cq" eqorqpgpvg" kpvgtcèçq" uqekcn." c" râikpc" fq"
Tgekenc/EV" pq" Hcegdqqm" rqfgtkc" kpegpvkxct" Oâtekc" c" eqpxkfct" ugwu" cokiqu" c"
eqpjgegtgo" qw" flewtvktgo‚" q" Tgekenc/EV0" Cniwocu" pqvîekcu" târkfcu" rqfgtkco" vcodêo"
ugt" eqorctvknjcfcu" cvtcxêu" fc" tgfg" uqekcn0" Q" rtqitcoc" rqfgtkc" vcodêo" qhgtgegt"
tgeqorgpucu"qw"dgpghîekqu"c"ugwu"ockqtgu"eqncdqtcfqtgu."eqoq"fgueqpvqu"go"rtqfwvqu"
fg"gxgpvwcku"rctegktqu."fkuvtkdwkèçq"qw"uqtvgkq"fg"dtkpfgu"rctc"qu"ognjqtgu"eqnqecfqu"fq"
tcpmkpi"g"cfgukxqu"eqo"qu"fk|gtgu"flGw"eqncdqtq"eqo"q"Tgekenc/EV‚0"
"
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358"
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359"
Hkiwtc"38"⁄"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"pûogtq"5"fq"Tgekenc/EV"tg/knwuvtcfc"
Tgeqogpfcèùgu"rctc"c"Lqtpcfc"fg"Ugtxkèq"5"
"
Eqpjgeg" q" Tgekenc/EV<" Dgtpctfq" Swkpvcpknjc" vgo" q" ugw" rtkogktq" eqpvcvq" eqo" q"
rtqitcoc0" Xkucpfq" oqvkxct" uwc" rctvkekrcèçq." vqfqu" qu" ocvgtkcku" fg" fkxwnicèçq" fq"
Tgekenc/EV"fgxgtkco"ugt"tghqtowncfqu"rctc"hceknkvct"c"xkuwcnk|cèçq"fqu"oguoqu"swcvtq"
eqplwpvqu" fg" kphqtocèùgu" rtkpekrcku" lâ" crqpvcfqu" pc" lqtpcfc" fg" ugtxkèq" cpvgtkqt0" Q"
rtkogktq"eqplwpvq"vtcvc"fc"fghkpkèçq"fq"swg"ê"q"Tgekenc/EV."swcku"uwcu"ogvcu"g"fg"swg"
vkrq" fg" ugtxkèqu" qhgtgeg0" Q" ugiwpfq" ugtkc" c" nkuvcigo" g" fgoqpuvtcèçq" fcu" hqtocu" fg"
eqncdqtcèçq" fqu" wuwâtkqu" eqo" q" ugtxkèq" *eqorqpgpvgu" qdlgvkxq." hggfdcem" g" eqpvtqng+0"
Guucu"kphqtocèùgu"qu"clwfctkco"c"eqortggpfgt"cu"rquukdknkfcfgu"fg"wuq"fq"ugtxkèq"g"q"
swg"icpjctkco"eqo"guuc"wvknk|cèçq0"Q"vgtegktq"eqplwpvq"vtctkc"c"nkuvcigo"fcu"xcpvcigpu"
rguuqcku" fktgvcu" swg" Dgtpctfq" rqfg" qdvgt" cvtcxêu" fc" rctvkekrcèçq" pq" rtqitcoc."
gortgicpfq" eqpegkvqu" tgncekqpcfqu" cq" eqorqpgpvg" hggfdcem0" Q" swctvq" g" ûnvkoq"
eqplwpvq" vtctkc" c" nkuvcigo" fqu" dgpghîekqu" uqekqcodkgpvcku" igtcfqu" cvtcxêu" fg" uwc"
rctvkekrcèçq." wvknk|cpfq" eqpegkvqu" tgncekqpcfqu" cq" eqorqpgpvg" xqnwpvctkgfcfg0" Eqo" c"
fkurqpkdknk|cèçq"fg"hqtoc"enctc"fguugu"swcvtq"eqplwpvqu"fg"kphqtocèùgu."rquukdknkvcoqu"
cqu"wuwâtkqu"swg"ug"hcoknkctk|go"eqo"q"rtqitcoc."uckdco"eqoq"rctvkekrct."xkuwcnk|go"
qu" dgpghîekqu" swg" rqfgo" tgegdgt" cvtcxêu" fg" uwc" rctvkekrcèçq" g" eqpjgèco" qu" ghgkvqu"
uqekqcodkgpvcku"cfxkpfqu"fgnc0"Eqorqpgpvgu"wvknk|cfqu<"qdlgvkxq."hggfdcem."eqpvtqng"g"
xqnwpvctkgfcfg0"
Xkukvc"q"ukvg<"Dgtpctfq."swg"swgt"ug"nkxtct"fg"eqorqpgpvgu"g"gswkrcogpvqu"gngvtõpkequ."
kpvgtguuc/ug"rgnq"ugtxkèq"fg"tgeqnjkogpvq"fguvg"vkrq"fg"ocvgtkcn"qhgtgekfq"rgnq"rtqitcoc"
g" fgekfg" ug" kphqtoct" ognjqt0" Dgtpctfq" ceguuc" c" rctvg" fq" ukvg" tghgtgpvg" c" guug" ugtxkèq."
crtgpfgpfq"eqoq"rqfg"eqncdqtct."g"ug"kphqtoc"c"tgurgkvq"fg"swg"dgpghîekqu"g"tguwnvcfqu"
rqfgtâ" gurgtct" rqt" uwc" eqncdqtcèçq" *eqorqpgpvgu" qdlgvkxq" g" hggfdcem+0" Qwvtcu"
tgeqogpfcèùgu" ugtkco" c" fkurqpkdknk|cèçq" fg" wo" flrcuuq" c" rcuuq‚" qw" uvqt{dqctf" fg"
wvknk|cèçq" fqu" ugtxkèqu." cnêo" fc" korngogpvcèçq" fg" wo" ukuvgoc" fg" tcpmkpi" swg"
rgtokvkuug" xkuwcnk|ct" fgrctvcogpvqu" qw" wuwâtkqu" swg" ocku" eqncdqtco" eqo" q" rtqitcoc"
*eqorqpgpvgu"kpvgtcèçq"uqekcn."guvtwvwtc"g"hggfdcem+0"C"korngogpvcèçq"fg"wo"ukuvgoc"
fg" ecfcuvtq" fg" wuwâtkqu" qw" fgrctvcogpvqu" cvtcxêu" fq" ukvg" vcodêo" ugtkc" vcodêo"
hwpfcogpvcn."rgtokvkpfq"q"cigpfcogpvq"fg"ugtxkèqu"fg"eqngvc"rqt"ogkq"fq"rtôrtkq"ukvg"
*eqorqpgpvgu"guvtwvwtc"g"eqpvtqng+0"
Cpcnkuc" ugw" nkzq<" Dgtpctfq" cpcnkuc" ugw" nkzq0" Pq" ecuq" fguuc" lqtpcfc." swg" gzkig" q"
rtggpejkogpvq" fg" woc" fgenctcèçq" cegtec" fqu" ocvgtkcku" c" ugtgo" fqcfqu." fgxgtkco" ugt"
fkurqpkdknk|cfcu" kpuvtwèùgu" swg" cwzknkcuugo" Dgtpctfq" c" cxcnkct" qu" ocvgtkcku" swg"
rtgvgpfg" fguectvct" g" q" rgtokvkuugo" cxgtkiwct" ug" guvgu" pgeguukvco" fg"
35:"
fgurcvtkoqpkcnk|cèçq" *eqo" kpuvtwèùgu" swg" q" cwzknkcuugo" pguug" rtqeguuq+0" Rqfgtkc"
vcodêo" guvct" fkurqpkdknk|cfq" wo" oqfgnq" fg" fgenctcèçq." c" ugt" rtggpejkfq" g" gpxkcfq"
cvtcxêu" fq" rtôrtkq" ukvg" fq" rtqitcoc0" Vqfqu" guugu" gngogpvqu" rtqrkekctkco" c" Dgtpctfq"
woc"ockqt"rquukdknkfcfg"fg"eqpvtqng" uqdtg"swg"cèùgu"vqoct"g"fg"swg"oqfq"wvknk|ct"qu"
ugtxkèqu0"Eqorqpgpvgu"wvknk|cfqu<"eqpvtqng."guvtwvwtc0"
Eqpvcevc" q" Tgekenc/EV<" Dgtpctfq" ug" ecfcuvtc" pq" ukvg." rtggpejgpfq" cniwocu"
kphqtocèùgu." vcku" eqoq" uwc" hwpèçq." go" swg" fgrctvcogpvq" vtcdcnjc" g" fg" swg" vkrq" fg"
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605040"Ugiwpfq"Rtqlgvq<"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc"
60504030"Crtgugpvcèçq"
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60504040"Lwuvkhkecvkxc"
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rtôrtkc"Wpkxgtukfcfg"Hgfgtcn"fq"Tkq"fg"Lcpgktq."fc"swcn"uqw"ogodtq"vcpvq"pq"swcftq"fg"
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60504050"Guvcfq"cvwcn"fg"qrgtcèçq"
Q"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc"hc|"rctvg"fq"rqtvcn"Ectfwog"Wpkxgtukvâtkq"g"ê"wo"ukuvgoc"qpnkpg"
fg"dwuec"g"qhgtgekogpvq"fg"ectqpcu"rctc"ogodtqu"fc"wpkxgtukfcfg:20"Q"ukuvgoc"guvâ"go"
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qhgtgekogpvq"fg"ectqpcu0"
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eqo" eqngicu"fc"wpkxgtukfcfg="fcu"tgfgu" uqekcku="fq"g/ockn"fc"Rqnk"qw"fg"cniwoc"qwvtc"
gurêekg" fg" fkxwnicèçq" go" oîfkc" kortguuc" qw" gngvtõpkec0" Xcoqu" cuuwokt" swg" Nûekc"
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rguswkuct"ocku"kphqtocèùgu"uqdtg"q"oguoq0"
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rqtêo" pgeguuâtkqu" cq" dqo" hwpekqpcogpvq" g" ä" ugiwtcpèc" fq" ukuvgoc0" C" rctvkt" fq"
ecfcuvtq."Nûekc"guvâ"crvc"c"wvknk|ct"q"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc0"
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dwuect" oqvqtkuvcu" fg" Pkvgtôk" swg" ug" nqeqoqxco" cvê" q" ecorwu" fc" Knjc" fq" Hwpfçq." go"
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guugu" tgswkukvqu." wo" jqogo" g" woc" ownjgt0" Codqu" eqdtco" woc" eqpvtkdwkèçq" fg" T&"
6.22."tgeqpjgekfc"eqoq"lwuvc"rqt"Nûekc0"Crguct"fc"rtghgtípekc"kpkekcn"rqt"oqvqtkuvcu"fq"
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uweguuq0"Guugu"oqogpvqu"fg"cxcnkcèçq"g"rguswkuc"uçq"ugiwkfqu"rqt"oqogpvqu"fg"gurgtc"
rgnc"tgurquvc"g"kpegtvg|c"c"tgurgkvq"fc"cegkvcèçq"fg"uwc"uqnkekvcèçq0"
Kogtuçq<" Pc" gvcrc" flTgegdg" wo" qm" fq" oqvqtkuvc‚." Nûekc" ejgec" uwc" eqpvc" fg" g/ocknu"
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Nûekc"rtqxcxgnogpvg"ug"ugpvg"qvkokuvc"g"tgeqorgpucfc"rqt"wvknk|ct"q"ugtxkèq0"
Kogtuçq/ucîfc<"Pc"gvcrc"flOctec"c"ectqpc‚."Nûekc"cekqpc"qu"eqpvcvqu"fq"oqvqtkuvc"rctc"
vgnghqpct" rctc" gng" g" cegtvct" xgtdcnogpvg" woc" rtkogktc" ectqpc." ä" vîvwnq" fg" gzrgtkípekc0"
Pguug"oqogpvq."qu"fqku"ghgvwco"ugw"rtkogktq"eqpvcvq"fktgvq."q"swg"rqfg"igtct"cniwo"
fgueqphqtvq" qw" cpukgfcfg" kpkekcku." eqphqtog" q" fgugpxqnxkogpvq" fc" eqpxgtuc0" Codqu"
octeco"wo"rqpvq"gurgeîhkeq"rctc"ug"gpeqpvtctgo"g."pq"fkc"eqodkpcfq."Nûekc"xck"cvê"q"
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Ucîfc<"Pc"gvcrc"kpvkvwncfc"flVtclgvq"eqoq"ectqpc‚."q"oqvqtkuvc"ejgic"cq"nqecn"g"jqtâtkq"
eqodkpcfqu" g" tgegdg" Nûekc0" Codqu" ug" crtgugpvco" g" kpkekco" wo" fkânqiq0" Guvg" ê" wo"
oqogpvq"fg"eqpjgekogpvq"oûvwq"g"kpvgtcèçq"uqekcn0"Nûekc"ugiwg"eqo"q"oqvqtkuvc"cvê"q"
rqpvq"eqodkpcfq"pc"Knjc"fq"Hwpfçq0"
Ucîfc/Gzvgpuçq<"Go"flEqpvtkdwkèçq"fq"ectqpc‚."Nûekc"rcic"c"eqpvtkdwkèçq"cq"oqvqtkuvc"
g."rqt"eqpvc"fg"woc"xkcigo"vtcpswknc"g"eqphqtvâxgn."vgo"c"ugpucèçq"fg"swg"c"gzrgtkípekc"
xcngw"ä"rgpc0"Q"oqvqtkuvc"citcfgeg"g"codqu"ug"fgurgfgo0"
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ectqpcu"g" fqu" wuwâtkqu"fq" ukuvgoc0"Cvwcnogpvg."rqtêo."guug"ugtxkèq"fg"encuukhkecèçq"g"
rquvcigo"fg"qrkpkùgu"ckpfc"pçq"guvâ"fkurqpîxgn0"
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Hkiwtc"42"⁄"Rgtuqpcu"rtgxkuvcu"rctc"c"ugiwpfc"lqtpcfc"fg"wvknk|cèçq"fq"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc"
Q" swcftq" cekoc" tgvtcvc" vtíu" rgthku" rtgxkuvqu" fg" wuwâtkqu" swg" wvknk|co" q" Ectqpc"
Wpkxgtukvâtkc" rctc" qhgtgegt" ectqpcu0" Rctc" knwuvtctoqu" c" gzrgtkípekc" fg" wuq" fq" ugtxkèq."
ugngekqpctgoqu"c"rgtuqpc"Vjkciq"Cndwswgtswg:70"
Vjkciq"Cndwswgtswg"ê"wo"lqxgo"fg"42"cpqu"swg"ewtuc"ogfkekpc"pc"WHTL0"Rqt"eqpvc"fq"
cnvq"ewuvq"fq"ewtuq."xgo"rguswkucpfq"cnvgtpcvkxcu"rctc"geqpqok|ct0"Eqoq"oqtc"nqpig"
fq"ecorwu"fq"Hwpfçq"g"htgswgpvc"q"ewtuq"swcvtq"fkcu"pc"ugocpc."pçq"swgt"fgkzct"fg"
wvknk|ct"q"ecttq"*godqtc"ugw"xgîewnq"eqpuwoc"rctvg"ukipkhkecvkxc"fg"uwc"tgegkvc+"g"rgpuc"
go"qhgtgegt"ectqpcu"rctc"cogpk|ct"qu"ewuvqu"eqo"eqodwuvîxgn0"Vjkciq"lâ"fgw"cniwocu"
ectqpcu" gurqtâfkecu" cpvgu" fg" rgpuct" go" wvknk|ct" q" Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc." ocu" ugpvg"
pgeguukfcfg"fg"qhgtgeí/ncu"fg"woc"ocpgktc"ocku"rtâvkec"g"qticpk|cfc0"
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wvknk|cpfq"qu"ugtxkèqu"fq"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc."c"hko"fg"knwuvtctoqu"vqfcu"cu"gvcrcu"rquuîxgku"fg"wvknk|cèçq"
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ewtkqukfcfg"g"pgeguukfcfg0"
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fguuc" cxcnkcèçq" g" go" eqplwpvq" eqo" uwc" rgtegrèçq" fg" swg" q" ukuvgoc" rqfg" clwfâ/nq" c"
uwrtkt" cniwocu" fg" uwcu" pgeguukfcfgu" hkpcpegktcu." fgekfg" hc|gt" woc" gzrgtkípekc" g" ug"
ecfcuvtct"pq"ukuvgoc0"
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Wpkxgtukvâtkc." gvcrc" swg" eqpvc" eqo" cniwpu" rtqegfkogpvqu" dwtqetâvkequ" *eqoq" c"
jcdknkvcèçq"fq"g/ockn"kpuvkvwekqpcn+"."rqtêo"pgeguuâtkqu"cq"hwpekqpcogpvq"g"ä"ugiwtcpèc"
fq"ukuvgoc0"C"rctvkt"fq"ecfcuvtq."vqtpc/ug"crvq"c"wvknk|ct"q"ugtxkèq0"
Gpvtcfc/Kogtuçq<" Go" flRguswkuc" g" qhgtgeg" ectqpc‚." Vjkciq" wvknk|c" q" ukuvgoc" rctc"
xgtkhkect"ug"cniwo"wuwâtkq"njg"uqnkekvqw"woc"ectqpc."g"ug"guuc"uqnkekvcèçq"ê"eqorcvîxgn"
eqo"uwcu"pgeguukfcfgu"g"gzkiípekcu0"Cvwcnk|c"ugw"ecfcuvtq"eqo"q"xcnqt"fc"eqpvtkdwkèçq"
swg" ktâ" rgfkt" g" ciwctfc" pqxcu" uqnkekvcèùgu0" Pq" vqvcn." vtíu" wuwâtkqu" uqnkekvco" ectqpcu" c"
Vjkciq."swg"ug"kpenkpc"c"crtqxct"fqku"fgngu"g"c"tglgkvct"wo"vgtegktq."swg"ê"hwocpvg0"
Kogtuçq<"Pc"gvcrc"flCrtqxc"wo"rgfkfq‚."Vjkciq"fgekfg."rqt"ugt"uwc"rtkogktc"ectqpc"pq"
ugtxkèq."crtqxct"crgpcu"wo"fqu"rgfkfqu0"Q"ukuvgoc"gpxkc"wo"g/ockn"eqo"c"crtqxcèçq"fc"
ectqpc" ä" wuwâtkc" ugngekqpcfc." swg." go" rqwequ" fkcu." fgxg" tgvqtpct" q" eqpvcvq0" Pguug"
oqogpvq."Vjkciq"ugpvg/ug"qvkokuvc"go"hc|gt"rctvg"fq"ugtxkèq."rqt"vgt"ukfq"dgo"uwegfkfq"
go"octect"woc"ectqpc"cvtcxêu"fgng0"
Kogtuçq/ucîfc<" Go" flOctec" c" ectqpc‚." Vjkciq" tgegdg" wo" vgnghqpgoc" fc" wuwâtkc" swg"
crtqxqw"c"ectqpc0"Pguug"oqogpvq."codqu"vío"ugw"rtkogktq"eqpvcvq"rguuqcn."swg"rqfg"
igtct"cniwo"fgueqphqtvq"qw"cpukgfcfg."eqphqtog"q"fgugpxqnxkogpvq"fc"eqpxgtuc"gpvtg"
gngu0"Vjkciq"g"uwc"hwvwtc"rcuucigktc"cegtvco"nqecn"g"jqtâtkq"rctc"ug"gpeqpvtctgo0"
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okpwvqu" rgnc" wuwâtkc0" Gnc" ejgic" cq" nqecn" octecfq" g" q" vtclgvq" cvê" c" Knjc" fq" Hwpfçq" ug"
kpkekc0" Vjkciq" g" uwc" rcuucigktc" eqpxgtuco" cvê" c" ejgicfc" cq" ecorwu" fq" Hwpfçq."
oqogpvq"fg"eqpjgekogpvq"oûvwq"g"kpvgtcèçq."swg"rqfg"igtct"cniwoc"cpukgfcfg0"
Ucîfc/Gzvgpuçq<" Pc" rgpûnvkoc" gvcrc" fc" lqtpcfc." flEqpvtkdwkèçq" fq" ectqpc‚." Vjkciq"
fgkzc"c"wuwâtkc"pq"nqecn"eqodkpcfq"g"guvc"njg"rcic"c"eqpvtkdwkèçq"cegtvcfc"g"rgtiwpvc"ug"
codqu" rqfgo" tgrgvkt" c" gzrgtkípekc." tgegdgpfq" tgurquvc" chktocvkxc0" Rqt" eqpvc" fg" woc"
xkcigo" vtcpswknc" g" rgnq" rtqpvq" tgegdkogpvq" fc" eqpvtkdwkèçq." Vjkciq" ug" ugpvg"
tgeqorgpucfq"g"qvkokuvc"go"eqpvkpwct"c"rctegtkc0"
Gzvgpuçq<"Pc"ûnvkoc"gvcrc"fg"wvknk|cèçq"fq"ugtxkèq."flTgvqtpq"fq"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc‚."
Vjkciq" ugpvg" hcnvc" fg" wo" ukuvgoc" ecrc|" fg" encuukhkect" c" ectqpc." fg" hqtoc" c" hqtpgegt" g"
rqfgt" tgegdgt" fg" qwvtqu" wuwâtkqu" wo" hggfdcem" fqu" ugtxkèqu" rtguvcfqu." rqku" ug"
jkrqvgvkecogpvg" vkxguug" cniwo" rtqdngoc" eqo" c" rcuucigktc." pçq" ucdgtkc" swg" cvkvwfg"
vqoct"g"pgo"c"swgo"tgeqttgt0"
60504080"Tgeqogpfcèùgu"fg"rtqlgvq"
Pguvc" ugèçq." hctgoqu" cu" tgeqogpfcèùgu" fg" rtqlgvq" dcugcfcu" pqu" eqpegkvqu"
oqvkxcekqpcku"fg"icog"fgukip0"Wvknk|ctgoqu"q"oguoq"rtqeguuq"cpvgtkqt."gzgewvcfq"pq"
Tgekenc/EV." go" codcu" cu" lqtpcfcu" fg" ugtxkèq" fq" Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc" *fguetkvcu" pc"
ugèçq"6050308."râikpcu"353"g"354+0"
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eqo"q"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc"cvtcxêu"fg"woc"eqngic"fg"ewtuq0"Gnc"ocpkhguvc"kpvgtguug"g"
fgekfg"xkukvct"ugw"ukvg"rctc"eqpjgeí/nq"ognjqt"g"cxcnkct"ug"guvg"ugtkc"woc"dqc"qrèçq"rctc"
uwcu"pgeguukfcfgu0"C"rtkogktc"gpvtcfc"fg"Nûekc"pq"ukvg."rqtvcpvq."crguct"fg"ug"eqphkiwtct"
flcrgpcu‚" eqoq" woc" rtqurgeèçq" kpkekcn" rqt" kphqtocèùgu" c" tgurgkvq" fq" Ectqpc"
Wpkxgtukvâtkc." fgxgtâ" kphnwgpekct" vqfcu" cu" uwcu" fgekuùgu" c" rctvkt" fcî0" Rctc" ug" ugpvkt"
rtqrgpuc"c"wvknk|ct"q"ugtxkèq."Nûekc"rtgekuc"ugt"eqpxgpekfc"fg"swg"gng"hwpekqpc"g"fg"swg"
vtc|" woc" uqnwèçq" rctc" q" ugw" flrtqdngoc‚0" Tgeqogpfcoqu" swg." pguug" rtkogktq" eqpvcvq."
Nûekc" ug" hcoknkctk|g" eqo" ekpeq" eqplwpvqu" fg" kphqtocèùgu." fkurqpkdknk|cfqu" pc" râikpc"
kpkekcn"fq"ukvg."rctc"swg"eqortggpfc"q"ugtxkèq"fc"hqtoc"ocku"eqorngvc"g"ghkec|"rquuîxgn0"
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rctvkekrcèçq" fqu" wuwâtkqu" pq" ugtxkèq" g" swcku" qu" ugwu" rquuîxgku" rcrêku" eqoq" wuwâtkc"
*eqorqpgpvgu" eqpvtqng" g" qdlgvkxq+0" Go" vgtegktq." fgxg" vgt" ceguuq" c" woc" nkuvcigo" fcu"
xcpvcigpu" rguuqcku" fktgvcu" swg" rqfg" eqpswkuvct" cvtcxêu" fg" uwc" rctvkekrcèçq." eqoq"
dtkpfgu."rqpvqu"fg"gzrgtkípekc."uvcvwu."gpvtg"qwvtqu"*eqorqpgpvgu"hggfdcem"g"kpvgtcèçq"
uqekcn+0" Go" swctvq" nwict." fgxg" xkuwcnk|ct" woc" nkuvc" fg" dgpghîekqu" uqekqcodkgpvcku"
igtcfqu" cvtcxêu" fc" rctvkekrcèçq" cvkxc" fqu" wuwâtkqu" pq" Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc." eqoq" c"
fkokpwkèçq" fqu" gpicttchcogpvqu" g" fq" eqpuwoq" fg" eqodwuvîxgku." c" fkokpwkèçq" fc"
nqvcèçq" fqu" vtcpurqtvgu" rûdnkequ." pqxcu" qrqtvwpkfcfgu" fg" uqekcnk|cèçq." gpvtg" qwvtqu"
*eqorqpgpvg" xqnwpvctkgfcfg" g" kpvgtcèçq" uqekcn+0" Go" swkpvq" g" ûnvkoq" nwict." fgxg" vgt"
ceguuq" ä" kphqtocèçq" fg" swg" q" Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc" cegkvc" crgpcu" ogodtqu" cvkxqu" fc"
WHTL."fg"oqfq"c"tghqtèct"c"ugpucèçq"fg"ugiwtcpèc"fqu"wuwâtkqu"swg"rtgvgpfco"wvknk|ct"
q"ugtxkèq"*eqorqpgpvg"ugpucèçq+0"Eqo"c"fkurqpkdknk|cèçq"fg"hqtoc"enctc"fguugu"ekpeq"
gngogpvqu."Nûekc"rqfg"eqortggpfgt"tcrkfcogpvg"eqoq"q"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc"hwpekqpc"
g"swg"dgpghîekqu"*fktgvqu"g"kpfktgvqu+"rqfg"njg"vtc|gt0"
Hc|"q"ecfcuvtq<"Pguvc"gvcrc."Nûekc"lâ"guvâ"fgekfkfc"c"gzrgtkogpvct"q"ugtxkèq"g"fgekfg"ug"
ecfcuvtct0" Tgeqogpfcoqu" swg" q" ecfcuvtq" rquuwc" fwcu" xgtuùgu<" woc" flukorngu‚." swg."
swcpfq" rtggpejkfc." rgtokvc" ä" Nûekc" wvknk|ct" q" ugtxkèq." g" woc" fleqorngvc‚." swg" gzklc" q"
rtggpejkogpvq" fg" vqfqu" qu" fcfqu." ocu" pçq" pgeguukvg" ugt" eqorngvcfc" fg" kogfkcvq0"
Wvknk|coqu" qu" eqorqpgpvgu" guvtwvwtc" g" eqpvtqng." rqku" cnvgtcoqu" cu" fltgitcu‚" fg"
rtggpejkogpvq" fg" ecfcuvtqu." vqtpcpfq/cu" ocku" ukorngu." cq" oguoq" vgorq" go" swg"
rquukdknkvcoqu"cq"wuwâtkq"gueqnjgt"eqoq"swgt"ug"ecfcuvtct0"Q"wuwâtkq"rqfg"ckpfc"icpjct"
:8
" Pguug" ecuq." guvcoqu" fguetgxgpfq" cu" fwcu" rtkogktcu" lqtpcfcu" go" eqplwpvq" rqtswg" c" ockqtkc" fcu"
tgeqogpfcèùgu"rtqrquvcu"rqfg"cvwct"vcpvq"pc"rtkogktc"gvcrc"swcpvq"pc"ugiwpfc"*qw"go"codcu+0"
37:"
rqpvqu"fg"gzrgtkípekc:9"*eqorqpgpvg"hggfdcem+"⁄"go"ockqt"swcpvkfcfg"rctc"q"ecfcuvtq"
eqorngvq"⁄"eqo"q"rtggpejkogpvq"fg"codqu"qu"ecfcuvtqu0"Xkucpfq"hceknkvct"q"ecfcuvtq."
rqfgtkc"jcxgt"c"qrèçq"fg"korqtvct"qw"xkpewnct"fcfqu"fq"rgthkn"fq"wuwâtkq"pq"Hcegdqqm"
*eqorqpgpvg" kpvgtcèçq" uqekcn+0" Rqt" eqpvc" fkuuq." ecorqu" eqoq" pqog." ugzq" g" g/ockn" lâ"
rqfgtkco" ugt" rtggpejkfqu" cwvqocvkecogpvg." g" q" rtôrtkq" rgthkn" fq" wuwâtkq" pq" Ectqpc"
Wpkxgtukvâtkc" rqfgtkc" hkect" xkpewncfq" cq" fq" Hcegdqqm0" Crôu" q" rtggpejkogpvq" fq"
ecfcuvtq." Nûekc" tgegdgtkc" woc" nkuvc" fg" tgeqogpfcèùgu" fg" swcku" cèùgu" rqfgtkc" vqoct" c"
rctvkt" fcnk<" kphqtoct" ug" xck" wvknk|ct" q" Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc" eqoq" ectqpc" qw" oqvqtkuvc="
uqnkekvct" qw" qhgtgegt" ectqpcu=" eqpxkfct" cokiqu" fc" WHTL" rctc" q" Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc="
xkuwcnk|ct"qu"cokiqu"swg"lâ"hc|go"rctvg"fq"ugtxkèq="eqorngvct"ugw"ecfcuvtq."gpvtg"qwvtcu"
cèùgu" *eqorqpgpvgu" eqpvtqng." kpvgtcèçq" uqekcn." qdlgvkxq" g" hggfdcem+0" Qwvtc" korqtvcpvg"
tgeqogpfcèçq"ê"c"fg"swg"ecfc"cèçq"swg"ukipkhkswg"wo"rtqitguuq"pq"wuq"fq"ukuvgoc"igtg"
rqpvqu"fg"gzrgtkípekc"c"ugtgo"gzkdkfqu"pq"rgthkn"fg"Nûekc"*eqorqpgpvg"hggfdcem+0"
Rguswkuc" g" rgfg" ectqpc<" Vgoqu" crgpcu" woc" tgeqogpfcèçq." tgncekqpcfc" cqu"
eqorqpgpvgu" qdlgvkxq." guvtwvwtc" g" hggfdcem0" Rctc" gpeqtclct" Nûekc" c" uqnkekvct" ectqpcu" c"
ocku" fg" wo" oqvqtkuvc" *cwogpvcpfq" uwcu" ejcpegu" fg" uweguuq+." q" ukuvgoc" rqfg" fct" c"
Nûekc"rqpvqu"fg"gzrgtkípekc"rctc"ecfc"ectqpc"uqnkekvcfc::0"
Tgegdg" qm" fq" oqvqtkuvc<" Pguvc" gvcrc." q" ockqt" hggfdcem" ê" lwuvcogpvg" c" cegkvcèçq" fq"
rgfkfq"fg"ectqpc"fg"Nûekc"rqt"cniwo"oqvqtkuvc0"Ugo"kuuq."c"hwpèçq"rtkpekrcn"fq"Ectqpc"
Wpkxgtukvâtkc" *c" ectqpc+" pçq" qeqttg0" Eqo" c" rtkogktc" ectqpc" cegkvc." Nûekc" fgxg" icpjct"
rqpvqu" fg" gzrgtkípekc" uwhkekgpvgu" vcodêo" rctc"uwdkt" fg" pîxgn." tgegdgpfq" eqoq" dtkpfg"
*cnêo" fc" kphqtocèçq" fg" swg" ciqtc" ê" flpîxgn" 4‚+" wo" cfgukxq" eqo" qu" fk|gtgu<" flEctqpc"
Wpkxgtukvâtkc."gw"wuq#‚0"Eqorqpgpvgu"wvknk|cfqu<"hggfdcem"g"kpvgtcèçq"uqekcn0"
Octec" c" ectqpc<" Vgoqu" fwcu" rgswgpcu" tgeqogpfcèùgu." codcu" vtcvcpfq" fq"
eqorqpgpvg" kpvgtcèçq" uqekcn0" Pguuc" gvcrc." Nûekc" rqfgtkc" xkuwcnk|ct" qu" cokiqu" fq"
oqvqtkuvc"*pc"tgfg"fq"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc"g1qw"go"qwvtcu"tgfgu"uqekcku+"swg"ktâ"njg"fct"
:9
" Q" ukuvgoc" fg" rqpvqu" fg" gzrgtkípekc" xkuc" rtkpekrcnogpvg" rquukdknkvct" cq" wuwâtkq" q" tgeqpjgekogpvq" fg"
hqtoc" kogfkcvc" fq" korcevq" fg" uwcu" cèùgu." cnêo" fg" hc|gt" eqo" swg" ug" ukpvc" tgeqorgpucfq" fg" cniwoc"
ocpgktc"cq"kpvgtcikt"eqo"q"ukuvgoc."oguoq"ugo"guvct"rgicpfq"ectqpcu0"Q"ukuvgoc"rqfgtkc"hwpekqpct"fg"
oqfq"swg"ecfc"cèçq"vkxguug"gurgekhkecfc"c"swcpvkc"go"rqpvqu"c"ugt"igtcfc"g"swg"c"ecfc"egtvc"swcpvkfcfg"
fg" rqpvqu" qu" wuwâtkqu" uwdkuugo" fg" pîxgn." qdvgpfq" dgpghîekqu." vcku" eqoq" q" tgegdkogpvq" fg" cfgukxqu" g"
ecokugvcu"fq"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc."c"rquukdknkfcfg"fg"fgueqpvqu"go"guvcekqpcogpvqu"fqu"ecork"fc"WHTL"
g" fg" qwvtcu" kpuvkvwkèùgu" ecfcuvtcfcu0" Q" rtôrtkq" ukuvgoc" rqfgtkc" cxkuct" q" wuwâtkq" swcpfq" guvg" guvkxguug"
rtôzkoq"fg"uwdkt"fg"pîxgn."kpegpvkxcpfq/q"c"vqoct"cèùgu"fgvgtokpcfcu"rctc"kuuq0"
"
88
Rqtêo." eqo" c" rquukdknkfcfg" fg" tgvktcfc" fqu" rqpvqu" ug" cniwo" oqvqtkuvc" cegkvct" uwc" uqnkekvcèçq" g" gnc"
fgrqku"fgukuvkt."gxkvcpfq"swg"ug"crtqxgkvg"fkuuq"rctc"uqnkekvct"fkxgtucu"ectqpcu"crgpcu"eqo"c"hkpcnkfcfg"fg"
icpjct"rqpvqu"fg"gzrgtkípekc"rctc"uwdkt"fg"pîxgn0 37;"
ectqpc."rctc"xgt"ug"eqpjgeg"cniwo"fgngu"*eqorqpgpvg"kpvgtcèçq"uqekcn+0"C"ugiwpfc"ugtkc"
q" gpxkq" cwvqoâvkeq" fg" wo" g/ockn" rctc" codqu" qu" wuwâtkqu" swg" flgpukpcuug‚" tgitcu" fg"
gvkswgvc"rctc"ectqpcu:;."ugortg"swg"woc"rtkogktc"ectqpc"hquug"cegtvcfc0"
Vtclgvq"eqoq"ectqpc<"Pçq"vgoqu"pgpjwoc"rtqrqukèçq"gurgeîhkec"dcugcfc"pc"crnkecèçq"
fg" eqpegkvqu" fg" icog" fgukip0" Pq" gpvcpvq." tgeqpjgegoqu" swg" guvg" ê" wo" oqogpvq"
korqtvcpvg"rctc"q"ugtxkèq0"Ug"cniq"fgt"gttcfq"cswk."rtqxcxgnogpvg"ktâ"eqortqogvgt"vqfq"
q"tguvcpvg"fc"lqtpcfc0"Rqt"guvc"tc|çq"ê"korqtvcpvg"c"ugpucèçq"fg"ugiwtcpèc"igtcfc"rgnc"
qdtkicvqtkgfcfg"fqu"wuwâtkqu"ugtgo"ogodtqu"fc"WHTL."cuuko"eqoq"c"rquukdknkfcfg"fg"
cxcnkcèçq"fq"ugtxkèq"rtguvcfq"rgnq"oqvqtkuvc."crôu"q"ugw"vêtokpq0"
Eqpvtkdwkèçq" fq" ectqpc<" Oqogpvq" korqtvcpvg" rctc" q" oqvqtkuvc." pq" swcn" tgegdg" woc"
tgeqorgpuc" go" fkpjgktq" rgnq" ugtxkèq" rtguvcfq0" Guug" oqogpvq" fgxg" ugt" enctcogpvg"
cegtvcfq" swcpfq" c" ectqpc" hqt" cigpfcfc" gpvtg" cu" rctvgu." rctc" swg" pçq" jclc" pgpjwoc"
gurêekg"fg"fgugpvgpfkogpvq0"Q"ukuvgoc"fgxg"ug"tghgtkt"ä"rquukdknkfcfg"fg"rcicogpvq"fq"
oqvqtkuvc"eqoq"woc"fleqpvtkdwkèçq‚"qw"fleqncdqtcèçq‚."egtecpfq"guug"iguvq"fg"woc"flcwtc‚"
fg" rqukvkxkfcfg0" Q" wuwâtkq" fgxg" eqortggpfgt" swg" guvâ" eqncdqtcpfq" eqo" wo" eqngic."
tgvtkdwkpfq"woc"igpvkng|c0"Eqorqpgpvgu"wvknk|cfqu<"xqnwpvctkgfcfg."ugpucèçq0"
Tgvqtpq"fq"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc<"Guuc"ûnvkoc"gvcrc"vcodêo"ê"owkvq"korqtvcpvg"rctc"
q"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc."eqncdqtcpfq"rctc"wo"gxgpvwcn"tgvqtpq"fqu"wuwâtkqu"cq"ukuvgoc0"
C"rtkogktc"tgeqogpfcèçq"oguenc"qu"eqorqpgpvgu"qdlgvkxq"g"hggfdcem0"Vtcvc/ug"fg"woc"
pqvkhkecèçq"fq"ukuvgoc"gpxkcfc"rqt"g/ockn"rctc"swg"qu"wuwâtkqu"cxcnkgo"wpu"cqu"qwvtqu"
crôu" q" vêtokpq" fg" wo" rtqeguuq" fg" ectqpc;20" Nûekc." rqtvcpvq." vgo" c" qrqtvwpkfcfg" fg"
cxcnkct"qu"ugtxkèqu"rtguvcfqu"rgnq"oqvqtkuvc."hqtpgegpfq"wo"tgvqtpq"rctc"qwvtqu"wuwâtkqu"
fq" Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc" g" icpjcpfq" rqpvqu" fg" gzrgtkípekc" cvtcxêu" fc" rquvcigo" fguuc"
cxcnkcèçq0"Q"ukvg"eqpvctkc"ckpfc"eqo"wo"ukuvgoc"fg"tcpmkpi"rctc"ectqpcu"g"oqvqtkuvcu."
kpfkecpfq"qu"wuwâtkqu"ocku"cvkxqu."uwcu"cxcnkcèùgu."eqo"swgo"rgictco"ectqpcu."go"swg"
pîxgn" guvçq" *pîxgn" 3." 4." 5000+" pq" ukuvgoc" g" swg" tgeqorgpucu" icpjctco" eqo" uwcu" cèùgu"
*eqorqpgpvgu" guvtwvwtc." hggfdcem." kpvgtcèçq" uqekcn+0" Guug" tcpmkpi" rqfgtkc" ugt"
xkuwcnk|cfq" rqt" swcnswgt" wuwâtkq" fq" ugtxkèq0" Eqoq" ûnvkoc" tgeqogpfcèçq." dcugcfc" pq"
eqorqpgpvg"kpvgtcèçq"uqekcn."ectqpc"g"oqvqtkuvc"rqfgtkco"cfkekqpct"wo"cq"qwvtq"eqoq"
flcokiqu‚"pc"tgfg"fg"eqpvcvqu"fq"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc"g"vcodêo"pcu"tgfgu"uqekcku0"
:;
"Q"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc"lâ"vgo"go"uwc"râikpc"wo"nkpm"fg"ceguuq"c"tgitcu"fg"gvkswgvc"rctc"ectqpcu."ocu"
cvwcnogpvg"qu"wuwâtkqu"ê"swg"vío"swg"vqoct"c"kpkekcvkxc"fg"ceguuâ/nc0"
"
;2
" C" cxcnkcèçq" rqfgtkc" vgt" fkhgtgpvgu" itcwu<" rqukvkxc." pgwvtc" qw" pgicvkxc0" Q" wuwâtkq" vcodêo" rqfgtkc"
gzrtguuct"guuc"cxcnkcèçq"vgzvwcnogpvg0"Qu"swg"hqtgo"rqukvkxcogpvg"icpjco"rqpvqu"fg"gzrgtkípekc0"
382"
"
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Lqtpcfc"fg"Ugtxkèq"4"
383"
Hkiwtc"45"⁄"lqtpcfc"fg"ugtxkèq"pûogtq"4"fq"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc"
"
Rtkogktq" eqpvcvq" g" Xkukvc" q" ukvg<" Pcu" fwcu" rtkogktcu" gvcrcu" fc" lqtpcfc" fg" ugtxkèq."
Vjkciq" Cndwswgtswg" vgo" ugw" rtkogktq" eqpvcvq" eqo" q" Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc" g" fgekfg"
xkukvct"c"râikpc"fq"rtqlgvq"rctc"eqpjgegt"ognjqt"ugwu"ugtxkèqu0"Q"kfgcn"ê"swg"Vjkciq"flug"
eqpxgpèc‚"ug"swgt"qw"pçq"wvknk|ct"q"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc"nqiq"go"ugw"rtkogktq"ceguuq0"
Rqt" eqpvc" fkuuq." pguvg" rtkogktq" eqpvcvq." fgxg" ug" hcoknkctk|ct" eqo" ekpeq" eqplwpvqu" fg"
kphqtocèùgu<" go" rtkogktq" nwict." eqortggpfgt" q" swg" ê" q" Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc" g" swcku"
ugtxkèqu" qhgtgeg0" Go" ugiwpfq." fgxg" ugt" kphqtocfq" uqdtg" fg" swg" ocpgktcu" rqfg"
rctvkekrct" fq" ugtxkèq" *eqorqpgpvgu" eqpvtqng" g" qdlgvkxq+0" Go" vgtegktq" nwict." fgxg"
xkuwcnk|ct" qu" dgpghîekqu" fktgvqu" swg" rqfg" qdvgt" rctvkekrcpfq" fq" Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc."
vcku" eqoq" c" geqpqokc" fg" fkpjgktq." q" icpjq" fg" tgeqorgpucu" *dtkpfgu." fgueqpvqu" go"
guvcekqpcogpvqu+."rqpvqu"fg"gzrgtkípekc."pqxcu"cok|cfgu"gve0"*eqorqpgpvgu"hggfdcem"g"
kpvgtcèçq"uqekcn+0"Go"swctvq."fgxg"xkuwcnk|ct"c"nkuvc"fg"dgpghîekqu"uqekqcodkgpvcku"fktgvc"
g" kpfktgvcogpvg" igtcfqu" cvtcxêu" fc" uwc" rctvkekrcèçq" *g" fc" fg" qwvtqu" wuwâtkqu+." eqoq" c"
fkokpwkèçq" fqu" gpicttchcogpvqu" pqu" jqtâtkqu" fg" rkeq" pc" tgikçq" fc" Knjc" fq" Hwpfçq." c"
fkokpwkèçq" fq" eqpuwoq" fg" eqodwuvîxgku." c" fkokpwkèçq" fc" rtguuçq" uqdtg" q" vtcpurqtvg"
rûdnkeq."gpvtg"qwvtqu0"G"go"swkpvq"nwict."fgxg"eqortggpfgt"swg"q"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc"
cegkvc" crgpcu" ogodtqu" cvkxqu" fc" WHTL." eqoq" hqtoc" fg" fct" ockqt" eqphkcdknkfcfg" cq"
ugtxkèq" *eqorqpgpvg" ugpucèçq+0" Cvtcxêu" fc" eqortggpuçq" fguugu" ekpeq" kvgpu." Vjkciq"
rqfg" cxcnkct" eqo" ocku" rtqrtkgfcfg." nqiq" go" uwc" rtkogktc" xkukvc." ug" q" Ectqpc"
Wpkxgtukvâtkc"njg"kpvgtguuc"qw"pçq0"
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kphqtocèùgu"cpcnkucfcu"pcu"gvcrcu"cpvgtkqtgu0"Pguvc"gvcrc."wvknk|ctgoqu"qu"eqorqpgpvgu"
eqpvtqng"g"guvtwvwtc."tgeqogpfcpfq"swg"q"ecfcuvtq"rquuwc"fwcu"xgtuùgu<"woc"flukorngu‚."
swg" rgtokvc" cq" wuwâtkq" wvknk|ct" q" ugtxkèq" fg" hqtoc" dâukec" *dwuecpfq" ectqpcu" qw"
eqpxkfcpfq" cokiqu+" g" woc" fleqorngvc‚." swg" rgtokvc" c" wvknk|cèçq" fg" vqfcu" cu"
hwpekqpcnkfcfgu" fq" ukuvgoc" *qhgtgegt" qw" rtqurgevct" ectqpcu+0" Vjkciq" vcodêo" icpjctâ"
rqpvqu"fg"gzrgtkípekc;3"cq"ug"ecfcuvtct"fg"codcu"cu"hqtocu."ocu"icpjctâ"ocku"rqpvqu"
rgnq" ecfcuvtcogpvq" eqorngvq." fg" hqtoc" c" kpegpvkxct" ugw" rtggpejkogpvq0" Eqo" xkuvcu" c"
hceknkvct" q"ecfcuvtq." rqfgtkco" ugt" korqtvcfqu"qw"xkpewncfqu"fcfqu"fq"rgthkn"fg"Vjkciq"
pq" Hcegdqqm" *ug" guvg" rquuwkt" wo+0" Ecorqu" eqoq" pqog." kfcfg." ugzq." gpvtg" qwvtqu."
rqfgtkco" ugt" cwvqocvkecogpvg" rtggpejkfqu" eqo" qu" fcfqu" korqtvcfqu" fc" tgfg" uqekcn."
fcpfq" ogpqu" vtcdcnjq" dwtqetâvkeq" cq" wuwâtkq0" Fguug" oqfq." q" rgthkn" fg" Vjkciq" pq"
Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc" hkectkc" kpvgitcfq" cq" fq" Hcegdqqm." rgtokvkpfq" swg" uwcu" cèùgu."
;3
"Rctc"ocku"kphqtocèùgu"uqdtg"q"ukuvgoc"fg"rqpvqu"fg"gzrgtkípekc."xgt"pqvc":9."râikpc"37;0"
384"
tgeqorgpucu" g" eqpswkuvcu" pq" Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc" rwfguugo" ugt" gzkdkfcu" *g"
xkuwcnk|cfcu"rqt"ugwu"cokiqu+"vcodêo"pgng0"Crôu"q"rtggpejkogpvq"fq"ecfcuvtq."Vjkciq"
tgegdgtkc"woc"nkuvc"fg"uwiguvùgu"fg"cèùgu"c"vqoct."eqoq."rqt"gzgornq<"kphqtoct"ug"xck"
wvknk|ct"q"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc"eqoq"ectqpc"qw"oqvqtkuvc="uqnkekvct"qw"qhgtgegt"ectqpcu="
eqpxkfct" cokiqu" fc" WHTL" rctc" q" ugtxkèq=" xkuwcnk|ct" qu" cokiqu" swg" lâ" hc|go" rctvg" fq"
oguoq="eqorngvct"ugw"ecfcuvtq"gve0"Ecfc"woc"fguucu"cèùgu."swcpfq"eqpenwîfc."igtctkc"
rqpvqu" fg" gzrgtkípekc" c" ugtgo" gzkdkfqu" pq" rgthkn" fg" Vjkciq0" Eqorqpgpvgu" wvknk|cfqu"
pguvc"gvcrc<"qdlgvkxq."hggfdcem."eqpvtqng."kpvgtcèçq"uqekcn"g"guvtwvwtc0"
Rguswkuc" g" qhgtgeg" ectqpc<" Cswk" vgoqu" woc" tgeqogpfcèçq" tgncekqpcfc" cqu"
eqorqpgpvgu"qdlgvkxq."guvtwvwtc"g"hggfdcem0"Rctc"gpeqtclct"Vjkciq"c"cegkvct"ectqpcu"fg"
ocku" fg" wo" wuwâtkq" rqt" xg|" *cwogpvcpfq." cuuko." c" ghkekípekc" fq" ugtxkèq+." fgxg" ugt"
gurgekhkecfq" rgnq" ukuvgoc" swg" gng" icpjctâ" rqpvqu" fg" gzrgtkípekc" rctc" ecfc" ectqpc"
cegkvc0"Eqorqpgpvgu"wvknk|cfqu"pguvc"gvcrc<"qdlgvkxq."hggfdcem"g"guvtwvwtc0"
Crtqxc"wo"rgfkfq<"Guvc"ê"woc"gvcrc/ejcxg"fc"lqtpcfc."rqku"ê"go"vqtpq"fq"ugtxkèq"fg"
ectqpcu"swg"q"ukuvgoc"qtdkvc0"Cq"cegkvct"wo"rgfkfq"fg"ectqpc."Vjkciq"tgegdg"wo"g/ockn"
fq" ukuvgoc" njg" kphqtocpfq" qu" fcfqu" fq" wuwâtkq" g" cu" hqtocu" eqo" swg" rqfg" gpvtct" go"
eqpvcvq0" Eqo" c" rtkogktc" uqnkekvcèçq" fg" ectqpc" cegkvc." Vjkciq" fgxg" vcodêo" tgegdgt"
rqpvqu"fg"gzrgtkípekc"uwhkekgpvgu"rctc"uwdkt"fg"pîxgn."tgegdgpfq"eqoq"dtkpfg"*cnêo"fc"
kphqtocèçq" go" ugw" rgthkn" fg" swg" ciqtc" ê" flpîxgn" 4‚+" wo" cfgukxq" eqo" qu" fk|gtgu<" flGw"
eqncdqtq" eqo" q" Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc‚" qw" cniq" ugognjcpvg0" C" rctvkt." rqt" gzgornq." fc"
fêekoc" ectqpc" qhgtgekfc." Vjkciq" rqfgtkc" tgegdgt" wo" ectvçq" fq" rtqitcoc." c" ugt"
crtgugpvcfq"pqu"guvcekqpcogpvqu"fc"WHTL."kugpvcpfq/q"fq"rcicogpvq;40"Eqorqpgpvgu"
wvknk|cfqu<"eqpvtqng."qdlgvkxq."hggfdcem"g"kpvgtcèçq"uqekcn0"
Octec" c" ectqpc<" Pguug" oqogpvq." tgeqogpfcoqu" c" wvknk|cèçq" fq" eqorqpgpvg"
kpvgtcèçq" uqekcn." rctc" swg" Vjkciq" vgpjc" c" qrèçq" fg" xkuwcnk|ct" qu" cokiqu" *vcpvq" pq"
Hcegdqqm" swcpvq" pq" Ectqpc" Wpkxgtukvâtkc+" fqu" rcuucigktqu" swg" vkxgt" rquukdknkfcfg" fg"
fct" ectqpcu" g" eqphgtkt" ug" eqpjgeg" cniwpu" fgngu0" Vjkciq" tgegdgtkc" vcodêo" wo" g/ockn"
cwvqoâvkeq" flgpukpcpfq/njg‚" tgitcu" fg" gvkswgvc" rctc" ectqpcu." ugortg" swg" woc" rtkogktc"
ectqpc"hquug"igtcfc"gpvtg"woc"pqxc"fwrnc"*ectqpc"g"oqvqtkuvc+0"
Vtclgvq"eqoq"oqvqtkuvc<"Guvg"ê"wo"oqogpvq"etîvkeq"g"eqorngzq"rctc"c"rtqrqukèçq"fg"
tgeqogpfcèùgu." rqt" fgrgpfgt" ocku" fc" kpvgtcèçq" gpvtg" ectqpc" g" oqvqtkuvc" fq" swg" fg"
;4
"Guug"rcicogpvq"rqfgtkc"ugt"kugpvcfq"rqt"wo"rgtîqfq"fg"vgorq"fgvgtokpcfq"*rqt"gzgornq."fqku"ogugu+."
kpegpvkxcpfq"Vjkciq"c"eqpvkpwct"rctvkekrcpfq"rctc"qdvgt"pqxcogpvg"guug"dgpghîekq"fg"vgorqu"go"vgorqu0"
385"
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ugtxkèq" pçq" vgoqu" pgpjwoc" rtqrqukèçq" c" uwigtkt0" Q" korqtvcpvg" cswk" ê" swg" cu" fgocku"
gvcrcu"rtgrctgo"vcpvq"q"ectqpc"eqoq"q"oqvqtkuvc"c"ug"eqorqtvctgo"fg"hqtoc"cfgswcfc"
pq"oqogpvq"fc"ectqpc"rtqrtkcogpvg"fkvc0"
Eqpvtkdwkèçq" fq" ectqpc<" Vcodêo" wo" fqu" oqogpvqu" etîvkequ" rctc" qu" oqvqtkuvcu." pq"
swcn"tgegdgo"c"eqpvtkdwkèçq"swg"qu"clwfctâ"hkpcpegktcogpvg"g"q"kpegpvkxctâ"c"eqpvkpwct"
qhgtgegpfq"ectqpcu0"C"eqpvtkdwkèçq"fgxg"ugt"cegtvcfc"pq"oqogpvq"go"swg"c"ectqpc"hqt"
cigpfcfc" gpvtg" cu" rctvgu." rctc" swg" pçq" jclc" pgpjwoc" gurêekg" fg" rtqdngoc" swcpfq" q"
oqogpvq"ejgict0"Q"ukuvgoc"fgxg"ug"tghgtkt"cq"rcicogpvq"eqoq"woc"fleqpvtkdwkèçq‚"qw"
fleqncdqtcèçq‚."egtecpfq"q"iguvq"fg"woc"flcwtc‚"fg"rqukvkxkfcfg0"Q"wuwâtkq"swg"eqpvtkdwkt"
fgxg" eqortggpfgt" swg" guvâ" eqncdqtcpfq" eqo" wo" eqngic." tgvtkdwkpfq" woc" igpvkng|c0"
Eqorqpgpvgu"wvknk|cfqu<"xqnwpvctkgfcfg."ugpucèçq0"
Tgvqtpq"fq"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc<"Guuc"ûnvkoc"gvcrc"vcodêo"ê"owkvq"korqtvcpvg."rqku"
cvtcxêu" fgnc" rqfgoqu" kpegpvkxct" qu" wuwâtkqu" c" eqpvkpwct" wvknk|cpfq" q" Ectqpc"
Wpkxgtukvâtkc0"C"rtkogktc"tgeqogpfcèçq"wvknk|c"qu"eqorqpgpvgu"qdlgvkxq"g"hggfdcem"g"ug"
vtcvc"fg"woc"gurêekg"fg"pqvkhkecèçq"hgkvc"rgnq"ukuvgoc"rctc"swg"qu"wuwâtkqu"hcèco"woc"
cxcnkcèçq"oûvwc"crôu"q"hko"fc"ectqpc0"Vjkciq."rqtvcpvq."vgo"c"qrqtvwpkfcfg"fg"cxcnkct"q"
eqorqtvcogpvq"fq"ugw"rcuucigktq"qw" kphqtoct"ug"gng"njg"rciqw"qw"pçq"c"eqpvtkdwkèçq"
uqnkekvcfc."igtcpfq"wo" hggfdcem"rctc"qwvtqu"wuwâtkqu"g"qdvgpfq"rqpvqu"fg"gzrgtkípekc"
cvtcxêu"fc"rquvcigo"fc"cxcnkcèçq0"Qwvtc"tgeqogpfcèçq"ugtkc"c"fg"swg"q"ukvg"vkxguug"wo"
ukuvgoc"fg"tcpmkpi"*eqorqpgpvg"guvtwvwtc+"rctc"rcuucigktqu"g"oqvqtkuvcu"swg"xcnqtk|cuug"
qu"wuwâtkqu"ocku"cvkxqu."fgoqpuvtcpfq"uwcu"cxcnkcèùgu."rqpvwcèùgu."eqo"swgo"rgictco"
qw"rctc"swgo"qhgtgegtco"ectqpcu."go"swg"pîxgn"guvçq"g"swg"tgeqorgpucu"lâ"icpjctco"
*eqorqpgpvgu" hggfdcem" g" kpvgtcèçq" uqekcn+0" Eqoq" ûnvkoc" tgeqogpfcèçq." dcugcfc" pq"
eqorqpgpvg" kpvgtcèçq" uqekcn." vcpvq" Vjkciq" swcpvq" ugw" rcuucigktq" rqfgtkco" cfkekqpct"
wo"cq"qwvtq"eqoq"flcokiqu‚"pc"tgfg"fg"eqpvcvqu"fq"Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc."eqo"c"qrèçq"
fg"ug"vqtpctgo"flcokiqu‚"pq"Hcegdqqm"qw"go"qwvtcu"tgfgu"uqekcku0"
Ectqpc"Wpkxgtukvâtkc"rctc"wuwâtkqu"cxcpècfqu"
Eqphqtog"c"wvknk|cèçq"fqu"pqxqu"ugtxkèqu"cswk"eqogpvcfqu."pqxqu"gngogpvqu"rqfgtkco"
ugt"rtqrquvqu"cqu"wuwâtkqu"ocku"hkêku"g"cvkxqu"fq"rtqitcoc0"Okuuùgu"gurgekcku"rqfgtkco"
ugt"rtqrquvcu"go"vtqecu"fg"dgpghîekqu"*rqpvqu"fg"gzrgtkípekc"fwrnkecfqu."dtkpfgu+."eqoq"
flfí" ectqpc" rctc" vtíu" rguuqcu" cq" oguoq" vgorq‚." flfí" ectqpc" rctc" fg|" rguuqcu" go" wo"
oíu‚."flrgiwg"ectqpc"eqo"fqku"pqxqu"oqvqtkuvcu‚."fleqpxkfg"vtíu"cokiqu‚."gpvtg"qwvtcu0"
386"
70"Eqpenwuçq""
7030"Eqpukfgtcèùgu"uqdtg"q"rtqeguuq"fg"rguswkuc"
Pguuc" fkuugtvcèçq." dwuecoqu" vtc|gt" woc" pqxc" cdqtfcigo" ogvqfqnôikec." dcugcfc" pq"
icog" fgukip." ä" eqowpkfcfg" fq" fgukip" rctc" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0" Fg" hqtoc" ocku"
gurgeîhkec."rtqewtcoqu"eqpvtkdwkt"pc"dwuec"fg"eqpegkvqu"g"oêvqfqu"eqo"q"rqvgpekcn"fg"
cwogpvct" q" itcw" fg" rctvkekrcèçq" *qw" gpxqnxkogpvq+" fcu" rguuqcu" go" uqnwèùgu" swg"
rtqoqxco" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg." eqoq" c" fkuewvkoqu" cswk0" Fgekfkoqu" ugiwkt" rqt" guug"
ecokpjq"cvtcxêu"fc"eqpuvcvcèçq."go"pquucu"rguswkucu"kpkekcku."fg"wo"rqpvq"korqtvcpvg"g"
rtqokuuqt"fg"kpxguvkicèçq<"c"dckzc"rctvkekrcèçq"fc"uqekgfcfg"go"kpkekcvkxcu"qtkgpvcfcu"ä"
uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0"Ö"hcvq"eqpuwocfq"pq"ecorq"fq"fgukip"rctc"c"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"swg"qu"
rtqfwvqu." rtâvkecu" g" ugtxkèqu" swg" vío" rqt" qdlgvkxq" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg" pgeguukvco" ugt"
ognjqt" rtqoqxkfqu" rctc" ug" vqtpctgo" ocku" dgo" cegkvqu" g" rqfgtgo" ghgvkxcogpvg"
flecvcnkuct‚"cu"owfcpècu"pgeguuâtkcu0""
Pquuq" rtqeguuq" fg" rguswkuc" dwueqw" pc" eqowpkfcfg" fq" icog" fgukip" woc" rtqrquvc" fg"
eqpvtkdwkèçq"swg"wvknk|cuug"eqpegkvqu"ecrc|gu"fg"cwogpvct"q"rqvgpekcn"fg"rctvkekrcèçq"g"
oqvkxcèçq" fqu" wuwâtkqu" go" rtâvkecu" g" cèùgu" eqvkfkcpcu" fcu" ocku" fkxgtucu0" Rctc" pquuq"
ecuq"gurgeîhkeq."rqtêo."guugu"eqpegkvqu"hqtco"rguswkucfqu"fg"oqfq"c"ugtgo"cpcnkucfqu"
g" crnkecfqu" pqu" ejcocfqu" ugtxkèqu" rctc" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0" Go" pquucu" rguswkucu." pçq"
hqtco"gpeqpvtcfqu"tgikuvtqu"swg"eqortqxcuugo"c"crnkecèçq"gurgeîhkec"fguugu"eqpegkvqu"
oqvkxcekqpcku"fg"icog"fgukip"pc"rtqoqèçq"fc"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0"Cniwpu"cwvqtgu"*gpvtg"
gngu"Lcpg"OeIqpkicn+"tgeqpjgego"g"uwigtgo"swg"guvgu"oguoqu"eqpegkvqu"rqfgtkco"ugt"
gortgicfqu." rqt" gzgornq." go" hcxqt" fg" rtqlgvqu" swg" eqpvtkdwîuugo" rctc" c" fkokpwkèçq"
fqu"ghgkvqu"fq"cswgekogpvq"inqdcn."ocu"ugo."cvê"qpfg"ucdgoqu."ugo"vgt"eqnqecfq"guugu"
eqpegkvqu" go" rtâvkec" rctc" guvg" hko" gurgeîhkeq0" Ocku" tgegpvgogpvg." ciqtc" go" 4234."
vqocoqu" ekípekc" fg" wo" rckpgn" fg" fkuewuuçq" pqu" GWC" c" tgurgkvq" fq" wuq" fg" rtkpeîrkqu"
fqu" lqiqu" rctc" rtqoqxgt" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg;5." cuuko" eqoq" vcodêo" fg" swg" c" gortguc"
Dwpejdcnn" vcodêo" xgo" kpkekcpfq" rguswkucu" g" fkuewuuùgu" c" tgurgkvq" fg" fleqoq" gpiclct"
rctc" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg‚;60" Eqoq" rqfgoqu" xgt." guvg" ê" wo" rtqeguuq" swg" xgkq" *g" ckpfc"
xgo+"vqocpfq"eqtrq"gpswcpvq"guuc"rguswkuc"g"fkuugtvcèçq"hqtco"ugpfq"fgugpxqnxkfcu0"
;5
"Icokh{kpi"Uwuvckpcdknkv{0"Fkurqpîxgn"go<">jvvr<11fuk0uxc0gfw1icokh{kpi/uwuvckpcdknkv{/rcpgn10@"
"
;6
"Kphqtocèçq"tgegdkfc"cvtcxêu"fc"nkuvc"fg"g/ocknu"fc"rtôrtkc"Dwpejdcnn0 387"
Cq" cpcnkuctoqu" qu" qdlgvkxqu" rtqrquvqu" nqiq" pc" kpvtqfwèçq" fc" fkuugtvcèçq." rqfgoqu"
eqpukfgtâ/nqu"*vcpvq"q"qdlgvkxq"igtcn"swcpvq"qu"gurgeîhkequ+"eqoq"eqpenwîfqu0"Xglcoqu"
ecfc"wo"fgngu."c"eqogèct"rgnqu"vtíu"qdlgvkxqu"gurgeîhkequ<"
Rtkogktq"qdlgvkxq"gurgeîhkeq<"Cpcnkuct"qu"eqpegkvqu"oqvkxcekqpcku"rguswkucfqu"c"rctvkt"
fg"woc"tgxkuçq"fc"nkvgtcvwtc"pq"ecorq"fg"icog"fgukip"g"ukpvgvk|â/nqu"go"wo"ukuvgoc"fg"
cpânkug"g"crnkecèçq0"
Cq"nqpiq"fcu"egtec"fg"uguugpvc"g"ekpeq"râikpcu"fc"vgtegktc"rctvg"fc"fkuugtvcèçq."cnêo"fg"
tgwpktoqu"eqpegkvqu"oqvkxcekqpcku"fg"icog"fgukip"fg"fkxgtuqu"cwvqtgu"tgncekqpcfqu"äu"
âtgcu" fc" rukeqnqikc." nwfqnqikc" g." rtkpekrcnogpvg." fq" icog" fgukip." rguswkucoqu."
tgwpkoqu"g"ukpvgvk|coqu"guugu"eqpegkvqu"go"wo"ukuvgoc"fg"cpânkug"g"crnkecèçq"rctc"ugt"
wvknk|cfq" pc" swctvc" rctvg" fc" fkuugtvcèçq0" Eqpukfgtcoqu." pguug" ecuq." swg" hqoqu" cvê" wo"
rqweq"cnêo"fq"rtqrquvq."cq"encuukhkectoqu"guugu"eqpegkvqu"go"hwpèçq"fqu"eqorqpgpvgu"
hqtocvkxqu" fcu" cvkxkfcfgu" fg" lqiq." guvtwvwtcpfq/qu" eqphqtog" fghkpkèùgu" fg" cwvqtgu"
eqpucitcfqu"fq"ecorq"fc"nwfqnqikc"g"fq"icog"fgukip0"
Ugiwpfq" qdlgvkxq" gurgeîhkeq<" Vgpfq" eqoq" tghgtípekc" q" ecorq" fg" rguswkuc" fq" fgukip"
rctc"c"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg."kpxguvkict"eqoq"guugu"eqpegkvqu"oqvkxcekqpcku"fg"icog"fgukip"
rqfgo"ugt"ghgvkxcogpvg"kpvgitcfqu"go"ugtxkèqu"swg"rtqoqxco"c"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0"
Guvg" ugiwpfq" qdlgvkxq" hqk" gurgekhkecogpvg" vtcdcnjcfq" pc" swctvc" rctvg" fc" fkuugtvcèçq."
tghgtgpvg"ä"crnkecèçq"fqu"eqpegkvqu"rguswkucfqu"go"rtqlgvqu"swg"rtqoqxgo"ugtxkèqu"fg"
tgfwèçq" fq" korcevq" codkgpvcn" g" kpqxcèçq" uqekcn" rctc" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0" Dwuecoqu"
crnkect." oguoq" swg" uqd" c" hqtoc" fg" gzgteîekqu" *rqtêo." fg" ceqtfq" eqo" q" qdlgvkxq"
rtqrquvq+."qu"eqpegkvqu"rguswkucfqu"g"ukpvgvk|cfqu"cq"nqpiq"fg"vqfc"c"vgtegktc"rctvg"fc"
fkuugtvcèçq0"Kpvgpekqpcoqu"fgoqpuvtct"ugw"rqvgpekcn"fg"crnkecèçq."cnêo"fg"cpcnkuct"ugwu"
rquuîxgku"ghgkvqu"uqdtg"cu"lqtpcfcu"fg"ugtxkèq"oqfkhkecfcu0"
Vgtegktq"qdlgvkxq"eqorngogpvct<"Wvknk|ct"q"ukuvgoc"fgugpxqnxkfq"rctc"c"tgcnk|cèçq"fg"
fqku" gzgteîekqu" fg" rtqlgvq" go" ugtxkèqu" swg" rtqoqxco" rtâvkecu" qtkgpvcfcu" ä"
uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0"Fc"tgcnk|cèçq"fqu"gzgteîekqu."tguwnvctâ"woc"uêtkg"fg"tgeqogpfcèùgu"
fg" rtqlgvq" eqo" c" kpvgpèçq" fg" cornkct" c" cfguçq." c" rctvkekrcèçq" g" q" gpiclcogpvq" fqu"
wuwâtkqu"pguvgu"ugtxkèqu0"
Cuuko"eqoq"pqu"fqku"qdlgvkxqu"cpvgtkqtgu."rqfgoqu"eqpukfgtct"guvg"eqoq"eqpenwîfq"rqt"
eqpvc"fc"ghgvkxc"crnkecèçq"fq"ukuvgoc"gncdqtcfq"pc"vgtegktc"rctvg"fc"fkuugtvcèçq"go"fqku"
gzgteîekqu" fg" rtqlgvq" crtgugpvcfqu" pc" rctvg" swcvtq0" Fguuc" cpânkug." hqtowncoqu" cu"
388"
tgeqogpfcèùgu" fg" rtqlgvq" ogpekqpcfcu."cnêo" fg" xkuwcnk|ct"eqoq"cu" lqtpcfcu"hkectkco"
crôu" uwc" crnkecèçq0" Rwfgoqu" ckpfc." cvtcxêu" fguuc" crnkecèçq" g" fq" cwzînkq" fcu" fwcu"
hgttcogpvcu"fg"fgukip"fg"ugtxkèqu"wvknk|cfcu."cpcnkuct"g"xkuwcnk|ct"qpfg"g"eqoq"ecfc"wo"
fqu"eqpegkvqu"oqvkxcekqpcku"hqk"gortgicfq0"
Qdlgvkxq"igtcn"fc"rguswkuc<"Gzcokpct"q"rqvgpekcn"fg"wuq"fg"eqpegkvqu"oqvkxcekqpcku"fg"
icog" fgukip" eqoq" hgttcogpvcu" swg" rtqoqxco" q" cwogpvq" fc" rctvkekrcèçq" g" fq"
gpiclcogpvq"go"ugtxkèqu"rctc"c"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0"
Cvtcxêu" fc" wpkçq" fg" vqfqu" qu" qdlgvkxqu" gurgeîhkequ" cpvgtkqtgu." rqfgoqu" vcodêo"
eqpukfgtct" q" qdlgvkxq" igtcn" eqoq" eqpenwîfq0" Cq" nqpiq" fg" vqfc" c" fkuugtvcèçq."
kpxguvkicoqu" *rguswkucpfq." ugrctcpfq." encuukhkecpfq." ukpvgvk|cpfq" g" crnkecpfq+" eqoq"
guugu" eqpegkvqu" rqfgtkco" ugt" qticpk|cfqu" g" crnkecfqu" gurgekhkecogpvg" go" hwpèçq" fq"
cwogpvq" fq" rqvgpekcn" rctvkekrcvkxq" pqu" ugtxkèqu" fktgekqpcfqu" ä" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg0"
Rctvkoqu" fc" rguswkuc" fg" jkrôvgugu." eqo" cu" swcku" rqfgtîcoqu" eqpvtkdwkt" pq" ecorq" fg"
fgukip" rctc" c" uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg." rcuucpfq" rgnc" rtqrqukèçq" g" rguswkuc" fc" wvknk|cèçq" fqu"
eqpegkvqu" oqvkxcekqpcku" fg" icog" fgukip" eqoq" hgttcogpvc" rctc" vtcdcnjct" c" jkrôvgug"
gueqnjkfc."cvê"c"crnkecèçq"fqu"eqpegkvqu"uqd"c"hqtoc"fg"gzgteîekqu"fg"tgeqogpfcèùgu"fg"
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fgukip."eqpvtkdwîoqu"pc"cdgtvwtc"fg"wo"pqxq"ecokpjq"rctc"crnkecèçq"fguugu"eqpegkvqu"
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fcu"rguuqcu"go"cèùgu"swg"xkugo"ä"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfgA"
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itcfwcpfqu0"Rwfg"crtgpfgt"c"og"eqorqtvct"g"c"cikt"eqoq"wo"rguswkucfqt."eqpuvtwkpfq"
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swg" qu" eqpegkvqu" rguswkucfqu" hwpekqpco" rqtswg." cpvgu" fg" ugtgo" eqpegkvqu" fg" icog"
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swg" dqc" rctvg" fguugu" eqpegkvqu" lâ" xgo" ugpfq" gortgicfc" fg" hqtoc" ugognjcpvg;7." eqo"
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Ö"rtgekuq."rqtvcpvq."tgeqpjgegt"eqoq"nkokvcèçq"fguvc"rguswkuc"q"hcvq"fg"pçq"eqnqectoqu"
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fg"ugwu"tguwnvcfqu0"
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oguvtcfq."c"swcn"etgkq"ugt."go"guuípekc."fg"crtgpfk|cfq"g"gxqnwèçq"fg"kfgkcu"g"oêvqfqu."
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rguswkuc."cpânkug"g"uîpvgug"fg"eqpegkvqu"fg"icog"fgukip0"
Rqt" swguvùgu" fg" vgorq" fkurqpîxgn" rctc" c" tgcnk|cèçq" fguvc" rguswkuc" g" fc"eqorngzkfcfg"
swg"gpxqnxgtkc"c"crnkecèçq"fqu"eqpegkvqu."chgtkèçq"g"eqorctcèçq"fqu"tguwnvcfqu."go"wo"
rtqlgvq" go" qrgtcèçq." pçq" rwfgoqu." rqtvcpvq." eqnqect" go" rtâvkec" kpvgitcnogpvg" qu"
eqpegkvqu"fgugpxqnxkfqu0"
7050"Rtôzkoqu"rcuuqu"
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fg"hwpfq"ocku"rtâvkeq0"Q"rtkogktq"vtcvctkc"fg"wo"rtqeguuq"fg"tghkpcogpvq"fqu"eqpegkvqu"
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go" uwdeqorqpgpvgu" eqo" ectcevgtîuvkecu" ocku" gurgekhkecogpvg" fgnkokvcfcu0" Guugu"
uwdeqorqpgpvgu" rqfgtkco" vgt" fguetkvcu" fg" hqtoc" ocku" rtgekuc" uwcu" ectcevgtîuvkecu."
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cvwcn."ocku"uwdlgvkxc"g"kpvgtrtgvcvkxc0""
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xkiqt"fguucu"crnkecèùgu0"Go"uîpvgug."crnkect"guugu"eqpegkvqu"g"oqpkvqtct"guuc"crnkecèçq."
ogfkpfq" q" swg" tgcnogpvg" ceqpvgeg" pguug" rtqeguuq." eqorctcpfq" qu" tguwnvcfqu" c" hcugu"
cpvgtkqtgu"c"guuc"crnkecèçq."cpcnkucpfq"g"crtgpfgpfq"eqo"guugu"tguwnvcfqu0"
38;"
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fkuugtvcèçq." ugpfq" c" rguswkuc" fg" rtqlgvqu" hcxqtâxgku" c" guug" vkrq" fg" oqfkhkecèùgu."
rqtvcpvq."xcnkquc"rctc"q"rtqitguuq"fq"vtcdcnjq"fg"rguswkuc"cswk"hqtowncfq0"Q"ugiwpfq"
ecokpjq"vtcvctkc"fc"cpânkug"gurgeîhkec"fqu"tguwnvcfqu"fc"crnkecèçq"fqu"eqpegkvqu"c"ewtvq."
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g" fg" ugw" gpxqnxkogpvq" eqo" qu" rtqlgvqu." rqku" rctvkoqu" fq" rtguuwrquvq" fg" swg" qu"
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fq" vgorq." fc" swcpvkfcfg" fg" pqxqu" rctvkekrcpvgu" swg" guugu" rtqlgvqu" citgictkco0" Lâ" q"
vgtegktq" g" ûnvkoq" ecokpjq" vtcvctkc" fc" cpânkug" rctvkewnctogpvg" fktgekqpcfc" cq" guvwfq" g"
eqortggpuçq" fcu" tgcèùgu" kpvgtpcu" fqu" wuwâtkqu" cq" wvknk|ctgo" guugu" rtqlgvqu"
oqfkhkecfqu0"Go"vgtoqu"ocku"gurgeîhkequ."vtcvct/ug/kc"fg"ug"rtqrqt"oêvqfqu"ecrc|gu"fg"
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Rgpucpfq" pc" eqpvkpwkfcfg" fc" rguswkuc" crtgugpvcfc" go" woc" vtclgvôtkc" fg" fqwvqtcfq."
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crnkecèçq."lâ"ogpekqpcfq"cpvgtkqtogpvg."swg"rqfgtkc"ugt"tgcnk|cfq"cvtcxêu"fc"dwuec"fg"
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fguetkèçq" ocku" gurgeîhkec" fg" uwcu" ectcevgtîuvkecu." ghgkvqu" g" nkokvcèùgu0" Q" ugiwpfq"
ecokpjq"rqfgtkc"ug"fct"pc"*vcodêo"lâ"ogpekqpcfc+"crnkecèçq"ghgvkxc"fqu"eqpegkvqu"go"
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tguwnvcfqu."vcpvq"go"vgtoqu"fq"cwogpvq"fc"rctvkekrcèçq"g"fq"pûogtq"fg"pqxqu"wuwâtkqu"
citgicfqu"cq"rtqlgvq"swcpvq"fqu"ghgkvqu"fguuc"crnkecèçq"fktgvcogpvg"uqdtg"qu"wuwâtkqu"
fqu"ugtxkèqu0"Fguug"oqfq."vgtîcoqu"fcfqu"g"tguwnvcfqu"fg"rtqlgvqu"ghgvkxcogpvg"go"wuq"
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uwc" tgukfípekc" eqo" q" eqortqxcpvg" fc" kpuetkèçq+." swg" uqtvgkc" rtíokqu" go" fkpjgktq."
tgeqnjkfqu"gzcvcogpvg"fcu"ownvcu"fg"vtãpukvq"cttgecfcfcu"rgnqu"oqvqtkuvcu"swg"etw|ctco"
qu"tcfctgu"cekoc"fc"xgnqekfcfg"rgtokvkfc0"Qu"tcfctgu"wvknk|co"c"ogvqfqnqikc"eqpjgekfc"
eqo" Hwp" Vjgqt{." swg" dwuec" oqvkxct" fldqpu" eqorqtvcogpvqu‚" cvtcxêu" fg" eqpegkvqu"
nûfkequ0"Pguug"ecuq."qu"eqpegkvqu"uçq"crnkecfqu"cvtcxêu"fc"wvknk|cèçq"fg"vgncu"fg"xîfgq"
swg" fgoqpuvtco" c" xgnqekfcfg" eqo" swg" ecfc" oqvqtkuvc" etw|c" q" rqpvq" gurgeîhkeq" g"
cvtcxêu"fc"gzkdkèçq"fg"wo"ukpcn"fg"rqukvkxq"eqo"cu"oçqu"rctc"qu"swg"etw|ctgo"fgpvtq"fq"
nkokvg"gurgekhkecfq"*g"fg"pgicvkxq"go"ecuq"eqpvtâtkq+0"Fguuc"hqtoc."qu"oqvqtkuvcu"hkeco"
kpuvkicfqu"c"flcegtvctgo‚"c"xgnqekfcfg"egtvc"fg"etw|cogpvq"g"oqvkxcfqu"c"hc|gt"kuuq"rgnc"
rquukdknkfcfg"fg"ugtgo"xkuvqu"fcpfq"wo"dqo"gzgornq"g"fg"ckpfc"eqpeqttgtgo"c"rtíokqu"
uqtvgcfqu" fg" oqfq" ugognjcpvg" c" woc" nqvgtkc0" Vqfqu" guugu" eqpegkvqu" go" eqplwpvq"
cecdco" kpegpvkxcpfq" qu" oqvqtkuvcu" c" cfqvctgo" wo" eqorqtvcogpvq" ocku" ecwvgnquq" pq"
vtãpukvq0"
39;"
Jay-Z Decoded"/"
jvvr<11cfxgtvkukpi0oketquqhv0eqo1dtcukn1TgugctejNkdtct{1TgugctejNkdtct{0curzAr
cigkf?47:8(CfxaEcugUvwf{KF?53:2"
Fgeqfgf"ê"q"pqog"fc"ecorcpjc"fg"ncpècogpvq"fq"nkxtq"fq"ctvkuvc"cogtkecpq"eqpjgekfq"
eqoq" flLc{/\‚0" C" ecorcpjc" hqk" hkpcpekcfc" rgnc" Oketquqhv." swg" vkpjc" eqoq" qdlgvkxqu"
rtqoqxgt" woc" ockqt" eqpgzçq" fc" gortguc" eqo" q" rûdnkeq" lqxgo" g" korwnukqpct" c"
wvknk|cèçq"fc"uwc"hgttcogpvc"fg"dwuec."q"flDkpi‚0"Fgeqfgf"eqodkpqw"xâtkcu"oîfkcu"rctc"
tgcnk|ct"q"ncpècogpvq"fq"nkxtq."fkuvtkdwkpfq"fcu"ocku"kpwukvcfcu"ocpgktcu"cu"542"râikpcu"
fc" qdtc" go" vtg|g" ekfcfgu97" fq" owpfq." crnkecpfq/cu" pq" ogkq" wtdcpq" go" egpâtkqu."
codkgpvgu" g" rtqfwvqu" go" ektewncèçq0" Woc" fcu" râikpcu" fq" nkxtq" hqk" kortguuc." rqt"
gzgornq."pq"hwpfq"fg"woc"rkuekpc="qwvtcu"fgncu"go"eckzcu"fg"rk||c."go"wo"ecttq."go"
rckpêku"rwdnkekvâtkqu."go"woc"rgèc"fg"tqwrc"ä"xgpfc"go"woc"nqlc."gpvtg"fkxgtucu"qwvtcu"
cdqtfcigpu0" C" ecorcpjc" kpegpvkxcxc" cu" rguuqcu" c" rtqewtctgo" cu" râikpcu" gurcnjcfcu"
rgncu"ekfcfgu0"Swcpfq"gpeqpvtcfcu."cu"rguuqcu"swg"hk|gtco"q"flcejcfq‚"fgxgtkco"eqnqect"
ugwu"fcfqu"pq"dwuecfqt"Dkpi"rctc"tgikuvtâ/ncu"g"eqpeqttgtgo"c"kpitguuqu"rctc"ujqyu"fq"
ctvkuvc"go"swcnswgt"fcvc"g"ekfcfg"ä"fkurqukèçq0"
"
C" ecorcpjc" vgxg" tguwnvcfqu" cnvcogpvg" gzkvququ." korwnukqpcpfq" pçq" uô" cu" xgpfcu" fq"
nkxtq"*swg"hkiwtqw"pc"nkuvc"fqu"ocku"xgpfkfqu"fq"Pgy"[qtm"Vkogu+"eqoq"rtqrkekcpfq"cq"
dwuecfqt"wo"cwogpvq"owpfkcn"fg"33.9'"go"xkukvcèùgu"*fwtcpvg"c"ecorcpjc+."cnêo"fg"
eqpswkuvct"q"eqdkècfq"rtíokq"IR"fg"Qwvfqqt"fg"Ecppgu"Nkqpu"fg"42330"
"
;9
"Fktgvcogpvg"tgncekqpcfcu"ä"vtclgvôtkc"rguuqcn"fq"ctvkuvc0"
3:2"
Okpv"⁄"yyy0okpv0eqo"
Okpv"ê"wo"crnkecvkxq"swg"citgic"cu"cvkxkfcfgu"geqpõokecu"fg"ugwu"wuwâtkqu"g"qu"cwzknkc"
c" rncpglctgo" ugwu" icuvqu" g" c" guvcdgngegtgo" g" rgtugiwktgo" ogvcu" hkpcpegktcu0" Q"
crnkecvkxq" rqfg" ugt" wvknk|cfq" vcpvq"go" fkurqukvkxqu" oôxgku"*vgnghqpgu" g" vcdngvu+" swcpvq"
cvtcxêu" fq" rtôrtkq" ukvg0" Cq" wvknk|ct" q" crnkecvkxq" wo" wuwâtkq" rqfg" kpvgitct" qu" fcfqu" fg"
vqfcu" cu" uwcu" eqpvcu" dcpeâtkcu." vtcpucèùgu" hkpcpegktcu" g" eqpvcu" c" rcict" go" wo" ûpkeq"
codkgpvg0" Q" crnkecvkxq" vcodêo" ocpvgo" qu" wuwâtkqu" cvwcnk|cfqu" *cvtcxêu" fq" gpxkq" fg"
ogpucigpu+" c" tgurgkvq" fcu" vtcpucèùgu" eqttgpvgu" g" vcodêo" qu" cngtvc" uqdtg" vtcpucèùgu"
uwurgkvcu0" Okpv" eqpvc" ckpfc" eqo" crnkecvkxqu" itâhkequ" swg" fgoqpuvtco" qu" icuvqu" fqu"
wuwâtkqu."qpfg"g"eqoq"guvgu"guvçq" qeqttgpfq0" Q" crnkecvkxq"ckpfc" cpcnkuc" qu" icuvqu" fqu"
wuwâtkqu"g"rtqrùg"cèùgu"rctc"geqpqok|ct"qw"kpxguvkt"fkpjgktq0""
"
Q" crnkecvkxq." swg" wvknk|c" eqpegkvqu" qtkwpfqu" fqu" lqiqu" fgdcvkfqu" pguuc" fkuugtvcèçq" vcku"
eqoq" qu" fg" hggfdcem" *itâhkequ" kphqtocvkxqu." dcttcu" fg" rtqitguuq" g" vcdgnc+." eqpvtqng"
*uqdtg"vqfcu"cu"uwcu"vtcpucèùgu"hkpcpegktcu"go"wo"ûpkeq"codkgpvg+"g"qdlgvkxq"*cq"clwfct"
q"wuwâtkq"c"vtcèct"g"rgtugiwkt"ogvcu+"lâ"ê"wvknk|cfq"rqt"ocku"fg"ugvg"oknjùgu"fg"wuwâtkqu."
uqogpvg"pqu"GWC"g"Ecpcfâ."g"ê"wo"uweguuq"fg"etîvkec0"
"
3:3"
Youtube"⁄"yyy0{qwvwdg0eqo"
Q" [qwvwdg." nîfgt" ocku" fq" swg" kuqncfq" eqoq" ukvg" rctc" jqurgfcigo" g" xkuwcnk|cèçq" fg"
xîfgqu" qpnkpg." vcodêo" wvknk|c" cniwpu" eqpegkvqu" fg" icog" fgukip" rctc" rtqoqxgt" woc"
rctvkekrcèçq" ocku" gpiclcfc" fg" ugwu" wuwâtkqu0" Rtkogktcogpvg." q" [qwvwdg" ug" wvknk|c" fq"
eqpegkvq"fg"rqpvqu<"ecfc"xkuwcnk|cèçq"fg"wo"xîfgq"go"rctvkewnct"eqpvc"eqoq"wo"rqpvq"
rctc"q"wuwâtkq"swg"q"rquvqw."g"q"vqvcn"fg"rqpvqu"*qw"xkuwcnk|cèùgu+"rqfg"ugt"hceknogpvg"
kfgpvkhkeâxgn"nqiq"cdckzq"fq"xîfgq0"Fguuc"ocpgktc."vgo/ug"woc"târkfc"g"enctc"pqèçq"fc"
rqrwnctkfcfg" fq" xîfgq" *rqfgpfq" ugt" eqorctcfc" c" fg" qwvtqu" xîfgqu1wuwâtkqu+" g" ug" uwc"
cwfkípekc" vgo" cwogpvcfq" qw" pçq0" Q" eqpegkvq" fg" hggfdcem" ê" enctcogpvg" crnkecfq" pq"
ukuvgoc" fg" eqogpvâtkqu." tgeqogpfcèùgu" g" crtqxcèùgu1tgrtqxcèùgu0" Fguuc" hqtoc." q"
wuwâtkq" rqfg" eqortggpfgt" ognjqt" rqt" swg" wo" fgvgtokpcfq" xîfgq" ê" rqrwnct." swcn" c"
qrkpkçq" fcu" rguuqcu" c" ugw" tgurgkvq" g" swcpvcu" fgncu" iquvctco" qw" pçq0" Qu" eqpegkvqu" fg"
eqorctvknjcogpvq." eqowpkfcfg" g" tkxcnkfcfg" uçq" qwvtqu" eqpegkvqu" oqvkxcekqpcku"
wvknk|cfqu" rgnq" [qwvwdg0" C" rctvkt" fg" ugw" wuq." qu" wuwâtkqu" rqfgo" gpxkct" tgurquvcu" c"
xîfgqu" swg" xkuwcnk|ctco." kpenwukxg" tggfkvcpfq" q" xîfgq" qtkikpcn" *fg" hqtoc" c" igtct"
eqncdqtcèçq"qw"eqorgvkèçq"eqo"wo"fgvgtokpcfq"wuwâtkq+"eqoq"tgurquvc0"
"
Q"[qwvwdg"wvknk|c"ckpfc"qwvtqu"eqpegkvqu"ecrc|gu"fg"rtqoqxgt"woc"ockqt"rctvkekrcèçq"
fg"ugwu"wuwâtkqu"⁄"owkvqu"fgngu"fktgvcogpvg"fgtkxcfqu"fg"eqpegkvqu"wvknk|cfqu"pqu"lqiqu"
⁄" eqoq" q" fg" rgtuqpcnk|cèçq" *fc" râikpc" fg" wuwâtkq+." rcicogpvq" *tgeqorgpuc+" rgnqu"
xîfgqu"swg"cnecpèctgo"egtvc"eqvc"fg"xkuwcnk|cèçq."eqogpvâtkq"pc"rtôrtkc"nkpjc"fg"vgorq"
fq"xîfgq"*hggfdcem+."gpvtg"qwvtqu0"
3:4"
Investigate Your MP’s Expenses"/"jvvr<11oru/gzrgpugu0iwctfkcp0eq0wm1"
Go"46"fg"lwpjq"fg"422;."xkpvg"okn"dtkvãpkequ"wpktco"hqtècu"pc"kpvgtpgv"rctc"kpxguvkict"
wo"fqu"ockqtgu"gueãpfcnqu"fc"jkuvôtkc"fg"ugw"rctncogpvq"⁄"g"swg"qecukqpqw"c"tgpûpekc"
fg"xâtkqu"fg"ugwu"ogodtqu"g"kpurktqw"tghqtocu"rqnîvkecu0"Q"gueãpfcnq"vtcvcxc/ug"fq"wuq"
kttgiwnct" fg" xgtdcu" rctncogpvctgu" rctc" fgurgucu" rguuqcku0" Eqo" c" rtguuçq" igtcfc." q"
iqxgtpq" fkurqpkdknk|qw" pc" kpvgtpgv" vqfc" c" fqewogpvcèçq" fg" fgurgucu" fg" ugwu"
rctncogpvctgu" fqu" ûnvkoqu" swcvtq" cpqu0" Cu" egpvgpcu" fg" oknjctgu" fg" ctswkxqu." rqtêo."
hqtco"ucnxqu"eqoq"kocigpu"⁄"q"swg"fkhkewnvcxc"eqpukfgtcxgnogpvg"q"vtcdcnjq"fg"dwuec0"
Qu" gfkvqtgu" fq" lqtpcn" Vjg" Iwctfkcp" eqpuvcvctco" c" fkhkewnfcfg" pc" crwtcèçq" fguugu"
oknjctgu" fg" fqewogpvqu" g" fgekfktco" korngogpvct" wo" ogecpkuoq" swg" rgtokvkuug" c"
eqncdqtcèçq"oûvwc"gpvtg"rguuqcu"swg"swkuguugo"eqpvtkdwkt"eqo"c"dwuec"fg"kpfîekqu"fg"
htcwfg0"Q"lqtpcn"eqpvtcvqw"woc"gortguc"swg"etkqw"wo"ukuvgoc"swg"rgtokvkw"swg"flrguuqcu"
eqowpu‚"kpxguvkicuugo"qu"fqewogpvqu<"q"Kpxguvkicvg"[qwt"OR‚u"Gzrgpugu0"Cu"rguuqcu"
rqfgtkco" eqncdqtct" cpcnkucpfq" qu" fqewogpvqu" g" kpfkecpfq" swcku" eqpvkpjco"
kphqtocèùgu"rcuuîxgku"fg"kpxguvkicèçq0"Q"ukuvgoc"fg"dwuec"g"cpânkug"fqu"fqewogpvqu"gtc"
dcugcfq"go"eqpegkvqu"oqvkxcekqpcku"qtkwpfqu"fqu"lqiqu."qpfg"qu"wuwâtkqu"vkpjco"woc"
enctc"pqèçq"fg"ugw"rtqrôukvq."rqfgtkco"xgt"q"tguwnvcfq"fg"ugw"guhqtèq"kogfkcvcogpvg"g"
rqfgtkco"xgt"q"rtqitguuq"fc"cpânkug"fguugu"fqewogpvqu0"Cnêo"fkuuq."vqfc"c"kpvgthceg"fq"
ukuvgoc"gtc"eqphkiwtcfc"fg"hqtoc"c"ug"rctgegt"eqo"wo"lqiq0"
"
Q" ukuvgoc" qdvgxg" wo" uweguuq" ugo" rtgegfgpvgu." qpfg." pcu" rtkogktcu" :2" jqtcu" fg" wuq."
ocku"fg"xkpvg"okn"rguuqcu"cpcnkuctco"egtec"fg"3920222"fqewogpvqu0"Crtqzkocfcogpvg"
72'" fg" vqfqu" qu" xkukvcpvgu" fq" ukvg" fgekfktco" eqpvtkdwkt" pc" dwuec" fg" fqewogpvqu" *go"
eqorctcèçq."7'"fqu"xkukvcpvgu"fc"Ykmkrgfkc"uçq"eqncdqtcfqtgu+0"Pq"vqvcn."swcug"55"okn"
rguuqcu"rctvkekrctco"fq"rtqlgvq."cpcnkucpfq"cvê"jqlg"ogvcfg"fqu"672222"fqewogpvqu0"
3:5"
Cpgzq"4"/"Tgncvôtkq"fg"Rguswkuc"fg"Ctvkiqu"go"Rgtkôfkequ"g"Eqpitguuqu"
"
Eqowpkfcfg"fg"tghgtípekc<"Fgukip"rctc"c"Uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"
Tgxkuvcu"*Rguswkucfq"gpvtg"39"g"3:"fg"octèq"fg"42330"Pqxcogpvg"rguswkucfq"go"32"fg"
hgxgtgktq"fg"4234+0"
Vjg"Lqwtpcn"qh"Uwuvckpcdng"Rtqfwev"Fgukip"*Gfkèùgu"gpvtg"4223"g"4226+"
Rcncxtc/ejcxg<"flIcogu‚<"8"tguwnvcfqu."pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
flUwuvckpcdng"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdng"-"icogu‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcokhkecvkqp‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcog"ogejcpkeu‚<"3"tguwnvcfq"ugo"tgngxãpekc0"
"
Lqwtpcn"qh"Kpfwuvtkcn"Geqnqi{"*Gfkèùgu"gpvtg"4227"g"4233+"
Rcncxtc/ejcxg<"flIcogu‚<"4"tguwnvcfqu."pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
flUwuvckpcdng"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdng"-"icogu‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcokhkecvkqp‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcog"ogejcpkeu‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
"
Lqwtpcn"qh"Engcpgt"Rtqfwevkqp"*Gfkèùgu"fg"4233"c"4234+"
Rcncxtcu/ejcxg<"flIcogu‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdng"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcokhkecvkqp‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcog"ogejcpkeu‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
"
Lqwtpcn"qh"Uwuvckpcdng"Fgxgnqrogpv"*Rguswkuc"ukorngu."go"vqfcu"cu"gfkèùgu+"
Rcncxtcu/ejcxg<"flIcogu‚<"5"tguwnvcfqu."pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
"
"
flUwuvckpcdng"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdknkv{"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcokhkecvkqp‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcog"ogejcpkeu‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
"
Eqogpvâtkqu"igtcku<"Pgpjwo"ctvkiq"fktgvcogpvg"tgncekqpcfq"cq"vgoc"hqk"gpeqpvtcfq0"
"
"
3:6"
Eqowpkfcfg"fg"tghgtípekc<"Fgukip"
Tgxkuvcu" *Rguswkucfq" go" 39" fg" octèq" fg" 42330" Pqxcogpvg" rguswkucfq" go" 32" fg"
hgxgtgktq"fg"4234+0"
Lqwtpcn"qh"Fgukip"Tgugctej"
Rcncxtcu/ejcxg<"flUwuvckpcdng"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdknkv{"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcokhkecvkqp‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcog"ogejcpkeu‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
Rguswkuc"ocpwcn"fcu"gfkèùgu"fg"42330"
"
Fgukip"Uvwfkgu"
Rcncxtcu/ejcxg<"flUwuvckpcdng"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdknkv{"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdknkv{‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdng‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcokhkecvkqp‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcog"ogejcpkeu‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
"
EqFgukip"
Rcncxtcu/ejcxg<"flUwuvckpcdng"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdknkv{"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdknkv{‚<"5"tguwnvcfqu."pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
flUwuvckpcdng‚<"6"tguwnvcfqu"*5"kfípvkequ"cq"cpvgtkqt+."pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
flIcokhkecvkqp‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcog"ogejcpkeu‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
"
Fgukip"Kuuwgu"
Rcncxtcu/ejcxg<"flUwuvckpcdng"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdknkv{"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdknkv{‚<"7"tguwnvcfqu."pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
flUwuvckpcdng‚<":"tguwnvcfqu"*7"kfípvkequ"cq"cpvgtkqt+."pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
flIcokhkecvkqp‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcog"ogejcpkeu‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
"
"
Guvwfqu"go"fgukip<"Rguswkuc"ocpwcn0"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq"tgngxcpvg0"
3:7"
"
Eqogpvâtkqu" igtcku<" Cu" rguswkucu" vkxgtco" eqoq" dcug" qu" ûnvkoqu" ekpeq" cpqu" fg"
rwdnkecèùgu." c" pçq" ugt" swg" tgncvcfq" q" eqpvtâtkq0" Pgpjwo" ctvkiq" fktgvcogpvg"
tgncekqpcfq"cq"vgoc"hqk"gpeqpvtcfq0"
"
Eqpitguuqu"*Rguswkucfq"go"3:"fg"octèq"fg"4233+"
;√"Eqpitguuq"dtcukngktq"fg"rguswkuc"g"fgugpxqnxkogpvq"go"fgukip"*ûpkec"gf0"
Gpeqpvtcfc"qpnkpg+"
Dwuec"ocpwcn"rqt"fluwuvgpvcdknkfcfg‚."fluwuvgpvâxgn‚."fllqiqu‚."flicog"
fgukip‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq"tgngxcpvg0"
"
"
3√"Ugokpâtkq"fg"Fgukip"("Uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"
Dwuec"ocpwcn"rqt"fluwuvgpvcdknkfcfg‚."fluwuvgpvâxgn‚."fllqiqu‚."flicog"
fgukip‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq"tgngxcpvg0"
"
"
Ejcpikpi"vjg"Ejcpig"
Dwuec"ocpwcn"rqt"flicogu‚."flicog"fgukip‚."fluwuvckpcdng"icog‚"g"
"
fluwuvckpcdknkv{"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq"tgngxcpvg0"
"
"
Vjg"Egpvtg"hqt"Uwuvckpcdng"Fgukip"
Dwuec"ocpwcn"rqt"flicogu‚."flicog"fgukip‚."fluwuvckpcdng"icog‚"g"
fluwuvckpcdknkv{"icog‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq"tgngxcpvg0"
"
Eqogpvâtkqu"igtcku<"Cu"rguswkucu"vkxgtco"eqoq"dcug"cvê"cu"vtíu"ûnvkocu"eqphgtípekcu."
swcpfq" rquuîxgn0" Pgpjwo" ctvkiq" tgngxcpvg" hqk" gpeqpvtcfq." q" swg" tghqtèc" q" hcvqt"
pqxkfcfg"fq"vgoc"fg"rguswkuc0"
"
Eqowpkfcfg"fg"tghgtípekc<"Icog"Fgukip."Nwfqnqikc"
Tgxkuvcu"*Rguswkucfq"go"3:"g"44"fg"octèq"fg"42330"Pqxcogpvg"rguswkucfq"go"32"fg"
hgxgtgktq"fg"4234+0"
Icog"Uvwfkgu<"Vjg"Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"Lqwtpcn"qh"Eqorwvgt"Icog"Tgugctej"
*cpqu"rguswkucfqu<"4223/4233+"
Rcncxtcu/ejcxg<"flUwuvckpcdng‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdknkv{‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcokhkecvkqp‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcog"ogejcpkeu‚<"5:"tguwnvcfqu0"4"ctvkiqu"tgngxcpvgu0"
Okiwgn"Ukecv0"422:0"Fghkpkpi"Icog"Ogejcpkeu0"
jvvr<11icoguvwfkgu0qti12:241ctvkengu1ukectv"
Dgp"Ogfngt0"42330"Rnc{gt"Fquukgtu<"Cpcn{|kpi"Icogrnc{"Fcvc"cu"
c"Tgyctf0"jvvr<11icoguvwfkgu0qti133231ctvkengu1ogfngt"
3:8"
flTgyctf"u{uvgou‚<":"tguwnvcfqu0"4"ctvkiqu"tgngxcpvgu0"
Okmcgn"Lcmqduuqp0"42330"Vjg"Cejkgxgogpv"Ocejkpg<"
Wpfgtuvcpfkpi"Zdqz"582"Cejkgxgogpvu"kp"Icokpi"Rtcevkegu0"
jvvr<11icoguvwfkgu0qti133231ctvkengu1lcmqduuqp"
Qdu<"C"gfkèçq"fg"hgxgtgktq"fg"4233"vtcvc"lwuvcogpvg"fqu"ejcocfqu"
flIcog"Tgyctf"U{uvgou‚0"Fguvc"gfkèçq"go"rctvkewnct"ugngekqpgk"5"ctvkiqu0"
Ejtkuvqrjgt"Oqqtg0"42330"Jcvu"qh"Chhgev<"C"Uvwf{"qh"Chhgev."
Cejkgxgogpvu"cpf"Jcvu"kp"Vgco"Hqtvtguu"40"
jvvr<11icoguvwfkgu0qti133231ctvkengu1oqqtg"
Lcuqp"Dgi{0"42330"Cejkgxgogpvu."Oqvkxcvkqpu"cpf"Tgyctfu"kp"
Hcwpcurjgtg0"jvvr<11icoguvwfkgu0qti133231ctvkengu1dgi{aeqpucnxq"
Cnkuqp"Ic||ctf0"42330"Wpnqemkpi"vjg"Icogyqtnf<"Vjg"Tgyctfu"
qh"Urceg"cpf"Vkog"kp"Xkfgqicogu0"
jvvr<11icoguvwfkgu0qti133231ctvkengu1ic||ctfacnkuqp"
"
Icogu"cpf"Ewnvwtg<"C"Lqwtpcn"qh"Kpvgtcevkxg"Ogfkc"
Rcncxtcu/ejcxg<"flUwuvckpcdng‚<"32"tguwnvcfqu."pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
flUwuvckpcdknkv{‚<"4"tguwnvcfqu."pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
flIcokhkecvkqp‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcog"ogejcpkeu‚<"46"tguwnvcfqu."pgpjwo"ctvkiq"tgngxcpvg0"
flTgyctf"u{uvgou‚<"7"tguwnvcfqu."pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
"
Nqcfkpi”"
Rcncxtcu/ejcxg<"flUwuvckpcdng‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flUwuvckpcdknkv{‚<"3"tguwnvcfq."pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
flIcokhkecvkqp‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0"
flIcog"ogejcpkeu‚<"36"tguwnvcfqu0"Wo"ctvkiq"tgngxcpvg0"
Ngppctv"Pcemg"cpf"Etcki"C0"Nkpfng{0"422;0"Chhgevkxg"Nwfqnqi{."
Hnqy"cpf"Koogtukqp"kp"c"Hktuv/Rgtuqp"Ujqqvgt<"Ogcuwtgogpv"qh"
Rnc{gt"Gzrgtkgpeg0"
jvvr<11lqwtpcnu0uhw0ec1nqcfkpi1kpfgz0rjr1nqcfkpi1ctvkeng1xkgy19419
3"
"
flTgyctf"u{uvgou‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0""
"
"
3:9"
UCIG"Ukowncvkqp"cpf"Icokpi"
Rcncxtcu/ejcxg<"flUwuvckpcdng‚<"52"tguwnvcfqu."pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
flUwuvckpcdknkv{‚<"3;"tguwnvcfqu."pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
flIcokhkecvkqp‚<"3"tguwnvcfq0"Pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
flIcog"ogejcpkeu‚<":"tguwnvcfqu0"Pgpjwo"tgngxcpvg0"
flTgyctf"u{uvgou‚<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq0""
"
Eqogpvâtkqu"igtcku<"Q"Rqtvcn"Ecrgu"fâ"ceguuq"crgpcu"äu"fwcu"rtkogktcu"rwdnkecèùgu"fc"
nkuvc0"Cu"rguswkucu"vkxgtco"eqoq"dcug"qu"ûnvkoqu"ekpeq"cpqu"fg"rwdnkecèùgu."c"pçq"ugt"
swg" gurgekhkecfq" q" eqpvtâtkq0" Ugvg" ctvkiqu" tgngxcpvgu." rqtêo" pçq" tgncekqpcfqu"
fktgvcogpvg"cq"vgoc"fguvc"rguswkuc"hqtco"gpeqpvtcfqu"g"ucnxqu"rctc"ngkvwtc0"C"rgswgpc"
swcpvkfcfg" fg" ctvkiqu" gpeqpvtcfqu" kpfkec" pqxkfcfg" pq" vgoc." tguucnvcfq" rgnc" tgegpvg"
gfkèçq" fc" tgxkuvc" Icog" Uvwfkgu" *fg" hgxgtgktq" fg" 4233+." uqdtg" qu" ejcocfqu" Icog"
Tgyctf" U{uvgou0" Pçq" gpeqpvtcoqu" pgpjwo" ctvkiq" swg" vtcvg" gurgekhkecogpvg" fc"
wvknk|cèçq" fg" eqpegkvqu" oqvkxcekqpcku" qtkwpfqu" fqu" lqiqu" go" rtqlgvqu" fktgvcogpvg"
nkicfqu"cqu"eqpegkvqu"fg"uwuvgpvcdknkfcfg"vtcdcnjcfqu"pguvc"rguswkuc0"
"
Eqpitguuqu"*Rguswkucfq"go"45"fg"octèq"fg"4233+"
:vj"g";vj"Kpvgtpcvkqpcn"Eqphgtgpeg"qp"Gpvgtvckpogpv"Eqorwvkpi"*KEGE+"
;vj<"Dwuec"ocpwcn"rqt"fluwuvckpcdknkv{‚."fluwuvckpcdng‚."fltgyctf"u{uvgou‚."
flicokhkecvkqp‚."flicog"ogejcpkeu‚"qw"vgtoqu"ukoknctgu<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq"
tgngxcpvg0"
:vj<"Dwuec"ocpwcn"rqt"fluwuvckpcdknkv{‚."fluwuvckpcdng‚."fltgyctf"u{uvgou‚."
flicokhkecvkqp‚."flicog"ogejcpkeu‚"qw"vgtoqu"ukoknctgu<"4"rcnguvtcu"
tgngxcpvgu0"
Ejtkuvqrj"Mnkoov."Ejtkuvqrjgt"Dncmg."Fqtqvjgg"Jghpgt."Rgvgt"
Xqtfgtgt"cpf"Ejtkuvkcp"Tqvj0"422;0"Rcnguvtc<"Rnc{gt"Rgthqtocpeg."
Ucvkuhcevkqp."cpf"Xkfgq"Icog"Gplq{ogpv0"
Kxq"Hncoogt."Ejgp"[cp."Yqnh"Mc."Cwiwuv"Hncoogt."Lgcp/Rcwn"
Ejgwpi"cpf"Tqockp"Rgnngtkp0"422;0"Rcnguvtc<"Rnc{gt"hggfdcem"
gxcnwcvkqp<"kpfkecvkpi"ocuu"rwdnke"rqvgpvkcn"hqt"rgtxcukxg"icogu0"
"
"
"
UKIITCRJ"⁄"4232."422;."422:"
4232<"Dwuec"ocpwcn"pc"uguuçq"Icog"Rcrgtu"rqt"fluwuvckpcdknkv{‚."
fluwuvckpcdng‚."fltgyctf"u{uvgou‚."flicokhkecvkqp‚."flicog"ogejcpkeu‚"qw"
vgtoqu"ukoknctgu<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq"tgngxcpvg0"
422;<"Dwuec"ocpwcn"pc"uguuçq"Icog"Rcrgtu"rqt"fluwuvckpcdknkv{‚."
fluwuvckpcdng‚."fltgyctf"u{uvgou‚."flicokhkecvkqp‚."flicog"ogejcpkeu‚"qw"
vgtoqu"ukoknctgu<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq"tgngxcpvg0"
422:<"Crgpcu"ctvkiqu"eqdtkpfq"curgevqu"vêepkequ0"
3::"
FkITC"Eqphgtgpeg"⁄"422;."4229."4227"
422;<"Râikpc"hqt"c"fq"ct"go"4512514233"g"3312414234"
4229<"Dwuec"ocpwcn"rqt"fluwuvckpcdknkv{‚."fluwuvckpcdng‚."fltgyctf"u{uvgou‚."
flicokhkecvkqp‚."flicog"ogejcpkeu‚"qw"vgtoqu"ukoknctgu<"Pgpjwo"tguwnvcfq"
tgngxcpvg0"
4227<"Dwuec"ocpwcn"rqt"fluwuvckpcdknkv{‚."fluwuvckpcdng‚."fltgyctf"u{uvgou‚."
flicokhkecvkqp‚."flicog"ogejcpkeu‚"qw"vgtoqu"ukoknctgu<"4"tguwnvcfqu"
tgngxcpvgu"rgnq"vîvwnq"fqu"ctvkiqu."rqtêo"c"râikpc"pçq"qu"fkurqpkdknk|c0"
Ocjdqwdgj"Cuictk0"C"Vjtgg/hcevqt"Oqfgn"qh"Oqvkxcvkqp"cpf"
Icog"Fgukip0"Ugo"ceguuq"cq"ctvkiq0"
Octm"Ejgp."Dgvj"G0"Mqnmq."Gnk|cdgvj"Ewffkj{."Gnkcpc"Ogfkpc0"
Oqfgnkpi"cpf"Ogcuwtkpi"Gpicigogpv"kp"Eqorwvgt"Icogu0"Ugo"
ceguuq"cq"ctvkiq0"
"
Vjg"Icokhkecvkqp"Uwookv"4233"⁄"Gfkèùgu"fc"Lcpgktq"g"Ugvgodtq"
*jvvr<11icokhkecvkqp0eq1+"
Guvg"hqtco"qu"fqku"rtkogktqu"gxgpvq"fg"rqtvg"fgfkecfq"ä"ogvqfqnqikc"fq"
Icokhkecvkqp0"Qu"gxgpvqu"eqpukuvktco"go"eûrwncu"fg"rcnguvtcu"fg"
gurgekcnkuvcu"fc"âtgc."cdqtfcpfq"vgocu"eqoq<"q"swg"ê"Icokhkecvkqp="
ocpgktcu"fg"ogfkt"gpiclcogpvq="eqoq"qu"lqiqu"rqfgo"owfct"q"owpfq="
Icokhkecèçq"pq"dwuecfqt"flDkpi‚."fc"Oketquqhv="Icokhkecèçq"fq"nkxtq"
Fgeqfgf"gpvtg"qwvtqu0"Cuukuvk"c"vqfcu"cu"rcnguvtcu"go"xîfgq"fc"rtkogktc"
gfkèçq0"Cu"rcnguvtcu"fc"ugiwpfc"gfkèçq"ckpfc"pçq"guvçq"fkurqpîxgku"
itcvwkvcogpvg"go"xîfgq0"
"
Eqogpvâtkqu" Cu" rguswkucu" vkxgtco" eqoq" dcug" cvê" cu" vtíu" ûnvkocu" gfkèùgu" fg" ecfc"
eqphgtípekc."swcpfq"rquuîxgn0"Swcvtq"ctvkiqu"tgngxcpvgu"hqtco"gpeqpvtcfqu."ocu"cniwpu"
pçq" eqpugiwk" qdvgt" ceguuq" qpnkpg0" Q" cejcfq" ocku" tgngxcpvg" hqk" lwuvcogpvg" q"
Icokhkecvkqp" Uwookv." gxgpvq" fg" gzvtgoc" tgngxãpekc" rctc" okpjc" rguswkuc0" Cuukuvk" c"
vqfcu"cu"rcnguvtcu"go"xîfgq"fc"rtkogktc"gfkèçq0"
"
"
3:;"