WiMAX e LTE
Duas Tecnologias de 4a Geração
Jose Almeida
Motorola
CCTCI 28 de Maio de 2009
The Future of Telecomm
Novo Foco do Mercado
Pyramid Research
What is 4G?
Yankee group /2006
Main Wireless Broadband Opportunities,
according to Operators
Spectrum Efficiency
WiMAX
LTE
Efficiency Gain
WCDMA R99
CDMA1x
HSDPA
GPRS
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz/sector): Web Browsing Traffic, Fully-Loaded System
0.8
0.9
WiMAX & LTE
Two principal mobile broadband platforms for the next decade…
$ Billions
2007/8
80
WiMAX*
70
60
2011/12
WiMAX
LTE
UMTS / HSPA
LTE*
50
All IP Networking
40
OFDM Air Interface
30
GSM
Light Infrastructure Design
20
Advanced Antennas and SA Technology
10
CDMA
Supported in Many Spectrum Bands
(2G/3G/UMB)
0
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
* Includes fixed-nom adic and m obile
Maximum Speeds (sector)
Downlink
4x4
12
24
48
Mbps
LTE
Downlink
2x2
7.85
1.9
3.7 7.0
12.7
15.7
UMB
31.4
WiMAX
13.9
Downlink
1x1
2.25
1.25
Uplink
No MIMO/64QAM
HSPA
0.8
5
3.17
1.13
1.31.45
HSPA+
10
8.1 6.35
20
Carrier BW
(MHz)
12.7
2.26
Source: NAT, Rysavy Research,, CDG-QCOM
WiMAX e LTE tecnologias de 4G
• LTE e WiMAX compartilham o
mesmo conjunto de
tecnologias:
• Acesso de Rádio – Novas
Modulações, Codigos,
Correções de Erro, Estratégias
–
–
OFDM – Downlink, SCDMA – Uplink
HARQ, TurboCodes, etc
• Arquitetura Full-IP
–
–
Sem voz por circuito,
Todos serviços baseados em QoS
Novas tecnologias de Antenas
–
–
MIMO
Smart Antennas WiMAX
• WiMAX e LTE têm
performance muito similar.
Difereças de throughput
derivam de:
–
–
–
TDD vsus FDD
Larguras de Banda diferentes
MIMO
• Se ajustado pelo fatores
acima a performance de
ambas as tecnologias difere
em poucos pontos percentuais.
LTE Requirements vs. WiMAX today
Parameter
Units
LTE
WiMAX
DL Peak Rate
DL Edge User Throughput
Mbps
bps/Hz/sect.
100
3-4x HSDPA
80
1.5-2x HSDPA
DL Spectral Efficiency
bps/Hz/sect.
3-4x HSDPA
1.5-2x HSDPA
User Plane Latency
UL Peak Rate
msec
Mbps
< 5ms
50
< 20ms
16
UL Edge User Throughput
Mbps
2-3x HSUPA
~2x HSUPA
UL Spectral Efficiency
bps/Hz/sect.
2-3x HSUPA
~2x HSUPA
Control Plane Latency
msec
< 100ms
< 100ms
WiMAX capacity numbers are best case estimates
WiMAX capacity quoted for 28 symbols DL, 24 symbols UL
Economic Advantage
4G networks offer significant cost advantage over 3G technologies
when sufficient bandwidth demand for data and multi-media exists
Relative Total Cost of Ownership Comparison
14
Relative Total Cost of Ownership
DoRA
Higher population density = lower inflection point
12
10
8
HSxPA
6
4
Chicago
Sydney
Atlanta
Dubai
~4,800/km2
~2,100/km2
~1,500/km2
~410/km2
WiMAX
LTE
2
0
0.5
1
2
5
10
Data Usage per User per Month (GB)
Assumptions:
* Population density of 1,000 pop/km 2,15% subscriber penetration
* Per subscriber data usage (1 busy hour, 7 non-busy hours per day) based on 15k subscribers in 100 km^2
* Spectrum usage normalized across technologies; cell edge data rates DL 1 Mbps, UL 256 Kbps
* Backhaul costs assume operator uses lowest cost solution (owned wireless)
* Note: Data Usage/Sub/Month will vary with the population density of the city for a given subscriber penetration assumption
20
Wireless Broadband Drivers
Wireless Internet use follows Wired
Internet
by 3-5 years
Reasonable Use Profiles - 2011
Road Warrior
Urban Professional
Laptop + Mobile
75% of users watch online video*
YouTube = 27% of internet traffic
APPS
KB /
Hrs
/ Mo
D ay
/day
K bps
20
1
VoIP on Mobil e
30
0.1
65
87,750
4
0.5
500
450,000
Netmeeting w hen O ut of O fic e
Outlook (100 emails + 25 with atta c hments )
64
K B / Mo
VoIP/Conferenc e on Mobile
Outlook (100 emails + 25 with atta c hments but
only 5 attachments download)
Short clips - Perfect for mobile use
Laptop + Mobile
D ays
D ays
/ Mo
APPS
KB /
D ay
Hrs
/day
K bps
0.1
64
K B / Mo
576,000
VoIP on Mobil e
30
86,400
4
55000
220,000
Outlook (20 emails + 5 with attachments )
4
11000
44,000
30
16000
480,000
Outlook (20 emails + 5 with attachments )
30
11000
330,000
Liv e Mes s enger (ass umin g itreplaces SMS )
30
10.0
3
405,000
5
0.5
128
144,000
Communic ator
4
8
3
Lin k ed- In , profil e update, video s tream up and
dow n
2
1
128
Competitor sites, N ew s s ites , etc… ( Bur sty rt affic )
4
1
100
Home rec orded mov ie on hard drive s et top box /
Slin g / Computer
2
2
1000
Youtu be, News clip
10
Radio s treaming and home s tored music
10
0.5
256
1
128
5.1GB/month
Gbytes / Month
43,200
115,200
180,000
1,8 00,000
MySpac e/Fac ebook ,profile update, v id eo stream
up and dow n
General B row sing, Mus ic + News sites ,etc …
Home rec orded mov ie on hard drive s et top box /
Slin g / Computer
10
0.5
100
4
2.0
1000
0.3
256
345,600
1.0
128
864,000
576,000
Youtu be, News clip
10
576,000
Radio s treaming and home s tored music
15
6GB/month
5.1
Gbytes / Month
225,000
3,600,000
6.0
15min of daily YT = 1.2GB/month
College Student
Typical
Laptop + Mobile
Mobile only
APPS
D ays
/ Mo
KB /
D ay
Hrs
/day
K bps
0.2
64
APPS
VoIP on Mobil e
30
Outlook (10 emails + 5 with attachments )
30
10500
Outlook (10 emails + 5 with attachments )
30
10500
Liv e Mes s enger (ass umin g itreplaces SMS )
30
10.0
3
405,000
MySpac e/Fac ebook ,profile update, v id eo stream
up and dow n
10
0.3
128
172,800
General B row sing, Mus ic + News sites ,etc …
20
1.0
100
6
2.0
1000
5,400,000
11.1GB/month
Home rec orded mov ie on hard drive s et top box /
Slin g / Computer
Youtu be, News clip
20
Radio s treaming and home s tored music
20
D ays
/ Mo
K B / Mo
172,800
VoIP on Mobil e
KB /
D ay
30
Hrs
/day
K bps
0.5
64
K B / Mo
432,000
315,000
315,000
900,000
Outlook (5 emails + 3 with attachments)
General B row sing, Price c hec k + N ew s s ite s ,
etc…
256
1,152,000
Youtu be, News clip
128
2,304,000
Radio s treaming and home s tored music
11.1
6250
20
125,000
1.0
100
2.7GB/month
0.5
2.0
Gbytes / Month
20
20
4
900,000
0.5
256
1,152,000
0.5
128
115,200
Gbytes / Month
Source: ComScore Inc
2.7
Economic Advantage
4G provides economically favorable means
to deliver true, mobile broadband services
At price points meaningful for mass market adoption
Typical Mobile Network Dimensioning
Edge of Cell : 256kbps DL, 20kbps UL
$150
LTE & 16m
DOrA
HSPA
NPV (Millions)
$50
Urban
Suburban
10
1015
4625
POPs x1000
100
5000
5700
Subs x100 0
18
875
997
I nDoor Loss dB
21
15
9
100%
90%
90%
Area
WiMAX
$100
Dense Urban
km2
Coverage
$0
$0
($50)
($100)
$20
$40
$60
Price too
Low
Chicago
Price too
High
($150)
($200)
$80
Same traffic and price sensitivity curves for all models
Spectrum exhaustion leads to cell splitting
O Que Orienta a Escolha?
Para LTE
• Manutenção do modelo de negócio de telefonia móvel
• Acesso ao Espectro
Para WiMAX
• Time-to-Market
–
Atendimento a demanda por banda larga existente já
• Foco em Banda Larga – Mobilidade é um bonus
Uso do Espectro
Spectrum Availability for WiMAX and LTE
LTE spectrum focused on traditional
cellular bands
Appeal for many cellular operators
May require re-mining spectrum to allow build out
WiM
AX
2300 MHz
TDD
2500 MHz
TDD
3500 MHz
TDD
590 MHz
3700 MHz
TDD
800 MHz
FDD
850 MHz
FDD
900 MHz
FDD
LTE
1500 MHz
FDD
1700 MHz
FDD
650 MHz
1800 MHz
FDD
1900 MHz
FDD
2100 MHz
FDD
2500 MHz
FDD
WiMAX spectrum is new, underutilized,
and less costly
Offers access to new wireless players…
& existing operators looking for time to market
Both require significant spectrum
Both can be FDD or TDD
LTE 3GPP Spectrum View
Band
Uplink
(MHz)
Downlink
(MHz)
700 MHz
746 - 763
776 - 793
AWS
1710 - 1755
2110 - 2155
IMT Extension
2500 - 2570
2620 - 2690
GSM 900
880 - 915
925 - 960
UMTS Core
1920 - 1980
2110 - 2170
GSM 1800
1710 - 1785
1805 - 1880
PCS 1900
1850 - 1910
1930 - 1990
Cellular 850
824 - 849
869 - 894
Digital Dividend
470 - 854
Carrier
Bancwidth
(MHz)
1.25
5
10
15 20
1.25
5
10
15 20
1.25
5
10
15 20
1.25
5
10
15 20
1.25
5
10
15 20
1.25
5
10
15 20
1.25
5
10
15 20
1.25
5
10
15 20
1.25
5
10
15 20
3GPP New Spectrum
2.5 GHz - Potential for up to 20MHz
per operator
Digital Dividend- WRC-07 made
positive steps towards making
spectrum available for future LTE
deployments. .
2.6 GHz Spectrum
Auctions
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2H
Norway
Sweden
France
UK
Hong Kong
Austria
Germany
Italy
Portugal
Netherlands
Spain
Belgium
Finland
Completed
Planned
Future
2.6 GHz ITU Plan
Paired Spectrum
(FDD) 2 x 70 MHz
2500
MHz
2570
MHz
2620
MHz
Unpaired
Spectrum
(TDD) 50 MHz
2690
MHz
Not the only option…
Japan
Completed 2007
Incumbent
Operators purchase
TDD spectrum for
WiMAX
Unpaired
Spectrum
(TDD) 10 MHz
KDDI/Intel
Consortium
2500
MHz
2545
MHz
Wilcom
2575
MHz
Unpaired
Spectrum
(TDD) 30 MHz
2595
MHz
2625
MHz
Unpaired
Spectrum
(TDD) 30 MHz
2690
MHz
United States
Completed 2004
Sprint/Nextel and
Clearwire acquire
unpaired BRS
spectrum for
WiMAX
2500
MHz
2602
MHz
2614
MHz
Unpaired Spectrum
(TDD) 12 MHz
2624
MHz
2673.5 2690
MHz MHz
Unpaired Spectrum
(TDD) (3) 16.5 MHz Blocks
Total= 49.5 MHz
Taiwan 2.6 GHz Auction
Completed July 2007
• New Entrants
purchase unpaired
spectrum for WiMAX
• One Incumbent
unpaired paired
spectrum for WiMAX
Far EasTone
Telecommunications
Tatung
(Incumbent)
Vastar Cable
First International Global On
Telecom
2500
MHz
2565
MHz
2595
MHz
Tecom-VIBO
2625
MHz
Unpaired Spectrum
(TDD) 30 MHz per
Operator
2660
MHz
2690
MHz
New Zealand
Completed 2007
• Incumbents and new
entrants purchase
paired spectrum
• Incumbent and new
entrants purchase
unpaired spectrum
Paired Spectrum
(FDD) 2 x 40 MHz
Craig
Wireless
2500
MHz
2520
MHz
Vodafone
NZ
Telecom
NZ
2540
MHz
Craig
Wireless
2575
MHz
Unpaired
Spectrum
(TDD) 35 MHz
2620
MHz
Telecom
NZ
2640
MHz
Blue Reach
2660
MHz
2690
MHz
Unpaired
Spectrum
(TDD) 30 MHz
Scenario Analysis
Frequency Reuse
1x4x2
1x3x1
9000
6 00 0
8000
5 00 0
7000
y -dime nsion (me ter)
y-dime nsion ( me te r)
4 00 0
6000
5000
4000
3000
3 00 0
2 00 0
1 00 0
2000
0
1000
0
-1 00 0
-10 00
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
x- dime nsion (mete r)
7000
8000
9000
1x3x3
6 00 0
5 00 0
WiMAX
y-d im ens io n (m ete r)
4 00 0
3 00 0
2 00 0
1 00 0
0
-1 00 0
-1 000
0
1 00 0
20 00
3 00 0
x-d im en sion (m ete r)
40 00
5 00 0
60 00
LTE
0
10 00
2 00 0
30 00
x-dime ns ion (me ter)
4 00 0
50 00
6 00 0
4 Operator Scenario
Paired Spectrum
(FDD) 2 x 70 MHz
A
B
C
2500
MHz
D
A
2570
MHz
2620
MHz
B
C
D
2690
MHz
Unpaired
Spectrum
(TDD) 50 MHz
Number of
Operators
3
4
5
Spectrum per
Operator
23.3
17.5MHz
14
Spectrum per
Carrier
7.7MHz
(LTE
profile)
5.8MHz
(5MHz)
4.66MHz
(5MHz)(?)
Throughput per sector
Downlink
4x4
12
24
48
Mbps
LTE
Downlink
2x2
7.85
1.9
3.7 7.0
12.7
15.7
UMB
31.4
WiMAX
13.9
Downlink
1x1
2.25
1.25
Uplink
No MIMO/64QAM
HSPA
0.8
5
3.17
1.13
1.31.45
Máximo LTE
Brasil
HSPA+
10
8.1 6.35
20
Carrier BW
(MHz)
12.7
2.26
Máximo WiMAX
Máximo WiMAX
Máximo
Brasil WiMAX
Máximo
Brasil WiMAX
Source: NAT, Rysavy Research,, CDG-QCOM
Considerações sobre LTE
• Primeiros sistemas aparecerão nos EUA
–
–
–
Verizon 2011 700MHz
AT&T
700MHz / 1900MHz
Forte pressão por re-uso de bandas existentes
• Europa sinaliza sistemas LTE a partir de 2013 – Crise econômica é um
dos culpados (Barcelona 2009)
• Brasil – Possiveis implementações em 2013 / 2015
• Implementação de LTE será bastante disruptiva para operadoras
–
–
–
–
–
Nova Tecnologia de Rádio – Novas BTSs
Nova Tecnologia de Core – Todo IP
Dispositivos móveis complexos – GSM / HSPA / LTE
Complex mobile devices – GSM / HSPA / LTE
A Maior frequencia usada numa implementação móvel
Em Resumo
LTE
• Sistemas comerciais em:
• 1 a 3 anos no mundo (EUA inicialmente)
• 3 a 6 anos no Brasil – Capacidade de Investimento das operadoras
• Deverá estar disponível em várias bandas
• Reuso de espectro
• Novas Bandas
•Manutenção do modelo de negócios existente
WiMAX
• Foco em Banda Larga Fixa / Nomádica
• Atendimento da Demanda reprimida existente no mercado
já.
Conclusões
A discussão de uso de 2.5GHz é menos técnica /
regulatória que de política de comunicações
• Quando o investimento será feito?
• Quando será provido serviço à população ?
• Qual será o modelo de negócios?
• Quem serão os atores?
Obrigado