Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Coastal Zone Conference
Cleveland, OH
July 15-19, 2001
INTERINSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTEGRATED
COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN BRAZIL:
STUDY CASES IN THE STATE OF SANTA CATARINA (ARMAÇÃO
OF ITAPOCOROY BIGHT AND PORTO BELO WATERSHED)
AND IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO (ITACURUÇÁ ISLAND)
Marcus Polette, University of Vale do Itajaí/CTTMar
Leocádio Neves e Silva, University of Vale do Itajaí
Luiz Fernando Vianna, Federal University of Santa Catarina
Rolando Nunes Córdova, AMFRI
Keywords: Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Interinstitutional Arrangements, Brazil,
Watershed Basin, Islands, Mariculture, tourism
INTRODUCTION
The present paper presents the main relationships between stakeholders located in
Itacuruçá Island (State of Rio de Janeiro), Armação do Itapocoroy Bight (State of Santa
Catarina) and in the Porto Belo Watershed basin (State of Santa Catarina) in order to
better understand them (Figures 1, 2, and 3). The methodology proposed was an
interview with the main stakeholders of the three sites on Federal, State, Municipal and
community levels. In the Itacuruçá island 41 stakeholders were interviewed; in Armação
do Itapocoroy, 71 stakeholders were interviewed; and in the Porto Belo watershed basin,
70 stakeholders were interviewed. With the results obtained, a “stakeholders web” was
constructed in order to understand the relationships between them and help solve the
main problems in the areas. Comparing the results, it is indicated by the “stakeholder
web” that in the Itacuruçá Island, Armação do Itapocoroy and in the Porto Belo
watershed basin, attributions to solve local problems (land and sea use, water pollution,
deforestation of the Atlantic Rainforest and lack environmental education programs) have
flows concentrated specially towards the Federal, State and Municipal authorities linked
with the environmental protection agencies. It was also noticed that the furthest Federal
and State agencies are from the geographical area, the furthest they are from the local
reality. The local stakeholders, for example, are not well organized as to their own
responsibilities in the three study cases, the fluxes between them are disperse in the web.
THE METHODOLOGY PROCEDURES
Through the diverse phases of the integrated coastal zone management process, technical,
administrative, legal and institutional instruments are essential to the effectiveness and
duration of this program. However, institutional arrangements are vital for the efficacy of
a management process so that it can be accepted, incorporated and disseminated between
governmental and non-governmental stakeholders.
On all the different problems found, solutions should be shared and conducted according
to the degree of organization and participation, as well as to the most different interests
(economic, ecological, social, political, etc.).
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Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Coastal Zone Conference
Cleveland, OH
July 15-19, 2001
As Institutional arrangements can be defined as an assemblage of interrelationships of
entities, and legislative norms which have the purpose of organizing, elaborating, and
implementing plans or actions in order that all of its objectives are of public interests, the
stakeholders web is able to analyze these relations, specially in the beginning of the
ICZM processes.
For a well-succeeded integrated coastal zone management process; it is fundamental that
we have a perfect integration between the different power spheres, such as the Federal,
State, Municipal spheres, as well as the NGO’s and why not the private institutions.
In order to understand this process, the stakeholders’ web analysis is an useful instrument
to analyzing existing weakness and potentialities between the most different stakeholders
regardless of the analyzed coastal area being a watershed basin, an island, or coastal
waters (Table 1).
Table 1: Different sites where the stakeholder´s web were applied.
BRAZILIAN
STATES
SITE
TERRITORIAL
GEOGRAPHICAL UNIT
NUMBER OF
INSTITUTIONS
ISSUE
Rio de Janeiro
Santa Catarina
Santa Catarina
Itacuruça
Porto Belo
Armação do
Itapocoroy
Coastal Island
Watershed basin
Coastal waters
41
70
71
Tourism
Sanitation
Aquaculture
The stakeholders’ web is based in a perception process. On the questionnaires
stakeholders are asked as to which stakeholder (NGO´s leaders, Fishery leaders, Major of
a city, School Director, etc.), should play an important role on solving the existing
problems. At the stakeholder web it is also possible to note the nodal points, where it is
more important that a committee is conducted, and the lack of integration between
stakeholders, or the lack of participation of ICZM process.
Along this process the web tends to involve all the parties responsible, whereas leading to
understanding of the potentialities and weakness of inter, intra and supra institutional
integration processes. It is therefore possible to establish relations between them, by the
following horizontal and vertical relations:
Vertical relations: Federal, State, Municipal, Local, and Private sectors; and
Horizontal relations: Relations between Governmental Stakeholders; relations between
Governmental and Non-Governmental Stakeholders; and between Non-Governmental
Stakeholders.
According to the data obtained, it is possible to understand, through the relationships
between the stakeholders, who are the most important stakeholders in the search for
solutions to the problems, and their responsibilities, as well as which stakeholders are
important parties in the composition a local Committee; and specially to understand the
intra, inter and supra institutional arrangements.
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Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Coastal Zone Conference
Cleveland, OH
July 15-19, 2001
CONCLUSIONS
It can be observed at the present research that the Federal agencies are distant from the
reality at the three different study cases, regardless of the issue analyzed. The
relationships between non-governmental stakeholders are more susceptible to integration
in the three analyzed areas, specially due to the lack of intra-institutional commitment,
buy the fact that there is no multiplication process inside organizations them by their
leaders.
The introduction of a institutional qualification programs in all levels (Federal, State,
Municipal, NGO’ s and private sectors) in the areas studied, is urgent. The present
methodology is a technical instrument that is useful to understand institutional
arrangements in the integrated zone management process. It is also important as an
administrative tool when supported by legislation.
Capitania dos Portos
SPU
Capitania dos Portos
SPU
Universidade Castelo Branco
Universidade Castelo Branco
Igreja Senhora Sant’Ana
Igreja Senhora Sant’Ana
IBAMA
IBAMA
Colônia de Pescadores
Colônia de Pescadores
GERCO
GERCO
Iate Clube de Itacuruçá
Iate Clube de Itacuruçá
Fudação Cultural Mário
Peixoto
Fudação Cultural Mário
Peixoto
ONG Mundo da Lama
ONG Mundo da Lama
Associações de
Moradores
Associações de
Moradores
IBGE
IBGE
UFF
UFF
UFRRJ
UFRRJ
UFRJ
UFRJ
DRM
DRM
SEMA
SEMA
SERLA
SERLA
FEEMA
FEEMA
IEF
IEF
FIPERJ
FIPERJ
CEDAE
CEDAE
INEPAC
INEPAC
CERJ
CERJ
UERJ
Prefeitura Municipal
de Mangaratiba
Prefeitura Municipal
de Itaguaí
Prefeitura Municipal
de Itaguaí
Escola Estadual Caetano de
Oliveira (Municipalizada)
Escola Estadual Caetano de
Oliveira (Municipalizada)
Escola Estadual da Gamboa
(Municipalizada)
Escola Estadual da Gamboa
(Municipalizada)
Comunidades
SOS Sepetiba
Cia. Docas
Cia. Docas
Indústrias
Indústrias
MBR
MBR
Legenda:
Atores Governamentais Federais
Atores Governamentais Estaduais
UERJ
Prefeitura Municipal
de Mangaratiba
Comunidades
SOS Sepetiba
Atores Governamentais Municipais
Atores Não - Governamentais
Indicação Unilateral
Indicação Unilateral
Indicação Bilateral
Adaptado de Córdova (1998)
Figure 1- Stakeholders web at Itacuruçá Island – Mangaratiba Municipality - Rio de
Janeiro State. Source: Vianna (1998).
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Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Coastal Zone Conference
Cleveland, OH
July 15-19, 2001
U N IV E R S ID A D E D O V A L E D O ITA JA I - U N IV A LI
C U R S O D E E SP E C IA LIZA C A O E M V IG ILA N C IA S A N ITA R IA
S A N E A M E N TO A M B IE N TA L N A SU B -B A C IA D A SE D E D O M U N IC IP IO D E P O R TO B E LO A TR A V E S D O G E R E N C IA M E N TO C O STE IR O IN TE G R A D O
M A PA D O S A TO RE S
G O V ER N A M E N TA IS
PR EF EITUR A M U N IC IPA L
SEC RETA RIA N EG O C IO S JU R ID IC O S
SEC RETA RIA TUR ISM O
SEC RETA RIA FIN A N C A S
SEC RETA RIA SA U D E
SEC RETA RIA PE SC A E A G RIC ULTU R A
SEC RETA RIA A D M IN ISTRA C A O
G O V ER N A M EN TA IS
N A O G O VE RN AM EN TA IS
N A O G O VE RN AM EN TA IS
PR EF EITUR A M U N IC IPA L
A SSO C . C O M . E IN D .-A C IPB
A SSO C . C O M . E IN D .-A C IPB
SEC RETA RIA N EG O C IO S JU R ID IC O S
A SSO C IAC AO D E M AR IC U LTO RE S
A SSO C IAC AO D E M AR IC U LTO RE S
SEC RETA RIA TUR ISM O
C LUBE D E M A ES
C LUBE D E M A ES
SEC RETA RIA FIN A N C A S
C O LO N IA D E PES C A D O RE S
C O LO N IA D E PES C A D O RE S
SEC RETA RIA SA U D E
IA TE C LU BE D E PO RTO BE LO
IA TE C LU BE D E PO RTO BE LO
SEC RETA RIA PE SC A E A G RIC ULTU R A
IG RE JA C A TO LIC A
IG RE JA C A TO LIC A
SEC RETA RIA A D M IN ISTRA C A O
EM PR EE N D . ILH A D E PO R TO B ELO
EM PR EE N D . ILH A D E PO R TO B ELO
SEC RETA RIA ES PO RTES
LIO N S C LUB E D E PO R TO BE LO
LIO N S C LUBE D E PO RTO BELO
SEC RETA RIA O B RA S
SEC RETA RIA O B RA S
RO TA RY C LU BE D E PO R TO BE LO
RO TA RY C LU BE D E PO R TO BE LO
SEC RETA RIA ED UC A C A O
SEC RETA RIA ED UC A C A O
FU N D A C A O EM ILIAN O RE BE LO
FU N D A C A O EM ILIAN O RE BE LO
SEC RETA RIA ES PO RTES
C H EF IA D E G ABIN ETE
C H EF IA D E G ABIN ETE
A SSO C IAC AO D E B AIR RO
A PA E
A SSE SS O R IA D E IM PR EN S A
A SSE SS O R IA D E IM PR EN S A
A SSO C IAC AO D E E STU D A N TES
A M APB
C O N S ELH O M U N . SA UD E
C O N S ELH O M U N . SA UD E
A P O S TO LA D O D A O R A C AO
C O N S ELH O M U N . PLA N E J. E U RB A N .
A M APB
C O N S ELH O M U N . PLA N E J. E U RB A N .
FU N D ATLA N TIS
C O N S ELH O TU TELA R
C O N S ELH O TU TELA R
A G EN C IA S D E TU RISM O
C A M A R A V E RE A D O R ES (P R ESID E N TE)
C A M A R A V E RE A D O R ES (P R ESID E N TE)
H O TEIS
C A M A R A V E RE A D O R ES (A LE X)
C A M A R A V E RE A D O R ES (A LE X )
C A M A R A V E RE A D O R ES (A M A D E U )
C A M A R A V E RE A D O R ES (A M A D E U )
C A M A R A V E RE A D O R ES (R O S A N I)
C A M A R A V E RE A D O R ES (R O S A N I)
ILH A D E P O R TO B ELO
C A M A R A V E RE A D O R ES (D U C A)
C A M A R A V E RE A D O R ES (D U C A)
C O N S. M UN . B EM ES TAR SO C IAL
C A SA N
EPA G R I
C ELESC
EPA G R I
C ELESC
D E LE G A C IA D E P O LIC IA
ESC O LA ESTA D U AL
ESC O LA ESTA D U AL
IB A M A
SIN D IC A TO D O S P ES C A D O R ES
C A SA N
D E LE G A C IA D E P O LIC IA
FA TM A
A PA E
M A SS O N A R IA
FA TM A
IB A M A
SEC . PLA N E J. E U RB A N IS M O
SPU
UN IVA LI
M IN IS TER IO D O P LA N EJA M E N TO
ESTA D O
UN IA O
M IN IS TER IO D O M EIO A M BIEN TE
C ID A SC
M A RIN H A
SEC RET. ESTA D O D A SA UD E
SEC . D E ESTA D O TR AN SP. E O B R A S
C O N S ELH O M U N . D E TU RISM O
LE G EN D A - SE N TID O D A S IN D IC A C O E S
C O N S ELH O M U N . D E ED UC AC AO
SD M
E SQ U E R D A PA R A A D IR EITA
D E FESA C IV IL
D IR E ITA PA R A A E SQ U E R D A
TELE SC
SE N TID O D U PLO
D N ER
BA N C O D O BR A SIL
PO LIC IA A M B IE N TA L
A UTO R :
C A PITA N IA D O S PO RTO S
EN G . R O LA N D O N U N E S C O R D O V A
D A TA: D E ZEM B R O /97
UF SC
Figure 2: Stakeholder web at Porto Belo’s watershed basin – Porto Belo’s Municipality
(Santa Catarina’s State). Source: Cordova (1998).
Figure 3: Stakeholder web at Armação do Itapocoroy Bight – Penha Municipality
(Santa Catarina’s State). Source: Silva(2000).
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Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Coastal Zone Conference
Cleveland, OH
July 15-19, 2001
REFERENCES
CÓRDOVA R.N. Saneamento Ambiental: Planejamento para o Gerenciamento Costeiro
Integrado da microbacia de Porto Belo município de Porto Belo (SC) - Brasil. Itajaí,
1998. Monografia (Especialização em Vigilância Sanitária) - Curso de pós-graduação
POLETTE, M. Gerenciamento costeiro integrado: Proposta metodológica para a
paisagem litorânea da microbacia de Mariscal - município de Bombinhas (SC) - Brasil.
São Carlos, 1997. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia) Centro de ciências biológicas e da
saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos.
SILVA, L. N. Subsídios ao Ordenamento do Espaço Marinho da Enseada da Armação
do Itapocoroy (Penha, SC), a fim de Mitigar os Conflitos Gerados pela Maricultura.
Monografia apresentada como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau Oceanógrafo no curso
de Oceanografia do CTTMar/UNIVALI. Itajaí: 2000. 248 p.
VIANNA, L. F. Diagnóstico Sócio - Ambiental como Base para a Implementação do
Programa de Gestão Costeira Integrada da Ilha de Itacuruçá - Mangaratiba / Itaguaí,
RJ – Brasil. Florianópolis, 1998. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental)
Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Santa
Catarina.
Marcus Polette
University of Vale do Itajaí – CTTMar/Oceanography
Rua Uruguai 458 – Itajaí – Santa Catarina
88.302-202 – Brazil
E-mail: [email protected]
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