Gestión de la Limpieza
Urbana: Una inversión
para el futuro de las
ciudades
Contents
1. Introduction
2. The Study
3. Results
4. Final consideration
PwC
2
Execution
PwC
3
Introduction
1
PwC
4
Introduction
Solid waste management globally
What kind of
problems do we
have here?
PwC
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Introduction
Solid waste management globally
The current waste
generation in the
world is around 12
=
125.000 Estadio
Olímpico Atahualpa
full of waste
billion tons/year.
PwC
6
Introduction
Solid waste management globally
Managing solid
waste is one of
biggest challenges
of the urban areas
of all sizes, from
mega-cities to the
small towns and
large villages.
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Introduction
Solid waste management in Brazil
2.906 open dumps
12%
200.000.000
180.000.000
160.000.000
5,7
140.000.000
120.000.000
2010
100.000.000
80.000.000
90%
60.000.000
40.000.000
20.000.000
0
PwC
2011
If we imagine that the
Brazilian average
weight is 66.5 kg
(2005), it can be said
that every citizen
generates 5.7 times of
its own weight in
waste.
Total urban Brazilian
solid waste population
generation
in the year
(ton/year)
8
The Study
2
PwC
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The Study
Objetives
Present the public models of Urban Cleaning
Services:
•
Financial and social resources applied
•
Legal and institutional structures
•
Interaction between local government and
the services providers
Comparison of public management models in
relation to solid waste management in 15
selected cities.
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The Study
Selected cities
Brazilian cities:
PwC
International cities:
•
New York
•
São Paulo
•
Tokyo
•
Rio de Janeiro
•
Paris
•
Belo Horizonte
•
Londres
•
Brasília
•
Rome
•
Goiânia
•
Mexico City
•
Salvador
•
Buenos Aires
•
Barcelona
•
Lima
11
The Study
Disclaimer
•
The study was made in 2009 and updated
in 2011.
•
The cities selection was based on
combination of factors: characteristics of
large cities, highlights in solid waste
management
systems
and
data
availability and reliability.
•
Data
source:
Governamental
academic reports and websites.
•
Lack of similar national and international
studies on the sector.
PwC
and
12
The Study
Waste management responsibility
Waste type
Responsibility
Households
Commercial*
Public
Health services
Industrial*
Airports, ports, railway and road
terminals
Agriculture
Construction and demolition*
Municipality
Generator
Municipality
Generator
Generator
Generator
Generator
Generator
* The municipality is co-responsible for small amounts. The maximum amount will vary
according to the specific local legislation.
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The Study
Municipal solid waste estructure
Geographic and socioeconomic characterization
Management
Laws and
regulations
Municipal
budget
Municipal waste
services
Fee collection
type
Executing
agents of
waste services
Supervision
Perceptions of key stakeholders
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Results
3
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Results
Key information of the selected cities
City
Toky o
Mex ico City
Barcelona
Roma
Paris
New Y ork
London
Buenos Aires
Guay aquil
Quito
Lima
Brasília-DF
Salv ador
Rio de Janeiro
Goiânia
São Paulo
Belo Horizonte
PwC
Population
(hab)
Area (km 2)
Am ount of
solid waste
collected
(m illion
tons/y ear)
1 2,06
8,7 2
1 ,50
2,7 2
2,1 7
8,1 4
8,28
2,97
2,44
2,32
8,00
2,27
2,7 1
6,1 3
1 ,21
1 0,36
2,39
2.1 87
1 .47 9
91
1 .285
1 05
1 .21 4
1 .57 9
203
344
324
2.81 9
5.802
7 07
1 .1 82
7 39
1 .523
331
4.97 0
4.600
848
1 .829
1 .204
4.307
4.200
1 .469
1 .01 4
7 21
2.27 8
1 .37 9
687
2.802
447
3.641
838
Am ount of
solid waste
collected per
capita
(kg/hab/y ear)
41 2,1 1
527 ,52
565,33
67 2,43
554,84
529,1 2
507 ,25
494,64
41 5,1 2
31 0,21
284,7 0
607 ,58
253,58
457 ,06
369,37
351 ,44
350,58
Ex penditures
Ex penditures
with Solid Waste
with solid
m anagem ent
waste per
(m illions
capita
US$/y ear)
(US$/hab/y ear)
6.37 5,00
2.81 1 ,63
431 ,46
7 65,51
503,88
994,50
890,97
228,7 4
36,48
33,22
1 08,7 8
1 67 ,7 9
1 1 7 ,30
253,98
46,41
392,7 0
83,1 3
528,61
322,43
287 ,64
281 ,44
232,20
1 22,1 7
1 07 ,61
7 7 ,02
1 4,93
1 4,28
1 3,60
7 3,92
43,28
41 ,43
38,36
37 ,91
34,7 8
16
Results
Financial resources
Expenditures with solid waste per capita (US$/hab/year)
500
450
400
350
300
Tokyo extensively invests
in innovative systems.
Mexico City has high costs due to a swollen
structure to perform the services, with
approximately 4 times more employees
compared to São Paulo.
Barcelona has one of the best
Selective Collection Programme,
investing in innovative
techniques and equipments.
250
200
International average ;
182,2
150
100
Brazilian average; 44,9
50
0
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Results
Financial resources
Expenditures with solid waste per capita (US$/hab/year) and
amount of solid waste collected per capita (kg/hab/year)
600
600
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
0
0
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Expenditures with solid waste per capita (US$/hab/year)
Amount of solid waste collected per capita (kg/hab/year)
Results
Comparison between Brazilian cities
Brazilian cities
Municipal costs
Percentage municipal
budget to solid waste
management
Reported cost recovery
percentage collected via
fees
Municipal costs with
private waste
companies
Brasília - DF
3.598.058.250
4,7 %
1 9,8%
53,2%
Salvador
944.1 82.51 5
1 2,5%
20,7 %
84,8%
Rio de Janeiro
3.7 36.534.652
6,8%
1 1 0,0%
31 ,8%
Goiânia
603.1 7 7 .969
7 ,8%
0,0%
35,6%
São Paulo
7 .392.7 1 9.896
5,3%
0,0%
1 00,0%
Belo Horizonte
1 .390.51 6.1 1 1
6,0%
47 ,7 %
53,1 %
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Results
Fee on waste management
Brazilian and international cities
City
Tokyo
Mexico City
Barcelona
Roma
Paris
New York
London
Buenos Aires
Lima
Brasília-DF
Salvador
Rio de Janeiro
Goiânia
São Paulo
Belo Horizonte
PwC
Fee on waste
management
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
20
Results
Outsourcing
Brazilian and international cities
•
•
PwC
On the concession contracts,
most of the time, companies
are financially responsible
for infrastructure services,
such as installation and
expansion
of
landfills,
transfer stations, trucks.
Cities and experience with
good governance practices
deal with the segregation of
duties and responsibilities.
City
Tokyo
Mexico City
Barcelona
Roma
Paris
New York
London
Buenos Aires
Lima
Brasília-DF
Salvador
Rio de Janeiro
Goiânia
São Paulo
Belo Horizonte
High degree of
outsourcing
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
21
Final considerations
4
PwC
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Final considerations
Challenges of the Municipal Solid Waste
Management
• Local solutions to local problems
• Proper data collection and management systems
• Focus on waste reduction, reuse and building recycling
rates
• Financially sustainable
• User inclusivity: Consultation,
involvement of users
PwC
communication
and
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Muchas gracias!
Marta Braconi
PwC Brazil
[email protected]
Patrick Dykmans
PwC Ecuador
[email protected]
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