A Utilização da Lingüística de
Corpus na Investigação do Gênero
Contratos Bancários
Internacionais
Adriana M. Z. P. Rossini
Orientador: Prof. Dr. A P.Berber Sardinha
LAEL - PUC/SP
área de pesquisa: Linguagem e Trabalho
Objetivo:

Descrever, a partir dos padrões léxicogramaticais, alguns aspectos da
linguagem utilizada em contratos
bancários internacionais em Inglês.
Características do corpus:

Corpus especializado composto por 12 contratos
Bytes
494.683
Tokens
78.487
Types
3.176
Type/Token Ratio
4,05

Tipos de contratos:
-
PRE-EXPORT FINANCING AGREEMENT
LEASE AGREEMENT
IMPORT FINANCING AGREEMENT
GUARANTY
AGENCY AGREEMENT
AGREEMENT FOR USE AND NON-DISCLOSURE OF PROPRIETARY
INFORMATION
- US$-DENOMINATED WORKING CAPITAL LOAN WITH SWAP
- CREDIT AGREEMENT
Metodologia:
Uso do WordSmithTools:
1. Wordlist
2. Keywords
3. Index/ MI (colocados)
4. Etiquetagem (lael.pucsp.br/corpora/tagcounter)
5. Concord
KEYWORDS:
WORD
THE
OF
OR
AND
ANY
SHALL
BY
BE
SUCH
BORROWER
AGREEMENT
OTHER
THIS
ITS
ALL
AGENT
DATE
UNDER
BANK
LENDER
INTEREST
MAY
FREQ.
6.687
3.589
3.063
2.553
1.908
1.053
930
879
834
741
710
617
579
467
466
412
401
370
368
318
298
295
ETIQUETAGEM








Etiq.
NN
DT
IN
CC
JJ
NNS
VBN
VB
Freq.
14575
8983
8786
4701
4324
3491
1995
1764
(noun, common singular)
(determiner - this (579))
(preposition)
(conjunction, coordinating - and/ or)
(adjective)
(noun, common plural)
(verb, past participle)
(verb, base)
Participantes do contrato:
Borrower
(741)
Bank
(368)
Lender
Agent
(318)
(318)
Guarantor
(132)
Lessee
(128)
Lessor
(113)
Purchaser
(126)
Exporter
(109)
Shareholder
(99)
Modais:
 SHALL (1.053) <pay, be, constitute, construed, bear,
reimburse>
- obrigação e deveres
- posição de desvantagem
- The Company, Lessee, Borrower, Purchaser, Participant
- utilizado nas definições
Modais:
 MAY (295) <objection, bound, assign, disclose>
- poder ou direitos
- permissão ou solicitação
- The Administrative Agent, Bank, Lessor, Lender,
Controlling Shareholder
Modais:
 WILL (179) <provide, have, maintain>
- acordo entre as partes, atividade futura.
- Administrative Agent, Borrower, Lender, Bank
• "Complex Prepositional Phrases" - P-N-P (prepositionnoun-preposition)
"The use of complex prepositions rather than the simple ones are
preferred because the simple ones tend to promote ambiguity and lack
of clarity". (Bathia 1993:107)
for the purpose of
with/in respect to/ of
in accordance with
on account of
in the event of
on the part of
by means of
by way of
• Binomios - pares de palavras unidas
pelas conjunções and ou or.

And (2.553)

Or (3.063)
• ANY (1.908)
1) abrangência, precaução
(42) any and all + NN (obligations,
liabilities)
(209) any + OTHER + NN
deposit accounts issued or offered by any other Brazilian bank or
informed decision regarding any risks, liabilities or uncertainties
the Deposit Account. In the event that any installment of principal or
accounts issued or offered by, any Brazilian or United States office of
ANY (1.908)
2) utilizado na seção de Definições
"External Indebtedness" means any indebtedness for borrowed
money

Coligações:
ANY + NN (seqüência de subst.)
PREP + ANY (under, for, from, upon, against)
ANY + SUCH (129) + NN (refere-se a algo mencionado
anteriormente)

Colocações:
(84) or any other + NN
(79) any of the + NN
(55) at any time
• BE (879)
- Voz passiva (be + particípio passado do verbo)
- estilo impessoal
- não-envolvimento das partes
1) shall (332)/ may (134) + BE + p.p.vb (ex. deemed (22))
General. This Agreement shall be governed and construed under the laws
Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterpart
11.3. All payments hereunder to be computed on a per annum basis will be
Date"). 3.2. Amounts repaid may not be reborrowed and will reduce the amount
2) as the case may be (89) - final da frase.
he Note or the Advance, as the case may be. "Taxes" shall mean all present and f
the relevant Advance, as the case may be. The Borrower shall provide the Bank
• Sequência de substantivos e verbos
- responsável também pela alta freqüência de and e or;
- “pre-emption”
• Nominalização
• require the creation/imposition
• make the registration/ representation/ notation
• assure the protection and preservation
• include in the computation of
• gives written consent to termination
• enter into any reorganization
• to disclose the information
• make the payment
• the acceptance of
• the maintenance of
• the remittance of
• enforcing a judgement
• Referência Bibliográfica:





Berber, Sardinha. (1999). Usando o Wordsmith Tools
na investigação da linguagem. Direct papers # 40 Hunston, S. (2002). Corpora in Applied Linguistics.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sinclair (1991). Corpus, Concordance, Collocation.
Oxford University Press.
Stubbs, M. (2001). Words and Phrases - corpus
studies of lexical semantics.Oxford: Blackwell.
Swales (1990). Genre Analysis: English in academic
and professional settings. Cambridge University
Press.
• Binomes - AND
VB CC VB
Execute and deliver
Advise and consent
Perform and comply with
governed by and construed
authorizes and empowers
organized and existing
Indemnify and hold harmless
valid and binding
NN CC NN
outros
Representations and warranties
To and from
Act and omission
due and payable
loss and damage
from and against
Terms and conditions
by and between
withholding and deduction
Subject to and upon
power and authority
from and against
Free and clear
null and void
force and effect
on and in relation to
irrevocably and unconditionally
• Binomes - OR
VB CC VB
incurred by or asserted
interpret or construe
execute or enforce
relating to or arising out of
modified or amended
given or required
represents or undertakes
make or maintain
NN CC NN
deductions or withholdings
pursuant to or in connection with
action or proceeding
rights or remedies
OUTROS
at any time or from time to time
Out of or in connection with
Under or in relation to
With or without
in full or in part
by or on behalf of
all or substantially all
By or on behalf of
Whether or not
in whole or in part
hereunder or thereunder
for or on account of