52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Effect of crescent levels of functional oil and algae on broilers chicken diet1
Daiane Crespão2, Patricia Rossi3, Fabrício Tafarel Philippsen2, Jonas Mateus Dorneles2, Mariana de Andrade2,
Aline Cristina Zambiasi2, Camilla Fontana Agostinho2, Lilian Kelly Pereira4, Sabrina Endo Takahashi3, e Marta
Helena Dias da Silveira5
1
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso do primeiro(a) autor(a)
Graduando(a) em Zootecnia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil.
3
Professora, Dra, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil. Email: [email protected]
4
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brasil.
5
Professora, Dra, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Pato Branco, PR, Brasil.
2
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar níveis crescentes de óleos funcionais e alga (OFA) sobre o desempenho
de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 560 frangos de corte, machos, Cobb, de 1 a 42 dias de idade, distribuídos em
blocos ao acaso em 5 tratamentos de 8 repetições por tratamento. Os tratamentos constam de níveis crescentes de
óleos funcionais e alga adicionados on top na dieta basal (milho e soja), onde: T1: ração basal a base de milho e farelo
de soja, sem OFA (dieta controle); T2: controle + 0,5 kg/ton de OFA; T3: controle + 1 kg/ton de OFA; T4: controle
+ 1,5 kg/ton de OFA; T5: controle + 2 kg/ton de OFA. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão
alimentar, viabilidade e o custo benefício da suplementação de OFA na dieta de frangos de corte. No presente estudo,
não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o consumo de ração e viabilidade (P>0,05). Contudo, observou-se um efeito
quadrático na conversão alimentar e no ganho de peso quando suplementou-se níveis crescentes de OFA na dieta dos
frangos (P<0,05). A utilização de óleos funcionais e alga beneficia o desempenho de frangos de corte e é um produto
viável economicamente.
Palavras–chave: Anacardium occidentale, conversão alimentar, espirulina, ganho de peso, Ricinus communis
Abstract: The aim of this study was evaluated the effects of crescent levels of functional oils and algae (OFA) on
performance of broilers chicken. A total 560 broilers chicken, male, Cobb, d 1 throught d 42, were randomly assigned
in five treatments with eight replicates per treatment. The treatments consited of crescentes levels of OFA added on
top to basal diet (corn and soybean meal). The treatments were: T1 – basal diet formulated with corn and soybean
meal without OFA (control diet); T2: control diet plus 0,5 kg/ton OFA; T3: control diet plus 1 kg/ton OFA; T4:
control diet plus 1,5 kg/ton OFA; T5: control diet plus 2 kg/ton OFA. The body weight gain, feed consumption, feed
conversion, viability and cost benefit were evaluated. Feed consumption and viability were not significantly affected
by treatments (P>0,05). However, the use of OFA to broiler diets showed a quadratic effetc on feed conversion rate
and body weight gain (P<0,05). The performance of broilers chicken were positively effected by the use of functional
oil and algae and had a positive cost benefit.
Keywords: Anacardium occidentale, feed conversion rate, Spirulina sp., body weight gain, Ricinus communis
Introduction
Feed additives have been used in poultry industry for several decades. A number of additives including the
antibiotics objective the manipulation of gut function and microbial habitat recognized for improvement of growth
performance and feed coversion rate. However, the concern that antibiotic could cause residues to the end products
produced by animals and disease resistence to the antibiotics used in human. Than, banned the antibiotics as feed
additive and accelereted investigations on feed aditives alternatives in animal production. In addition, consumers are
demanding animal products free of residues and with minimal impact on the environment.
In search of alternatives to antibiotics there is a crescent interesting on bioactive proprieties of plant secundary
compounds and metabolities. As one of the alternatives, functional oils is used to improvement the growth
performance and to reduce patogenic bacterials. Functional oils differ from essential oils because did not use plant
oils or spices and have action beyond their energy value.
Recents studies showed that castor and ricinus oils in poultry diet increased the performance and related
antimicrobial and anti-inflamantory effects (Bess, 2012). In addition, López (2012) observed that castor oils on broiler
diet challend reduced the Escherichia coli presente on gut. Murakami (2011) observed that castor and ricinus oils add
to broilers diet boost performance, metabolizable energy and gut morphometry. Sobayo et al. (2012) observed that
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Página - 1 - de 3
52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
ricinus meals and oil did not effect negatively the performance, nutriente digestibility, and gut mophology of broilers
chiken.
Other ingredients may also contribute to an improvement in the health of animals and contributed to increase
the performance, among them we can mention the algae. Algae have antioxidant properties and stimulate the immune
system. In addition, use of algae can be utilized as an alternative ingredient to protein source because is rich in
aminoacids or in some occasion replacing calcium source and reducing the cost of the feed when is an alternative to
protein source.
Search for alternatives products to antibiotics is increasing overall by researchers and poultry industry are
demanding for alternatives. Based on this the aim of this study is evaluated the effect of crescent levels of functional
oils and algae on performance of broiler chicken and cost benefit.
Material e Methods
A total of 560 one-day-old male Cobb broiler chicken were obtained from a commercial hatchery (Pluma
Agroavícola, PR, Brazil). These birds were weighed at 1 day old and distributed in randomized block design into
litter-floor pens of identical size (1 m2). The dietary treatments consisted the inclusion of OFA on basal diets (0; 0,5;
1; 1,5, 2%) with 8 replicates of 14 birds each. The OFA is a commercial product (Natupremix Nutrição e Suplementos
Naturais LDTA, Cascavel, PR, Brazil) obtained from a mixture consisting of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L.)
and Cashew nut oil (Anacardium occidentale L.) and spirulin (Spirulina sp.). The feeding program consisted of a prestarter diet, which was fed until d 7, starter diet, which was fed from d 8 until 21, grower diet, which was fed from d
22 until 39, finisher diet, which was fed from d 40 until 42 and was based on maize, soybean meal, as show in Table
1. All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous, and were formulated to meet the requirements recommended by
Rostagno et al. (2011) for broilers chicken. Water and feed were available ad libitum, and all diets were fed as mash.
The light regiment was follows: d 1 to 7, 23L:1D; d 8 to 21, 20L:4D; d 22 to 28, 14L:10D; d 29 to 35, 18L:6D; d 36
to 42, 23L:1D. The temperature was gradually reduced from 32ºC at beginning of the study to approximately 25ºC at
the end of the experiment, according to standard management practice. All animal care procedures were approved by
the Animal Ethics Committee of Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, Brazil.
Results and Discussion
Feed consumption and viability was not affected by treatments (P>0,05). However body weight gain had
quadratic effect (y = -107,51x2 + 279,65x + 2481,6) when OFA was supplement to the diets (P<0,05). The feed
conversion rate had quadratic effect (y = 0,0504x2 – 0,1319x + 1,7496) for the birds supplement with crescent levels
of OFA (P<0,05). This results showed that dose of 1,3 kg/ton OFA had better response for body weight gaind and
feed conversion rate (P<0,05). The results obtained on this study is in agreement with others authors (Murakami et
al., 2011; Bess, 2012; Sobayo et al., 2012; Murakami et al., 2014) that observed the Anacardium occidentale, Ricinus
communis oils supplement to the broilers diet had a positive effect on performance parameters. These results showed
that functional oils benefit the animals improving metabolism and promoting health and boost growth performance.
The cost benefit evaluation showed that inclusion of OFA was profitable compared to control diet (without OFA).
This results showed that 0,5 kg/ton OFA had lower cost benefit compared to others treatments.
Table 1. Performance parameters and cost benefit to OFA supplementation to broilers chicken.
OFA
Control
diet
Variables
0,5 kg/ton 1,0 kg/ton
1,5 kg/ton
2 kg/ton
Valor
P
4421,03
4405,31
NS
a
a
Performance
Feed intake, g
1
Body weight gain , g
2
4330,8
4416,2
b
a
2457,2
2647,5
b
4420,1
a
2641,56
b
2622,46
ab
2631,26
ab
0,0003
Feed conversion rate , g:g
1,76
a
1,67
1,67
1,68
1,68
Viability, %
93,8
98,2
91,98
96,45
97,34
NS
3,28
3,35
3,35
3,35
3,33
-
0,0125
Cost benefit to OFA
Cost of feed intake per bird per day, R$
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Página - 2 - de 3
52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Cost of feed intake per weight gain, R$
1, 2
1,33
1,26
1,27
1,28
1,26
-
Quadratic effect (P<0,05); a-bValues in the same row with different superscript are significantly different (P<0,05); NS: P>0,05.
Conclusions
The supplementation of commercial product with functional oils and algae in broilers diet improvement
growth performance and it was profitable compared to non supplementation. The dose of 1,3 kg/ton had better
response for performance parameters.
References
Bess, F.; Favero, A.; Vieira, S. L.; Torrent, J. The effects of functional oils on broiler diets of varying energy levels.
Journal Applied Poultry Research, v. 21, p. 567–578, 2012.
Brenes, A., Roura, E. Essential oils in poultry nutrition: Main effects and modes of action. Animal Feed Science and
Technology, v. 158, p. 1-14, 2010.
López, C. A. A.; Lima, K.R.S.; Manno, M C.; Tavares, F.B.; Fernandes Neto, D.L.; Jesus, M.L.C.; Viana, M.A.O.;
Fonseca, L.A.B. Effects of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) on the performance of broiler chickens. Arquivos
Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v. 64, n.4, p.1027-1035, 2012.
Murakami, A. E., EYNG, C., TORRENT, J. Effects of Functional Oils on Coccidiosis and Apparent Metabolizable
Energy in Broiler Chickens. Asian Australasia Journal of Animal Science, v. 27, n. 7, p. 981-989, 2014.
Murakami, A. E., Eyng, C., Torrent, J. Effects of functional oils on performance, apparent metabolizable energy and
intestinal morphometry in broiler chickens. 2011. In: INTERNATIONAL POULTRY SCIENTIFIC FORUM.
Georgia World Congress Center - Atlanta, Georgia, 2011.
Rostagno, H.S.; Albino, L. F. T.; Donzele, J. L.; Gomes, P. C.; Oliveira, R. F.; Lopes, D. C.; Ferreira, A. S.; Barreto,
S. L. T.; Euclides, R. F. Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos: Composição de alimento e exigência nutricional. 2.
ed. Viçosa: UFV, Departamento de Zootecnia, 2011. 186p.
Sobayo, R. A.; Oso, A. O.; Adeyemi, O. A.; Fafiolu, A. O.; Jedege, A. V.; Idowu, O. M. O.; Dairo, O.U.; Iyerimah,
R. B.; Ayoola, O. A.; Awosanya, R. A. Changes in growth, digestibility and gut anatomy by broilers fed diets
containing ethanol-treated castor oil seed (Ricinus communis L.) meal. Revista Científica UDO Agrícola 12 (3): 660667. 2012.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Página - 3 - de 3