Linguagens, Códigos e suas
Tecnologias – Inglês
Ensino Médio, 3º Ano
Relative Pronouns
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
What is this?
Is it a thing, a
person or a place?
How can we define
this piece of
furniture?
Imagem: 1 9 2 5.svg / Swedish Transport Agency
(Transportstyrelsen) / Domínio Público
A bed is a thing which we sleep on.
Observing the sentence, which
relevant information is given about
the bed?
Which word introduces
this information?
A bed is a thing which we sleep on.
Imagem: 1 9 2 5.svg / Swedish Transport Agency
(Transportstyrelsen) / Domínio Público
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
A bed is a thing which we sleep on.
It is a Relative Pronoun
A Relative Pronoun relates to another noun
preceding it in the sentence. They connect
a dependent clause to an antecedent (i.e.,
a noun that precedes the pronoun.)
Therefore, relative pronouns acts as the
subject or object of the dependent clause.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
Consider the following sentence where the relative
pronoun is a subject:
The chef who won the competition studied in Paris.
In this sentence, WHO relates back to (or is
relative to) the noun CHEF. WHO also acts as
the subject of the dependent clause and the
verb WON. The independent clause is:
The chef studied in Paris.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
In this sentence, the relative pronoun is an object
in the dependent clause.
The shirt that Carl bought has a stain on the
pocket.
In this sentence, THAT relates back to (or is
relative to) the noun SHIRT. THAT is also the
object of the verb BOUGHT. The dependent
clause is: that Carl bought. The independent
clause is: The shirt has a stain on the pocket.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
Which relative pronoun should we
use?
Which relative pronoun to use is
determined by what the antecedent
is and whether the dependent
clause is essential information in
relation to the independent clause.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
The Relative Pronouns are:
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronoun
Who [or that]
Which [or that]
Whose
Where
Whom
Why do we use it?
Examples
To talk about people.
The woman who lives
next door is a doctor.
Who ate the cheese that
was in the fridge?
To talk about things
[That is used more
commonly than which].
The man whose house I
To talk about possession.
bought was at the party.
The housing estate where
I grew up has been
To talk about places.
demolished.
Whom is possible instead
 To whom did you
of who when it is the
write?
object of
 With whom did you
the verb in the relative
sing?
clause.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
Some particularities in the use of...
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
Which is used to refer to an animal or thing that
was already mentioned, joining two sentences in
order to make sense and can be replaced by that.
Examples:
I don’t like dogs which dig the garden. (animal 
dog)
I don’t like dogs that dig the garden. (replaced by
that)
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
Which cannot be omitted or replaced by that:
When it comes after a preposition:
This is a subject about which I know very little.
When the which-part only adds more
information about the main sentence, but it will
make sense without this part.
This old car, which I bought with all the money I
saved last year, was the best I could find at the
car agency.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
Whom is used to refer to people in the place of
the object (when it comes after a noun, name or
pronoun) and can be omitted or replaced by who.
If it comes before a verb, it refers to the
subject of the sentence and only who can be
used.
Examples:
That’s the man whom I called to help me
yesterday.
That’s the man (who) I called to help me
yesterday.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
That’s the man who called me to help him
yesterday. (refers to the subject of the
sentence, so who cannot be omitted or replaced
by whom.)
Whom cannot be replaced by who
When it comes after a preposition:
Sonia is a woman about whom I want to know
more.
When the other sentence makes sense without
the whom-part:
Karl, whom I think you know, sits behind me at
school.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
We use only the pronoun THAT:
When there are two antecedents (people and
animal or people and thing):
I know the singers and the songs that she
mentioned.
(person) (thing)
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
 After adjectives in the superlative, first and
last.
She is the sweetest woman that I have ever
met. (superlative)
The last time that I saw him was in May.
The first thing that you have to do is call the
police.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
After all, only, everything, none, some, any, no
and their compounds.
She ate something that we had never seen.
 When it is essential to the meaning.
The gold medal that should have gone to Marissa
went to a girl from the other gymnastics club.
REMEMBER: The pronouns can only be ommited
when functioning as object, not when exercising
the function of subject.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
CHOOSE A NUMBER
7
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
1. Mary is the girl
whose
____________________
parents are
famous doctors.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
2. I know a man
who
____________________
can fix
washing machines.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
which
3. The train ______________
goes to
Madrid leaves from platform 2.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
4. If you can’t find the hotel
where I stayed last weekend,
________
who
I can tell you _________
to ask.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
5. Charles is the guy about
whom
___________
I know two or three
bad things.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
6. Mary already has the tickets
which we asked her to buy.
Can which be omitted in this
sentence?
Yes
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
who
7. This is the man ______________
is
the most famous author ever –
William Shakespeare.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
where
8. Liberty Island, ___________
the
Statue of Liberty stands, is full of
tourists.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
9. The candidate will choose who
will act as campaign director.
Can who be omitted in this
sentence?
No
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
which
10. The radio ______________
I
bought doesn’t work very well.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
whose
11. Queen Victoria, ______________
husband was Albert, became
Empress of India.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
12. My friend Caroline,
who
_____________
is Scottish, tells
funny jokes.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
whom
13. Do you know ________________
this mobile phone belongs to?
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
14. The people who moved in next
door seem to be very friendly.
Can who be replaced by whom?
No
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
whose
15. Two guys, _____________
car
had broken down, asked me for a
lift.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
16. Did you get everything which
you wanted?
Can which be ommited in this
sentence?
Yes
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
whose
17. He is the guy ______________
brother was sacked for stealing.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
18. Is there a shop nearby
which
____________
sells stamps?
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
19. Nothing that she said
surprised me.
Is it possible to use Which
instead of that in this sentence?
No
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
20. There were two applicants,
whom
none of _______________
seemed
very competent.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
21. Katie did all the homework
that
___________
the teacher assigned.
Explanation: The clause “the teacher assigned”
is essential to the meaning so the pronoun should
be that.
Inglês, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio
Relative Pronouns
The image of the bed in this power point was
created using the forms.
The house which return to the menu was taken
from the office.com by inserting clipart.
 Some information was taken from:
-
http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/grammar/relative_pronouns/quiz932.html
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/bl_relative1.htm
http://esl.about.com/library/quiz/bl_relative1.htm
http://www.solinguainglesa.com.br/conteudo/pronomes8.php etc.
Tabela de Imagens
n° do
slide
2
3
direito da imagem como está ao lado da
foto
1 9 2 5.svg / Swedish Transport Agency
(Transportstyrelsen) / Domínio Público
1 9 2 5.svg / Swedish Transport Agency
(Transportstyrelsen) / Domínio Público
link do site onde se conseguiu a informação
Data do
Acesso
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1_9_2_5.s 28/08/2012
vg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1_9_2_5.s 28/08/2012
vg