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PT 8PHVFRUUHJDQRYR
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QDKRUDGRUHFUHLR(PSRXFRVVHJXQGRVXPDDYDODQFKDGHFULDQoDVFRPHoRXDVDLUGDVDXODVH
D GHVFHU SHODV HVFDGDV DWp DR SiWLR 2V SURIHVVRUHV DFRQVHOKDYDPQDV SDUD TXH VDtVVHP FRP
PDLVFDOPDPDVHUDLQ~WLODIRJDURVULVRVHREXOtFLRQHVVDKRUDGHPHUHFLGDSDXVD
2-RmRHRVVHXVDPLJRVMiVHHQFRQWUDYDPQRSiWLRDVDOWDUjFRUGDTXDQGRHOHTXHHUDPXLWR
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XPDILODDRSpGDHVFDGDGRHVFRUUHJD
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KDYLDGRLVPHQLQRVTXHDJXDUGDYDPDVXDYH]HTXHFRPHoDUDPDSURWHVWDU
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HVWDYD SUHSDUDGR SDUD GHVFHU SHOR HVFRUUHJD 2 -RmR UHFHEHX XPD JUDQGH UHSULPHQGD H ILFRX
FDVWLJDGRVHPSRGHUGHVFHUSHORHVFRUUHJDGXUDQWHWRGDHVVDVHPDQD2PHQLQRFRPSUHHQGHX
TXHGHYLDWHUHVSHUDGRSHODVXDYH]QDILODSRUTXHRHVFRUUHJDHUDGHWRGRV
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PXQGR'HSRLVVHQWRXVHHGHXXPERPLPSXOVR$GHVFLGDIRLPXLWRUiSLGDHR-RmRULDPXLWR
FRQWHQWH4XDQGRFKHJRXDRFKmRRPHQLQRIRLORJRDFRUUHUS{UVHQRYDPHQWHQDILODSRUTXH
TXHULDSDVVDURUHVWRGRUHFUHLRDGLYHUWLUVHQRHVFRUUHJD
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PT 8PDFDGHLUDPXLWRFRQIRUWiYHO
2 1LFR JRVWDYD WDQWR GH WRFDU SLDQR TXH TXDQGR DOJXpP OKH SHUJXQWDYD R TXH TXHULD VHU
TXDQGRIRVVHJUDQGHHOHUHVSRQGLDVHPKHVLWDUTXHURVHUXPJUDQGHSLDQLVWDHGDUFRQFHUWRV
QDVFLGDGHVPDLVLPSRUWDQWHVGRPXQGR
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SURIHVVRUDPRUDYDXPSRXFRDIDVWDGDGDFDVDGR1LFRHSRULVVRHOHWLQKDTXHVHGHVORFDUDWp
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DXWRFDUURV H ILFRX j HVSHUD TXH R VHX WUDQVSRUWH FKHJDVVH SDUDUHJUHVVDU D FDVD 2 DXWRFDUUR
YHLR ORJR D VHJXLU R 1LFR VXELX SDJRX R VHX ELOKHWH H VHQWRXVH QR ~QLFR OXJDU TXH HVWDYD
OLYUH´$LQGDEHPµ²SHQVRXR1LFRTXHVHVHQWLDXPSRXFRFDQVDGRQHVVDWDUGH
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GH Sp DSRLDQGRVH FRP DPEDV DV PmRV QXPD EHQJDOD GH PDGHLUD &RPR WRGRV RV OXJDUHV
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GDURVHXOXJDUDRYHOKLQKRPDVHVWDYDWmRFDQVDGRHHQFRQWUDYDVHWmRFRPRGDPHQWHVHQWDGR
TXHSHQVRX1mRID]PDO'H FHUWH]DTXHHVWHVHQKRUYDLGHVFHUMiDVHJXLUµ3RUWDQWRR1LFR
FRQWLQXRX VHQWDGR FRPR VH QmRRWLYHVVH YLVWR HQTXDQWR RSREUH YHOKLQKR DJDUUDYDVH FRPR
SRGLDSDUDQmRFDLU
3DVVDGRV DOJXQV PRPHQWRV R DXWRFDUUR IH] XPD WUDYDJHP PXLWR EUXVFD TXDQGR VH
DSUR[LPDYD GD SDUDJHP VHJXLQWH 2 YHOKLQKR SHUGHX R HTXLOtEULR H D VXD EHQJDOD YRRX SHORV
DUHV0DVTXHWUDPEROKmR2SREUHVHQKRUWLQKDVHPDJRDGRPXLWRHXPDVHQKRUDDMXGRXRD
OHYDQWDUVH
(QWmRR1LFRVHQWLXVHPXLWRHQYHUJRQKDGRFRQVLJRSUySULRSRUTXHSRGLDWHUGDGRRVHXOXJDU
DR YHOKLQKR $JRUD R VHQKRU WLQKD PXLWDV GRUHV H R 1LFR ILFRX WULVWH SHOR TXH SURPHWHX D VL
PHVPRQmRVHUWmRHJRtVWDHSHQVDUPDLVQRVRXWURVQDSUy[LPDYH]
-2DXWRFDUURPRYLDVHPXLWtVVLPRHR1LFRSHQVRXTXHRYHOKLQKRSRGLDSHUGHURHTXLOtEULRH
FDLU21LFRVDELDSHUIHLWDPHQWHTXHDVSHVVRDVLGRVDVGHYHPWHUXPWUDWDPHQWRHVSHFLDOHSRU
LVVRGHXOKHRVHXOXJDU
6HQKRUVHQWHVHDTXLSRUIDYRU
2YHOKLQKRODUJRXXPJUDQGHVRUULVRHR1LFRSHQVRXTXHVHSDUHFLDPXLWRDR3DL1DWDO
0XLWRREULJDGRUHVSRQGHXRVHQKRUpVXPUDSD]LQKRPXLWRDPiYHO
4XDQGRFKHJRXDFDVDHHQTXDQWRMDQWDYDPR1LFRFRQWRXDRVSDLVFRPROKHWLQKDFRUULGRR
GLD QD HVFROD H QD DXOD GH SLDQR 4XDQGR R 1LFR OKHV UHIHULX R TXH WLQKD DFRQWHFLGR FRP R
VHQKRULGRVRQRDXWRFDUURRVVHXVSDLVILFDUDPPXLWRFRQWHQWHVHIHVWHMDUDPDVXDERDDFomR
FRP XPD VREUHPHVD HVSHFLDO WDUWH GH FKRFRODWH 2 1LFR VHQWLXVH PXLWR RUJXOKRVR SHOR VHX
FRPSRUWDPHQWRGHVVDWDUGH
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PT $KRUDGDUHIHLomR
2 'LRJR JRVWDYD GH FRPHU QD HVFRODSRUTXH DVVLP ILFDYD PDLVWHPSR FRPRV VHXV DPLJRV 2
UHIHLWyULR GD HVFROD HUD HQRUPH PXLWR PDLRU GR TXH R GD VXD FDVD DOLiV QHP D VXD DPLJD
7HUHVDWLQKDXPDFR]LQKDWmRJUDQGHHROKHPTXHDFDVDGHODSDUHFLDXPSDOiFLR
­ KRUD GD UHIHLomR DV FULDQoDV VHQWDYDPVH QXPDV FRPSULGtVVLPDV PHVDV FREHUWDV FRP
GH]HQDVGHSUDWRVFRSRVWDOKHUHVHJXDUGDQDSRVSHUIHLWDPHQWHFRORFDGRV
2'LRJRPXGRXORJRGHXPDH[SUHVVmRGHDOHJUHSDUDGHGHVLOXVmRTXDQGRYLXRTXHHVWDYDP
DVHUYLUSHL[HFRPEDWDWDV´2KQmRµSHQVRXR'LRJR´QmRJRVWRPHVPRQDGDGHSHL[Hµ'H
WRGDV DV FRLVDV ERDV TXH SRGLDP FR]LQKDU WLQKDP TXH WHU SUHSDUDGR SUHFLVDPHQWH D FRPLGD
TXHPHQRVJRVWDYD2'LRJRILFRXDLQGDPDLVGHVJRVWRVRTXDQGROKHSXVHUDPjIUHQWHRDLQGD
TXHQWHHQXWULWLYRSUDWRGHSHL[HFRPEDWDWDV
$7HUHVDWDPEpPQmRDFKDYDPXLWDSLDGDHPFRPHUSHL[HSRULVVRHDSURYHLWDQGRDRFDVLmR
SURS{VDR'LRJRWURFDUHPFURPRVFRPRWLQKDPIHLWRQDKRUDGRUHFUHLR
/ 2 'LRJR QHP KHVLWRX WLURX GR VHX EROVR RV FURPRV GRV VXSHU KHUyLV $V GXDV FULDQoDV
SDVVDUDP XP ERP ERFDGR D EULQFDU FRP RV FURPRV HQTXDQWR RV VHXV SUDWRV FRP R SHL[H
HVIULDYDP2'LRJRHD7HUHVDHVWDYDPFRQFHQWUDGRVQDVXDEULQFDGHLUDHQHPGHUDPFRQWDTXH
D SURIHVVRUD VH WLQKD DSUR[LPDGR GHOHV $ ' )ORUD D SURIHVVRUD WRVVLX OLJHLUDPHQWH ´&RI
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7RGRVRVRXWURVPHQLQRVMiWLQKDPDFDEDGRGHFRPHUHSXGHUDPVDLUSDUDLUMRJDUXPERFDGR
QRSiWLR0DVR'LRJRHD7HUHVDWLYHUDPTXHILFDUVR]LQKRVQRUHIHLWyULRDWHUPLQDUGHFRPHUR
SHL[H 3HOD MDQHOD GR UHIHLWyULR REVHUYDYDP FRPR RV VHXV RV VHXV FROHJDV HVWDYDP IHOL]HV D
MRJDUOiIRUD
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FRPHU SHL[H HUD XP DOLPHQWR FRP PXLWDV SURWHtQDV H YLWDPLQDV H LPSUHVFLQGtYHO SDUD
FUHVFHUHPVDXGiYHLVHIRUWHV3RULVVRGLVVHj7HUHVDTXHWLQKDPTXHSULPHLURFRPHURSHL[H
SDUDILFDUHPIRUWHVFRPRRVVHXVLUPmRV
(DVVLPIRLR'LRJRSURYRXSULPHLURXPERFDGRHQDYHUGDGHHVWDYDPXLWRDSHWLWRVR$HVFROD
WLQKD FR]LQKHLURV PXLWR ERQV 2 TXH SDUHFLD XP SUDWR KRUUtYHO HUD DOJR GHOLFLRVR ´+XPP
+XPPµ3RXFRDSRXFRHPDVWLJDQGREHPR'LRJRGHL[RXRSUDWRVHPQDGD
&RPR WLQKDP FRPLGR WmR EHP 2 'LRJR H D 7HUHVD IRUDP EULQFDU SDUD R SiWLR DQWHV GH LUHP
SDUDDDXOD$VGXDVFULDQoDVWHUPLQDUDPGHWURFDURVFURPRVHDLQGDWLYHUDPWHPSRSDUDDQGDU
GH EDORLoR 'H UHJUHVVR j DXOD D SURIHVVRUD IHOLFLWRXRV SRU VH WHUHP SRUWDGR WmR EHP QR
UHIHLWyULR ( GHXOKHV WDPEpP XPD ERD QRWtFLD TXH QR GLD VHJXLQWH D HPHQWD VHULD PDFDUUmR
FRPWRPDWHHTXHLMRDFRPLGDIDYRULWDGR'LRJR
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PT 4XHVXVWR
4XDQGR D %LD HUD SHTXHQD RV VHXV SDLV VHPSUH OKH HQVLQDUDP TXH WLQKD GH DWUDYHVVDU QD
SDVVDGHLUDGHSH}HVHVHKRXYHVVHXPVHPiIRURVySRGLDDWUDYHVVDUTXDQGRDOX]GRPHVPR
HVWLYHVVH YHUGH $JRUDD%LDMi HUD PDLV FUHVFLGLQKD H FRPR D HVFRODILFDYDSHUWR GD VXD FDVD
GHL[DYDPQD LU VR]LQKD DWp DR SRUWmR GD HVFROD $ %LD HVWDYD PXLWR FRQWHQWH H RUJXOKRVD GRV
VHXV SDLV SRU FRQILDUHP QHOD SDUD LU VR]LQKD SDUD D HVFROD 1R SULPHLUR GLD GHSRLV GR
SHTXHQRDOPRoRDFDPLQKRGDHVFRODSDVVRXSHODPRQWUDGHXPDORMDGHEULQTXHGRVHILFRX
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