Macrophage-Mediated Phagocytosis of Bacteria Adhering on Biomaterial Surfaces Joana Filipa da Silva Domingues Macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of bacteria adhering on biomaterial surfaces By Joana Filipa da Silva Domingues University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands Cover design by José Tiago da Silva Domingues Copyright © 2014 by Joana Filipa da Silva Domingues Printed by Gildeprint Drukkerijen ISBN: 978-94-6108-670-9 Macrophage-Mediated Phagocytosis of Bacteria Adhering on Biomaterial Surfaces Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. E. Sterken en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties. De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op woensdag 28 mei 2014 om 12.45 uur door Joana Filipa da Silva Domingues geboren op 30 juni 1984 te Braga, Portugal Promotores Prof. dr. H. C. van der Mei Prof. dr. ir. H. J. Busscher Copromotor Dr. T. G. van Kooten Beoordelingscommissie Prof. dr. R. A. Bank Prof. dr. L. H. Koole Prof. dr. R. L. Reis Paranimfen Raquel da Cruz Barros Chongxia Yue Dedicado à minha família. Table of Contents Chapter I General Introduction: Bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo evaluation of biomaterial-associated infections. 1 Chapter II Macrophage response to staphylococcal biofilms on crosslinked poly(ethylene) glycol polymer coatings and common biomaterials in vitro. 19 Chapter III Phagocytosis of bacteria adhering to a biomaterial surface in a surface thermodynamic perspective. 37 Chapter IV Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stimulate macrophages in removing biofilms. 69 Chapter V In vitro interactions between bacteria, osteoblast-like cells and macrophages in the pathogenesis of biomaterial-associated infections. 91 Chapter VI Adhesive patches in a poly(ethylene glycol)-matrix reduce bacterial adhesion, while enhancing tissue cell adhesion and macrophage phagocytic activity. 115 Chapter VII General Discussion 139 Summary 149 Sumário 155 Samenvatting 163 Acknowledgements 169