!
"
!
#
1
$
$
#
$
%
#
&
2
∆T = 0
'( )
∆U gas = Q − W = cm∆T = 0
Q =W
3
#
W = P∆V
Q = cm∆T = cm (T f − Ti )
PVi = nRTi
PV f = nRT f
∆U gas = Q − W
4
%
W = P∆V = 0
∆U gas = Q − W = cm∆T
5
#
Q=0
∆U gas = Q − W = −W
6
*
+
,#
.
/
"-
*
+
012
%
-
#
+
%
&3
7
*
+
&
!
*
&
W =
+
#
V
V
f
#
+
#
!
dW = F dy
= PA dy
= P dV
*
#
4
5
A,
4
-
- 5
P dV
i
8
6
#
1
$
%
$
#
∆7
$
#
9