Rennes, 18/12/14
Conservation agriculture in Latin America:
Leassons for Europe and Central Asia
ricardo ralisch
[email protected]
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
100
1979
140
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
Brazil - Grain Production and Technology Adoption
(million Ha or tons)
160
40
Area
35
120
Production
30
Conservation Agriculture
GMO
25
80
20
60
15
40
10
20
5
0
-
[email protected]
CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE?
3 principles:
1- Minimum soil disturbance
2- Permanent soil cover
3- Crop rotation
CA in LAC calls No-Till System
1960
Wheat
Soybean
Wasting soils:
In tillage system loss of 10t of soils/1t of grain produced
harvesting
seeding
seeding
harvesting
SOM - Soil Organic Matter
loss during the tillage period
SOM recovery with the No-Till System - CA
FRANK'ANNA farm
15,0%
6,5%
10,0%
3,5%
5,0%
3,0%
2,2%
1,8%
0,0%
1967
1976
solo arenoso
4,4%
1997
solo argiloso
Carbon sequestration
2,4t C/ha.year
Roots and biological activity in soil
20% by aerial parts of plants
Fixed Carbon in soil:
80% by roots
Foto: Embrapa Soja - Julio Franchini
Strategy for smallholders
Corn/Brachiaria ruzizienses
Strategy for “cerrados"
THANK YOU!
ricardo ralisch
[email protected]
Universidade Estadual de Londrina
FEBRAPDP
Produtividade do milho consorciado com forrageiras tropicais
Embrapa Soja, Londrina, 2007.
6000
Produtividade (kg/ha)
5652
5592
1,1%
5274
6,7%
5500
5000
4500
4000
milho solteiro
milho+xaraes
Sistemas
milho+ruzizienses
Produtividade da soja após milho consorciado com forrageiras
tropicais
Embrapa Soja, Londrina, 2008.
Produtividade (kg/ha)
3000
2941
2889
2900
2800
2700
2592
2600
2638
2500
2400
xaraes
ruzizienses
Sistemas
milho
trigo