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2+∀& (#+ <2 #7& &8 & =+!<2∋& !/: !/ +∋#∋ +!!∀ , /+#!∃# 4
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2 #!∋& + ∀(# +(=31+/& 8 ∋!∀& ∋ 2( /&!∀;∀& :+ ∀3+/&8 /21∀2#1 &/+#14
/+#!∃# <2!# !/ +∀#
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∋#)3)+/& !# ∋2/#∃%& !∗#!∀+14 Ο +(&∀#!∀ ∋ !−&1− ∋+∗!∀ ∗&(# ∋ 9&)& =+!/#∋+# 8 &+ 1# /&!∀+=2( ## (2+∀# #!∋+7#)! ###(1+#∃ς ∋#∋∋ +)!+∗+/#∋& /&! ∀2>∋& 1# /+#!∃# 4 !∋& # +(8 # //: 0 /&1# %& #∃& &>/+& , #∀+−+∋#∋ ∋# /+#!∃# !# =+!/#∋+# 8 +!/+#1(!∀ #<21# <2
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Φ4ϑ≅
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# /+#!∃# −Α /&!:/!∋& /&! ∀+∀2+!∋&8 ∋ /&=+!∋& <2 &∋
+!∀#)+/&(& &=9∀& &(+&∋1 8/&(&(2!∋&8/+#!∋&∗&(#!∋&
1#∃ς 4
& =∃Α+&8 0 !/ Α+& <2 # /+#!∃# ∀!:# #/ & # &=9∀& =+!<2∋& −#+#∋& 8 /&(&5 =&!/& 8 #!& 8 &∀ 8 /#+!:& 444 ≅2
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∋# /+#!∃# Τ−#+−(8 /&!∋ /&!∋8+(+∀#∃%&∋#!+(#+ /#∀# 444Υ8
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( =(−+!∋& ## # &)#!+7#∃%& ∋& #∃& ∋# =+!/#∋+# +!∗#!∀+ 4
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!&( +!∀ ( − # )##∗# &1#(8 &∋!∋& # +(8 =2 /#
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#(=+!∀8 #10( ∋ &&/+&!#(& , !& # /+#!∃# # & +=+1+∋#∋ ∋
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Φ4Λ
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#/+&/&(&)2&4
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&+/+#(&∋ !−&1−+(!∀&4
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2 #∋& ∋(&∋& +(=31+/&8/&(&2( 2= ∀+∀2∀&##&2∀& 8&+!∀(0∋+&
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∀(&∀&∋&4
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∀!&!&−&∗#7∀&∋& & ∋+# ]∋ #∗&(#8#/+#!∃##!∋∗#7
# )# 1# +!∀#∃ς /&(&&2∀&&#(=+!∀4
Φ4Γ ≅
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( !& & ∗#7 ∋#)3)+/&8
#= ∋& 1−#!∀ #1 ∋#
=+!/#∋+# ∋# /+#!∃#8 (# !( ( /= & <2#!∀& ∀#1 #∀+−+∋#∋
&&/+&!#+!∗&(#∃ς &=& 2∋ !−&1−+(!∀&4
&∗+ +&!#1∋#∋2/#∃%&!∗#!∀+1∀(/&(&∗#(!∀# ∋∀#=#1:&
# &= −#∃%& & )+ ∀& ∋# /+#!∃# ( 2# =+!/#∋+# 8 &∋!∋&8 #
#∀+∋1 81#=&# 2# <2 ∀ς ∋∗+!+!&−# && ∀# ∋∀#=#1:&4
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#∀+−+∋#∋ 8 <2 ∀ς 2) ∀ς ∋ !/#(+!:#(!∀& 8 <2 1: & +=+1+∀( #−#!∃# ∋& &!∀& ( <2 !/&!∀#( !# #!∋+7#)( ∋ !−&1−+(!∀&8#∀2#!∋&8# +(8!#7&!#∋∋ !−&1−+(!∀&&;+(#14
Φ4Ι≅
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≅2#+ %& & 1+(+∀ !∀ 2( /&(&∀#(!∀& −# +−& 2(
/&(&∀#(!∀&+! ∀+)#!∀Η
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!/+# # /+#!∃# ∀!∀#!∋& &1− /&!∗1+∀& /&∀+∋+#!& 1# ∗&∃#4 #) +−+∋#∋8 #& !%& !/&!∀# /#!#+ ## ; # ( !>−+ +(=31+/& 8&∋∀#! ∗&(# (#∃%&∗> +/#4
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#=#(1:&∗&(#∋!/#(+!:## +∀2#∃%&8&∋2/#∋&#)2!+!∋&8
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#(=0( ∋− 1−# # /+#!∃# <2 ∗&+ (&∋+∋# # ∋+7 &= 2
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=+!/#∋+# ∋∗&(#/&(1∀#(!∀∋+− #∋# #∋#80∗2!∋#(!∀#1
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/&(&+!/+#1(∋+#∋&8∗#7#+!∀−!∃%&!/ Α+#4
/&(#∀+1:#∋# =+!/#∋+# 8& #=9&)#8∋−∗#7#∀∋&
∋+##∋+#∋&∋2/#∋&4
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∀%&+(&∀#!∀###/+#!∃#<2#!∀&##&#∋21∀&4
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(#+ 2(!&)2&4
#>∀21&
ϑ≅Ο
Η
&& ∀# /+#∀+−# /#∀+−# ∋ /#Α∀ ∗> +/& &2 (!∀#18
∋ !−&1−+∋# &!∀#!#(!∀8 /29# −&12∃%& 0 ∋∗+!+∋# & ∗+!#1 !(
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2(#+&&=9∀+−&0#Α∀+/#!##∀+−+∋#∋( +4Ω∋+/&)2!∋&≅2+&7
#∀+! ΤϑΝΝϑΥ5 0 ∀2∋& #<2+1& <2 ∋+−∀ !∀∀0(8 9# ( ∗&(# ∋
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∀&!# 2(#
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ϑ4Φ
4
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#+!1 (Α)+/&4 !&− ( # 2( #!&5 <2#!∋& /&(∃# # !)#∀+!:#8
/#+;# 8/#+;&∀ &2&2∀& &=9∀& !& <2#+ &∋!∀# #+]Α)2##+#4
Φ #!& # Λ #!& 5 =&1# 8 <2!& #!+(#+ ∋ #!& &2 ∗1∀&8 (# # ∋
(&∋1#8 =+!<2∋& ∋ (&!∀# ∋ (&!∀#8 −>/21& ∋ (#∋+# &2
1Α ∀+/&8=+!<2∋& ∋/&∋#4
Λ#Π#!& 51Α+ /&(2(∋/##1##∋ !:#8∀?(# 8
)+7 <2#∋& !)&8 1+−& ∋ ∗+)2# 8 ∀ &2# ∋ &!∀# &(=# ## /&∀#8
/&1#)! 8 =+!<2∋& (&−+ ∋ ∋#1#8 )#!)&#8 /&)#∋&8 =#1#!∃&8
=+!<2∋& 1∀Ψ!+/& 4
Λ4ϑ χ 4
& −&1∀# ∋& )2!∋& #!& ∋ −+∋#8 /&(∃#(& # &= −# ∋+− & /&(&∀#(!∀& !# /+#!∃#8 # =+!/#∋+# 4 ∀# !−&1−( 2( ⊥∗#7∋
/&!∀#⊥8 2( =+!/# &2 2( 9&)# +(=&1+/#(!∀4 ∀# 0&/# ∀#(=0( &= −# # +(+# #1#−#&2!2!/+#∋& −=#+ 8/&1&/#!∋& (−+∋?!/+#
#1)&!&−&!#−&12∃%&+!∗#!∀+15#/##/+∋#∋∋ !∀#8∋−&/#∗#∀& &=9∀& #2 !∀ 4
;1&#∃%& ! 3+&(&∀&#∋&(2!∋&/&(∃##∋#
12)# # 2(# ∗&(# (#+ /&(1;# ∋ ;1&#∃%&8 <2 /& &!∋ ,
(#!+21#∃%& &)#!+7#∃%& +(=31+/# ∋ ∀ ( (& (2!∋&4 &Σ /&! ∀#∀#
<2& +(=&1+ (&∋!#∀27#1Ω∋+/#−1#8#10(∋& +!∀ +!∋+−+∋2#+ ∋# /+#!∃#8 2# !/ +∋#∋ (&/+&!#+ #∀0 ( (& & !>−1 <2 1#
&∋∀#1/#!∃#∋&(∀(& ∋∋ !−&1−+(!∀&/&)!+∀+−&4
+/&1+/: ΤϑΝΝΦΥ ∋+7 <2 0 & >−18 &(!∀ #∀#−0 ∋ /&!∋2∀# 1Ω∋+/# 8 #−#1+#(& 2(# /+#!∃# ( <2 ∀!:#(& ∋ /& , ∀ ∀ 4
∀ #2∀& ∀#(=0( #!#1+ &2 # 1#∃%& !∀ /&!∋2∀# !∀#∀+−# 8 /:)&2 # /&!/12 %& ∋ /∀& &/ & !# 1+!)2#)( /& &!∋( #
#−#!∃& +(+1# !& .(=+∀& ∋# =+!/#∋+#
+(=31+/#4 =+!/#
+(=&1+/#(!∀ 0 2(# (#!+∗ ∀#∃%& /&(1;# ∋& /&(&∀#(!∀&4 +#)∀8
<2 ∀2∋&2 # )?! ∋& +(=&1+ (&8 ∋+7 <2 ∀#1 ∗2!∃%& !−&1− #10( ∋#
1+!)2#)( ∋# =+!/#∋+# +(=31+/#8 # +(#)! (!∀#+ 8 # +(+∀#∃%&
∋+∗+∋## &12∃%&∋&=1(# &/&(=+!#∃%&(!∀#1∋#∃ς 4
(=&# # 1+!)2#)( # =+!/#∋+# +(=31+/# 9#( ∗&(# ∋
!∀###1+∋#∋8;+ ∀(∋+∗!∃# !∀1# 4&&!∀&∋−+ ∀#∋
∗&(#∃%& ∋ +)!+∗+/#!∀ 8 + ∀& 08 ∋& !∀#!∀ <2 %& ()#∋& ## +(=&1+7# #1)2(# /&+ #8 !<2#!∀& <2 & =+!/# ς , (& ∀# 2(
+(=&1+ (&3+&8+!∋+−+∋2#18/+#∋&1#/+#!∃#( (& ∋#/&∋&/&(
2 !∀+(!∀& &2+!∀ 2=9∀+−& Λ4Λ
≅
∀#−0 ∋# #∀+−+∋#∋ +/&(&∀&#8 ∋&(+!#!∀ !& 9&)& =+!<2∋& <2 +!/12( (&−+(!∀& /&&#18 <2
∋ !∋ #
∋+∗!/+#∃%& ∋& (2!∋& ∋& &=9∀& ∋& 29+∀& 1# ;1&#∃%&8 & ) ∀& ∋+(+∀#∃%&&−#+−(∋#1+)#∃%&#∗∀+−#4
+/&(&∀+/+∋#∋02(
∗#∀&<2/&(∃#/&(&;1&#∃%&∋&(2!∋&8#!∀ ( (&∋#;1&#∃%&
∋&!& &/&&4
!∀ ∋ /&!:/(& & ∋∋& 8 ∀#∀#(& & #] 1& !& & +(+& (&(!∀& (&−+(!∀& 8!3 ⊥ !∀+(& ⊥ & #∃& ∀Α−#7+&&2
&/2#∋&4 %& & ) ∀& ∋& !& & /&& /&(& & +=+1+∋#∋ ∋ ; %&
<2 !& −%& 1−# #& /&!:/+(!∀& ∋ !& & 1+(+∀ ∋# !& # & +=+1+∋#∋ 4 (=&# ∀&∋# # /+#!∃# ( ∋2/#∃%& +/&(&∀&#
& #(∀(/&(2(2(∋0∗+/+∀∋(#∀2#∃%&) ∀2#12(#+!/##/+∋#∋
∋ ∗+;# # 2(# ∋∀(+!#∋# #∀+−+∋#∋8 /#∋# 2(# ∋1# ∀( 2#
∋+∗+/21∋#∋#∀+/21#4
1)2(# !%&&∋(9&)##=&1###&#/+&]1# /#(+!:#((∋+∃%&#1/&1&/#(#=&1#( 2# (%& &2#=&1#/#+#
2 0 5 1# !%& /&! )2( ## !( ∋# =&1#8 !( ∋& #∋21∀&5 &
9&)&∋−1−Α1& # ∀#=1/2(#∋+ ∀.!/+#!∀1#&&=9∀&]∋&+ 8
!∀1# 2#/+&4
2∀# /+#!∃# ∀?( (∋& ∋ #) +−# 5 # =&1# <2 1# 9&)#(
!2!/##1/#!∃#&#/+&#<2(#=&1#0∋ ∀+!#∋#]+ ∀&#∀0&∋+#(<2&
2/ &∋2(##∃%&#) +−#(+∀+∋#0−+−!/+#∋#/&(&!%&∋ ∀2∀+−#4
Λ4Γ
4
Ο !/ Α+& <2 & ∋2/#∋& +! +# & =+!/# ( 2( &9∀&
∋2/#∀+−&8 & <2 2ς ∀ &=9∀+−& /&! /+?!/+# ∋# +(&∀.!/+# ∋ 2#
#∃%& ( 1#∃%& #& ∋ !−&1−+(!∀& , #!∋+7#)( ∋# /+#!∃# Τ
8ϑΝΝΛΥ4
+!/##!∋
( /!∀ <2+ # &= # 1#∃ς !∀ & 9&)& # ∋2/#∃%&
)2!∋& & ! #(!∀& ∋& ∋2/#∋& Τ
8
ϑΝΝΛΥ8 /&! ∀#∀# <2 &&/+&!# #!∋+7#)( 0 & (#+ ∗<[!∀
(&∀+−&1&<2#1&9&)&0/&! +∋#∋&+(&∀#!∀###∋2/#∃%&8(2(#
#(& ∀#!#<2#1&!∋#(∋2/#∋& ∋&! +!&∗2!∋#(!∀#14
∋2/#∋& +!∗#!∀+ 8 & 2 ∀2!&8 %& (#+ + ∀!∀ #
# +(+1# & 9&)& , #!∋+7#)(8 #+!∋# <2 /&!:∃#( 2# +(&∀.!/+#
##&∋ !−&1−+(!∀&+!∗#!∀+14(#:+3∀ ##!∀!∋∀#1& +∃%&89Α
# !∀#∋# ( &2∀& ∀#=#1:& Τ
8 ϑΝΝΝΥ8 0 <2 ∋2#!∀ (2+∀&
∀(&8 # ∋∗+!+∃%& ∋ 2# +∋!∀+∋#∋ &∗+ +&!#1 =# &2 !# && +∃%&
=+!/# − 2 ∀2∋#5 # ⊥ /&1+!:#⊥ # //:8 %& 12)# ∋ =+!/#8
!<2#!∀&# /&1#Τ# ∋(#+ 0+ ∋&! +!&Υ012)#∋ ∀2∋#4
2∀#:+3∀ 0<2#∋+ & +∃%&∋⊥∋+;#=+!/#⊥0 2(&∋&∋
+! 2)+(/&!∀## Α∀+/# ∋2/#∀+−# <2 2=(∀(&∀(&# #∋&
!# /&1#+!∗#!∀+1#&#)(#∀+ (&#&2∀+1+∀#+ (&∋#/&!&(+# /&1#4&
!∀#!∀&8 <2#!∋& & ∋2/#∋& #∋(+∀( <2 =+!/# 0 #!∋8 !%& 0 !&
!∀+∋& #(1&8 ( 1!# /&!;%& /&( & 3+& ∋ !−&1−+(!∀& +(
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;#∀#(!∀ /&(& &/∋( #& &∗ & ∋& ! +!& ∗2!∋#(!∀#18
∀!∀#!∋& +! ∀2(!∀#1+7# #<2+1& <2 0 +!∋&(Α−18 &!∀.!& +(&!∋Α−14
# ##∃%& 0 !&/+−# ## # ∋2/#∃%& +!∗#!∀+1 <2#!∋& ## &
! +!&∗2!∋#(!∀#18&+ (#(=& & /# & #∗/2!∋+∋#∋∋# !∃#∋&
9&)&!#∋2/#∃%&−? #(#∃#∋#89Α<20#1+7#∋#&#,/∀+∗+/#∃%&∋&
=+!/#8 +!∗12!/+#∋# 1# −+ %& &(.!∀+/# ∋# +!∗.!/+# Τδ8 Φ∆∆ΜΥ8
&= & #)2(!∀& ∋ <2 !%& +!∀−+ 0 −# 2# )!2+!+∋#∋8 &# ,
2=&∋+!#∃%& ;∀!# #& /&!∀Ω∋& /2+/21# 8 <2#!∀& #∀+/#(!∀ !%&
:Α #∃& ## # =+!/#∋+# &+#(!∀ ∋+∀#4 & /# & ∋# ∋2/#∃%&
+!∗#!∀+18 <2#1 08 !∀%&8 & (1:& 12)# <2 # =+!/#∋+# &∋ &/2#Η (
∀%&⊥1#)#∋#⊥<2∋+ ! &∋2/#∋&8∋#!∋&(#)(#Α∀+/# ∋2/#∀+−# &!∀#!> ∀# <2 #/+1+7#( & #∀& ∋ =+!/#8 !( ∀%& ∋++)+∋# <2 ∋+;
∋ =+!/#∋+#Τ
8ϑΝΝϑΥ4
&(& ∗#7+ &Η≅2#10&#1∋&∋2/#∋&(1#∃%&#&=+!/#
!#∋2/#∃%&+!∗#!∀+1Η+!/#02(##∀+−+∋#∋##∋&;#151+−8+(−+ >−1
&!∀.!#8 &0(8 #& ( (& ∀(& )21#(!∀#∋#] (+& ∋ 2#∃%&
∋# +!∗.!/+#8 # +( /&(& (&∋& ∋ /&! ∀+∀2+∃%& ∋# +!∗.!/+#] (#!+# ∋
#&+#∃%& ∋& (2!∋& ∋ ∗&(# #∀+−# ∋+∀#8 (# ∀#(=0( #∀#−0 ∋#
!∀#∃%&8&2 9#8∋#∗#!∀# +#∋#1+!)2#)(ΤΘ
Ζ8Φ∆∆ΙΥ4
+!/#!∋&&+!∋+−>∋2&#)/&(& ∗& &2∀#/&+ # ∀+− (
&2∀& ∀(& 12)#8 (=&# ## <2 # #∀+−+∋#∋ 9# /&! +∋#∋#
=+!/#∋+#8!%&#12/+!#∃%&∋−# ∀##= &12∀#(!∀/&!/∀#∋&/&(#
#1+∋#∋4 &−#−1(!∀ 92+#)2# #/11+ Τ4 8 ϑΝΝΛΥ
/&! +∋##( ∀2∋& + & ## ∋+7 <2 0 2( ##∋&;& <2 #∗+(# &
=+!/# /&( ∋(# +#∋& +)&4 +#!∀ ∋ ∀#+ ##∋&;& 8 !%& 0 ∋
2!∋<2!%& 9#& >−1#∗+(#/#∀)&+/#(!∀##<2 −#
=+!/#∋+#4
!∀∀#!∀&8 & /2 ∀& ∋ # #∀+−+∋#∋ %& ∀%& 1−#∋& ## # 0/+ <2 =+!/#(8 !−&1−!∋& )# ∀& ∋ ∀(&8 !)+# ;& +∃%& #
+ /& 8 <2 & ∀&!& ( ∀(& ∋ =!∗>/+& ∋− /&! +∋Α−1
Τε
Β8ϑΝΝϑΥ4##<2(=+!/#8/&!∀2∋&8#)2!∀#
⊥=+!/# # <2?Η⊥ 0 −%8 &+ =+!/# & =+!/#8 &<2 =+!/# 0 2(#
∗&(# ∋ −+−4 &(& /&∋#( ε#(#(&∀& #−#1:& ΤϑΝΝϑΥ8 & +!∋+−>∋2&
<2=+!/#!%&∗#7&<2 ##∀+−+∋#∋&∀&!#(#+ /&(∀!∀8 9#!&
#(=+!∀ +(∋+#∀&8 9# !& ∗2∀2&4 (&∀+−#∃%& ## =+!/# 0 +!∀>! /# ,
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#∀0 &<2 #!∋ # =+!/#4 &(& /&! ∀2∃%& &/+#18 # =+!/#∋+# 0
#∀#− #∋# 1# #!∋+7#)(8 2(# −7 <2 & =+!<2∋& & #∀& ∋
=+!/#8#2( 3∀(&8/&!∀#(#:+ ∀3+#∋#:2(#!+∋#∋∋1##∀+/+#(
∋+∀#(!∀8 !∋& #1)& #!∋+∋&8 !%& 2(# ∋+ & +∃%& +!#∀# ∋& :2(#!&4
# #!∋+7#)( 0(#+ ∗<[!∀/&(& # ∋&<2∋!∋
∋ 2( ! +!& ∋+∀#(!∀ ∀#! )#/+&!#1 Τ
Β ∀ #148 ϑΝΝΛ8 4ϑΦΥ4
(#∋# ;1+/#∃ς ## ∗#∀&(&!∀#& +−1(!∀#& 2)+(!∀&
∋& !∀+(!∀& ∋ +!∗.!/+# # #∀+ ∋# (&∋!+∋#∋8 <2#!∋& # /+#!∃# ∗&#( /+#1(!∀ ∀+(21#∋# #/&!−+−!∀ +!# /&1#8!%&(#+ /&(& #∋21∀& !&∀#=#1:&4&<28!∀%&80∀%&∋+∗>/+1##& ∋2/#∋& +!∗#!∀+ +!/12>(#=+!/#∋+#!# /&1#+!∗#!∀+1 (+!/&!#∋+∋#∀+7#∃%&
&2!&#=#!∋&!&∋&=+!/#Η
# ∋ &=1(# !%& ;/12 +−& ∋# ∋2/#∃%& +!∗#!∀+18
#∋<2+2(#/&!∗+)2#∃%&&+)+!#1(#7%&∋#!∋21#∃%&:+ ∀3+/#!∀&
! +!& ∋++)+∋& !# /&1# +!∗#!∀+1 2# −+∀#∃%& #∀#−0 ∋# ∋∗ # ∋#
;/12 +−+∋#∋ ∋& =+!/# Τδ8 Φ∆∆ΜΥ4 # &/+#∃%& ∋& 9&)& ,
#!∋+7#)(∀#7/&! +)&&&=1(#∋&∋+/+&!#(!∀&∋#=+!/#∋+#(
∀(& ∋+!∀!/+&!#1+∋#∋&∋2∀+−+∋#∋4&2)φΤϑΝΝϑΥ 2)#!&∃%&
∋ ∋2/#∃%& +!∗&(#1 ## ! # # 1#∃%& !∀ 9&)& ∋2/#∃%& &=
!&−# =# 8 (=&# #∋(+∀# <2 # && +∃%& ∗&(#1 − 2 +!∗&(#1 9#
(2+∀& +(1+ ∀#4
#2∀& ;1+/# # ∗&(#1+7#∃%& /&(& &/ & ( <2 # +!∀!∃%&
∋2/#∀+−#&∋∀&!# (#+ +!/&! /+!∀&2(#+ ;1>/+∀##∗&(#1+7#∃%&
( /∀# +∀2#∃ς #∀0 /&! ∀+∀2+ & &=9∀+−& +!/+#1 ∋ 2(# +!∀#∃%&4 Ο
∋ (&∋& <2 &2)φ /:)# , #∗+(#∃%& ∋ <2 & 9&)& !%& 0
!#∀2#1(!∀ ∋2/#∀+−&8 (# ∀&!# ∋2/#∀+−& 1& &/ & ∋
∗&(#1+7#∃%& ∋2/#∀+−#4 &∋#−+#8 #∋−∀5 ⊥ 9&)& &∋ & +=+1+∀# &
!/&!∀& ∋ #!∋+7#)! 4 Ο 2(# +∀2#∃%& /&(&∀#!∋& ∗&∀ &∀!/+#1
+(=31+/&<2&∋ ∗#∀&∋#!∋+7#)(8(# ∋(#!+#+!∀+#(!∀
#1#∀3+#8∋+∗+/+1(!∀−+ >−14Τδ8ϑΝΝϑ84ΦΝΥ4
Λ4Ι
4
∀0( (&2(Α+∋&&1:# &=# #1#∋#21#∋∋2/#∃%&+!∗#!∀+1
(+∀ ∀+(#&#1<2∋ (!:#&=+!/#! 12)#8#/&(∃#
1& 2##!9& #/+#181( (&∗#−&Α−1&2!%&#&∋ !−&1−+(!∀&
∋# #∀+−+∋#∋ 1Ω∋+/#8 2(# −7 <2 ∋+∗!∀ ##!9& #/+#+ (+∀(
∋+∗!∀ #∀+−+∋#∋ 1Ω∋+/# # #∀+ ∋ ∋+− # (&∋#1+∋#∋ ∋ +!∀#∃%&4
<2+ # ∗+∀# & )!∋ ΤΦ∆ΜΛ8Φ∆ΜΠ Φ∆ΜΚΥ 8 # #∀+ ∋1# 8 & ∀2∋& ∋#−#1:&2=+#!&ΤΦ∆∆ΓΥ(∀&!&∋#&)#!+7#∃%&∋& #∃&
∋# #1# ∋ #21# #&!∀# (#+& /&!/!∀#∃%& ∋ /+#!∃# ( ∀&!& ∋&
∋2/#∋& ( ##!9& /&( (!& &2 1!# ∀2∀2#∃%& #/+#1 ∋(&! ∀#(<28(7&!# /+/2! /+∀# 8:Α(#+&#∀+−+∋#∋ #/+#1∋∗#7
∋/&!∀#89Α<2∗&!/(&∀∃%&+−#/+∋#∋8∗#−&/!∋&#∗&/#1+7#∃%&
!&#/+&!##∀+−+∋#∋4
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(!& =+!<2∋& 8 #∃&:&Α+&##=+!/#;+ ∀(4≅2#!∋&##/
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#∀+−+∋#∋1)+∀+(#(!∀ /&1#4#−∋#∋8& #∋21∀& #/( !∀+ #(#∃#∋& 1&9&)&∋−+∋&, 2##1#∀&+∋#∋#& !&−& & >−+ <2
/&! ∀#!∀(!∀#=(ΤΘ
Ζ8Φ∆∆ΙΥ4
2 #1 !& =+!/# ∗&) , :#=+∀2#1 /!∀#1+7#∃%& &!+&∀!∀8 & &∗ & !%& #=( & <2 ∗#7 !<2#!∀& 2 #12!& =+!/#(8
∗2)+#( !##1+7#∃%&∋&2∀# #∀+−+∋#∋ 8∋+∀# &∋2∀+−# 4#(1:&
∋# :+3∀ 8 ∀!∀# #/+&!#1+7#8 ∋∗+!+!∋& & =+!/# /&(& #∀+−+∋#∋
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=+!/#∋& 2 #12!& &+/+#8&2/&!∗2 & <2#!∀&#&<2∗#7!<2#!∀&
# /+#!∃# =+!/#(8 (2+∀# −7 !%& #!# +!∀&(∀!∋& !#
=+!/#∋+#/&(&∀!∀#!∋& #3+#/+#!∃#<2=+!/#4
&&2∀&1#∋&82(# #1#∋#21#/29#−+ 2#1+∋#∋1Ω∋+/#0;/ +−#8
/:)#!∋& #& &!∋ ∋ +!−# +−#8 ∋+ ∀#!/+# # /+#!∃# ∋& =+!/#4 &(
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