! " # " # # " # ! " ( , ) . - * +* + / # # * % % = = $ & = & % = ' = 0 + = 0 =0 0 = ' = 0 + = 0 & = 0 1 + & +& ( & + & 0 − 0 ) # " % 3 " # 2%$ $ 4 . $ 5 2% $3 5 % 5 % 5 % 5 = + 5 = + 5 = + 56 56 56 / & " " # 7 8 : = + + + . = = + 9 # • 4 = •• = / • •• 7 8 = • = •• ! ' " + # = + & = = ; * + ρ 8 & = ; ! * 8 ( % . 0 < &= 6 α = 1− ( . # α) &A = 1− &= & 5 ; &B # &A − 1A = 0 + &= × 1 − &= 9 * 4 = @ ?1 6 = 0 + 0 + 0 = >& & 6 & 9 ! 0 − − = 1 C&@ & 4 = & = 1 0=? . # ' 7 1 & & ⇔ &A = 0 + &= − 1A = 0 + &= α= &A &= α α − 1 & & / # α = D 0@B α = A& @B 4 4 1 & & & % ' ! # θ < &0 7 8 . . A000 # CA0 6. . ) $ E< A000 ( ) = 1@A CD@ ( − C1 &A= 6 ( ) = ( (1@A CD@ + & = ( 0 ) + ( −@ ?1 6 0 0 = 0 = + A000 − ( C1 &A= − ( C1 &A= 6 ) − ( = @0A + 1= A&C − 10&0 =0? = 0 = −1= A&C ± (1= A&C ) & − = ( −10&0 =0? ) & −1= A&C ± DA A1? = = &A A & 1000 1F 6 + 0 ( &0 ) . . − C1 &A= 6 * = (1@A CD@ 6 & )) 6 # 6 ( &0 ) = 1@A CD@ ) >D00 = CA0 F 6= &0? >> & )) . . A000 . . = * + E 6 6 + ( @ ?1 6 )( &A A ) = =@@1 6 & ) & =0 ) − ( @ ?1 6 & & )& ) % * C 1! ' >00 C &! ' 9 7 ? 1A 6 &C 6 > # 8 &0 6 # * C &! 9 . # 5 . 9 9 . # : . # # 6 . α = =AB 5 # # : - # . ! - - ! 5 # 2≅ 3 9 + C =G ' D= C DG $ * ! $ =C 9 ' &? @ => 3 .3 3 / C> # # # >=0 # : # . # ;:@D % % & ;: 30 D0 .30 00@= C AG ' . # 4 30 CC ! / H @00 D $ 1== ! 8 . D .3& = &A0 4 0D 8 @D : # ;: 3G& & C C! ' 8 . 3 .3 $ ! 3 .3 ;: 30 =A , 0 CA : % # .31C C