Land Planning by Default: the
expansion of the agricultural
frontier in the Cerrado
Fabiano Toni
Third Lemann Dialogue
Agricultural and Environmental Issues in Brazil
November 7-8, 2013
University of Illinois
Universidade de Brasília
Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Two Dimensions – Scale and Access
• Where
• Amazonia vs Cerrado
•
•
•
•
Who
Land use in the Cerrado
Modernization
Conflicts
Protected Areas and Indigenous Lands
in Amazonia and the Cerrado
PA (km2)
IL (km²)
Biome Area
(%)
Amazonia
593,438
1,028,643
4,199,000
38,6
Cerrado
60,712
96,416
2,040,040
7,7
Deforestation in Amazonia and
Cerrado
Km2/Year
% of Biome/Year
30000
0.70
0.60
25000
0.50
20000
0.40
Amazônia
15000
Cerrado
0.30
10000
0.20
5000
0.10
0
0.00
Ano
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source: INPE, MMA, ICMBIO
2007
2008
2009
Ano
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Protected Areas in Amazonia and
Cerrado (Ha)
Cerrado
Amazonia
Before 2005
2005-2013
5,881,907
189,329
96,88%
3,12%
36,243,581
23,100,261
61,07%
38,93%
Traditional Farming Systems in the
Cerrado
Cattle ranching
Extractivism
Swidden agriculture
Chapadas
High mobility
Source: ELOY (2013), adapted from Galizoni (2005)
Flood plain agriculture
“Modernization”
• 1980s: Agricultural modernization, land privatization
• 2000s: Environmental regulation, PAs
• 2010s: Compensation; payments for env. services?
Eucaliptus
Soybean
Charcoal
Traditional
System
‘surrounded’
Irrigated agriculture
Land planning policy
•
•
•
•
Market-driven
Exclusionary
Increases inequality
Undemocratic