52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Efficiency of male effect in artificial insemination program in dairy goats raised in Northeast of Brazil during the
dry season1
Érica Pinto de Araújo2, Aderson Martins Viana Neto3, Maria Gorete Flores Salles4, Inti Campos Salles Rodrigues5,
Rafael Rodrigues da Silva2, Francisco Walfran Mota Lopes Filho2, Airton Alencar de Araújo6
1
Parte da dissertação de mestrado do segundo autor
Graduanda (o) em Zootecnia – Universidade Federal do Ceará. e-mail: [email protected],
3
Doutorando do Programa de Doutorado Integrado em Zootecnia (UFRPE/UFPI/UFC) – UFC- Fortaleza - CE, Brasil. Bolsista da CAPES.
4
Professora Adjunta da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção, Ceara, Brasil
5
Mestrando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias – PPGCV/UECE - Fortaleza-CE.
6
Professor Adjunto Faculdade de Veterinária da UECE (FAVET/UECE). Fortaleza, CE. Campus do Itaperi.
2
Abstract: Aiming a reproductive management in which artificial insemination is used, with a small cost and without
exogenous hormones, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of biostimulation in association with
artificial insemination in dairy goats during dry season. The study was performed from August to September (dry season)
of 2012, in Northeast of Brazil. It was used 35 crossbred dairy goats (Saanen x Nubian). The females were exposed to the
male daily and goat considered in estrus when it stood to be mounted by the buck. It was performed transcervical artificial
insemination, between 20 and 30 hours after the estrus detection, with fresh semen diluted in saline solution to a
concentration of 200x106 sperm/dose. From the 35 goats exposed to the male effect, 33 (94.3%) showed estrus. The onset
of male effect and estrus interval (OMEE) was 11 days and the onset of male effect and artificial insemination interval
(OMEAI) was 13 days, in which 57.6% of the goats got pregnant with a kidding rate of 57.6%. The second estrus was
more conducive to pregnancy. Therefore, the practice of artificial insemination in dairy goats, raised in Northeast of
Brazil, having estrus induced by male effect, can be utilized due its adequate results, however, it should be performed
after the second estrus.
Keywords: biostimulation, reproductive biotechniques, estrus, sustainability, Saanen
Eficiência do efeito macho em programa de inseminação artificial em cabras leiteiras criadas no nordeste do
Brasil durante o período seco
Resumo: Visando um manejo reprodutivo em que se empregue a inseminação artificial, com um baixo custo e sem a
utilização de hormônios exógenos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da bioestimulação em associação a
inseminação artificial, em cabras leiteiras durante o período seco. O experimento foi realizado no período de agosto a
setembro (período seco) de 2012, no nordeste do Brasil. Foram utilizadas 35 cabras leiteiras mestiças (Saanen x Anglo
Nubiano). As fêmeas foram expostas ao macho diariamente, e considerada em estro no momento em que aceitava a
monta. A inseminação artificial foi realizada por via transcervical, entre 24-30 horas após o momento da detecção do
estro, com sêmen fresco, diluído em solução fisiológica, a uma concentração de 200x10 6 sptz/dose. Das 35 cabras expostas
ao efeito macho 33 (94,3%) manifestaram estro. O intervalo entre o início do efeito macho e manifestação de estro (IEME)
foi de 11 dias e o intervalo entre o início do efeito macho e a inseminação artificial (IEMIA) foi de 13 dias, onde 57,6%
tornaram-se prenhes, com taxa de parição de 57,6%, sendo o segundo estro o mais propicio a resultar em concepção.
Portanto, a prática da inseminação artificial em cabras leiteiras, criadas no nordeste do Brasil, tendo estro induzido por
efeito macho, pode ser utilizada por apresentar resultados adequados, entretanto, deve-se executar a inseminação artificial
a partir do segundo estro.
Palavras–chave: bioestimulação, biotécnicas reprodutivas, estro, sustentabilidade, Saanen
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________
Página 1 de 3
52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Introduction
The use of reproductive biotechniques as artificial insemination require estrus induction and synchronization
protocols, which in most of the cases, use exogenous hormones. Aiming a more sustainable production, the substitution
of those hormones for natural methods, as the male effect and artificial illumination programs, has been adopted in
different locations, presenting continuously good results (Vitaliano, 2011; Pellicer-Rúbio et al., 2012; Zarazaga et al.,
2012).
The association between male effect and artificial insemination is an option, however, there are few literature data
available. Thus, the studies of Restall (1988) and Moore & Hall (1991) can be cited as the only ones that have used that
association and achieved good results. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of
biostimulation in association with artificial insemination in dairy goats raised in the Northeast of Brazil.
Material e Methods
The experiment was performed between August and September (drought season) of 2012, in Pacatuba (3º53'49,9''
south, 38º34'32,5'' west), 70 m of altitude and humid tropical climate, Brazil.
It was used 35 dairy goats (Saanen x Anglonubian), with weight of 49.2 ± 11.16 kg and 31.6 ± 13.03 months of
age. They were raised in a intensive system, housed in pens with suspended slatted floor, with maximum stocking rate of
12 animals. The feed provided was compound by roughages with 70% of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum schum)
and 30% of Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) and concentrate with 22.5% of crude protein, vitaminic-mineral
supplement and water ad libitum.
The bucks used had their fertility proven and were housed in a pens far from the does, assuming that one of the
principles of the male effect is a previous separation between males and females before its beginning. During the morning
and afternoon, the male was taken to the females pens, where it stayed put for 10 minutes in each pen, under the manager’s
supervision, so there would be social interactions. The female was considered in estrus when it accepted the mount. It
was performed transcervical artificial insemination, aiming the deposition of semen into the uterus, using pipette (IMV®),
coated by sheath. The females were inseminated 24-30 hours after the time of detection of estrus with fresh semen diluted
in saline solution to a concentration of 200x106 sperm cells/dose. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 35 days after the
last insemination of the experimental period with an ultrasound device (CHISON®, D600VET) with transrectal
transducer of 5.0 MHz.
During the experimental period, onset of male effect and estrus interval, onset of male effect and artificial
insemination interval, pregnancy rate, birth rate and the fertile estrus (estrus in which the female conceived), were
evaluated. The results were statistically analyzed using the program SYSTAT v.12 at a 5% significance level.
Results and Discussion
The results of the use of the male effect and its use in artificial insemination protocols are shown in table 1. From
the 35 goats exposed to male effect 33 (94.3%) expressed estrus. These results are same than Vitaliano (2011) that reported
95% of estrus.
The onset of male effect and estrus interval (OMEE) observed was 11 days, these results are similar to those of
Zarazaga et al (2012), 13.7 days. The largest number of goats in estrus was soon observed in the first week, these results
are similar to those described by Restall (1988) and Chemineau (1983) that observed a higher estrus manifestation during
the first days after the onset male effect in creole goats in temperate climate, however, different of Vitaliano (2011) that
observed a greater amount of estrus during the third week, assessing the male effect on Saanen goats raised in tropical
climate.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________
Página 2 de 3
52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Table 1. Efficiency of the use of male effect as inducer and synchronizer of estrus in dairy goats subjected to insemination.
Period
N
Estrus
(%)
OMEE
(days)
n
OMEAI
(days)
Pregnancy (%)
Kidding (%)
Fertile Estrus
Drought
35
94.3
11.4 ± 1.46
33
13.1 ± 1.42
57.6
57.6
2.2 ± 0.21
N: number of goats subjected to male effect; OMEE: onset of male effect and estrus interval; n: number of goats
inseminated; OMEAI: onset of male effect and artificial insemination interval; Fertile Estrus: estrus in which the female
got pregnant.
The onset of male effect and artificial insemination interval (OMEAI) observed was 13 days, with a maximum of
31 days. This value is similar to OMEE data as the insemination is correlated to the time when the goat manifested estrus
in response to male effect.
From the 33 inseminated goats, 57.6% got pregnant. These values are lower than the observed by Restall (1988)
and similar to those observed by Moore and Hall (1991), 56%, as they inseminated goats synchronized with the use of
male effect. All goats diagnosed pregnant gave birth (57.6%). The values found for the two rates were satisfactory, but
not high, and may be related to variation of LH peak, which appears quite variable when employing the male effect, thus
it arises as an obstacle for association between male effect and insemination (Pellicer-Rubio et al., 2007). In general, the
second estrus was more likely to result in conception, fact that correlated with results obtained by Restall (1988) which
concluded that the first estrus fertility is low and varies, moreover, Chemineau (1983) observed an increase of more than
20% in the amount of estrus followed by ovulation for the second compared to the first estrus.
Conclusions
The male effect is an alternative to induce estrus in dairy goats raised in Northeast of Brazil and it could be an
alternative to artificial insemination programs, it should be performed from the second estrus.
References
CHEMINEAU, P. Effect on estrus and ovulation of exposing creole goats to the male at three times of the year. Journal
of Reproduction and Fertility., v. 67, p. 65–72, 1983.
MOORE, R. W.; HALL, D. R. H. Artificial insemination using the buck effect to partially synchronize cashmere does.
Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, v. 51, p. 143–146, 1991.
PELLICER-RUBIO, M.-T. et al. Highly synchronous and fertile reproductive activity induced by the male effect during
deep anoestrus in lactating goats subjected to treatment with artificially long days followed by a natural photoperiod.
Animal reproduction science, v. 98, n. 3-4, p. 241–58, abr. 2007.
RESTALL, B. J. The artificial insemination of Australian goats stimulated by the “buck effect”. Proc. Aust. Soc. Anim.
Prod. v. 17, p. 302–305, 1988.
VITALIANO, A. B. Avaliação do comportamento reprodutivo caprino e ovino com o uso do efeito macho interespécie.
Universidade Federal do Ceará, Dissertação, p. 94, 2011.
ZARAZAGA, L. A et al. Enhancement of the male effect on reproductive performance in female Mediterranean goats
with long day and/or melatonin treatment. Veterinary journal, v. 192, n. 3, p. 441–4, jun. 2012.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________
Página 3 de 3