VICE-REITORIA DE ENSINO DE GRADUAÇÃO E CORPO DISCENTE
COORDENAÇÃO DE EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA
LÍNGUA INGLESA II
Rio de Janeiro / 2007
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UNIVERSIDADE CASTELO BRANCO
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U n3p
Universidade Castelo Branco.
Língua Inglesa II. –
Rio de Janeiro: UCB, 2007.
32 p.
ISBN 978-85-86912-39-9
1. Ensino a Distância. I. Título.
CDD – 371.39
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Responsáveis Pela Produção do Material Instrucional
Coordenadora de Educação a Distância
Prof.ª Ziléa Baptista Nespoli
Coordenador do Curso de Graduação
Denilson P. Matos - Letras
Conteudista
Rosângela Ferreira Ramos
Supervisor do Centro Editorial – CEDI
Joselmo Botelho
LÍNGUA INGLESA II
Apresentação
Prezado(a) Aluno(a):
É com grande satisfação que o(a) recebemos como integrante do corpo discente de nossos cursos de graduação,
na certeza de estarmos contribuindo para sua formação acadêmica e, conseqüentemente, propiciando
oportunidade para melhoria de seu desempenho profissional. Nossos funcionários e nosso corpo docente
esperam retribuir a sua escolha, reafirmando o compromisso desta Instituição com a qualidade, por meio de uma
estrutura aberta e criativa, centrada nos princípios de melhoria contínua.
Esperamos que este instrucional seja-lhe de grande ajuda e contribua para ampliar o horizonte do seu
conhecimento teórico e para o aperfeiçoamento da sua prática pedagógica.
Seja bem-vindo(a)!
Paulo Alcantara Gomes
Reitor
Orientações para o Auto-Estudo
O presente instrucional está dividido em dez unidades programáticas, cada uma com objetivos definidos e
conteúdos selecionados criteriosamente pelos Professores Conteudistas para que os referidos objetivos sejam
atingidos com êxito.
Os conteúdos programáticos das unidades são apresentados sob a forma de leituras, tarefas e atividades
complementares.
As Unidades 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 correspondem aos conteúdos que serão avaliados em A1.
Na A2 poderão ser objeto de avaliação os conteúdos das dez unidades.
Havendo a necessidade de uma avaliação extra (A3 ou A4), esta obrigatoriamente será composta por todos os
conteúdos das Unidades Programáticas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 e 10.
A carga horária do material instrucional para o auto-estudo que você está recebendo agora, juntamente com os
horários destinados aos encontros com o Professor Orientador da disciplina, equivale a 60 horas-aula, que você
administrará de acordo com a sua disponibilidade, respeitando-se, naturalmente, as datas dos encontros
presenciais programados pelo Professor Orientador e as datas das avaliações do seu curso.
Bons Estudos!
Dicas para o Auto-Estudo
1 - Você terá total autonomia para escolher a melhor hora para estudar. Porém, seja
disciplinado. Procure reservar sempre os mesmos horários para o estudo.
2 - Organize seu ambiente de estudo. Reserve todo o material necessário. Evite
interrupções.
3 - Não deixe para estudar na última hora.
4 - Não acumule dúvidas. Anote-as e entre em contato com seu monitor.
5 - Não pule etapas.
6 - Faça todas as tarefas propostas.
7 - Não falte aos encontros presenciais. Eles são importantes para o melhor aproveitamento
da disciplina.
8 - Não relegue a um segundo plano as atividades complementares e a auto-avaliação.
9 - Não hesite em começar de novo.
SUMÁRIO
Quadro-síntese do conteúdo programático........................................................................................................
9
Contextualização da disciplina.............................................................................................................................. 10
UNIT I
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES................................................................................................................................
11
UNIT II
ANOMALOUS VERBS........................................................................................................................................... 12
UNIT III
QUESTION TAG.....................................................................................................................................................
13
UNIT IV
PLURAL OF NOUNS.............................................................................................................................................. 14
UNIT V
FREQUENCY ADVERBS............................................................................................................................................ 15
UNIT VI
INDEFINITES (SOME / ANY) ................................................................................................................................ 16
UNIT VII
NUMBERS................................................................................................................................................................
17
UNIT VIII
GENITIVE CASE...................................................................................................................................................... 18
UNIT IX
GERUND AND INFINITIVE..................................................................................................................................... 19
UNIT X
RELATIVE PRONOUNS.........................................................................................................................................
21
Extra Readings......................................................................................................................................................... 22
27
Gabarito..................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Referências bibliográficas......................................................................................................................................... 30
Glossário..................................................................................................................................................................
Quadro-síntese do conteúdo
programático
UNIDADES DO PROGRAMA
OBJETIVOS
1- CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
• Aplicar os termos verbais corretamente em
orações onde apareçam if clauses.
2 - ANOMALOUS VERBS
• Usar os verbos auxiliares nos seus diversos
sentidos.
3 - QUESTION TAG
4 - PLURAL OF NOUNS
5 - FREQUENCYADVERBS
• Localizar os grupos nominais nas frases.
• Formular perguntas usando o Question Tag.
• Pluralizar os substantivos, observando os
diversos casos especiais.
6 - INDEFINITES
• Aplicar some e any corretamente.
7 - NUMBERS
• Escrever e aplicar os numerais corretamente.
8 - GENITIVE CASE
• Utilizar o Genitive Case para indicar posse.
9 - GERUND AND INFINITIVE
• Usar o infinitivo com ou sem o to, ou o gerúndio
depois de determinados verbos.
10 - RELATIVE PRONOUNS
• Usar os pronomes relativos adequadamente em
orações adjetivas restritivas.
9
10
Contextualização da Disciplina
Após você ter tido o primeiro contato com a língua inglesa, passaremos a estudar a reestruturação frasal e as
transformações estilísticas e estruturais, a modalidade e transitividade presentes no idioma.
Você também terá, com a disciplina de Língua Inglesa II, uma revisão e aprofundamento do estudo das
estruturas sintáticas da língua: o sintagma nominal, verbal e preposicional.
UNIT I
11
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
A oração condicional expressa uma condição e
sempre aparece ligada a uma oração principal.
b) condição improvável, usando o passado
simples e o condicional simples.
Ex.: If she had money, she would go to the movies.
As orações condicionais podem expressar:
a) condição provável, usando o presente simples
e o futuro simples.
Ex.: If she has money, she will go to the movies.
c) condição impossível, usando o passado
perfeito e o condicional perfeito.
Ex.: If she had had money, she would have gone
to the movies.
Exercises
1) Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses:
1. If he ______________ (call), I will speak with him.
2. If you _________________(study) hard, you will pass your examination.
3. If I find your money, I ____________________ (give) it to you.
4. If we have time, we _____________________(visit) her.
5. If you arrive on time, we ____________________ (have) lunch together.
2) Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses:
1. I would buy a car if I ________________ (know) how to drive.
2. We ___________________ (go) to the beach if we hadn’t so much work to do.
3. If I ________(have) money, I would travel abroad.
4. If we met her, we ______________(give) her your message.
3) Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses:
1. If it had rained, you __________________ (have) a bad time at the beach.
2. If he __________________(arrive), he would have looked for you.
12
UNIT II
ANOMALOUS VERBS
Verb can (poder)
Negative form: I can’t / can not / cannot play football
Interrogative form: Can I play football?
Examples: I can play football.
Expressa:
a) capacidade: She can swim.
b) permissão / possibilidade: You can leave now.
Could (podia)
a) capacidade: She could swim years ago.
b) permissão / possibilidade: You could leave five
minutes ago.
Exercises
1) Change the sentences to negative and interrogative forms:
1. He can speak English.
2. She can play the piano.
3. They can drive a car.
4. Bob can spell his name.
May (poder)
Expressa:
a) permissão: May I come in?
b) possibilidade: It may rain tonight.
Might (podia)
a) permissão mais formal: Might I come in?
b) possibilidade mais remota: It might rain tonight.
Must (dever)
a) obrigação: Everybody must pay his bills.
b) dedução: You are pale. You must be sick.
c) proibição. You mustn’t smoke here.
d) conselho: You must see that play.
Ought to (dever)
a) conselho: You ought to visit your grandmother.
b) dever: You ought to do your homework.
Should (deveria)
a) conselho: You should visit your grandmother.
b) dever: You should do your homework.
Used to (costumava)
a) expressa um hábito passado: He used to swim in the
morning.
Exercises
1) Write the appropriate ANOMALOUS VERBS.
1. They ____________ (podem) write programs to handle invoicing.
2. The programmers _____________(devem) write programs that work and leave them fully documented.
3. Your program_______________(pode) be easily taken over by another programmer.
4. The test for the last card _____________(deve) come immediately after you’ve read each card.
2) Supply with the required ANOMALOUS VERBS:
1. The sequence of instructions ______________ be obeyed to achieve a given result. (obligation)
2. Electronic sensing devices ________________ read magnetic ink printed on checks. (capability)
3. Variations of the input/output instructions ______________ be devised to apply to different peripherals.
(possibility)
4. Libraries on banking store ______________ hold all types of utility routines. (capability)
5. A computer program _______________ work out Mr. Jones’ pay for the week. (possibility)
UNIT III
13
QUESTION TAG
São pequenas perguntas colocadas no final das orações,
para pedir uma informação ou confirmação do que foi dito.
Após uma oração afirmativa, usa-se o tag negativo:
Mary is working, isn’t she?
Paul will come on, won’t he?
They work in the morning, don’t they?
Bob plays the piano, doesn’t he?
Mary talked to you, didn’t she?
• Quando a oração for negativa, o tag ending será
afirmativo:
Mary isn’t working, is she?
Paul won’t come, will he?
They don’t work in the morning, do they?
Bob doesn’t play the piano, does he?
Mary didn’t walk, did she?
Casos especiais:
1. I am very late, aren’t I?
2. Let’s go home now, shall we?
3. Open the window, will you?
4. She may go now, may she not?
Exercises
1. Add a question tag. Follow the examples:
a) Let’s punch those cards, _______________________________?
b) He’s a good programmer, ______________________________?
c) They will increase their production, _________________________?
d) It isn’t difficult, ________________________?
e) The computer can help us, ________________________?
f) Tell me about your job, _______________________?
g) Mr. Adams would study the problem, ___________________?
h) She doesn’t want those forms, _____________________?
14
UNIT IV
PLURAL OF NOUNS
Formação
Regra geral + s
Ex.: The boys love apples.
Nomes terminados em s, sh, ch, x, z e o + es
Ex.: The potatoes are delicious.
Nomes terminados em – y precedido de consoante +
ies
Ex.: The cherries are sweet.
• Nomes terminados em – f ou – fe + ves
Ex.: The leaves on the trees are green.
1. Substantivos terminados em ch, com som de /k/,
formam o plural acrescentando-se s:
Monarch – monarchs
Epoch – epochs
2. Substantivos terminados em o de origem estrangeira
acrescenta-se s:
Studio – studios
Kilo – kilos
3. Alguns substantivos terminados em – f ou – fe
formam o plural acrescentando-se s:
Scarf – scarfs/scarves
Roof – roofs
Proof – proofs
Exercises
1) Give the PLURAL form:
a) Foot –
b) Datum c) Basis d) Key –
e) Tax –
f) Switch –
g) Inventory –
h Phenomenon –
i) Laboratory –
j) Shelf –
l) City –
m) Memory –
n) Tax –
o) Criterion –
p) Technician –
Reef – reefs
Cliff – cliffs
Wharf – wharfs
Safe – safes
Chief – chiefs
Dwarf – dwarfs
Belief – believes
Hoof – hoofs/hooves
Gulf – gulfs
Handkerchief – handkerchiefs
4. Plurais irregulares:
Foot – feet
Goose – geese
Tooth – teeth
Louse – lice
Man – men
Woman – women
Child – children
Ox – oxen
5. Plurais de substantivos de origem estrangeira:
Analysis – analyses
Crisis – crises
Hypothesis – hypotheses
Thesis – theses
Agendum – agenda
Datum – data
Alumnus – alumni
Terminus – termini
Phenomenon – phenomen
UNIT V
15
FREQUENCY ADVERBS
Os advérbios de freqüência são usados antes do verbo
principal e após o verbo auxiliar.
Sometimes – às vezes
Once, twice etc. – uma vez, duas vezes
Always – sempre
Never – nunca
Often – freqüentemente
Rarely – raramente
Seldom – raramente
Generally – geralmente
Usually – usualmente
Examples:
Exercises:
1) Place the FREQUENCY ADVERBS correctly:
1. My boss calls my attention. (never)
2. Those managers don’t attend meetings. (often)
3. The customer is right. (always)
4. Does he read manuals? (usually)
5. David is in a hurry. (seldom)
6. She misses the 8:30 bus. (sometimes)
Those cards are in that box. (usually)
Those cards are usually in that box.
Bob works with printers. (always)
Bob always works with printers.
16
UNIT VI
INDEFINITES (SOME / ANY)
• Usa-se some (algum, alguns, alguma, algumas) em
frases afirmativas;
• Usa-se any (algum, alguns, alguma, algumas, nenhum,
nenhuma) em frases negativas e interrogativas.
Examples: There are some books here.
There aren’t any books here.
Are there any books here?
• Some é usado em frases interrogativas apenas no caso de
oferecimento ou quando se espera uma resposta afirmativa:
Exercises
1) Supply some or any:
a) Give me _________ coffee.
b) There aren’t __________ good books here.
c) I brought you __________ aspirins.
d) Do you have _________ idea?
e) There aren’t _________ good seats in this theater.
f) He told us __________ old stories.
g) Is there _______ doctor in the audience.
h) There are _________ good shows in New York?
Example: Would you like some coffee?
• Any é usado em frases afirmativas quando:
a) aparecer após a palavra if:
If you have any questions, ask me.
b) significa qualquer:
Take any book you need.
c) houver palavra de sentido negativo na frase, como
seldom, never, rarely, without etc.
He left without any money.
UNIT VII
17
NUMBERS
e.g.: 23 – twenty three
406 – four hundred and six
1,879 – one thousand eight hundred and seventy-
Exercises
1) Study the examples and write in full:
a) 114 –
b) $50.25 –
c) 3,045 –
d) 22nd –
e) $13.02 –
f) 18th –
nine
31st – thirty-first
$5,78 – five dollars and seventy-eight cents.
18
UNIT VIII
GENITIVE CASE
• O caso genitivo expressa posse e é usado para pessoas
e animais
Ex.: the boy’s name (the name of the boy)
the cat’s eyes (the eyes of the cat)
• É formado pelo acréscimo de ‘s ao possuidor.
Ex.: Jack’s car
Charles’s book
the children’s book
• Quando o substantivo termina em – s, usa-se apenas
o apóstrofo (‘).
Ex.: the girl’s room
the ladies’ dresses
Exercises
1) Supply ‘ or ‘s:
1. Don ___ car is in the garage.
2. Mr. Simpson ____ secretary is outside.
3. They sell ladies _____ hats in this store.
4. The doctor _____ wife is very gentle.
5. The women _____ husbands are late.
6. My friends _____ sisters are beautiful.
7. We love Grandma _____ cakes.
8. The engineer _____ glasses are broken.
• Substantivos compostos são tratados como
substantivos simples.
Ex.: my father-in-law’s car
• O caso genitivo também é usado para se referir a
lugares.
Ex.: He’s going to the baker’s. (the baker’s shop)
• Quando há mais de um possuidor:
a) para indicar posse comum, apenas o último
possuidor recebe o genitivo.
Ex.: Jack and Peter’s father (o mesmo pai)
b) para indicar posse individual, usa-se o genitivo
para cada um dos possuidores.
Ex.: Joe’s and Jane’s fathers (pais diferentes)
UNIT IX
19
GERUND AND INFINITIVE
O gerúndio é uma forma verbal caracterizada pela
terminação – ing e funciona como substantivo.
Ex.: Swimming is good to our body.
O gerúndio também é usado:
a) após preposições
Ex.: She’s tired of working.
b) após os verbos come e go (quando indicarem
atividade física).
Ex.: Let’s go shopping.
c) após os verbos: admit, avoid, appreciate, consider,
continue, delay, detest, deny, enjoy, escape, finish,
imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, suggest,
stop, try e understand.
Ex.: He admitted being wrong.
Assim como o gerúndio, o particípio presente também
é caracterizado pela terminação –ing. O particípio
presente é usado para formar tempos contínuous.
Ex.: He is playing the guitar now.
Exercises:
1) Supply the gerund form of the verbs in parentheses:
1. The man admitted ____________ (steal) the jewelry.
2. She is very fond of ______________ (swim).
3. They would appreciate _________________(hear) from you.
4. I have avoided _____________(talk) to him after a quarrel.
5. _________ (paint) is a terrific pastime.
Infinitive
O infinitivo é a forma original do verbo e pode aparecer
com ou sem a partícula to.
Ex.: I want to go home.
He told me to stop.
Usa-se o infinitivo sem to:
a) após os verbos anômalos, os verbos auxiliares do e
will e os verbos make e let.
Ex.: I can swim.
Do you like coffee?
Let me go.
b) após as palavras too, enough, the first, the second,
the last, the only.
Ex.: We are too young to die.
I was the first one to arrive.
b) após as conjugações but e except.
Ex.: I will do nothing but cry.
Usa-se o infinitivo com to:
a) após os verbos tell, invite, teach, remind, wish,
desire, want.
c) após adjetivos.
Ex.: This exercise is difficult to do.
Atenção! O verbo help aceita infinitivo com ou sem to.
Ex.: They helped us do our homework.
They helped us to do our homework.
20
Exercises
1) Supply the infinitive with or without to.
a) Let’s _______ (dance), shall we?
b) It’s hard _____________ (study) all day.
c) I’ll do anything for you but _______________(wash) your car.
d) His words made her __________(cry).
e) The committee invited all the members __________ (to participate).
Infinitive and Gerund
Os verbos feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch
podem ser seguidos de gerúndio ou de infinitivo sem
to.
Ex.: They watched the birds flying.
They watched the birds fly.
Verbos que podem ser seguidos de gerúndio ou de
infinitivo com to:
Advise
Allow
Attempt
Begin
Continue
Dislike
forget
hate
remember
intend
like
neglect
Ex.: I hate getting up early.
I hate to get up early.
Exercises
1) Supply the Gerund or the Infinitive of the verbs in parentheses:
a) I heard you _____________________(sing).
b) We observed the bird ________________ (make) its nest.
c) The students attempted _________________ (cheat) during the examinations.
d) They started _______________ (look) for the criminal.
e) I dislike _________________(be) late.
permit
prefer
start
stop
try
love
UNIT X
21
RELA
TIVE PRONOUNS
RELATIVE
Os pronomes relativos introduzem orações
subordinadas adjetivas (restritivas ou
explicativas). Essas orações definem, limitam ou
acrescentam algo ao significado do antecedente.
Who, whom e that (que, quem) são usados quando
o antecedente for pessoa.
Ex.: The girl who arrived is beautiful.
The girl that arrived is beautiful.
Usa-se who, whom, that ou omiti-se o pronome
quando este é o objeto do verbo.
Ex.: The girl who I saw is beautiful.
The girl whom I saw is beautiful.
The girl that I saw is beautiful.
The girl I saw is beautiful.
Quando a oração subordinada não é essencial para
o significado do período:
a) ela sempre vem entre vírgulas;
b) não se pode usar that;
c) não se pode omitir o pronome.
Ex.: Swimming, which I like very much, is a good
sport.
Whose (cujo, cuja, cujos, cujas) indica posse, é
usado com qualquer antecedente e não pode ser
omitido.
Ex.: The boy whose bicycle is broken is my friend.
Shakespeare, whose plays are famous, was an
English author.
That (que, quem) é o único pronome relativo usado:
Quando a oração subordinada não for essencial
para o significado do período:
a) ela sempre vem entre vírgulas;
b) não se pode usar that;
c) não se pode omitir o pronome.
Ex.: Mr. Allen, who/whom you saw yesterday, is an
American citizen.
Which e that (que) são usados quando o
antecedente for coisa ou animal. Usa-se which ou
that quando o pronome for sujeito do verbo.
Ex.: The dog which entered the room is sick.
The dog that entered the room is sick.
Usa-se which, that ou omiti-se o pronome quando
este é o objeto do verbo.
Ex.: The dog which you saw is sick.
The dog that you saw is sick
The dog you saw is sick.
a) quando há antecedentes diferentes.
Ex.: The girl and the dog that I saw on the beach
are at home now.
b) após superlativos e palavras como some, any,
no, everything, much, little, only, all.
Ex.: He is the best doctor that I know.
She is the only girl that loves you.
Omissão ocorre quando that for objeto do verbo,
ele pode ser omitido.
Quando houver preposição antes do pronome
relativo, usa-se whom (pessoa) ou which (coisa ou
animal).
Nesses casos, o relativo não pode ser omitido:
Ex.: The girl about whom you are talking is my
sister.
The book about which you are talking is expensive.
Exercises
1) Supply all possible relative pronouns:
1. The man to _____ you gave the money has died.
2. The table on ______ you put your shoes cost 300 dollars.
3. My mother knows everything ______ is written is this book.
4. There is the lady ______ car has been stolen.
5. Mrs. Scott, ______ is my mother, wants to see you.
22
Extra Readings
Botanical Gardens
The Prince Regent, Dom João VI, shortly after arriving
in Brazil, required a Royal Gardens, later designated
the Botanical Gardens. Much remains today from that
period, particularly the central fountain of molded
bronze, the first two statues cast in Rio by Master
Valentim and most importantly the road beginning at
the main entrance lined with palm trees. The “Palma
Mater”, planted by Dom João VI, was destroyed by
lightning in 1973. The 340 acres contain trees and
plants from around the world and Brazil. If you are
lucky, your visit will coincide with the blooming of the
largest water lily in the world, vitória-régia, from the
Amazon region. Its immense rose-white flower is
surrounded by leaves large enough to hold a child.
When you get to the center of the gardens, look up.
You can see Corcovado. The Botanical Gardens open
daily from 8 a.m. until 5 p.m.; main entrance, with parking
lot, is located at 1008 Rua Jardim Botânico. Within the
gardens is the Kuhlmann Botanical Museum with an
excellent exhibition of dried plants. Tel: 274 – 8246.
This month – January – 1994
Exercises
1) Responda em inglês de acordo com o texto:
a) Who planted the “Palma Mater”?
b) How many acres are there in the Botanical Gardens?
c) If you look up when you get to the center of the gardens, what can you see?
2) Escreva (V) para verdadeiro e (F) para falso:
a) The Botanical Gardens open at the weekend from 8 a .m. until 6 p.m. ( )
b) Kuhlmann Botanical Museum has an excellent exhibition of dried plants. ( )
c) The “Palma Mater” was planted by Dom João VI. ( )
d) The Botanical Gardens contains trees and plants from around the world and Brazil. ( )
3) Escreva certo ou errado de acordo com o texto:
a) The Prince Regent, Dom João VI, shortly after arriving in Brazil, required a Royal Gardens, later designated the
Botanical Gardens.
b) If you are lucky, your visit will coincide with the blooming of the largest water lily in the world, “vitória-régia”,
from the Amazon region.
Cold Feet
One day a beautiful young lady went to a famous
artist and said, “I want you to paint a picture of me.
How much will it cost?”
“Five hundred pounds”, said the artist.
“Oh? “, said the lady. “That’s a lot of money. “ Then
she thought that, as she had a very beautiful body,
the artist might be happy to paint her picture more
23
cheaply if she wore no clothes while he was painting
it. So she said, “And how much will it cost if you paint
me without clothes on?” The artist thought for a
moment. “One thousand pounds”, he then said. “But
I shall have to keep my socks on, because my feet get
cold: and I shall have to wear something to put my
brushes in.”
Exercises
1) Marque a resposta correta:
1. A young lady wanted a famous _____________ to paint a picture of her.
a) lawyer
b) doctor
c) teacher
d) painter
2. He wanted to keep his ___________ on because his _____________ would get cold.
a) glasses; nose
b) coat; wagon
c) clothes; brushes
d) socks; feet
3. A thousand ___________ should be _________ money.
a) neighbors; happy
b) clothes; cheap
c)pounds; a lot of
4. ___________ does this picture ____________?
a) Why; cost
b) Where ; wear
c) What;think
d) bodies; without
d) How much; cost
2) Escreva (V) para verdadeiro e (F) para falso:
1. The artist misunderstood the lady’s suggestion. ( )
2. The artist wanted to wear his socks to put his brushes in. ( )
3. The young lady thought the artist could paint her picture more cheaply than five hundred pounds. ( )
4. The artist thought that he himself should wear no clothes while painting the picture. ( )
The Computer
Computers are electronic machines that process
information. They are capable of communicating with
the user, of doing five kinds of arithmetic operations,
and of making three kinds of decisions. However, they
are incapable of thinking. They accept data and
instructions as input, and after processing the
information, they output the results.
When talking about computers, both hardware and
software need to be considered. The first refers to the
actual machinery whereas the second refers to the
programs that control and coordinate the activities of
the hardware.
The first computer was built in 1930 but since then
computer technology has evolved a great deal. There are
three different kinds of computers in use today: the
mainframe, the minicomputer and the microcomputer.
However, the dividing line between these has become
blurred; a modern micro is often powerful as a mainframe
was tem years ago. All three have one thing in common –
they operate quickly and accurately in solving problems.
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Exercises
1) Responda em inglês:
1. O que é um computador?
2. O que os computadores são capazes de fazer?
3. O que eles são incapazes de fazer?
4. O que o computador aceita como input?
5. O que significa output?
6. O que significa hardware?
7. O que significa software?
8. Quais os computadores que existem atualmente?
9. O que os computadores têm em comum?
They lived in Peace
North American Indians lived in the “New World” a
long time before Europeans arrived there. Many
centuries before Columbus, Indians hunted, fished and
planted corn in America. They killed the buffalo for
food. They fished for salmon in the rivers of Canada
and they farmed the land in Arizona. Before the white
men arrived, the Indians lived in peace. They were the
masters of the North American continent.
Exercises
1) Indique o correspondente em inglês destas palavras ou expressões:
1. muito tempo antes:
2. chegaram
3. muitos séculos
4. caçavam
5. pescavam
6. milho
7. matavam
8. para (servir de) alimento, para comer
9. rios
10. cultivam a terra
11. paz
12. senhores, donos
a) a long time before
a) lived
a) many years
a) hunted
a) fished
a) corn
a) died
a) for food
a) ships
a) planted corn
a) war
a) masters
2) Responda em inglês de acordo com o texto:
1. Where did North American Indians live?
b) a long time after
b) arrived
b) many centuries
b) fished
b) planted
b) popcorn
b) killed
b) for bread
b) rivers
b) farmed the land
b) peace
b) centuries
2. Did the Europeans arrive there the Indians?
3. What did Indians do in America before Columbus?
4. What did they kill for food?
5. What did Indians do in the rivers of Canada?
6. Where did they farm the land?
7. When did Columbus arrive in the “New World”?
8. Who were the masters of America then?
9. How did the Indians live?
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26
Se você:
1)
2)
3)
4)
concluiu o estudo deste guia;
participou dos encontros;
fez contato com seu tutor;
realizou as atividades previstas;
Então, você está preparado para as
avaliações.
Parabéns!
Glossário
Accurately – precisamente.
Blurred – obscurecer(-se).
Data – dados.
Hardware – partes eletrônicas e mecânicas de um sistema de computador.
Has evolved – tem se desenvolvido.
Input – entrada de dados.
Machine – máquina.
Mainframe – computador de grande porte.
Microcomputer – qualquer computador que tenha a unidade aritmética e lógica (ALU) e a unidade de controle
em um único circuito integrado denominado microprocessador.
Minicomputer – computador multiusuário projetado para atender às necessidades de uma pequena companhia
ou departamento.
Output – saída dos resultados.
Quickly – rapidamente.
Software – programas associados com a operação de um computador.
The first – o primeiro.
The second – o segundo.
To solve – solucionar.
User – usuário.
Whereas – enquanto.
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Gabarito
Unit 4
Unit 1
1)
a) feet
b) data
c) bases
d) keys
e) taxes
f) switches
g) inventories
h) phenomena
i) laboratories
j) shelves
l) cities
m) memories
n) taxes
o) criteria
p) technicians
1)
1. calls
2. study
3. will give
4. will visit
5. will have
2)
1. knew
2. would go
3. had
4. would give
3)
1. would have had
2. had arrived
Unit 2
Verb Can
1)
1. He can’t speak English. / Can he speak English?
2. She can’t play the piano. / Can she play the piano?
3. They can’t drive a car. / Can they drive a car?
4. Bob can’t spell his name. / Can he spell his name?
May
1)
1. can
2. must
3. may / can
4. must
2)
1. must
2. can
3. may
4. can
5. may
Unit 3
1)
a) shall we
b) isn’t he
c) won’t they
d) is it
e) can’t it
f) will you
g) wouldn’t he
h) does she
Unit 5
1)
1. My boss never calls my attention.
2. Those managers don’t often attend meetings.
3. The customer is always right.
4. Does he usually read manuals?
5. David is seldom in a hurry.
6. She sometimes misses the 8:30 bus.
Unit 6
a) some
b) any
c) some
d) any
e) any
f) some
g) any
h) some
Unit 7
1)
a) one hundred and fourteen
b) fifty dollars and twenty-five cents
c) three thousand and forty-five
d) twenty-second
e) thirteen dollars and two cents
f) eighteenth
Unit 8
1)
1. Don’s
2. Mr. Simpson’s
3. ladies’
4. doctor’s
5. women’s
6. friends’
7. grandma’s
8. engineer’s
Unit 9
1)
1. stealing
2. swimming
3. hearing
4. talking
5. painting
Infinitive
1)
a) dance
b) to study
c) wash
d) cry
e) to participate
Infinitive and Gerund
1)
a) singing / sing
b) making / make
c) cheating / to cheat
d) looking / to look
e) being / to be
Unit 10
1)
1. whom
2. which
3. that
4. whose
5. who
Extra Readings
BOTANICAL GARDENS
1)
a) Dom João VI
b) 340
c) Corcovado
2) F - V - V - V
3)
a) Errado
b) Certo
COLD FEET
1)
1.d 2.d 3.c 4.d
2) V - F - V - V
THE COMPUTER
1. Computers are electronic machines that process
information.
2. They are capable of communicating with the user.
3. They are incapable of thinking
4. They accept data and instructions as input.
5. Output significa saída de dados.
6. The actual machinery.
7. The programs.
8. The minicomputer and microcomputer.
9. They operate quickly and acurately in solving
problems.
THEY LIVED IN PEACE
1)
1.a; 2. b; 3. b; 4. a; 5. a; 6. a; 7. b; 8. a; 9. b; 10. b; 11. b;
12. a
2)
1. They lived in the new world.
2. No, they didn’t.
3. They hunted, fished and planted corn in America.
4. They killed the buffalo for food.
5. They fished for salmon in the rivers of Canada.
6. They farmed the land in Arizona.
7. Many centuries before.
8. The Indians.
9. They lived in peace.
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Referências Bibliográficas
ALEXANDER, L.G. Longman English Grammar Practice. 4. ed. USA: Longman, 1995.
BRIGGS, Sandra J. Grammar: Strategies and Practice. The United States: Scott Foreman, 1994.
LEECH, G. and SVARTVIK, J. A Communicative Grammar of English. 6. ed. London: Longman, 1998.
MURPHY, Raymond. Basic Grammar in use. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
SWAN, Michael & WALTER, Catherine. How English Works. A Grammar Practice Book. New York: Oxford, 2000.
__________________. The Good Grammar Book. New York: Oxford, 2003.
VINCE, Michael. Essential Language Practice. Oxford: Macmillan Heinemann, 2000.
LÍNGUA INGLESA II
LÍNGUA INGLESA II