EURE
ISSN: 0250-7161
[email protected]
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Chile
Lacerda, Norma; Mendes Zancheti, Sílvio; Diniz, Fernando
Planejamento metropolitano: uma proposta de conservação urbana e territorial
EURE, vol. XXVI, núm. 79, diciembre, 2000, p. 0
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Santiago, Chile
Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=19607905
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Sistema de Información Científica
Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal
Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto
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Abstract
Norma Lacerda, Sílvio Mendes
Zancheti y Fernando Diniz**
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