52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Substituição do farelo de soja por caroço de algodão na suplementação de touros jovens mantidos à pasto:
Avaliação econômica1
Pedro Ivo José Lopes da Rosa e Silva2, Karina Ferro Cervelati3, Joanis Tilemahos Zervoudakis4, Nelcino
Francisco de Paula4, Adriano Jorge Possamai5, Lucien Bissi da Freiria5
1
Parte da dissertação de mestrado do segundo autor.
Discente de Medicina Veterinária – FAMEVZ-UFMT Cuiabá-MT, bolsista PIBIC/CNPq e-mail: [email protected]
3
Discente de Mestrado do PPGCA/UFMT Cuiabá-MT, Bolsista CNPq/CAPES.
4
Professor Adjunto FAMEVZ- UFMT Cuiabá-MT.
5
Discente de doutorado do PPGCA/UFMT Cuiabá-MT, Bolsista CNPq/CAPES
2
Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a economicidade da substituição da proteína do farelo de soja pela proteína do
caroço de algodão em suplementos para touros jovens. Foram utilizados 25 touros jovens Nelore, com peso e idade
iniciais de 312 kg e 20 meses respectivamente. Ofertou-se suplementação mineral, ou 1,5 kg de suplemento
concentrado seguindo a formulação padrão (0S), ou a substituição de 33% (33S), 67% (67S) ou 100% (100S) da
proteína do farelo de soja pelo caroço de algodão. A suplementação com caroço de algodão (67S e 100S)
promoveram os maiores desempenho quando comparados com a formulação padrão (P=0,01 e P=0,04,
respectivamente), e em decorrência do menor custo com os ingredientes promoveram, portanto a maior taxa de
retorno (2,19 e 1,97% ao mês). A taxa de retorno pela utilização da suplementação mineral foi alta (1,88%), no
entanto o ganho adicional promovido pela suplementação concentrada, superior a 200 gramas/dia, são importantes
para reduzir o ciclo produtivo e aumentar o giro de capital. A utilização de formulações alternativas com utilização
de caroço de algodão foi importante para melhorar a rentabilidade da atividade de recria de touros jovens à pasto.
Palavras–chave: coprodutos, recria, rentabilidade, transição águas-seca
Replacement of soybean meal by whole cottonseed in supplements for young bulls in the pasture: Economic
evaluation
Abstract: The aim was evaluate the economic of replacement of protein from soybean meal for protein from
whole cottonseed in supplements for young bulls. 25 Nellore young bulls were used, with initial weight and
age of 312 kg and 20 months respectively. The supplements were: mineral supplement, or 1.5 kg of
concentrate supplement with standard formulation (0S), or 33% (33S), 67% (67S) or 100% (100S) of
replacement the protein soybean of meal by whole cottonseed. Supplementation with whole cottonseed (67S
and 100S) promoted the highest performance when compared to the standard formulation (P=0.01 and
P=0.04, respectively). , and as a result of the lower cost ingredients promoted, so the higher rate of return
(2.19 and 1.97%). The lower cost these alternative ingredients promoted higher rate of return (2.19 and 1.97%
by month). The rate of return for the use of mineral supplementation was high (1.88%), however the
additional gain promoted by the concentrate supplementation (more than 200 grams/day) are important to
reduce the production cycle and to improve the financial revenue. The use of cottonseed was important to
improve the profitability for beef cattle in growing at pastures.
Keywords: byproducts, beef cattle in growing, profitability, rainy-dry season
Introduction
In intensive production systems of beef cattle in grazing, the provision of supplementary nutrients is
important for the maintenance of the high gain rates throughout the year, due the animal requirement is usually
higher than the amount of nutrients provided by the forage (Reis et al., 2012).
However, because of the high cost of agricultural commodities, together with the need to seek food
alternatives that do not compete with human food or animals other than ruminants, increases the interest for coproducts of agro-industry. This is important to reduce the production costs and increase profitability of the
production system (Moraes et al., 2006). Thus the whole cottonseed stands out, due its protein content, fatty acids
profile and fiber content, which has great potential for use with food for ruminants (Bertrand et al., 2005)
The objective was to evaluate the economic and productive impact of replacement the protein soybean
meal for protein whole cottonseed for beef cattle in growing at pastures.
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Material e Methods
The experiment was conducted in the beef cattle sector of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, during the
months from March to May, totaling 84 days of experiment, in the rainy-dry season. Five paddocks were used 1.45
ha each, cultivated with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú.
Were used 25 Nellore steers, with 20 months of age and the initial average weight of 312 kg. The
supplements were formulated to supply 30% of the crude protein requirement, and provided 1.5 kg/day, (0.39%
PC). The costs of the ingredients were obtained in Mato Grosso state in 2014, considering the average of the
different prices in the state (Table 1).
Table 1 - Supplements composition and price of experimental supplements
Supplements1
Ingredients
MM
0S
33S
67S
100S
g/kg
Whole Cottonseed
223.6
447.2
677.6
Corn cracked
520.0
418.1
317.8
212.4
Soybean meal
385.0
257.9
130.0
Urea
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
Mineral mixed
1000.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
Price (R$/kg)
1.43
0.68
0.64
0.59
0.54
1
(0S), substitution of 33% of protein source (33S), substitution of 67% of protein source (67S) and 100% of the
whole cottonseed as protein source (100S).
The animals were weighed at the beginning and in the end of the trial period. The economic evaluation was
carried out by considering supplementation with standard formulation as the investment parameter. The Gross
revenue was obtained by multiplying of the gain in carcass equivalent by your value in the state (R$ 120.00), and
the cost of the grazing lease in the month (R$ 20.00) and labor that totaling costs of R$ 123.31 in period.
Investment in supplementation was calculated by the price of the ingredients added an operating costs of mixture of
R$ 0.06 / kg of supplement. The return of investment was calculated by the interest rate offered by savings account
in 2014 (0.59% monthly).
The experiment was structured in a randomized design. To evaluate the performance was tested follows
contrasts: MM vs supplementation; 0S vs 33S; 0S vs 67S and 0S vs 100S. Statistical analyzes were performed using
SAS (version 9.2) and adopted great confidence level for the type 1 error of 5%.
Results and Discussion
The average daily gain (ADG) was increased by substitution of protein source in the level 67S and 100S,
in comparison of the standard formulation (P=0,01 and P=0,04, respectively). The ADG were 0.883; 0.909; 0.933;
1.123; and 1.073 kg/day, for MM; 0S; 33S; 67S; and 100S, respectively.
Due to the lower cost of the supplementation, combined with higher performance the supplements 67S and
100S, promoted the best economic returns to the animals receiving concentrate supplementation (Table 2). Because
of lower cost of mineral supplementation the economic return was high also. However it is important to consider
the additional gain promoted by concentrate supplementation (up to 250 g by day) in reduction of the production
cycle and reduction of the slaughter age, that is fundamental for the production of a quality meat
(Paulino et al., 2010).
The monthly profitability for concentrate supplementation with whole cottonseed (67S and 100S), was
0.5% lower than what was reported by another authors for same creation phase (Coan et al, 2008; Martha-Junior et
al, 2011), due to the high costs of pasture and with labor. The minimum gain for calculation of the yield was equal
to savings account, showed good margin of safety for the supply of mineral supplementation and for the
replacement of 67 and 100% of soybean meal by whole cottonseed. Demonstrating that the use of whole cottonseed
in supplements do not influences on performance, corroborating data of Moraes et al., (2006), in addition to
reducing the investment with concentrate supplementation.
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Table 2 - Economic evaluation of the use of mineral supplementation (MM), concentrate supplementation with
standard formulation (0S), replacement of 33% (33S), 67% (67S) and 100% (100S) of protein from soybean meal
by cottonseed to growing cattle.
Supplements
Economic indicators
MM
0S
33S
67S
100S
Initial value (R$/animal)(1)
1248.8
1258.4
1251.2
1252
1256
Storage arroba (2)
10.41
10.49
10.43
10.43
10.47
Weight end (Arroba) (3)
12.88
13.03
13.04
13.58
13.47
Gain (Arroba)(4)
2.47
2.55
2.61
3.15
3.01
Supplementation costs (R$)(5)
12.01
86.28
80.38
74.38
68.38
Other cost (R$)(6)
203.31
203.31
203.31
203.31
203.31
Return on investment (R$)(7)
24.19
25.57
25.36
25.27
25.24
Total of investment (R$)(8)
239.51
315.17
309.04
302.96
296.93
Produced arroba cost (R$)(9)
Cost index (%)(10)
Gross revenue (R$)(11)
Net revenue (R$)(12)
Index revenue (%)(13)
Return rate per month(%)(14)
Profitability (ha/month) (15)
Minimum Carcass ADG (kg/day)(16)
Minimum Body weight ADG
(kg/day)(17)
96.84
100.00
1.545.60
57.29
100.00
1.88
70.56
0.32
123.76
127.80
1.564.00
-9.57
19.41
0.37
-11.78
0.43
118.26
122.12
1.564.80
4.56
36.26
0.68
5.61
0.42
96.28
99.43
1.629.60
74.64
116.30
2.19
91.92
0.41
98.76
101.98
1.616.80
63.87
104.55
1.97
78.66
0.40
0.71
0.93
0.89
0.72
0.74
(1) Initial value considering BW * 50% of carcass dressing * R $ 120.00 / @. (2) BW * 50% of carcass dressing. (3) carcass weight at the end of
the growing period. (4) Weight end - Arroba stored. (5) cost of supplements * 1.5 kg/day* 84 days. (6) R $ 20.00 per month more cost related to
pasture and work hand more investment in animal health (deworming, vaccination clostridiums and anger). (7) Total investment considering the
average capital remuneration of savings (0.59% monthly). (8) other investments + supplementation + return on capital. (9) Total investment /
Arrobas produced. (10) Cost comparison of the at sign produced by the standard supplement with the other formulations. (11) Weight end
(Arroba)* R$ 120,00. (12) Gross revenue –(Initial value + Supplementation cost + other cost + return on investment). (13) Net revenue from the
standard formulation compared to other formulations. (14) (Net revenue/total investment). (15) (net revenue * stocking (herd/ha)/84 days). (16)
minimum Average daily gain (ADG) of carcass so that profitability is equal to the monthly rate of return from savings accounts. (17) ADG in
body weight so that the return on invested capital is equal to the savings account.
Conclusions
The replacement of the 66 and 100% of soybean meal by whole cottonseed increased the average daily
gain, allowing for greater profitability with the use of the concentrated supplements for beef cattle in growing at
pastures.
References
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