A ADMINISTRAÇÃO B USH E A DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO NO MÉDIO ORIENTE
só reforça o anti-americanismo dos Islamistas , mas desilude os movimentos
dos direitos humanos e os movimentos pró-democracia que olham para os Esta­
dos Unidos como referência nesta área. lOO
NOTAS
TOLAN , Sandy e FELCH, Jason - "Beyond Regime Change" , http://www.globalpolicy.org/
/security/issues/iraq/2002/ 1 20 1 1 1 20 1 beyond.htm, p. 1 .
2
lbid, pp . 1 - 2 .
3
BUSH , George W. - Address to the United Nations General Assembly, 1 2 d e Setembro de
2002, http://www.whitehouse .gov/news/releases/2002/09/200209 1 2 - 1 .html .
4
Presidente George W. Bush - National Security Strategy of the United States of America ,
20 de Setembro de 2002, http://usinfo .state .gov/topical/pol/terror/secstrat.htm .
5
President Discusses the Future of Iraq , 26 de Fevereiro de 200 3 , http://www.whitehouse .
. gov/news/ releases/2003/02/20030226- 1 1 .html .
6
POWELL, Colin L. - The US.-Middle East Partnership lnitiative: Building Hope for the
Years Ahead, Heritage Foundation Lecture , 1 7 de Dezembro de 2003 , p . 3 .
7
lbid, p . 2 .
8
CHRISTOPHER, Warren - Senate Confrrmation Hearing, 1 3 de Janeiro de 1 993 , in MIRSKY,
Yehudah e AHRENS , Matt (eds .) , Democracy in the Middle East: Defining the Challenges.
Washington , D .C . : The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1 993 , p. 4 .
9
PELLETREAU , Robert H . - "American Objectives i n the Middle East" , Comentários pro­
feridos perante o Simpósio Annual CENTCOM sobre o Sudoeste Asiático , Tampa, Florida,
1 4 de Maio de 1 996, p. 7 .
1 0 DJEREJIAN , Edward P. - "The U .S . and the Middle East in a Changing World" , U.S.
Department of State Dispatch (8 de Junho de 1 992) , vol . 3, n .0 23 , p. 446 .
1 1 "American Objectives . . ." , p . 7 .
1 2 PELLETREAU , Robert H . - "Politicai Reform i n the Middle East: America's Stake" , dis­
curso perante a Foundation for Democratization and Politicai Liberalization in the Middle
East, 20 de Outubro de 1 995 , p. 2 .
1 3 MARR , Phebe - "The United States, Europe and the Middle East" . The Middle East Jour­
nal , 1 994 , vol . 48 , n .0 2, p. 222 .
1 4 Cit. i n SISK, Timothy D . - /slam and Democracy. Washington, D .C . : U . S . Institute of Peace
Press , 1 992, p. 1 1 .
1 5 PARIS , Jonathan S . - "When to Worry i n the Middle East" . Orbis , 1 993 , vol . 3 7 , n .0 4 , p .
553 .
1 6 lbid.
1 7 SATLOFF, Robert - "An American Strategy t o Respond t o Politicai Islam" , i n MIRSKY,
Yehudah; AHRENS , Matt e SULTAN, Jennifer (eds .) , Challenges to U.S. Interests in the
Middle East: Obstacles and Opportunities . Washington, D .C . : The Washington Institute for
Near East Policy, 1 993 , p . 34.
18 MILLER, Judith - "The Challenge of Radical Islam" . Foreign Affairs , 1 993 , vol . 7 2 , n .0 2,
p . 47 .
1 9 GERA , Gideon - A n Islamic Republic of A/geria ? Washington , D .C . : The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1 995 , p. 25 .
20 lbid.
2 1 PARIS , Jonathan S . , op . cit., p . 554.
22 Esta classificação encontra-se in PARIS , Jonathan S . , op . cit., pp . 554 e 556.
2 3 ESPOSITO , John L . - The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality ? . 3 ." ed. Oxford: Oxford Uni­
versity Press , 1 999 , p. 2 1 2 .
95