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Fe and Al of the soil and subterranean system interactions of Jacaranda
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decurrens Cham. Bignoniaceae.
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Dulce Márcia de Castro 1; Lin Chau Ming 1;Dirceu Fernandes 1; Ana Maria Pereira Soares2 ;
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Dorival J. Coral 3
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de Botânica/ Unesp- Botucatu. Caixa Postal, 510- 18618-000.
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FCA/ Unesp –Botucatu. Caixa Postal, 237- CEP.: 18.603-970.
2-
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Unaerp- Universidade de Ribeirão. I.B./ Depto
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RESUMO
Jacarada decurrens, Bignoniaceae, tem um sistema subterrâneo composto por raízes de
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diferentes ordens e um xilopódio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a composição química do
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xilopódio e correlacioná -la com os dados das análises de solos. As análises de solos e da
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composição química do sistema subterrâneo foram feitas no Depto. Recursos Naturais- Área de
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Ciência do Solo/FCA.A análise estatítica constou de análise de variância conjunta dos valores
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obtidos. De forma geral, o solo apresentou-se ácido, com baixa quantidade de matéria orgânica;
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condições típicas de solos sob cerrado. Quanto aos nutrientes, constatou-se que o Fe contido
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no solo teve uma correlação positiva com o Al (r=0,30) e com o pH (r=0,08). O Fe do sistema
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subterrâneo teve correlação maior em relação ao Fe contído nas folhas (r=0,48). No solo o teor
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de Al apresentou correlação direta com o pH (r=0,9) e correlação negativa com o teor de Fe no
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sistema subterrâneo (r= - 0,21), ao passo que, o Mn apresentou correlação negativa com o Fe
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do sistema subterrâneo (r= -0.11) e positiva com o Al do solo (r=0,4).
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Palavras-chaves : Xilopódio, composição química, planta medicinal, caroba.
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ABSTRACT
Fe and Al of the soil and subterranean system of Jacaranda decurrens Cham.
Bignoniaceae.
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Jacarada decurrens has an underground system composed by roots of different types
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and xylopodium, which is special woody underground structure. The purpose of the study was
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to investigate the root system chemical composition of of the Fe and Al excess in the soil. With
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the chemical analysis data of the of soils it was verified that the tenor of Fe had positive
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correlation with Al (r=0,30) and with the pH (r=0,08). In the subterranean system this same
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micronutrient it had a positive correlation with the contained iron in the leaves (r=0,48). In
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relation to the Mn of the soil it had a negative correlation with the iron in the underground system
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(R=- 0.11) and positive with the aluminum of the soil (r=0,4). Therefore, as important as the
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excess or the deficiency are the interactions that exist between the nutrients of the soils and the
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envolved species among the species all this concerning the
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characteristics.
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Key words : xylopodium, chemical composition, medicinal plant.
and their
morphologic
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Bignoniaceae is “called the most important family of wood plants” and is essentially
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pantropical, although a few species reach the temperature zone, with 78% of the species
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occuring in the Neotropics. (Spangler, 1999).
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These herbaceous plants are native of tropical savannas (cerrados in Brazil) and they are
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the most important medicinal Jacaranda decurrens species (Bignoniaceae) and this specie has
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special root systems, the xylopodium (Rawistscher, 1946). The xylopodium is special type of
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woody underground structure, present in some plants growing in the Southern herbaceaus
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savannas of Brazil ( Apezzato-da-Glória, 2000). With the coming of rain, new buds spring from
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the upper parts of the subterranean organs ( Rizzini& Heringer, 1961).
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Among the factors limiting the growing of species in acid soils, aluminum (Al) has been
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identified as among the primary factors. Other nutrients in excess in the soil such as Fe +2 in
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solution, cause toxicity the plants (Gupta, 2001). In the present study investigated the root
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system caracterization and the composition of their cell and the excess the Al and Fe in the soil
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were investigated.
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
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The adults samples of Jacaranda decurrens were collected in Fazenda Campininha
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of Mogi-Guaçu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The characteristics were obtained with satellites
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signs portable receiver (Garmim Model Legendado - 79728002). The soils were collected from
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nine individuals simple samples. From these nine individuals place the analyses nutritionals of
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the and subterranean system of the soil close to each system were carried out. All the samples,
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from the subterranean system were analyzed in the Department of Soils of FCA/Unesp, and
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statistic method used was variance analyses. From each one of these individuals the rough-
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hewing and elimination of other vegetable species that grew to their circuit were carried out. The
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soil around of the underground system was removed with the due care trying not to harm the
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underground system of this species. A correlation analysis was done among the soil analyses
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results and of the nutritional composition of the underground system.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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As important as the excess or the deficiency are the interactions that exist between the
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nutrients of the soils and the species. The concentrations of metal micronutients in plants
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depended not only on soil properties but also on plant factors (Marschner,1995). With the soils
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of the analysis data soils it was verified that the average of Fe had a positive correlation with Al
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(r=0,30) and with the pH (r=0,08). The iron participates in the plant through the synthesis of
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proteins, lipids (disturbances in the structure and in the cloroplasts development), porfirin
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(inhibition in the chlorophyll formation, and inhibition in the photossynthetic electrons
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transportation through the inhibition in the home group formation according to Gupta (2001). In
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the underground system this same nutrient had a positive correlation with present iron in the
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leaves (r=0,48). Also in the leaves the Fe participates in the cloroplasts and in the senescence
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(Gupta, 2001). Regarding to the Al of the soil this had a direct correlation with the pH (r=0,9) and
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a negative correlation with the rate of Fe in the underground system (r = - 0,21). The Al is known
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as beging potential inhibitor of Ca uptake by roots (Huang et al. 1992). Al ions immediately
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inhibit not only the influx of K+, Ca
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of the plasma membrane protein, but also accelerate the efflux of K +, or phosphate ions across
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permeability of the plasma membrane lipid ( Ishikawa, 2001).
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2+
, Mg2+,or NO –3,by the binding of Al ions to the permeability
Concerning to the manganese of the soil it had a negative correlation with the iron in the
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underground system (r = -0.11) and positive with the aluminum of the soil (r=0,4). However,
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physiological investigation on Al tolerance using plant species differing widely in their genetic
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background may not be suitable because of the difference in many characteristics among plant
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species, and suggests that the rolls of cells in differences in Al tolerance betweewn cultivars
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were limeted (Ishikawa, 2001). It has been suggested that the binding of Al to the carboxyl
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groups in the pectic substances of the cell wall inhibits the apoplastic movement of water and
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nutrient and the metabolism of cell wall polysaccharides (Le Van et al. 1994). The nutritional
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difference from subterranean system and the soil can be influenced by the morphological
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changes and the difference of taxonomic, by enviromental pressures.
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LITERATURE CITED
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Appezzato-da-Glória, B.; Estelita, M.E. M. The development anatomy of the subterranean
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system in Mandevilla illustris (Vell.) Woodson and M. velutina(Mart. ex. Stadelm.) Woodson
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(Apocynaceae). Revista brasileira Botânica, São Paulo, v.23, n.1, p.27-35. 2000.
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Gupta, U.C. Micronutrientes e elementos tóxicos em plantas e animais. p.13-42. Micronutrientes
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e elementos tóxicos na agricultura. Jaboticabal, Ed.CNPq/ Fapesp/Potafos, 2001. 600p.
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Huang, J.W.; Shaff J.E. ; Grunes D.L. ; Kochain L.V. Aluminum effects on calcium fluxes at the
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root apex of aluminum- tolerant and aluminum-sensitive wheat cultivars. Plant Physiology, v.98,
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p. 230-237,1992.
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Ishikawa, S.; Wagatsuma, T.; Takano, T.; Tawaraya, K.; Oomata K. The plasma membrane
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intactness of root-tip cells is a primary factor for Al- tolerance in cultivars of Five Species. Soil
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Science Plant Nutrition, v.47, p.489- 501, 2001.
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Le Van, H. ; Kuraishi, S.; Sakurai, N. Alumin-induced rapid root inhibition and changes in cell-
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wall components of squash seedling. Plant Physiology, v.106, p.971-976, 1994.
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Marchesner, H. Mineral Nutrition of Higher plants. Academic Press. London. p.313-404.1995.
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Rizzini, C. T.; Heringer, E.P. Underground organs of plants from some Brazilian savannas, with
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special reference to the xylopodium. Phyton, v .17, p.105-124, 1961.
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Spangler, R. E.; Omlstead R.G. Phylogenetic analysis of Bignoniaceae based on the cpDNA
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gene sequences rbc L and ndhF. Annals Missouri Botany Garden, v.86, p.33-46, 1999.
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Acknowledgements :
We thank Fapesp- Biota for the financial assistance.