Phytotaxa 104 (1): 43–48 (2013)
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Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press
ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)
Article
PHYTOTAXA
ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.104.1.6
A new species of Passiflora subgenus Passiflora series Quadrangulares (Passifloraceae) from
the Brazilian Amazon
1,3
ANA KELLY KOCH, 2ANDRÉ LUIZ DE REZENDE CARDOSO & 2ANNA LUIZA ILKIU-BORGES
1
Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Núcleo de Pesquisa Orquidário Frederico Carlos Hoehne. Av. Miguel Estéfano, 3687, Água
Funda, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
2
Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Coordenação de Botânica. Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém-PA, Brazil.
3
Author for correspondence, email: [email protected]
Abstract
A new species of Passiflora is described from reforested post bauxite-mined area in the National Forest of SaracáTaquera in the Brazilian state of Pará. The species is illustrated and its affinities with related species are discussed, and a
key to the species of supersection Laurifoliae, series Quadrangulares is presented. The series Quadrangulares is
composed of four species that constitute a small complex of large-flowered and large-fruited passionflowers with 3–4angulate-winged stems that occurs naturally in the moist lowlands from Nicaragua to Brazil and French Guiana.
However, among the four species of the series, Passiflora trialata is closely related to the new species by the 3-angular
stems, the color and shape of sepals and petals, the 3-angular petioles and peduncles, and the single operculum.
Key words: Calha Norte, Eastern Amazon, Passiflora supersection Laurifoliae, Passionflower, Saracá-Taquera National
Forest
Introduction
Passiflora Linnaeus (1753: 955) is the largest genus of Passifloraceae with ca. 530 species. Its species vary
from lianescent herbs to trees and woody vines (Hansen 2006), which are distributed in large parts of the New
World from the southern and eastern United States and the West Indies to northern Chile and Argentina, with
a few species also occuring in Southeast Asia, Australia and Oceania (Ulmer & MacDougal 2004). In Brazil,
the genus is represented by 136 species (Cervi et al. 2012).
Taxonomic studies of Passiflora in the Amazon biome are scarce, except for the treatment of the family in
the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve in Manaus (Hopkins & Souza 1999), and the description of three new
species in recent years: Passiflora kikiana Cervi & Linsingen (2010: 1062), Passiflora cristalina Vanderplank
& Zappi (2011: 149), and Passiflora fissurosa M.A.D. Souza (in Souza & Hopkins 2011: 449).
A species collected in reforested areas after bauxite mining in the Saracá-Taquera National Forest, Pará
State, Brazil, could not be identified. It proved to be a new species which is described here.
Material and methods
The new species was collected in a six year old reforested area of Saracá-Taquera National Forest, Pará State,
in northeastern Brazilian Amazon. The material was prepared according to Fidalgo & Bononi (1989). The
description and illustrations are based on fertile material, the descriptive terminology was based on Killip
(1938), Cervi (1997), and Ulmer & MacDougal (2004). Collections of the herbaria IAN and MG were
consulted. Type specimens of the new species were deposited in MG and RB.
Accepted by Hans-Joachim Esser: 8 May 2013; published online in PDF: 29 May 2013
43
Taxonomy
Passiflora longifilamentosa A.K.Koch, A.Cardoso & Ilk.-Borg., sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2).
Passiflora longifilamentosa is closely related to Passiflora trialata, differing by oblanceolate stipules, elliptic to obovate
leaves, ovate to oval-lanceolate bracts, and a corona with seven series of stamens.
Type:—BRAZIL. Pará: Oriximiná, Saracá-Taquera National Forest, Platô Periquito, 150 m, 1º 37’ 43,6”S, 56º 26’
04,1”W, 01 January 2011, J.B.F. da Silva 3516 (holotype MG!, isotype RB!).
FIGURE 1. Passiflora longifilamentosa A.K.Koch, A.Cardoso & Ilk.-Borg. a) Habit; b) Bracts; c) Flower longitudinal section; d)
Detail of glands; e) Stipule; f) Fruit. Illustrated by João Silveira (from J.B.F. da Silva 3516, MG).
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KOCH ET AL.
FIGURE 2. Passiflora longifilamentosa A.K.Koch, A.Cardoso & Ilk.-Borg. a–b) Flower in nature; c) Detail of corona filaments; c)
Fruit in nature; d) Form of fruit; e) Cross section of fruit; f) Detail of pulp of fruit. (Photos by J.B.F. da Silva).
Plant a woody vine, glabrous. Stem sharply 3-angular, greenish-brown. Stipules oblanceolate, 1.3–2.5 × 0.2–
0.3 cm, brownish-green, margin entire, glands absent. Petioles sharply 3-angular, 2–2.5 cm long, greenishbrown, with two pairs of tubicular green glands, less than 1 mm diam., 1.5–2 cm from the petiole base. Leaf
blade elliptic to obovate, 13–14 × 6.4–6.6 cm, obtuse at base, margin entire, apex cuspidate, pinnately veined,
coriaceous, olive-green in both surfaces, nectaries absent. Tendrils weak to well-developed, greenish-brown.
PASSIFLORA LONGIFILAMENTOSA SP. NOV.
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Flowers solitary, from older parts of the plant, pendant, 3–7 cm diam.; peduncles 3-angular, 2.5–4 cm long,
greenish-brown; pedicels 3-angular, 0.8–1 cm long; bracts verticillate, ovate to ovate-triangular, 4.3–5 × 2–3.1
cm, greenish, margin entire, glands absent, free from the hypanthium, inserted 0.8–1 cm below the flower;
hypanthium campanulate, 1–1.5 cm long, glabrous, whitish-green; sepals oblong-lanceolate to triangular, 2–
4.5 × 1–2 cm, obtuse at base, rounded at apex, adaxial surface whitish-green, abaxial surface greenish-white
with purple spots; awn absent; petals oblong-lanceolate to triangular, 2–4 × 0.8–1.2 cm, obtuse at base,
rounded at apex, adaxial surface whitish-green with purple spots near the margin, abaxial surface greenishwhite with purple spots; corona with 7 series of filaments, the two outer series linear-hairy, slender, 3–6.5 cm
long, inclined, wavy and matted above the middle, yellowish-green near the base, 11–13 whitish and purple
banded, becoming white toward the apex, the third, fourth and fifth series equal, filaments stout, tubicular,
less than 1 mm long, inclined, yellowish-green, the sixth series of filaments stout, filiform, 2 mm long,
declined, greenish-yellow the innermost series exceeding the previous rank, filaments ligulate, slightly
flattened, free or sometimes united by a membrane to its half, declined, yellowish-green; operculum
membranaceous, declined, 3–5 mm long, margin entire, yellowish-green; trochlea present, yellowish-green,
0.5–1 cm beneath ovary, androgynophore 2–3.3 cm long, yellowish-green; staminal filaments 4–7 mm long,
greenish and slightly mottled with red-purple spots; ovary glabrous, yellowish-green, 6–8 mm long, 2–3 mm
diam.; styles 6–8 mm long including the stigmas. Mature fruits ovoid, ca. 12 cm long, 7 cm diam., greenishyellow; pulp whitish-orange, sweet; seeds black, 1 × 6 mm, 150–200 seeds per fruit.
Distribution and ecology:—This remarkable new species is known from a reforested area in eastern
Amazonian Brazil. The area of collection exhibits lateritic soil, 150–160 m elevation, and rainfall of 2300–
2800 mm per year. The species was also collected in lowland tropical rainforest of Saül in French Guiana as
Passiflora christianii Lorrain (2002: 18) (nom. inval., ICN Art. 39.1; McNeill et al. 2012), near an active gold
mine (Bouana 2002, Lorrain 2002). Passiflora longifilamentosa may be found in the original tropical
rainforest as scandent vine, blooming only when it reaches the canopy of large trees. The opening of favorable
environment provides high luminosity, which promotes the colonization of the new environment by this
pioneer species. Besides the type, flowers were observed in two other localities, Platô Aviso (reforested in
2002, 1º 45’ 56,2”S, 56º 28’ 55,7”W), and Platô Papagaio (reforested in 2001, 1º 35’ 59,3”S, 56º 23’ 45,9”W),
both in Saracá-Taquera National Forest, Pará; they proved to be populations of the new species.
Etymology:—The epithet refers to the length of the two outer filaments series of the corona.
Aditional specimen examined (paratype):—FRENCH GUIANA. Inini: Saül and vicinity, 3° 37’N,
53°12’W, 17 September 1994, S.A. Mori, C. Snyder & R. Fowler 23947 (paratype NY!)
Discussion
The new species belongs to Passiflora subgenus Passiflora, supersection Laurifoliae (Killip ex Cervi 1997:
22) Feuillet & MacDougal (2003: 38), series Quadrangulares Feuillet & MacDougal (2003: 38), together
with four other species.
Key to species of Passiflora series Quadrangulares
1.
2.
3.
4.
-
Stems 4-angular, bracts ovate, corona with 4–6 series of filaments ............................................................................. 2
Stems 3-angular, bracts ovate-triangular, corona with 7–12 series of filaments .......................................................... 4
Petioles with 2–8 glands ............................................................................................................................................... 3
Petioles with only 2 glands ........................................................................................................... Passiflora phoenicea
Stipules ovate or ovate-lanceolate, >1 cm wide, sepals not aristate ....................................Passiflora quadrangularis
Stipules linear-lanceolate, <1 cm wide, sepal aristate .......................................................................... Passiflora alata
Leaves ovate, stipules ovate to narrowly oblong-ovate, petioles with 2 glands, corona with 10–12 series of filaments
...........................................................................................................................................................Passiflora trialata
Leaves elliptic to obovate, stipules oblanceolate, petioles with 4 glands, corona with 7 series of filaments ................
...........................................................................................................................................Passiflora longifilamentosa
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KOCH ET AL.
Passiflora longifilamentosa is closely related to P. trialata Feuillet & MacDougal (1996: 351), as suggested
by the 3-angular stems, the color and shape of sepals and petals, the 3-angular petioles and peduncles, and the
single operculum. The new species differs however in the size and shape of stipules, petiole size, number and
shape of petiole glands, size and shape of leaves, diameter of flowers, size and shape of bracts and, mainly in
the number of corona series (Table 1). Passiflora longifilamentosa has oblanceolate stipules, elliptic to
obovate leaves, ovate to ovate-lanceolate bracts. In P. trialata stipules are ovate to oblong-ovate, leaves are
ovate, and bracts are ovate-triangular.
TABLE 1. Comparison of morphological characteristics between P. longifilamentosa and P. trialata.
Characters
Passiflora longifilamentosa
Passiflora trialata
Stipules size
1.3–1.5 × 0.2–0.3 cm
2.3–3.2 × 0.8–1.3 cm
2–2.5 cm
2.8–5 cm
2
1
13–14 × 6.4–6.6 cm
15–26.5 × 8.5–16 cm
3–7 cm
13–15 cm
2.5–4 cm
4–7 cm
4.3–5 × 2–3.1 cm
7–8.5 × 4.4–6.5 cm
Leaves
Petiole length
Number of petiole gland pairs
Lamina size
Flower
Diameter
Peduncle length
Bracts size
Sepals size
2–4.5 × 1–2 cm
4.4–6 × 1.8–2.5 cm
Petals size
2–4 × 0.8–1.2 cm
4.5–6.1 x 1.3–1.7 cm
Number of corona series
7
10–12
Outer series length
6.5–8 cm
5.5–8 cm
6–8 × 2–3 mm
11–13 × 5–6 mm
Staminal filaments length
4–7 mm
2.8–3.2 mm
Style with stigma length
6–8 mm
8–9 mm
Ovary size
Passiflora trialata is placed in the series Quadrangulares together with P. alata Curtis (1788: 66), P.
quadrangularis Linnaeus (1759: 1248), and P. phoenicea Lindley (1833: 1603). Those four species constitute
a small complex of large-flowered and large-fruited passionflowers with 3–4-angulate-winged stems that
ranges from moist lowlands in Nicaragua to Brazil and French Guiana (Feuillet & MacDougal 1996).
Passiflora alata differs from P. longifilamentosa by its 4-angular stems, linear-lanceolate to ovatelanceolate stipules, 1–2 or occasionally 3 pairs of petiolar glands at and above the middle, ovate leaves,
aristate sepals, red flowers and violet and white corona with 4–6 filament series.
P. quandrangularis can be distinguished from P. longifilamentosa by having 4-angular winged stems,
ovate to ovate-lanceolate stipules, petioles with 2–8 large mostly paired glands, ovate leaves, cordate-ovate
bracts with margins entire or serrate near the base, pinkish flowers, purple, violet and white corona with 5–6
filament series.
Originating from eastern Peru, Passiflora phoenicea can be differentiated from P. longifilamentosa in the
4-angular winged stems, ovate stipules with entire or slightly serrate margin, petioles with two large and
bright yellow glands near the apex, ovate leaves, ovate bracts with glandular serrate margin, purple-red
flowers, violet and white corona with 5–6 filament series.
After examining the photos and description of Passiflora christianii collected from northeast of Saül
(Bouana 2002), we could confirm that it is P. longifilamentosa.
Conservation status:—Data Deficient (DD) according to IUCN (2012). The species is known from a
conservation unit in Brazil, which belongs to a mosaic of state and national conservation units of about 12
million hectares (Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação da Calha Norte). In French Guiana, it occurs in a
largely untouched, poorly explored area.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank João Batista Fernandes da Silva (STCP Engenharia e Projetos and Mineração
Rio do Norte) for providing the type material. We are grateful to Dr. John MacDougal (Missouri Botanical
Garden) for kindly sending a copy of the paper of Passiflora christianii; Dr. John Vanderplank (National
Collection of Passiflora, UK) for providing valuable discussions on the new species; and Dr. Yero Kuethe
(Passiflora International Project) for firstly indicating the invalidation of Passiflora christianii. The first and
second authors thank the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) for the PCI
fellowship.
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