Five new species of Smicridea McLachlan
1
(Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae) from Brazil
Gisele L. de Almeida 2
Oliver S. Flint Jr. 3
ABSTRACT. Five new species of SlIlicridea McLachlan, 197 1, are described and
illustrated for specimens collected during entomological in ventories in the states of
Espfrito Santo, Goias, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Parana (Brazil). Four of these
new species belong to the subgenus Rhyacophyhu' MUlier, 1879: S. (R.Jji'oehlichi, S.
(R.J jUl/diai. S. (R.) mallgaratiba, S.( R.) ra/phi, and one to the subgenus Smicridea
McLachlan, 187 1: S. (S.) lIlimae .
KEY WORDS . Trichoptera, Smicridea , new species, Brazil, in ventory
Smicridea McLach lan, 1871 , is the most diverse and abund ant genu s so
far recognized in the family Hydropsychidae, with more than 160 spec ies described for the Neotropics (FLINT et al. 1999). This is the onl y genus of the subfam il y
Hydropsychinae occ urrin g in South America (FLI NT 1974), where still exists a
scarcity of inventories of aq uati c insects, and in parti cul ar, of Trichoptera (FLINT
1971,1978, 1992; OLIVEIRA & FROEHLICH 1997 ; ALMEIDA & MAR/NONI 2000;
MAR/NONI & ALMEIDA 2000). T he genus Smicridea compri ses two subgenera,
Smicridea MacLchlan, 187 1, and Rhyacophylax MUll er, 1879 , whi ch have been
the subject of some studies in the Neotropics (FLI T 1967 , 1972, 1974, 1978 ,
1981 , 1983, 1989 , 1991 ; FLINT & DE /NG 1989; BLAH IK 1995 ; HOLZE 'THAL
& BLAHNIK 1995 ).
Before the present paper, 30 described species of Smicridea had been
recorded for Brazil (FLINT et al. 1999; MARi aN I & ALMEIDA 2000). 1n this
contribution , five new species are described , four of these spec ies bel onging to the
subgenus Rhyacophylax and one to the subgenus Smicridea: Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) froehlichi , Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) jundiai, Smicridea (Rhyacophylax)
mangaratiba, Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) ralphi and Smicridea (Smicridea) mirnae.
These species were collected during entomological in ventories in the states of
Espfrito Santo, Goias, Ri o de Janeiro, Sao Paul o and Parana. Specimens from
southern Brazil were obtained after the entomolog ical inventory, called PROFAUPAR (Projeto de Levantamento da Fauna Entomol6gica no Estado do Parana),
1) Contribution number 1343 of th e Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do
Parana.
2) Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Cai xa Postal 19020,
81531-980 Curitiba, Parana, Brasil. Fellowship from CAPES .
E-mail: [email protected]
3) National Museum of Natural History, Department of Systematic Biology , Section of
Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, 20560, Washington , DC, USA.
E-mail: flint.oliver@ nmnh .si.edu
Revta bras. Zool. 19 (3): 767 - 775, 2002
Almeida & Flint
768
conduc ted by research scientists of the Departa me nto de Zoo log ia, Uni vers idade
Federal do Parana (see detail s in M ARI NON I & DUTRA 1993). A ll materi al of th e
PROFAUPAR inventory is preserved in 70% ethanol.
Holotypes and paratypes are deposited, as stated in the descriptions, in the
collecti ons of the National Museum of Natural Hi story, Smithsoni an Ins ti tuti o n,
W as hington, DC , US A (NMNH), Colelfao de E ntomologia Padre Jesus Santiago
M oure, Departame nto de Zoo logia, Universidade Fede ral do Parana, C uritiba,
Braz il (DZUP), and Museu de Zoo logia, Uni ve rsidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paul o,
Brazi l (MZUSP).
Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) froehlichi sp. nov.
Fig. 1a-d
T hi s is a very dist inc t spec ies, based on the structure of the phallus and not
appare ntl y c losely related to any other kno wn spec ies in the subgenus. T he very
broad basa l secti on of the phallus, the pointed, apicolate ral lobes and lac k of
apicomesal process but w ith long, sle nder more basal processes in the phallus give
a most distin cti ve appearance.
Male. Length of forewing 6.0-7.0 mm . Color overall yell ow ish brown; forewing with light bro wn marks along chord , over radial and th yridi al nyg mas, base of
costal margin , and pterostigma, apex of wing with sli ghtly dark subterminal band.
Sternum V in male with anterolateral glandul ar process slightl y longer than stern um.
Genitali a as in fig ure I a-d . Segment IX with anterolateral margin prod uced into a large,
rounded lobe, dorsomesally with a small prominence bearing spicules, ventromesal
margin pOinted . Tergum X, in lateral view, with tip rounded ; setose apicodorsally;
venlro lateral margi n of X strongly sci eroti zed; apex of X di vided to about half- length
of terg um. In ferior appendages two-segmented; basal segment long, sli ghtl y inflated
mesally, covered with setae; api cal segment short, apex slightly enlarged in dol' al
view. Phallus tubular, basal section very enlarged and meeti ng apical section at about
7SO; apex of phallus with a pair of pointed lateral processes; intern al processes long,
slender, and displ aced basad; do rsal peri phallic membranes absent.
Female. Le ngth of fo rewing 4.0-7 .3 mm . Co lor and structure s imil ar to male.
Genitali a typi cal fo r genus.
Type material. Holotype male. BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro: Km 17 , 18 km S. of
Teresopoli s, I 180 m, 18- 19 .IY.1 977 , C.M . & O .S. Flint Jr. leg. (MZU SP). Paratype :
same da ta as holotype, 18 males, 10 females (DZUP, NMNH, MZUSP); Goias:
C hapada dos Veadeiros, 18-24 km , N. of Alto Parafso, 1400- 1500 m, 2-5 .x. 1985, S.E.
Mill er leg., 3 males, 1 female (NMNH); A lto Parafso, 1300 m, 10.II. 1996, V.O . Becker
leg.,3 males, 2 fe males (NMNH); 30.Y.1 994, V.O . Becker & K.S. Sattl er leg. , I fema le
(NMNH); Rio de Janeiro: Mangaratiba, 150 m, 20.1.1 993, V.O . Becker leg., 3 males,
3 females (NMNH); Nova Friburgo, municipal water supply, 950 m, 20.IV. 1977,C.M .
& O .S. Flint Jr. leg., 2 males, I female; 24.IV .1 977 , 4 males, 5 fem ales (NMN H);
Nova Friburgo, 800 m, 22.1.I993, V.O. Becker leg., 2 males, 2 females (NM NH);
Nova Friburgo, 600 m, 10.IlI. 1993, V.O. Becker leg., 9 males, 2 fem ales (NMNH);
Km 54, 26 km E. of Nova Friburgo, 4 10 m, 19.IV. 1977 , C.M . & O .S. FlintJr.leg. , 16
Revta bras. Zool. 19 (3) : 767 - 775, 2002
769
Five new species of Smicridea from Brazil
males, 6 femal es (DZUP, NMNH, MZUSP); 25.IV. 1977 , 7 males, 4 females (NMNH);
Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Represa d os Ciganos, 07.IY. 1977 , CM.
& O.S. Flint Jr. leg. , 2 males, 2 females (NMNH).
Etymology . T he species is named fo r Dr. Cl audi o G. Froehlich for hi s
outstand ing contributions to the knowledge o f Neotropical Plecoptera and aquatic
insects in general.
A
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~
__----__ ~~'~.='--
0
1
Fig. 1. Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) froehlichi sp. nov., male genitalia: (A) segments IX, X, lateral ,
and inferior appendage ; (8 ) same , dorsal ; (e ) phallus, lateral; (0 ) apex of same , ventral.
Smicridea (Rhyacophy/ax) jundiai sp. nov.
Fig . 2a- d
The simil ar appearance of the internal processes of the phallus shows a
re lationship to S. (R. ) pallidivittata Fli nt, 1972. However, the api colateral lobes of
the ph all us, very apparent in dorsal view , are totall y lacking in S. (R.) pallidiv ittata.
Male. Length o f fo rew ing 4.0-4.5 mm . Color overall pale brown; forew ing
with dark marks alon g chord and over radi al and thyridi al nyg mas , apex of wing
with a subtermi nal band of pale setae, bordered basa lly and apicall y by bands of
slightly darker setae. Sternum V in male with anterolateral glandul ar process sli ghtl y
shorter than sternu m. Genitali a as in figure 2a-d. Segment IX with anterolateral
margin moderately produced, dorsomesall y bearin g small spicu les. Tergum X , in
lateral view , with tip e longate, rounded , slightly upturned ; setose apicodorsally;
ventrolateral margi n of X strong ly scleroti zed; apex of X di vided to abo ut halfRevta bras. Zool. 19 (3): 767 - 775, 2002
Almeida & Flint
770
lengt h of tergum . Inferi or appendages two-segmented; basal segme nt long, parall el
sided , covered with etae, ap ical setae longest; ap ical segment short, apex ro unded
in dorsa l and lateral view. Phallus tubul ar, basal section moderately en larged and
meeting apica l section at about 120°; apex without process ; interna l processes of the
pha llus sclerous, in late ral view, sli ghtl y upturned ex ternally , seta-like mesal process
and lateral process sinuate, in dorsa l and ventral view ; dorsal peripha llic membranes
absent.
Female. Length of forewi ng 3.6-4.2 mm. Color and structure simi lar to mal e.
Genitali a typical for genus.
Type materi al. Ho lotype male. BRAZIL: Espfl'ito Santo: 15 km SE. of Santa
Teresa, Fazend a Santa Clara, 460 m, 22.1V. 1977 , C.M . & 0.5. Flin t Jr. leg.
(MZUSP) . Paratypcs: same data as ho lotype, 7 ma les , 9 fema les (DZUP, NMNH);
Rio de Jan eiro: Km 54, 26 km E. of Nova Friburgo, 410 m, 19 .1V .1977, C.M. &
0 .5 . Flint Jr. leg., 14 males, 10 fe males (DZUP, NMNH, MZUSP); 25.JV.1977, 1
ma le, 4 fe ma les (NMNH); Municipio Ri o Claro, Ri o Piraf, 09.IV .1 977, C.M. &
0.5. Flint Jr.leg., 2 ma les (NMNH); Parana: lundi a f do SuI , Fazenda M onte Verde,
23°26'5, 500 16'W, 500 m , 20.X. 1987, PROFAUPAR-l ampada, I ma le; 2 1.X. 1987 ,
I ma le; 23.XI.I 987, I male; 17.II.1988, I male (DZUP); Tele maco Borba, Reserva
Samuel Klabin , 24°17'5 , 500 37'W, 750 m, 04.X. 1986, PROFAUPA R- Iampada, 2
male (NM H) ; 02.XI. 1986, 3 males; 0 1.1.I987 , I ma le; 27.1.1987 , I male;
19.xI.1987 , 2 males; 20.X1.1 987 , 3 males (DZUP); 22.xI. 1987, 20 mal es (DZUP,
NMNH); 18.1 . 1988 , 5 ma les; 20.1.1988 , 3 mal es; 21.I. 1988 , 3 ma les; 19.TT. 1988 , 2
males ; 18.IV. 1988, I male (DZUP); Ponta Grossa, Reserva IAPAR, BR 376,
25°14' 5 , 500 03' W , 880 m, 3 1.X. 1986, PROFAUPA R-I ampada, I male ; 27.1.1 987 ,
12 males ; 28 .1.1 987 , 3 males ; 3 1.1.1 987, I ma le ( DZUP); Antonina, Reserva de
Sapitanduva, 2S028'S , 48°50 ' W, 60 m , 27. VIII.1987 , PROFAUPAR-lampada, I
mal e (DZUP).
Etymo logy . The spec ies is named for the loca lity of lundi af where paratype
pecimens were co ll ected.
Smicridea (Rhyacophy/ax) mangaratiba sp. nov.
Fig.3a-d
Thi spec ies would appear to be most closely related to S. ( R. ) ralphi , new
species, on the basis of the shared apo morph y of the ap ically upturned , mesal,
internal process of the phall us. T hey are most easi ly dist ingui shed by the details of
the hape of th is process: in S. (R.) mangarafiba it is narrower and mo re thread- li ke
with thc apex not po inted and rec urved.
Male. Length of forew ing 4. 1 mm. Co lor overall pale yell ow ish brown;
anten nae with flagellomeres dark brown ap icall y; head and thorax wi th golden setae
dorsomesally and li ght brown setae laterall y; legs pale yellowish brown with setae
dark brown ; forewing brown beyo nd anas to mos is w ith dark marks a lo ng c hord and
over radial and th yridi a l nyg mas, apex of wing with darker setae and, bo rdered
basall y by a band of pale setae. Stern um V in ma le with antero latera l gland ul ar
process about one and one-half times le ngth of sternum . Genitalia as in figure 3a-d .
Revta bras. Zool. 19 (3): 767 - 775, 2002
Fi ve new species of Smicridea from Brazil
771
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- --
"F-::~~:':':';'...
.... __ .-'--.-:.-
;
~ - - -- - - ---.
2
Fig . 2. Smicridea (Rhyacophy/ax) jundiai sp. nov. , male genitalia: (A) segments IX, X, lateral,
and inferior appendage ; (8 ) same , dorsal ; (C) phallus, lateral ; (D) apex of same , ventral.
3
Fig . 3. Smicridea (Rhyacophy/ax) mangaratiba sp. nov., male genitalia: (A) segments IX, X,
lateral, and inferior appendage; (8 ) same , dorsal ; (C) phallus, lateral ; (D) apex of sam e, ve ntral.
Revta bras. Zoo I. 19 (3): 767 - 775, 2002
Almeida & Flint
772
Segment IX with anterol ateral margin produced into a ro unded lobe, dorsomesall y
bearin g small spi cules. Tergum X , in lateral view, with tip rounded ; setose apicodo rsall y; ve ntrolateral margin of X strongly sclerotized; apex of X divided to about
half-l ength of tergum. Inferi or appendages two-segmented; basal segme nt long,
slightl y innated preapically, covered with setae; apical segment sho rt, apex ac ute.
Phallu tubular, basal secti o n e nlarged and meeting apica l section at abo ut 90°; apex
without process; api ca l, inte rnal processes sclerous, s lender and si nuate, covered
with semime mbranous sac, basal internal process sclerous and ovo id in late ral view ;
dorsal periphallic membranes absent.
Female. Length of fo rew ing 4.5 mm . Color and structure s imil ar to male.
Ge nitali a typical for genus.
Type mate rial. H olotype male. BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro: Man garatiba, 150
m, 20.1.1993, V.O . Becker leg. (MZUSP). Paratypes: same data as holotype, 2
males, I female (NMNH).
Etymology. T he spec ies is named for the type locality.
Smicridea (Rhyacophy/ax) ra/phi sp. nov.
Fig . 4a-d
This new spec ies and the S. (R.J mangaratiha, new species, appear to be
clo ely related . Smicridea (R.) ralphi is most easi ly recognized by the shape of the
mesal, internal process of the phall us that is curled dorsad with its tip po inted .
Male. Length of fo rewing 4.5-4.8 mm . Color overall pale yell ow i h brown;
forew ing with dark marks along chord and over radial and th yridial nyg mas, apex
of wing with darker setae and dark subtermina l band . Stern um V in male with
ante ro lateral gla ndul ar process s li ghtl y longer th an ste rnum . Genitalia as in figure
4a-d. Segme nt IX with an tero late ral margin sli ghtl y produced, dorsomesally bearin g
small spic ules. Tergum X, in lateral view , with tip ro unded , sli ghtl y upturned ; seto e
apicodorsally; ve ntrolateral margin of X stro ngly sc leroti zed ; apex of X divided to
about half- le ngth of terg um. Inferio r appendages two-segmented ; basal segme nt
long, parall el sided, covered with setae, apical setae longest; apical segme nt short,
apex rounded in dorsal and lateral view. Phallus tub ular, basal secti o n enl arged and
meetin g api cal section at about 90°; apex without process; mesal, internal process
o f the ph allus sc lero us and upt urned externall y with tip pointed , ventrall y covered
with me mbrane, lateral process sinuate; dorsal pe riphallic me mbranes abse nt.
Female. Le ngth of forewing 4.5-4.7 mm. Color similar to male with an
add iti onal band of li ght setae bordered basall y the dark subterminal band. Genitalia
typical for genus.
Type materi al. Holotype male. BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro: Km 54,26 km E. of
Nova Friburgo, 4 10 m, 19 .1V.1977, eM. & O.S. Flint Jr.leg. (MZUSP). P aratype :
arne data as holotype, 15 males, 14 fema les (DZUP, NMNH, MZUSP); 25 .lV .
1977 , 7 males, 7 females (NMNH); Espirito Santo : 15 km SE. of Santa Teresa,
Fazend a Santa Clara, 460 m, 22 .IV. 1977 , eM . & O .S. Fli nt Jr. leg., 9 males , 6
female (NM H ); Sao Paulo: Sal es6polis (Estac;:ao Bi o l6g ica Boraceia, Ribeirao
Coruj a) , 850 m, 02 .lV. 1977, e M . & O.s. FlintJr.leg. , I male, 2 females ( MNH);
Revta bras. Zoof. 19 (3): 767 - 775, 2002
773
Five new species of Smicridea from Brazil
Parana: Guarapuava, Estancia Ag ua Santa Clara, 25°40'5, 52°01 'w, 740 m,
25.II. 1987, PROFAUPAR-I ampada, 1 male; 25.IY.1987 I male (DZUP); Ponta
Grossa, Reserva IAPAR, BR 376, 25° 14'5, 50 0 03'W, 880 m, 02.xII.1986, PROFAUPAR-I ampada, I male (DZUP); 27.1.1987, 1 male (DZUP); 28 .1.1 987 , 25
males (DZUP , NMNH); Antonina, Reserva de Sapitanduva, 25"28 ' 5 , 48°50'W , 60
m, 0 1.xII. 1986, PROFAUPAR-I ampada, I male; 29. 111.1987 , 1 male; 27.VII .1987 ,
I male; 19.xII. 1987, 1 male (DZUP).
Etymology. Thi s species is named with gratitude and affection for Dr. Ralph
W . Ho lzenthal, a Trichoptera speciali st at the Uni versity of Minnesota, MN, USA.
A
..:. .
--
~
........
........
_-.-
D
4
Fig . 4. Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) ralphi sp. nov. , male genitalia: (A) segments IX, X, lateral,
and inferior appendage ; (8 ) same , dorsal ; (e) phallus, lateral; (0 ) apex of same ventral.
Smicridea (Smicridea) mirnae sp. nov.
Fig. Sa-d
This new species is another member of the nigripennis group of FLINT
( 1974). Smicridea (S.) mirnae, new species, appears to be closesllo S (S ) latipala
and S. (S) pipila in the apicoventrall obe of the phallus, and also resembl es S. (S)
pipila in the shape of tergum X, in dorsal view. The new species is distingui shed
fro m the other species in the detai ls of the phalli c structure, especially the presence
of seven small , internal spines.
Male. Length of forewi ng 4.0-4.5 mm . Color in alco hol, pale brown. Genitali a as in figure 5a-d . Segment IX with anterolateral margin produced into a rounded
lobe, dorsomesall y with small spi cul es. Tergum X, in lateral view, with tip upturn ed,
Revta bras. Zoo I. 19 (3): 767 - 775, 2002
Almeida & Flint
774
c
5
Fig . 5. Smicridea (Smicridea) mimae sp. nov. , male genitalia: (A) se gments IX, X, lateral, and
inferior appendage ; (8) same, dorsal ; (C) phallus, lateral; (D) apex of same , ventral.
bearing tin y setae; apicodorsally setose; ventrolateral marg in of X strongly sclerotized ; in dorsal view, apex truncate and separated. In ferior appendages two-segmented; basal segment long, infl ated preapically, covered with setae; api cal segment
elongate, apex ac ute. Phallus enlarged basally, open apicall y; apex with ventral lobe
entire, produced into a single scoop-shaped lobe, with lateral margin sli ghtl y
truncate; internall y with seven li ghtl y scleroti zed spines.
Female. Unknown.
Type materi al. Holotype male. B RAZIL, Parana: l undiaf do S ui , Fazenda
M onte Verde, 23°26' S , Soo I6' W , SOO m, 2S.Il. 1987, PROFAUPAR-Iampada
(DZ UP). Paraty pes: same data as holotype, 20 .X. 1987 , I male; 24. X. 1987 , I male;
19. 1.1 988, I male; 17.II.1 988, 1 male; 16.III . 1988, 1 male (DZUP); Telemaco
Borba, Reserva Samuel Kl abin , 24° 17' S , So037'W , 7S0 m, 19.I.l 988, PROFAUPAR-lampada, I male (NMNH); 16. II. 1988 , 1 ma le (DZUP ).
Etymology. T hi s spec ies is named with gratitude and affecti on fo r Dr. Mi rna
Martins Casagrande, a Lepid optera spec iali st of the Departamento de Zoologia,
Uni versid ade Federal do Parana (Curitiba, Brazil ), who stro ngly supported the very
first inclination o f the seni or author (GLA) to the s tud y of aquatic insects.
AC K OWLE DGME TS. We are gratefu l to Marcelo Duarte for his suggestions and comments o n the manuscript. The senio r author is also grateful to the Brazil ian Federal Agency
CA PES or its fin ancial support during her graduate progra m in e ntomology at the Universidade
Federal do Parana and Nati onal Museum of Natural Hi story, Smi thsoni an Instituti on (Process
BEX 0386/0 1-4).
Revta bras. Zool. 19 (3): 767 - 775,2002
775
Five new species of Smicridea from Brazil
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Southeastern Brazil. Naturali a , Ri o Claro, 22: 183- 197.
Received in 13.V.2002: accepted in 31 .VI1.2002.
Revta bras. Zool. 19 (3): 767 - 775, 2002