52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Prevalência e perdas econômicas das condenações de carcaças do abate de bovinos no município de
Tailândia, Estado do Pará1
Gerlane Nunes Noronha2, José de Brito Lourenço Júnior3, Marcos Antônio Souza dos Santos4, Lilaine Sousa
Neres5, Geisielly Sousa Araújo6, Juliana Cristina de Castro Budel7
Part of the master’s degree dissertation of the first author
Master’s Degree candidate of the Graduate Program in Animal Science, UFPA, Belém, PA, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected]
2
Professor of the Graduate Program in Animal Science, UFPA, Belém, PA, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected]
4
Professor of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon – UFRA, Belém, Pará, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected]
5
Master’s Degree candidate of the Graduate Program in Animal Science, UFPA, Belém, PA, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected]
6
Master’s Degree candidate of the Graduate Program in Animal Science, UFPA, Belém, PA, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected]
7
Master’s Degree candidate of the Graduate Program in Animal Science, UFPA, Belém, PA, Brazil, e-mail: [email protected]
1
2
Resumo: Consideráveis quantidades de órgãos e carcaças bovinas ou partes delas são condenadas por diversas
causas, nos frigoríficos. Este trabalho visa avaliar a prevalência das principais patologias encontradas e mensurar as
perdas econômicas geradas, em matadouro frigorífico no município de Tailândia, Pará, durante o período de
março/2010 a outubro/2014, onde foram abatidos 55.169 animais. Observou-se que a isquemia foi a lesão mais
frequente (41,86%) e os órgãos mais condenados foram pulmões (48,75%), rins (41,66%) e fígado (3,61%), com
prejuízos de R$ 55.610,17 (6,8%). Tuberculose, com prevalência de 0,79% e prejuízo de R$ 584.082,88 (3%) foi a
principal condenação de carcaças. O controle da tuberculose bovina pode começar na produção, com exames na
fazenda, como preconiza o Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose Animal PNCEBT, o que aumenta o controle da doença e minimiza as condenações e perdas econômicas no abate.
Palavras–chave: lesões, prejuízo financeiro, tuberculose bovina
Prevalence and economic losses of carcass condemnations in the slaughter of bovines in the city of Tailândia,
PA, Brazil
Abstract: Considerable amounts of organs and partial or full carcasses are condemned for several reasons in
refrigerated slaughterhouses. This study aims to asses the prevalence of the main pathologies found and measure the
economic losses in a refrigerated slaughterhouse in the city of Tailândia, PA, Brazil, between March 2010 and
October 2014, when 55,169 animals were slaughtered. Ischemia was the most prevalent lesion (41.86%) and the
most often condemned organs were lungs (48.75%), kidneys (41.66%), and liver (3.61%), with losses amounting to
BRL 55,610.17 (6.8%). Tuberculosis, with a prevalence of 0.79% and losses of BRL 584,082.88 (3%), was the
main reason for carcass condemnation. The control of bovine tuberculosis can begin during production with exams
in the farm as recommended by the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Animal
Tuberculosis – PNCEBT, which increases disease control and minimizes condemnations and economic losses at
slaughter.
Keywords: bovine tuberculosis, financial loss, lesions
Introduction
Brazil has been the largest meat producer and exporter worldwide since 2008. Since it represents a large
share of the Brazilian agribusiness, sanitary hygiene of the processing environment and the meat product is a key
factor to meet the requirements of the importing markets (BRASIL, 2014). The measures adopted to protect the
health of consumers of animal-origin products basically involve ante mortem and post mortem inspection, adoption
of hygienic procedures in meat processing, proper storage, transportation in refrigerated trucks, and marketing of
the refrigerated meat. This process is called sanitary inspection and, when the organs and carcasses do not meet the
normality criteria, they may be condemned, which causes direct economic losses to the industry and producers.
Thus, this study aims to identify and analyze the main causes of condemnation in the refrigerated slaughterhouse in
Tailândia, PA, Brazil, quantify the economic losses from it, and propose possible solutions to minimize these
losses.
Material and Methods
This study was carried out in the refrigerated slaughterhouse of Tailândia (2°56’44”S/48°57’14”W, 4,430
km2) in the Northeast Mesoregion of the state of Pará, whose bovine herd has about 90 thousand animals and is
controlled by the Agriculture and Livestock Defense Agency of Pará (ADEPARÁ). This area is considered free of
foot-and-mouth disease. The refrigerated slaughterhouse, capable of processing 60 animals per day, is supervised
by the Municipal Inspection Service – SIM. A quantitative research was adopted with the analysis of primary data
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
through spreadsheets of slaughter and condemnation of bovine carcasses and viscera between March 2010 and
October 2014, as well as a survey of the economic losses of condemned pieces and valuing of the marketed meat
and organs. The secondary data were collected through literature research. During the research period, 55,169
bovines were slaughtered. The causes of lesions in viscera and carcasses were quantified and the prevalence of
condemnations and economic losses were calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (5%
probability) were employed to verify seasonality in the number of animals slaughtered and the monthly percentage
of slaughters. The calculation of the economic losses considered the sum of the condemned pieces multiplied by the
production cost. Statistical analyses were performed and the means were compared through Tukey’s test (5%) using
the software SPSS version 20.0
Results and Discussion
Between March 2010 and October 2014, 55,169 animals, both male and female, were slaughtered.
December was the month with the highest number of slaughters with a total of 1,093 heads (Table 1). The growing
number of slaughters along the year is due to the increase in consumption caused by the holiday season and
festivities in the second semester, such as the agricultural and livestock fair in September, Christmas, New Year,
and the increase in purchasing power with the thirteenth salary in December (9.24%). ANOVA showed significant
seasonality in the number of animals slaughtered (F = 2.611) and in the monthly rate of slaughter (F = 7.952) at a
5% level.
Table 1. Animals slaughtered between March 2010 and October 2014.
Month
No. months
Heads
Percentage (%)
January
4
3.720
7.87
930
Standard
deviation
50
February
4
3.670
7.76
918
48
5.40
March
5
4.828
8.17
966
19
2.02
April
5
4.415
7.47
883
7
0.82
May
5
4.882
8.26
976
27
2.84
June
5
4.877
8.25
975
29
3.03
July
5
5.010
8.47
1.002
15
1.53
August
5
5.025
8.50
1.005
26
2.67
September
5
5.088
8.61
1.018
36
3.57
Mean
CV (%)
5.57
October
5
5.232
8.85
1.046
60
5.93
November
4
4.051
8.56
1.013
80
8.14
December
4
4.371
9.24
1.093
43
4.07
55.169
100.00%
-
-
Total
56
*CV – Coefficient of variation.
11.824
The females were prevalent in the slaughter at 92.28% and most animals were adults above 36 months of age
(81.32%). Most times, this occurs because the producer sells animals for disposal to be slaughtered, besides to
lower cost to merchants. Nevertheless, this deal can represent a loss since old animals usually have lower yield.
Ischemia was the main pathology leading to condemnation at over six thousand pieces, or 41.86%.
However, this disease has little economic significance at BRL 15,185.98 or 1.86% of the total losses since most of
these condemnations are of kidneys, which have little commercial value. Lungs, kidneys, and liver had the highest
condemnation rates at 48.75%, 41.66%, and 3.61%, respectively, with economic losses of BRL 27,536.64 (3.37%)
for lungs, mostly for lung emphysema, and BRL 25,928.73 (3.17%) for the liver, most often for teleangiectasia.
Tuberculosis was the disease that caused the largest economic loss for both producers and the refrigerated
slaughterhouse since most condemned pieces are quarter carcasses or whole carcasses, i.e., the most valued and
most consumed pieces, with financial loss of BRL 584,082.88, or a prevalence of 0.79%. Adenitis was the
pathology that caused the second largest economic loss, with 25.90% or BRL 336,000.00. Another cause of
condemnation was injuries (0.23%), which can be easily controlled with proper handling and still causes great
financial losses, at BRL 48,328.66 between March 2010 and October 2014. Other kidney diseases such as
uronephrosis, nephritis, and kidney stones represented insignificant losses. It was seen that the condemnation rates
of organs and carcasses were not seasonal over the researched period (F = 0.131 and F = 0.330, respectively, non_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
significant). Over the research period, a larger number of condemnations was observed in the first three years both
of carcasses and organs, which led to higher economic losses (Table 2). The year 2012 stands out with 120
carcasses and over 4,000 organs condemned for a total loss of BRL 220,584.86, which impacted producers and the
refrigerated slaughterhouse, but in 2013 these values dropped by half. The prevalence of carcass condemnations is
of 3.51% of the total, while the prevalence of organs was 96.46%, with the larger non-profitable share (92.48%)
since they include the noble and most sought-after cuts.
Table 2. Amount and value of economic losses of the condemnations of organs and carcasses between March 2010
and October 2014.
Carcass
Organ
Total
Year
Economic loss
Economic loss
Economic loss
Number
Number
Number
(BRL )
(BRL )
(BRL )
2010
106.00
155.080.65
3.119.00
18,015.32
3,225.00
173,095.97
2011
120.00
175.563.00
3.671.00
19,086.48
3,791.00
194,649.48
2012
142.00
207.749.55
4.054.00
12,835.31
4,196.00
220,584.86
2013
83.50
122.162.59
2.076.00
7,035.57
2,159.50
129,198.16
2014
65.00
95.096.63
1.272.00
4,486.63
1,337.00
99,583.26
Total
516.50
755.652.41
14.192.00
61,459.31
14,708.50
817,111.72
3.51
92.48
96.49
7.52
100.00
100.00
(%)
The main cause of condemnations was ischemia, with over 6,000 pieces. Lungs and liver caused the largest
economic losses (BRL 53,465.37). The main lesion identified in the condemned carcasses was tuberculosis, with
0.79% prevalence. Tuberculosis is a bacterial zoonosis that can be controlled and diagnosed in the field and has
great economic relevance when it condemns carcasses, besides causing losses of 10% to 25% in the reproductive
efficiency of the infected animals. In Brazil, there are no up-to-date official publications of epidemiological
investigations on the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis, however, the latest estimate indicate a mean nationwide
prevalence of 1.3% of the animals reagent to tuberculin between 1989 and 1998 (BRASIL, 2006). Besides financial
losses, tuberculosis leads to public health damages. Although the main product in a refrigerated slaughterhouse is
the meat of the hindquarter and forequarter, the organs are an important source of income, hence condemnations
lead to direct losses to the company and indirect losses to the producer since the animals with compromised organs
will not have the same productive and economic performance as the healthy ones. The economic losses as raw
revenue, of 1.28%, 1.17%, 1.30%, 0.68%, and 0.59%, respectively, in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, show that,
on average, 1.01% of the refrigerated slaughterhouse’s revenue was lost due to carcass and organ condemnations.
This amount could have been invested in improvements such as structure for the conditional use of pieces to be
used in treatments with cold, heat, or salting, which could then be marketed and generate income. However, when
this percentage is passed on to the merchant or small producer, it represents a considerable sum in face of what they
make.
Conclusion
The considerable number of condemnations due to tuberculosis and adenitis lesions, which cause the largest
economic loss to the slaughterhouse and producers, demand the adherence to the sanitary programs to control and
eradicate bovine tuberculosis. Adherence to this program is voluntary and aims to reduce the prevalence and
incidence of new tuberculosis outbreaks and certify properties as free of tuberculosis or monitored for it using
methods of field diagnosis laid out in the National Plan for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Bovine
Tuberculosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply. The condemned organs that caused the
largest financial loss were lungs and liver. These cases can be reduced through preventive measures in the
productive system.
References
BRASIL. Exportação, 2014. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Disponível em:
<http://www.agricultura.gov.br/animal>. Acesso em: jul. 2014.
BRASIL. Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose Animal (PNCEBT). 2006.
Brasília: Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, 188p.
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