Next Generation Internet
Architectures: Current Status
and Challenges
Fábio Luciano Verdi
University of Campinas (Unicamp),
Brazil
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Agenda
• Introduction and Background
– Current status of the Internet
– Problems
• Some current proposals
– IETF
– Content Networks
• Pub/sub approach/paradigm
• Current work of our group: architecture and
some results
• The future Internet: desired features
• Discussion
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Introduction and Background
Some years ago…
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Introduction and Background
Today…
But it works!
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Introduction and Background
Why so sad?
•
•
•
•
Naming
Shortage of Addresses
Security
Mobility
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Introduction and Background
Naming
DNS
Shortage of IP
Addresses
NAT
Internet
Ossification
Security
IPSec
Mobility
Mobile IP
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
E2E principle
was broken
Introduction and Background
Even more problems…
• Novel services:
–
–
–
–
Multimedia
New types of data: voice
IPTV
QoS
• Mobility  more dynamic, new places, maybe
everywhere!
• Heterogeneity  IPv4 / IPv6
• Security  can be affected by mobility, different threats
• Multihoming: end-host multihoming and AS/ISP
multihoming (DFZ problem)
• IPv4 is to run out on 22nd May 2010!!!
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Introduction and Background
What should be done?
• Start immediately a NGI proposal!
• Take into account the experience and the
lessons learned so far
• Although we want to construct a “forever”
architecture, this is IMPOSSIBLE:
unknown situations
• Try to make it simple!!!
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Introduction and Background
The most basic principle:
IP = identifier + locator
separation between identifier and locator
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Introduction and Background
• 128 bits namespace (solves the lack of IPv4 addresses)
• Solves the IP semantic overload
• Enables new functionalities, like mobility, multihoming
and heterogeneous network integration
TCP/IP
ID Layer
Application
Application
socket
socket
Identifier
Static Binding
Dynamic Binding
Locator
Locator
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Introduction and Background
• We know it is the main solution!!!! But new
challenges appear…
• Identifier-based routing X resolution
– Where the resolution is done
• Several approaches
• Common assumptions: most of the approaches
consider to have a “box” in the border of the
ISPs/domains
• Host-based X network-based
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Introduction and Background
• Mapping EIDs
ITR
end host
to LOC
• Cache
• Query
ETR
end host
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Agenda
• Introduction and Background
– Current status of the Internet
– Problems
• Some current proposals
– IETF
– Content Networks
• Pub/sub approach/paradigm
• Current work of our group: architecture and
some results
• The future Internet: desired features
• Discussion
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
IETF
IETF proposals
(or based on)
• LISP (NERD, CONS)
• IPvLX (draft): IPv6 acts as identifiers and
IPv4 acts as locators
• eFIT: Separate provider addresses from
client addresses (draft, paper at ACM
IPv6-August 2007)
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Others
•
•
•
•
ROFL (Sigcomm 2006)
UIP (hotnets 2003, 2004, others)
DONA
Our nodeID extended:
– NID / DID approach
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Some Current Proposals:
Limitations
• Updates to the mapping are intended to be
relatively rare
• Not indicated for fast mobility
• Mapping at the edges
• Involves an ambitious Replicator system
• Cache invalidation
• Flooding/distributed servers
• Time for lookups
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Agenda
• Introduction and Background
– Current status of the Internet
– Problems
• Some current proposals
– IETF
– Content Networks
• Pub/sub approach/paradigm
• Current work of our group: architecture and
some results
• The future Internet: desired features
• Discussion
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Content Networks
• It is a new paradigm!
• Content-centric / data-oriented paradigm
– Publish/Subscribe communication model
– Information is indexed by keys
and retrieved by subscription.
• Protocols are declarative
– Say what you want, not where to get it from
• Data is self-certified
– Self-validating data (hash, signature, PKI)
– Secure the data not the channel
• Routers/nodes become network processors
– Are caches of content, indexes, and buffers.
– Forward information while caching,
in the style of MANETS, DTNs, sensor and P2P.
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Traditional Internet vs.
Content-Centric New Internet
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Pub/Sub Communication Model
Publisher Rendevouz
Subscription Routing
S
Content
Advertisements
P
Publisher
Dissemination
of Publications
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Subscriber
Agenda
• Introduction and Background
– Current status of the Internet
– Problems
• Some current proposals
– IETF
– Content Networks
• Pub/sub approach/paradigm
• Current work of our group: architecture and
some results
• The future Internet: desired features
• Discussion
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Current work of our group:
architecture and some results
• Functionalities
– Name Resolution
– Mobility
– Multihoming
– Flat Routing
– Security
– Heterogeneity
– Legacy Applications Support
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Internet Model
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
External Modules
DHT
RVS
DNS
DHCP
ASI
Legacy Appl. Support
Internal Modules
ANI
NID
Filter
DNS
Handler
ANI
Control plane
Mobility
DHT Client
Gw Msg SV
RVS Client
Identity Layer
Packet
Handler
NID
Mapper
Security Mgr DHCP Client
Flat Routing Support
NID
Routing
ARI
Conn
Mapper
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
Network
February 22
Security
Results
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Name Resolution (DNS and TXT records)
Registration (RVS and DHT)
Data transfer
Intra-domain mobility
Inter-domain mobility (node and domains)
Multihoming
Heterogeneous networks (IPv4/IPv6)
Network Composition
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Results: Composition
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Agenda
• Introduction and Background
– Current status of the Internet
– Problems
• Some current proposals
– IETF
– Content Networks
• Pub/sub approach/paradigm
• Current work of our group: architecture and
some results
• The future Internet: desired features
• Discussion
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
The future Internet: desired
features
• Jon Crowcroft:
Toward a Network Architecture that does
Everything
Communications of the ACM, January 2008
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
The future Internet: desired
features
•
•
•
•
•
Unbind identity and location
Flat and cryptographic global identifier
Flat routing
Heterogeneous network integration
Support to legacy applications
(transparency)
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
The future Internet: desired
features
•
•
•
•
•
Clean Slate X Patching
More business-oriented
Focus on data (content-based routing)
Sender-oriented  receiver-oriented
Natural or built-in mechanisms for
multihoming, security and mobility
• Context-awareness
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Discussion
• Challenges
– Deployability
– Scalability
– Compensation mechanisms
– Trust
– Reputation
– Unwanted traffic
–…
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22
Thanks!
http://www.dca.fee.unicamp.br/~verdi
I2ComM 2008 Colombia, Cartagena
February 22