THE BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURE
an overview by
Dr Achim SCHUDT
BRAZIL
DIMENSIONS 2009
Surface
sq km
Agricultural Areas
million ha
Cereal land
million ha
Pasture
million ha
Expansion Land
million ha
BRAZIL
8'547'403
367
62
210
95
USA
9'826'630
420
248
124
-
GERMANY
357'000
17
12
5
-
Brazil covers
47% of South America
2
Some numbers
FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL
Official Language
Currency
Portuguese
Brazilian Real - R$
System of Government
President since 2002
Presidentialist
Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva
Capital City
States of the Federation
Surface
Population
Main Cities
Brasilia - DF
26 + DF
8.547.403 sq km
193 million inhabitants
population - 2007
(inhabitants)
20'090'249
6'161'047
2'948'733
2'557'157
2'473'614
São Paulo
Rio de Janeiro
Salvador
Brasília
Fortaleza
BRAZILIAN COMMERCIAL TRADE
US$ 197.9 billion
Exports - 2008
Export goods
Main export partners
BRAZILIAN ECONOMY
US$ 1.994 trillion
Gross Domestic Product - 2008
US$ 10,551
GDP per capita - 2008
agriculture : 5,5%
GDP by sector - 2007
industry: 28,7%
services: 65,5%
9,81%
Inflation - 2008
Imports - 2008
Import goods
Main import partners
transport equipment, iron
ore, soybeans, footwear,
coffee, autos, automotive
parts, machinery
United States 15.8%,
Argentina 9.9%, China
7.9%, Netherlands 5.4%,
Germany 4.7% (2008*)
US$ 173.2 billion
machinery, electrical and
transport equipment,
chemical products, oil,
automotive parts,
electronics
United States 11.9%,
China 10.6%, Argentina
9,0%, Germany 7,5%,
Nigeria 4.5%, Japan 4.0%
(2008)
3
Population
Population:
193 million
inhabitants
source: FAO
4
Brazil’s Agricultural Products Position
in the World
Production Exports Production
(quantity) (quantity)
costs
Sugar
1.
1.
1.
Ethanol
1.
1.
1.
Soybean
2.
1.
2.
Maize
3.
4.
1.
Beef
2.
1.
1.
Poultry
3.
2.
1.
Swine
3.
4.
1.
Coffee
1.
1.
1.
Orange
1.
1.
1.
Products
BRAZIL - MAIN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS EXPORTED
Others
17%
Soybean
28%
Tobbacco
3%
Leather
3%
Fruit juice
3%
Leather products
4%
Coffee
5%
Meat
15%
Wood products
7%
Sugar
7%
Cellulose
8%
5
Worldbank Country Ranking by Product
- Brazilian Classification BRAZIL – 1st PLACE
COFFEE
1st
2nd
3rd
Brazil
Viet Nam
Colombia
ORANGE
JUICE
PROD.
FRESH
ORANGE
PROD.
ORANGE
1st Brazil
2nd United States
3rd Mexico
1st Brazil
2nd United States
3rd China
SUGAR
PROD.
1st
2nd
3rd
Brazil
India
China
BRAZIL - 2nd PLACE
MEAT,
BEEF &
VEAL PROD.
1st
2nd
3rd
United States
Brazil
China
SOYBEAN
OILSEED
PROD.
1st
2nd
3rd
United States
Brazil
Argentina
1st
TURKEY
MEAT PROD. 2nd
3rd
United States
Brazil
Canada
1st
2nd
3rd
United States
China
Brazil
BRAZIL - 3rd PLACE
MEAT,
SWINE
PROD.
1st
2nd
3rd
China
United States
Brazil
POULTRY
BROILER
MEAT PROD.
1st
2nd
3rd
United States
China
Brazil
CORN
And also : Cheese Prod – 2nd / Milk Powder Prod – 3rd /
Cottonseed Prod – 4th / Soybean Meal Prod – 4th / Fluid Milk Prod – 5th
6
Economical Occupation
Major economic centers
Regional Metropolis
Megalopolis
More developped industrialized
and urbanized areas
Modern agricultural areas
Traditional agricultural areas with
some cities and industries
Sparsely populated areas with
natural inlands
Sparsely populated areas with
stagnant economy
"Agricultural frontier" expansion
7
THE BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURE
MAIN PRODUCTS
Land Cover
source: FAO 9
CLIMATE
Wet Equatorial
Wet Coastal
Tropical
Semiarid
CLIMATES CONTROLLED BY
TROPICAL AND POLAR AIR MASSES
Wet Subtropical
Hot Current
Cold current
10
Permanent Crops & Arable Lands
Area (million
Specification
ha)
Pasture
210
Annual Crops
47
Permanent Crops
15
Planted Forest
5
Cities
20
Amazon Biome
350
Legal reserve
55
Idle land
95
Other uses
54
TOTAL
851
source: FAO
11
Farming Land
Properties Division
BRAZIL 2003 - FARMINGLAND - PROPERTIES DIVISION
Layers
Properties
Total area
Average
nr of
total area (ha)
%
ha
%
properties
Less than 10
1338771
31,6%
7616113
1,8%
5,7
From 10 to 25
1102999
26,0% 18985869
4,5%
17,2
From 25 to 50
684237
16,1% 24141638
5,7%
35,3
From 50 to 100
485482
11,5% 33630240
8,0%
69,3
From 100 to 500
482677
11,4% 100216200
23,8%
207,6
From 500 to 1.000
75158
1,8% 52191003
12,4%
694,4
From 1.000 to 2.000
36859
0,9% 50932790
12,1%
1381,8
More than 2.000
32264
0,8% 132631509
31,6%
4110,8
TOTAL
4238447
100,0% 420345362
100,0%
99,2
Less than 2% of brazilians own 40% of the
agricultural area
12
Agriculture – Land Distribution
Brazil has between 90 and 100 million additional hectares for growing crops.
90% are in cerrado.
Each region has its advantages and disadvantages, but all regions are usable:
- plains with sunlight and water but poor soil
- wet, deforested areas
- semiarid areas
Cerrado (soybean, corn, cotton, sugarcane etc.)
Deforested areas (oil palm)
Dry lands (castor bean)
13
Grain Crops
BRAZIL 2008/09 - GRAIN CROPS
CROP
SOYBEAN
MAIZE
RICE
WHEAT
BEANS
COTTON
SORGHUM
PEANUT
OAT
BARLEY
TRITICALE
SUNFLOWER
CASTOR BEAN
RYE
TOTAL
source: CONAB
PLANTED AREA
in 1000 ha
21.249,1
14.434,1
2.874,9
2.424,1
4.124,6
854,5
878,1
110,2
108,4
74,3
73,9
119,2
163,9
4,0
47.493,3
PRODUCTION
in 000 ton
57.759,1
52.282,3
12.177,1
6.030,8
3.592,4
1.975,0
1.967,1
283,2
239,5
234,5
185,8
170,9
130,9
5,2
137.033,8
%
PRODUCTIVITY
kg/ha
42,1%
2.718
38,2%
3.622
8,9%
4.236
4,4%
2.488
2,6%
871
1,4%
*3.791
1,4%
2.240
0,2%
2.570
0,2%
2.209
0,2%
3.156
0,1%
2.514
0,1%
1.434
0,1%
799
0,0%
1.300
100,0%
*cotton plum = 1.480 kg/ha
14
Coffee Production Evolution –
1999/2008
15
Coffee Production by State
2008 - COFFEE PRODUCTION BY STATE
AREA
PRODUCTION
STATE
000 60 kg
in ha
bags
Minas Gerais
1.048.172
23.581
Espírito Santo
489.592
10.230
São Paulo
188.495
4.420
Paraná
96.920
2.608
Bahia
125.033
2.141
Rondônia
155.972
1.876
Mato Grosso
15.007
138
Pará
12.917
233
Rio de Janeiro
13.562
266
Others
24.125
499
Total
2.169.795
45.992
source: MAPA
16
Sugar Cane, Sugar and Ethanol Production
by State and Region - 2008
SUGAR CANE
PRODUCTION in 000 ton
AREA
State
in 000 ha
TOTAL
SHARE %
NORTH
20,6
1.348,6
0%
Amazonas
3,9
314,0
0,1%
Pará
11,0
749,6
0,1%
Tocantins
5,7
285,0
0,0%
NORTHEAST
1.037,3
67.868,0
11,9%
Maranhão
38,9
2.385,0
0,4%
Piauí
13,1
900,9
0,2%
Ceará
1,6
111,5
0,0%
Rio Grande do Norte
55,5
3.075,0
0,5%
Paraíba
112,5
6.117,0
1,1%
Pernambuco
316,6
20.418,1
3,6%
Alagoas
426,8
29.864,3
5,2%
Sergipe
34,9
2.306,2
0,4%
Bahia
37,4
2.690,0
0,5%
CENTER-WEST
900,8
66.510,1
11,6%
Mato Grosso
223,2
16.109,9
2,8%
Mato Grosso do Sul
275,8
20.755,0
3,6%
Goiás
401,8
29.645,2
5,2%
SOUTHEAST
4.540,1
392.605,7
68,7%
Minas Gerais
600,7
44.120,0
7,7%
Espírito Santo
65,2
4.419,0
0,8%
Rio de Janeiro
50,0
3.556,3
0,6%
São Paulo
3.824,2
340.510,4
59,6%
SOUTH
511,4
43.038,3
7,5%
Paraná
509,3
42.918,3
7,5%
Rio Grande do Sul
2,1
120,0
0,0%
NORTH / NORTHEAST
1.057,9
69.216,6
12,1%
CENTER-SOUTH
5.952,3
502.154,1
87,9%
BRAZIL
7.010,2
571.370,7
100,0%
REGION
Source:
CONAB
dec 08
SUGAR
ETHANOL
000 ton
53,3
16,5
36,8
4.957,6
24,8
69,0
255,2
190,8
1.710,1
2.467,5
118,4
121,8
2.615,7
506,3
1.006,1
1.103,3
22.079,3
2.639,2
109,7
263,7
19.066,7
2.379,5
2.379,5
5.010,9
27.074,5
32.085,4
000 liters
60.566,3
8.648,0
29.754,8
22.163,5
2.218.251,6
176.990,8
28.737,5
7.803,7
79.182,4
323.424,1
567.504,6
796.337,3
106.050,9
132.220,3
3.825.539,1
1.002.867,8
1.064.044,2
1.758.627,1
18.577.538,9
1.970.646,1
281.517,1
101.767,7
16.223.608,0
1.924.401,3
1.915.397,6
9.003,7
2.278.817,9
24.327.479,3
26.606.297,2
IN 2008 THE SUGAR CANE
CROPS GREW 653.700 HA:
54% EXPANDED OVER
PASTURE LANDS (=0,2% OF
THE TOTAL PASTURES)
22% OVER THE GRAIN AREAS
(=0,4% OF THE GRAIN LAND)
OBS: ETHANOL
ANHYDROUS : 38%
HYDRATED: 62%
17
Sugar & Ethanol Production
BRAZIL - 1991-2008 - SUGAR (in 000 ton) AND
ETHANOL PRODUCTION (in million l)
EVOLUTION
BRAZIL - 1991-2008 SUGAR CANE PRODUCTION EVOLUTION - in 000 ton
35.000
30.000
25.000
20.000
15.000
SUGAR - in 000 ton
SUGAR
YEAR
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
source:UNICA
QUANTITY
US$ FOB
000 t
US$ mi
6.506,4
11.169,8
15.245,9
12.914,5
15.764,1
18.160,3
18.870,3
19.364,5
19.472,5
1.199,1
2.277,5
2.093,6
2.140,0
2.640,2
3.918,8
6.167,0
5.100,4
5.483,0
07 /08
06 /0
7
05 /0
6
04 /0
5
03 /0
4
02 /0
3
01 /02
00 /01
99 /0
0
98 /9
9
97 /9
8
96 /97
95 /9
6
94 /95
93 /9
4
92 /9
3
91 /9
2
90 /91
07
/08
06
/07
05
/06
04
/05
03
/04
02
/03
01
/02
00
/01
99
/00
98
/99
97
/98
96
/97
95
/96
94
/95
93
/94
92
/93
10.000
5.000
0
91
/92
90
/91
500.000
450.000
400.000
350.000
300.000
250.000
200.000
150.000
100.000
50.000
0
ETHANOL - in million liters
ETHANOL
AVERAGE
QUANTITY
US$ FOB
PRICE
US$/t
million liters US$ mi
184,30
203,90
137,32
165,71
167,48
215,79
326,81
263,39
281,58
227,3
345,7
789,2
757,4
2.408,3
2.600,6
3.416,6
3.530,1
5.118,7
34,8
92,1
169,2
158,0
497,7
765,5
1.604,7
1.477,6
2.390,1
AVERAGE
PRICE
US$/m³
153,07
266,57
214,35
208,57
206,68
294,36
469,69
418,58
140,23
18
Livestock & Poultry Production
1975/2005 - LIVESTOCK & POULTRY PRODUCTION EVOLUTION
- in 000 animals 1975
1980
1985
1995
2006
Poultry
286.810
413.180
436.809
718.538 1.244.261
Cattle
101.674
118.086
128.042
153.058
169.900
Swine
35.152
32.629
30.481
27.811
31.949
Sheeps
17.487
17.951
16.148
13.955
13.857
Goats
6.709
7.908
8.208
6.591
7.109
source: IBGE
BRAZIL - 1975/2005 - LIVESTOCK &
POULTRY PRODUCTION EVOLUTION
- in 000 animals 1.500.000
1.000.000
500.000
0
1975
1980
1985
1995
2006
Goats
Sheep
Swine
Cattle
Poultry
19
THE BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURE
COMMERCIAL TRADE
Commercial Balance
THE BRAZILIAN BASIC SECTOR REPRESENTS
37% OF THE BRAZILIAN EXPORTS
COMMERCIAL BALAN CE - 2007/ 2008
BRAZIL 2002-2008 - COMMERCIAL BALANCE EVOLUTION - in million US$
DESCRIPTION
EXPORTS
BASIC
INDUSTRIALIZED
SEMIMANUFACTURED
MANUFACTURED
SPECIAL OPERATIONS
2002
60.362
16.952
41.965
8.964
33.001
1.445
2003
73.084
21.179
50.597
10.943
39.654
1.308
2004
96.475
28.518
66.379
13.431
52.948
1.578
2005
118.308
34.721
81.105
15.961
65.144
2.482
2006
137.807
40.285
94.541
19.523
75.018
2.981
2007
160.649
51.596
105.743
21.800
83.943
3.310
2008
197.942
73.028
119.755
27.073
92.682
5.159
% 2008
100%
37%
61%
14%
47%
3%
4500
IMPORTS
RAW MATERIALS AND INTERM. GOODS
CONSUMER GOODS
FUELS AND LUBRICANTS
CAPITAL GOODS
47.240
23.448
5.909
6.240
11.643
48.305
25.837
5.539
6.579
10.350
62.835
33.526
6.863
10.302
12.144
73.606
37.804
8.484
11.931
15.387
91.351
45.275
11.955
15.197
18.924
120.617
59.405
16.024
20.068
25.120
173.207
83.295
22.519
31.466
35.927
100%
48%
13%
18%
21%
1500
BALANCE
source: SECEX
13.122
24.779
33.640
44.702
46.456
40.032
24.735
3500
3000
2500
2000
1000
500
0
JAN
FEV
M AR
ABR
M AI
JUN
JUL
AGO
2007
SET
OUT
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
M AR
ABR
M AI
JUN
JUL
AGO
SET
DEZ
2008
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
FEV
NOV
BRAZ IL - IMPORT S - 2007/ 2008
BR AZ IL - EXPORT S - 2007/ 2008
JAN
4000
OUT
NOV
DEZ
JAN
Source:
FEV
M AR
ABR
M AI
JUN
JUL
AGO
SET
OUT
NOV
DEZ
MDIC
2007
2008
2007
2008
21
Exports
BRAZIL - 1990/2008 - EXPORTS EVOLUTION SHARE BY AGGREGATED FACTOR
BRAZIL - 1990/2008 - EXPORTS EVOLUTION
- in US$ million FOB 200.000
180.000
160.000
140.000
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0
197.942
100%
80%
160.649
137.807
118.529
60%
40%
96.677
20%
0%
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
COMMODITIES
SEMI-MANUFACTURED
MANUFACTURED
OTHERS
BRAZIL - 2008 - EXPORTS BY
AGGREGATED FACTOR - in US$ million FOB
5.159; 3%
73.028; 37%
92.683; 46%
27.073; 14%
Source: MDIC
COMMODITIES
SEMI-MANUFACTURED
MANUFACTURED
OTHERS
22
Main brazilian exports
in decreasing order – in US$ FOB
In green : main
agricultural exports
2008 - MAIN BRAZILIAN EXPORTS IN DECREASING ORDER
PRODUCTS
US$ FOB
Iron ore and concentrates
16.538.542.577
Crude oil
13.555.608.149
Soybean wether or not broken
10.952.196.541
Poultry meat, fresh or frozen
5.821.977.431
Airplanes
5.495.247.707
Vehicles
4.915.736.805
Soybean meal and residues
4.363.523.095
Raw coffee beans
4.131.465.443
Beef meat, fresh or frozen
4.006.139.123
Semimanufactured goods of iron and steel
4.001.545.449
Chemicals wood paste
3.901.135.733
Raw sugar cane
3.649.552.937
Vehicles and tractors pieces and parts
3.510.094.987
Raw molten iron and "spiegel" iron
3.144.985.399
Fuel oil
2.964.490.648
Tobacco leaves and waste
2.683.203.506
Transmitter and receptor units and components
2.549.968.693
Ethyl alcohol
2.390.109.630
Iron-alloys
2.306.534.863
Commercial vehicle
2.175.963.333
Motors, generator and electrical transformer, and parts
2.166.618.500
Soybean oil
1.984.503.163
Tractors
1.956.122.904
Iron or steel rod products
1.920.689.379
Shoes, their parts and components
1.881.308.351
Hides and skins, shaved, except raw
1.867.358.826
Refined sugar
1.833.411.751
1.737.799.099
Machines for earthmoving, drilling
source: MDIC - dec08
%
8,4
6,9
5,5
2,9
2,8
2,5
2,2
2,1
2,0
2,0
2,0
1,8
1,8
1,6
1,5
1,4
1,3
1,2
1,2
1,1
1,1
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
0,9
0,9
0,9
23
THE BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURE
TRANSPORTS
Transport Costs
Brazil is huge, rich in water and sunlight, but ...
...soil, especially the cerrado, needs acidity correction and lots of fertilizers.
Logistiscs is also not favorable as compared to Argentina and the United States.
Inland Freight - Port
Port Cost
Ocean Freight to
Rotterdam
Total
Brazil
22
USA
15
Argentina
6
17
3
12
3
18
45
30
35
14
25
Load Transport Distribution
BRAZIL - 2006 - LOAD TRANSPORT DISTRIBUTION
3,6%
0,4%
13,0%
58,0%
25,0%
Roadway
source: BNDES
Railway
W aterway
Pipeline
Airway
26
Transports Net
CAPITALS
INTL. AIRPORTS
PORTS
FEDERAL
HIGHWAYS
RAILWAYS
Source; IBGE
27
Roadways
PAVED
UNPAVED
PROJECT
28
Roads – Paved / Unpaved Roads
Distribution by State - 2006
REGION and State
NORTH
Rondônia
Acre
PAVED
102.493
14.928
15.481
7.456
%
UNPAVED
%
15%
87.565
85%
1.622
10%
13.859
90%
916
12%
6.540
88%
Amazonas
6.278
1.640
26%
4.638
74%
Roraima
7.169
1.117
16%
6.053
84%
35.368
4.177
12%
31.191
88%
Pará
Amapá
2.290
323
14%
1.967
86%
Tocantins
28.450
5.132
18%
23.318
82%
NORTHEAST
409.509
53.037
13%
356.472
87%
Maranhão
55.441
6.962
13%
48.479
87%
Piauí
57.583
4.562
8%
53.021
92%
Ceará
51.730
8.279
16%
43.452
84%
Rio Grande do Norte
27.569
4.602
17%
22.967
83%
Paraíba
35.532
3.753
11%
31.780
89%
Pernambuco
42.385
6.293
15%
36.092
85%
Alagoas
13.062
2.302
18%
10.759
82%
Sergipe
5.331
2.055
39%
3.276
61%
88%
Bahia
120.876
14.230
12%
106.646
523.959
63.544
12%
460.415
88%
Minas Gerais
272.060
22.906
8%
249.155
92%
Espírito Santo
30.433
3.321
11%
27.112
89%
Rio de Janeiro
22.581
6.086
27%
16.495
73%
198.884
31.230
16%
167.654
84%
336.633
40.544
12%
296.089
88%
120.298
21.173
18%
99.126
82%
SOUTHEAST
São Paulo
SOUTH
Paraná
Santa Catarina
62.817
7.037
11%
55.779
89%
153.518
12.334
8%
141.184
92%
230.537
24.226
11%
206.311
89%
Mato Grosso do Sul
86.721
6.041
7%
80.679
93%
Mato Grosso
54.164
5.713
11%
48.452
89%
Goiás
87.908
11.595
13%
76.313
87%
1.744
877
50%
867
50%
1.603.131
196.279
12%
1.406.852
88%
Rio Grande do Sul
CENTER-WEST
source: DNIT
ROADWAYS
TOTAL
Distrito Federal
TOTAL
88% of the
brazilian
roads have
no pavement
29
Railways and their Administration
30
Railways - Transported Load and
Gauge Information
BRAZIL - 2006 - RAILWAYS
EXTENSION OF THE RAILWAYS BY GAUGE
BRAZIL 2006 - RAILWAYS - TRANSPORTED LOAD
COMPANY AND GAUGE
2006
RAILWAY
ACRONYM
TON
3
TON-KM
6
10
10
18.150
América Latina Logística do Brasil
ALL
28.942
Companhia Ferroviária do Nordeste
CFN
1.519
678
Estrada de Ferro Carajás
EFC
92.587
76.683
Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas
EFVM
131.620
73.442
Ferrovia Centro-Atlântica S.A.
FCA
15.177
9.143
Ferrovia Novoeste S.A.
NOVOESTE
3.355
1.430
Ferrovia Paraná
FERROPAR
1.511
1.005
Ferrovia Tereza Cristina S.A.
FTC
2.627
183
Ferrovias Bandeirantes S.A.
FERROBAN
4.221
2.231
Ferrovias Norte do Brasil
MRS Logística S.A.
TOTAL
FERRONORTE
MRS
5.551
7.446
101.998
47.662
389.109
238.054
Source: ANTT.
80% of the brazilian
railway net has 1,0 m
gauge
América Latina Logística do Brasil
1,00 m
1,00 / 1,44 m
Companhia Ferroviária do Nordeste S.A.
1,00 m
1,00 / 1,60 m
Estrada de Ferro Carajás
1,60 m
Ferrovia Norte-Sul
1,60 m
Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas
1,00 m
Ferrovia Centro-Atlântica S.A.
1,00 m
1,00 / 1,60 m
Ferrovia Novoeste S.A.
1,00 m
1,60 m
Ferrovia Paraná
1,00 m
Ferrovia Tereza Cristina S.A.
1,00 m
Ferrovias Bandeirantes S.A.
1,00 m
1,60 m
1,00 / 1,60 m
Ferrovias Norte do Brasil
1,00 m
1,60 m
MRS Logística S.A.
1,60 m
1,00 / 1,60 m
ACRONYM
ALL
CFN
EFC
FNS
EFVM
FCA
NOVOESTE
FERROPAR
FTC
FERROBAN
FERRONORTE
MRS
KM
7.225
7.214
11
4.238
4.220
18
892
892
362
362
905
905
8.093
7.885
208
1.942
1.942
248
248
164
164
2.029
241
1.513
275
504
504
1.674
1.632
42
TOTAL
29.013
1,00 m
23.131
1,10 m
17
1,00 / 1,44 m
11
1,00 / 1,60 m
543
1,60 m
5.310
Fontes: ANTT, CBTU, CENTRAL, CPTM, TRENSURB, EFCJ, EFMRN e
31
Main Waterways
and their Administrations
32
THE BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURE
MECHANIZATION LEVEL
Agriculture Mechanization Level
BRAZIL - 1960/2007 - WHEEL TRACTOR FLEET & MECHANIZATION LEVEL
600.000
450
400
500.000
350
300
250
300.000
200
200.000
150
ha/wheel tractor
units
400.000
100
100.000
50
-
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
WHEEL TRACTOR - in un
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
BRAZIL - 1960/2007
WHEEL TRACTOR FLEET
MECHANIZATION LEVEL - ha/wheel tractor
YEAR
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
WHEEL
MECHANIZATION
CULTIVATED
TRACTOR - in
LEVEL - ha/wheel
AREA - in ha
un
tractor
62.684
25.672
410
76.691
31.637
413
97.160
34.912
359
273.852
41.811
153
480.340
47.641
99
551.036
49.529
90
515.815
47.666
92
481.316
50.022
104
450.000
53.300
118
354.722
59.339
167
361.453
57.882
160
sources: ANFAVEA - IBGE
34
Vehicles & Agricultural Machinery
Commercial Balance – in US$ mi
BRAZIL - 1975/2008 - VEHICLES
COMMERCIAL BALANCE EVOLUTION - in US$ million
VEHICLES
YEAR
AGRICULTURAL
MACHINERY
TOTAL
BALANCE
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
302
524
436
733
4.795
3.764
5.257
8.433
334
1.101
1.604
1.897
2.415
3.488
9.391
10.884
99
72
97
200
279
451
934
1.637
17
120
269
512
449
465
2.051
2.577
401
596
533
933
5.074
4.215
6.191
10.070
351
1.221
1.873
2.409
2.864
3.953
11.442
13.461
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
ANNUAL
(50)
625
1.340
1.476
(2.210)
(262)
5.251
3.391
source: ANFAVEA
35
Agricultural Machinery
Production & Sales
YEAR
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
BRAZIL - 2000/2007
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY- IMPORTS, EXPORTS & DOMESTIC SALES
IMPORTS - in units EXPORTS - in units DOMESTIC SALES - in units WHEEL
WHEEL
WHEEL
TILLERS
COMBINES TILLERS
COMBINES TILLERS
COMBINES
TRACTORS
TRACTORS
TRACTORS
300
152
90
3.455
683
722
24.591
3.780
113
44
74
5.814
1.202
856
28.203
4.098
31
32
46
7.945
1.199
1.050
33.217
5.648
71
6
6
16.589
3.232
1.585
29.476
5.440
167
7
23
23.553
4.533
1.682
28.803
5.605
186
1
34
23.968
3.001
2.141
17.729
1.534
294
46
16.532
1.867
1.857
20.435
1.030
609
30
129
20.068
2.783
1.548
31.300
2.377
source: ANFAVEA
36
Agricultural Machinery
Market
BRAZIL - 2000/2007 - AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
PRODUCTION - in units
2006
70.000
1.703
60.000
1.597
1.722
5.148
1.079
6.851
2.183
4.229
947
5.196
40.000
20.000
10.433
9.195
50.000
30.000
No-tilling system in the world:
34.781
Brazil : 53% -
1.940
2.314
813
4.296
40.352
47.109
52.768
50.719
40.871
Argentina : 74% - 18,2 million ha
35.586
25.5 million ha
Canada : 31,8% - 12.5 million ha
27.546
10.000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
WHEEL TRACTORS
2004
2005
COMBINES
2006
2007
USA : 19% 25.3 million ha
Australia : 20.5% - 9.0 million ha
TILLERS
BRAZIL - 2008 - AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY MARKET
AGRICULTURAL
MACHINERY
Wheel tractors - total
up to 49 CV
from 50 CV to 99 CV
from 100 CV to 199 CV
above 200 CV
Tillers
Combines
Total
PRODUCTION
in units
INTERNAL
SALES - in un
66.504
1.229
33.850
30.433
992
1.751
8.407
76.662
41.966
1.123
23.107
17.082
654
1.852
4.340
48.158
EXPORTS
in un
23.005
23
10.534
12.112
336
13
3.567
26.585
source: ANFAVEA
Obs: In 2008, AGCO, New Holland and John Deere imported 1.448 wheel
tractors and 118 combines.
37
Agricultural Credit Distribution
BRAZIL - 1990/2006 - AGRICULTURAL CREDIT BY CATEGORY
in US$ million
YEAR
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
COSTS
TOTAL
SHARE
8.249
77,5%
9.361
84,2%
7.901
63,5%
5.869
57,9%
10.141
59,1%
4.447
66,3%
4.626
81,1%
6.152
76,4%
6.538
74,7%
6.354
73,0%
6.068
68,2%
6.349
63,4%
7.285
64,1%
8.555
64,6%
9.821
61,7%
9.075
61,8%
8.832
60,7%
INVESTMENT
TOTAL
SHARE
741
7,0%
639
5,7%
1.219
9,8%
1.656
16,3%
3.598
21,0%
912
13,6%
663
11,6%
951
11,8%
939
10,7%
1.002
11,5%
1.021
11,5%
1.330
13,3%
1.789
15,7%
2.404
18,2%
2.810
17,6%
2.413
16,4%
2.527
17,4%
SALES
TOTAL
SHARE
1.651
15,5%
1.114
10,0%
3.323
26,7%
2.615
25,8%
3.428
20,0%
1.344
20,1%
415
7,3%
945
11,7%
1.271
14,5%
1.345
15,5%
1.802
20,3%
2.340
23,4%
2.292
20,2%
2.286
17,3%
3.296
20,7%
3.186
21,7%
3.187
21,9%
TOTAL
10.641
11.114
12.443
10.140
17.167
6.703
5.704
8.048
8.748
8.701
8.891
10.019
11.366
13.245
15.927
14.674
14.546
BRAZIL - 2006 - AGRICULTURAL CREDIT
BY INVESTMENT DISTRIBUTION
0%
0%
16%
23%
0%
OTHER
TRACTORS
COMBINES
TRUCKS
VANS, JEEPS & ALIKE
TILLERS
61%
source: ANFAVEA / BACEN
BRAZIL - 200/2006 - AGRICULTURAL CREDIT BY INVESTMENT DISTRIBUTION
- in US$ 000 YEAR
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
TRACTORS
TOTAL
SHARE
250.576
24,5%
271.028
20,4%
347.904
19,5%
578.189
24,0%
625.837
22,3%
574.754
23,8%
592.102
23,4%
source: ANFAVEA / BACEN
COMBINES
TOTAL
SHARE
178.114
17,5%
209.375
15,7%
237.287
13,3%
449.228
18,7%
607.001
21,6%
450.262
18,7%
409.530
16,2%
TILLERS
TOTAL
SHARE
815
0,1%
1.132
0,1%
3.225
0,2%
6.360
0,3%
6.356
0,2%
8.657
0,4%
2.758
0,1%
TRUCKS
TOTAL
SHARE
7.106
0,7%
10.356
0,8%
24.823
1,4%
10.904
0,5%
7.326
0,3%
11.067
0,5%
8.777
0,3%
VANS, JEEPS &
ALIKE
TOTAL
SHARE
2.116
0,2%
2.718
0,2%
7.303
0,4%
4.013
0,2%
3.022
0,1%
1.943
0,1%
3.196
0,1%
OTHER
TOTAL
SHARE
581.964
57,0%
835.734
62,8%
1.167.969
65,3%
1.355.739
56,4%
1.560.640
55,5%
1.365.949
56,6%
1.510.411
59,8%
TOTAL
1.020.691
1.330.343
1.788.511
2.404.433
2.810.182
2.412.632
2.526.774
38
THE BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURE
BIO-ENERGY
Energy-Level
Level of Utilization
Brazil's success in poultry exports is the result of the synergy
between the animal protein and grain industries (soybean, corn etc.)
The use of sugarcane energy
is expected to develop exponentially
“Bioenergy
Hub”
Sugar/Alcohol
complex
Sugar mill
p
Mill
17th century
19th century
20th century
21st century
40
Vehicles Production by type of fuel
BRAZIL 2008 - VEHICLES PRODUCTION
BY TYPE - in units
Total production: 3.227.012 un
BRAZIL 2008 - VEHICLES PRODUCTION
BY TYPE OF FUEL - in units
44.111 un
1%
326.642 un
10%
167.330 un
5%
448.247un
14%
640.486 un
20%
VEHICLES
LIGHT COMM. VEH
TRUCKS
BUSES
3.627 un
0%
FLEX FUEL
PETROL
DIESEL
ETHANOL
2.256.257 un
70%
2.567.324 un
80%
BRAZIL 1970/2007 - VEHICLES PRODUCTION
BY TYPE OF FUEL - in units
2.500.000
2.000.000
1.500.000
FLEX-FUEL
ETHANOL
PETROL
1.000.000
2006
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
1980
1978
1976
1974
0
1972
Source:
ANFAVEA
1970
500.000
41
Bio-energy
World trade is a game of trade offs...
An effective strategy to win this game will be the production of biofuels.
Sugarcane and oilseeds will be unbeatable if both play doubles.
?
Diesel
Oilseeds
Sugar/alcohol
42
Sugar cane production
Productivity
In 30 years, the
productivity
increased 65%.
Plantada area
Área colhida
Production
Productivity
(milllion ton)
(Ton / ha)
Ano
1975
1,9
1,9
88,2
46,82
1976
2,08
2,08
102,77
49,43
1977
2,27
2,27
120,01
52,93
1978
2,39
2,39
129,06
54,04
1979
2,54
2,54
139,27
54,79
1980
2,61
2,61
146,23
56,09
1981
2,8
2,8
153,78
54,86
1982
3,08
3,08
186,38
60,47
1983
3,48
3,48
216,45
62,16
1984
3,85
3,85
241,39
62,55
1985
3,9
3,9
246,54
63,22
1986
3,95
3,95
238,49
60,44
1987
4,35
4,31
268,58
62,31
1988
4,15
4,12
258,45
62,78
252,29
62,02
90
1989
4,01
4,07
8
80
1990
4,29
4,27
262,6
61,49
7
70
1991
4,24
4,21
260,84
61,94
6
60
5
50
4
40
3
30
Area
Productivity
20
07
20
05
20
03
20
01
19
99
19
97
19
95
19
93
19
91
19
89
19
87
19
85
0
19
83
0
19
81
10
19
79
20
1
19
77
2
PRODUCTIVITY (in ton/ha)
9
19
75
AREA (in million ha)
BRAZIL 1997/2007 - SUGAR CANE - AREA AND PRODUCTIVITY
Area (million hectares)
1992
4,2
4,2
271,43
64,61
1993
3,97
3,86
244,3
63,24
1994
4,36
4,34
292,07
67,23
1995
4,62
4,57
303,56
66,49
1996
4,9
4,83
325,93
67,52
1997
4,95
4,86
337,2
69,1
1998
5
4,97
338,97
68,18
1999
4,86
4,85
331,71
68,41
2000
4,82
4,82
325,33
67,51
2001
5,02
4,96
344,28
69,44
2002
5,21
5,1
363,72
71,31
2003
5,38
5,37
389,85
72,58
2004
5,57
5,63
416,26
73,88
2005
5,62
5,76
419,56
72,83
2006
7,04
6,19
457,98
74,05
2007
7,85
6,71
514,08
76,6
43
Grain Crops Production & Productivity
Evolution – 1990/2008
BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURE - 1990/2008 - AREA & PRODUCTIVITY EVOLUTION
60.000
3.500
2.500
AREA - in 000 ha
40.000
2.000
30.000
1.500
20.000
1.000
AREA : + 25%
10.000
PRODUCTIVITY - in ton/ha
3.000
50.000
500
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
AREA
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
PRODUCTIVITY
PRODUCTION : + 136%
44
Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Brazilian Agriculture
Advantages :
• Great land reserves for agriculture
• Low land price
• Favorable climate
• Good administration capacities
• Low salaries
• Tropical technology for agriculture
• Bio-energy potential
• Huge amounts
• Great demand from worldwide markets
• Great internal market
• Supported by the Brazilian politics
Disadvantages :
• Bad transports infrastructure and logistics
• Capital high cost (high interests)
45
Politics supports
“As the Brazilian agriculture is competitive,
new chances and opportunities appear :
general development,
more jobs and more incomes,
more agriculture products and derivatives,
more exports,
more energy.”
46
Sources
• MAPA : Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento
• MDIC : Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio
Exterior
• IBGE : Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística
• DIEESE : Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos
Socioeconômicos
• ANFAVEA : Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos
Automotores
• CONAB : Companhia Nacional do Abastecimento
• BACEN : Banco Central do Brasil
• UNICA : União da Indústria da Cana-de-Açúcar
• DNIT : Departamento Nacional de Infra-Estrutura de Transporte
• SECEX : Secretaria de Comércio Exterior do Ministério do
Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior
• WORLDBANK : The World Bank
• FAO : Food and Agriculture Organiation of the United States
47
THANK YOU
VIELEN DANK
48
THE BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURE
APPENDIX
RELIEF
Elevation & Slope
The highest mountain, Pico da
Neblina, has 2.994 m
source: FAO
50
CLIMATE
Temperature & Precipitation
source: FAO
51
Major Environmental Constraints
source: FAO
52
Farming Systems
source: FAO
53