Marine Algae Biodiversity Mariana C. Oliveira Inst. Biosciences – USP [email protected] Marine Biodiversity •  Radulovici 2010: 10 million marine species •  “Biodiversity crisis”: high ex=nc=on rates induced by human ac=vity: overfishing, pollu=on, global warming and ocean acidifica=on, invasive organisms etc. •  “Taxonomic impediment”: Carbayo & Marques, 2011: ~360 years, ~263 bi USD to iden=fy the metazoa (animals) alone. Regional x Global
Huge challenge!
http://www.boldsystems.org/
Why study algae biodiversity? Provide important ecosystem services •  key primary producers (~50% of O2 produc=on) •  planktonic microalgae play key roles in global geochemical cycles •  macroalgae are the dominant species in coastal regions, where they support a broad range of marine organisms •  algae are an economic resource that is increasingly being exploited and domes=cated economic importance
Ø Human food
“Porphyra” spp. (“nori”)
→  Japan, 3 bi USD/yr
Ø  hidrocoloids (agar/agarose,
carrageenans, alginates) ex.
Gracilaria
biotecnology, food industry, paints,
phamaceutics, etc.
Why study algae biodiversity? •  phylogene=c and physiological diversity targets for biotechnological applica=ons, either as biomass for biofuel produc=on or as sources of novel biomolecules with diverse applica=ons. Cl. a, b
Baldauf, 2008
Cl. a, fb
Cl. a, c
Cl. a, c, fb
Diversity of cell with nuclei (Eukarya)
BIODIVERSITY OF RHODOPHYTA OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL USP / UNESP / Botany Ins=tute •  ObjecNve : Generate a data bank integra=ng DNA sequences with taxonomic data and with geographic distribu=on for the species of Rhodophyta in the state of São Paulo, including marine and fresh water species. UK, Mexico, USA
BrBOL: Brazilian network for the molecular
identification of biodiversity
General coordination: Claudio Oliveira (UNESP)
Brazilian network for the molecular identification
of marine organisms
Coordination: Mariana C Oliveira (USP)
http://brbol.org/
GDRI: International research network
Chile, Brazil,
France
Diversity, Evolution
and Biotechnology of
Marine Algae
France: J. Mark Cock, Station Biologique de Roscoff
Chile: Marie-Laure Guillemin, UACH, Valdivia
Brazil: Mariana C. Oliveira, Universidade de São Paulo
2013-2015
Rhodophyta (red algae)
Florideophyceae Bangiophyceae Rhodellophyceae Porphyridiophyceae Stylonematophyceae Compsopogonophyceae Cyanidiophyceae Bangiales: 2 genera Porphyra Bangia Bangiophyceae
~1.1 bi yrs fossil
- Multicelularity
(“complex”)
-Sexual reproduction
(oldest register)
Bangiomorpha pubescens
Butterfield 2000
Global networks to study diversity Sutherland et al. 2011 (Provasoli Award) 15 researchers: Brazil, Canada, Korea, USA, UK, Japan, New Zealand. “Porphyra” (bladed) “Bangia” (filamentous) 15 genera
H. cervicornis
“H. musciformis”
Hypnea sp.3
Hypnea sp.1
Hypnea sp.2
H. spinella
Hypnea sp. 4
COI - NJ
H. stellulifera
H. flexicaulis
F. Nauer
rbcL/rbcL-S
cox1
Chondria collinsiana Búzios, RJ
86/88
85
Palisada papillosa México (Pacífico)
100/90
92
P. papillosa Ilhas Canárias
P. perforata Ilhas Canárias
P. perforata Parati, RJ
98/100!
88"
P. perforata Parati, RJ
P. papillosa Angra dos Reis, RJ
100/100!
94
Laurencia complex
Cassano et al 2012
P. papillosa, Rio das Ostras, RJ
*!
89
Laurencia sp.1 Búzios, RJ
Laurencia dendroidea
(localidade tipo: Brasil)
*
L. aldingensis Ilhote de Ubu, Anchieta, ES
L. intricata Maracajaú, RN
L. caduciramulosa Ilhas Canárias
*
Laurencia sp.2 Ilhote de Ubu, ES
Laurencia sp.3 Ilha Vitória, SP
85/-
L. intricata Ilhas Canárias
L. intricata Angra dos Reis, RJ
L. oliveirana Arraial do Cabo, RJ
63/57
80
L. intricata Ilhas Canárias
85 L. intricata Ilhas Canárias
64/96
91
79
L. aldingensis Praia Rasa, Búzios, RJ
L. Intricata Ponta dos Castelhanos, ES
* L. caduciramulosa Angra dos Reis, RJ
0.01
100/100
Laurencia sp.1 Ilhote de Ubu, ES
L. intricata Parati, RJ
79/85
55 L. intricata Maracajaú,RN
85/- L. intricata Ilhas Canárias
L. caduciramulosa Ilha Grande, RJ
91/98
78
L. filiformis Lauro de Freitas, BA"
L. aldingensis, Ilhote de Ubu, ES
69/84
88/79
-
L. arbuscula Arraial do Cabo, RJ"
L. intricata Cuba
L .intricata Angra dos Reis, RJ
100/100
92
RJ"89/91
L. majuscula
Angra
dos SP
Reis, RJ" 81
Laurencia sp.3
Ilha Vitória,
L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ"
L. majuscula Ilha Grande, RJ"
L. filiformis Parati, RJ !
L. majuscula Angra dos Reis, RJ"
L. filiformis Parati, RJ !
L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ"
L. filiformis
Angra dos Reis, RJ !
L. filiformis Parati, RJ !
L. L.filiformis
Angra dos Reis, RJ"
filiformis Parati, RJ !
L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ"
L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ !
L. filiformis Búzios, RJ"
L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ" 100/98
L. arbuscula Búzios, RJ"
L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ" 74
L. obtusa Búzios, 100/100
RJ"
L. filiformis Búzios, RJ"
90 RJ"
L. arbuscula
Rio das Ostras,
L. arbuscula Búzios, RJ"
L. obtusa
Ilha
de
Cabo
Frio,
RJ"
L. obtusa Búzios, RJ"
99/98
L. arbuscula Arraial do Cabo,
94 RJ"
L. arbuscula Rio das Ostras, RJ"
L. filiformis, BA"
L. obtusa Ilha de Cabo Frio, RJ"
Laurencia sp.1 Búzios, RJ
L. catarinensis, SC
P. perforata Rio das Ostras, RJ"
P. papillosa Angra dos Reis, RJ
Laurencia
sp.2 Ilhote do Ubu,
ESGrande,
L. majuscula
Ilha
Laurencia sp.1 Ilhote de Ubu, ES
*
P. papillosa Rio das Ostras, RJ"
Chondrophycus furcatus Tambaú, PB
filiformis BA
L. filiformis, Laurencia
BA
L. filiformis Parati, RJ
L. filiformis Parati,
RJ
L. filiformis Parati, RJ
L. filiformis Parati,
RJ
L. filiformis Búzios, RJ
L. filiformis
* Búzios, RJ
L. filiformis
Angra
dos Reis,
L. filiformis Angra
dos
Reis,
RJRJ
L. majuscula Angra dos Reis, RJ
L. majuscula Angra dos Reis, RJ
Ilha Grande,
L. majusculaL. majuscula
Ilha Grande,
RJRJ
74/92
L. filiformis Angra dos Reis, RJ
L. filiformis
Angra
dos Reis, RJ
78
L. filiformis
Angra
dos Reis,
L. filiformis Angra
dos
Reis,
RJRJ
L. arbuscula Búzios, RJ
L. arbuscula
Búzios, RJ
- / 79
L. obtusa Búzios, RJ
60
L. obtusa
Búzios,
RJ
L.obtusa Ilha de Cabo Frio, RJ
L.obtusa Ilha
de Cabo Frio, RJ
arbuscula do
Arraial
do Cabo,
RJ
L. arbusculaL.
Arraial
Cabo,
RJ
L. arbuscula Rio das Ostras, RJ
L. arbuscula Rio das Ostras, RJ
*
73/80 L. aldingensis Búzios, RJ
55
L. intricata Pta dos Castelhanos, ES
100/100
98
L. intricata Angra dos Reis, RJ
92/ 87
-
P. flagellifera Rio das Ostras, RJ
P. flagellifera Rio das Ostras, RJ
*
P. papillosa Ilhas Canárias 100/100
P. perforata Ilhas Canárias " 84
P. perforata Parati, RJ
100/100
P. flagellifera Rio das Ostras, RJ 94
P. flagellifera Rio das Ostras, RJ
Chondrophycus furcatus Tambaú, PB
95/97
Palisada papillosa México (Pacífico)"
P. perforata Parati, RJ"
P. perfotata Rio das Ostras, RJ
100/100
78
Chondria collinsiana Búzios, RJ"
L. intricata Parati, RJ
100/100
84
L. intricata Angra dos Reis, RJ
L. intricata Angra dos Reis, RJ
L. catarinensis Florianópolis, SC 90/94
56
L. caduciramulosa Angra dos Reis, RJ
L. caduciramulosa Angra dos Reis, RJ
100/100
L. caduciramulosa Ilhas Canárias
88
L. intricata Cuba
L. oliveirana Arraial do Cabo, RJ
5
Machu Picchu (PER) Comandante Ferraz (BRA) Arctowski (POL) Baía do Almirantado SP23
NY07
SP36
FP11
ECO87
NY28
94 SP18a
Desmarestia menziesii
ECO86
SP69
IBT946
SP37
87
SP12
SP11a
ECO09
Desmarestiaceae
NY06
Phaeurus antarcticus
SP72
98 SP74a
85
NY12
Himantothallus grandifolius
FP15
Phaeophyceae
NY02
ECO08
85
SP48
NY09
Desmarestia antarctica
NY04
95 SP60
NY08
SP54
Desmarestia anceps
NY03
99 NY10
91
100
Chordaria linearis
88 SP32
Adenocystaceae
Adenocystis utricularis
NY11
SP10
Chordariaceae
NY01
60
Ascoseira mirabilis
FP05
100 ECO27
Ascoseiraceae
SP29
Cystosphaera jacquinotii
NY05
Seirococcaceae
100 ECO06
FP12
100
Plocamiaceae
Plocamium aff. cartilagineum
NY22
ECO89
ECO47
Curdiea racovitzae
100 NY17
ECO34
Gracilariaceae
ECO17
Corallinales
FP13
Plumariopsis peninsularis
Georgiella confluens
ECO85
89
NY26
Wrangeliaceae
IBT936
74
SP77
100 SP78
Delesseriaceae
Myriogramme manginii
Rhodophyta
Acanthococcus antarticus
ECO81
Callophyllis sp.
Gymnogongrus antarcticus
IBT935
ECO46
81 ECO88
NY25
70
Gigartina skottsbergii
NY20
NY19
93
SP7C
Gigartinaceae
Iridaea cordata
100 SP64
ECO41
NY24
87
100
ECO68
Pyropia endiviifolia
NY23
Bangiaceae
ECO55
SP9a
Wildemania plocamiestris
98 ECO73
ECO40
SP16b
SP52a
Palmaria decipiens
Palmariaceae
100 NY21
SP61
IBT943
88
100
Prasiola stipitata
Prasiola sp.
EF426573
IBT949
ECO54
89 IBT951
77 ECO48
100 IBT944
Ulva bulbosa
Ulva sp.
EF426568
100
69
91
Prasiolaceae
Prasiola crispa
Ulvaceae
SP43
ECO02
Protomonostroma rosulatum
ECO01
Protomonostroma undulatum
Urospora penicilliformis
Urospora sp2. penicilliformis
Acrosiphonia arcta
HQ603320 CA
Acrosiphonia sp.
HQ603331 CA
96
IBT945
97
91
Ulotrichaceae
HQ603371 CA
Chlorophyta
NY32
94
86
67
FP36
FP39
Monostroma grevillei
FP38
NY15
FP01
100
FP33
Gomontiaceae
NY16
FP02
63 FP03
FP34
FP31
NY14
A. Medeiros
0.02
Monostroma hariotii
DNA barcoding of algae in Brazil •  DNA barcodes are efficient to iden=fy and delimitate species among different groups of algae, corrobora=ng its use for biodiversity surveys •  In most groups recogni=on of cryp=c specia=on •  New taxa, new occurrences •  Detec=on of phenotypic plas=city •  Exo=c species (?) •  Local ex=nc=on (?) • 
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Eurico Cabral de Oliveira (USP, UFSC) Silvia M. P. B. Guimarães (IBt) Maria Beatriz B. Barros Barreto (UFRJ) Daniela Milstein (USP) Amanda Medeiros (USP) Auro Silva Garcia Filho (UNESP) Carolina Franco (USP) Cecília H. Kano (IBt) Cecilia M. Ishida (IBt) Cesar Redivo (IBt) CinNa Iha (USP) Douglas de Castro AgosNnho (UNESP) Emmanuelle Costa (USP) Fabio Nauer (USP) Mônica Orlandi Paiano (UNESP) Natalia Guimarães (USP) Rodrigo Pegorin (IBt) Valéria Cassano (USP) Thank you!
Mutue Fujii (IBt)
Orlando Necchi Jr (UNESP)
Pio Colepicolo (USP)
Estela M. Plastino (USP)
Nair Yokoya (Ibt)
Paulo Horta (UFSC)
Sônia M. B. Pereira (UFRPE)