A Ciência em São Paulo e a Rio +20:
BIOTA, BIOEN e PFPMCG
Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz
Scientific Director
São Paulo Research Foundation, FAPESP
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State of São Paulo,
Brasil
41
Million people
34% of Brazil’s GNP
50% of Brazilian science
13% of State budget to HE
and R&D
3 State
Universities
1.66%
GNP
for R&D
3
Federal Universities
52 State Tech Faculties
45% of the PhDs graduated in
Brazil (5,017 in 2009)
22 Research Institutes (19
state/3 federal)
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Research Foundation
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SP, R&D Expenditure
International standing
Fonte: Indicadores FAPESP de C&T&I em SP
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Apoio Estadual à Pesquisa no Brasil
Fonte: Indicadores de C&T MCT
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Doctoral degrees
USP, Unicamp and UNESP, 2009
U.S. and SP universities that graduate more than 700 PhDs per year
Brasil
EUA
Doutorados
Num Prof.
USP
2.244
5.434
Unicamp
871
1.743
U. CA, Berkeley
856
2.028
U. TX Austin
821
2.500
Unesp
805
3.554
U. WI Madison
740
2.033
U. IL Urbana-Champaign
735
3.081
U. CA, Los Angeles
724
4.016
OH State U. main campus
719
5.272
U. MI Ann Arbor
716
n.d.
EUA 2008: S&E Doctorate Awards, 2008, Table 3.
USP, Unesp e Unicamp: 2009
11/03/201
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Fapesp: São Paulo Research
Foundation
• Mission: support research in all fields
• All proposals are peer reviewed (20,000 proposals in 2011)
• Funded by the State of São Paulo with 1% of all state revenues
– Started in 1962
• Annual budget: $PPP 511 M in 2011
– Fellowships (3,000 SI, 2,600 MSc, 3,700 DrSc, 1,600 Post-docs)
– Academic R&D (Thematic, Regular, Young Investigators)
– University-Industry Joint R&D: Natura, Microsoft, Agilent,
Braskem, Oxiteno, SABESP, VALE, Petrobrás, Embraer, Padtec,
Biolab, Cristalia, Whirlpool, Boeing , GSK, BP ...
– Small bussiness R&D: 1,200 SBE’s (close to two awards per week
in 2010)
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Artigos ISI por cientista, 2009
Fonte: TR NSI ; Indicadores FAPESP de C&T&I em SP; OECD MSTI
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FAPESP’s Programs on Environmental
Research
• Biodiversity
– BIOTA Virtual Institute for Biodiversity Research, 1997
• Bioenergy
–
–
–
–
SUCEST, 1999
S&T Roadmap, 2006
BIOEN, 2008
SP Bioenergy Research Center, 2010
• Global Climate Change
– Modeling, 2010
– Research Program, 2010
– Oceanography, 2011-12
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Biodiversity Virtual Institute
BIOTA
• A network of 200+ scientists
• Characterize the biodiversity of the State of São Paulo,
and define mechanisms for its conservation and
sustainable use
– Study and disseminate data, information, and knowledge
about São Paulo’s biodiversity and its importance.
– Increase public and private organizations’ capacity in
managing, monitoring and using biodiversity.
– Promoting informed decisions
• http://www.biota.org.br/
• 915 projetos de pesquisa e bolsas
– R$ 100 milhões; valor concedido R$ 22 milhões em 2011
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BIOTA: good science
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BIOTA: Science – Perspectives, April 6 ,
2009
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BIOTA: Science, July 2009
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BIOTA: international visibility for
Brazilian research
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SP Environment Secretary bases
Resolution on BIOTA research
• Plus two Governor’s
Edits
– Decree 53.939, 06Jan09
– Legal Reserves
– Decree 54.746, 04Sep09
– Conservation Units
Cantareira
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BIOTA’s Map for Agroecological
Zoning
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BIOTA: International cooperation
• Joint research
• Joint call with NSF
– Dimensions on Biodiversity
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FAPESP and Bioenergy
• First initiative in 1999
– SucEST Project for sugarcane genomics
• Then, three initiatives starting 2007-2008
– Roadmap
– BIOEN
– SP Bioenergy Research Center
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Energy sources in Brazil, 2006
Brazil: 47% of energy from renewable
sources (2009); 18% from sugarcane
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
cane
18%
10%
0%
Non-Renewable
Renewable
Renewables in Brazil: 47%; World: 13%; OECD: 7,2%
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State of São Paulo, Brazil: Sugarcane
supplies 38% of the total energy
State of São
Paulo
63% of Brazilian
ethanol
• 41 million people
• 35% of Brazil’s
GNP
•
1980 – 2008
• Oil down from
60% to 33%
• Cane up from
17% to 38%
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Vehicles per population
SÃO PAULO CITY
SÃO PAULO
STATE
BRAZI
L
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FAPESP: three articulated initiatives
• Science and Technology bottlenecks
– A road map that oriented steps 2 and 3 below
• Research Project; R$ 0,3 million; 14 workshops, >100 researchers; a book published
internationally
• BIOEN
– Research Program; 5-10 years
• Has a core of fundamental research
• Connections to applications through industry partnerships
– 269 projects and fellowships (so far, only one CFP – more will follow)
• FAPESP: R$ 73 million
• Industry: R$ 3,7 million (Braskem, Oxiteno, Dedini, Boeing, BP)
• São Paulo Bioenergy Research Center
– Based in the three State universities: USP, Unicamp, Unesp
– Estimated investment: R$ 162 million in 10 years
• GESP: R$ 54 million (already disbursed)
• Universities: R$ 54 millions in contracts for new professors in 10 years
• FAPESP: R$ 54 million to be disbursed in research grants and fellowships in 10 years
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FAPESP’s Research Program on
Bioenergy (BIOEN): 5 areas
• Improvements in the feedstock: building a better
cane plant for energy - EnergyCane
• Production of Ethanol and other products:
hydrolysis, pyrolisis, gasification, fermentation,
distillation
• New processes in alcohol-chemistry
• Ethanol based engine and fuel cell developments
• The Economics of Ethanol, Ethanol production
and the environment, Social impacts, the new
agriculture of food and energy
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New challenges for Brazil’s
strategy in Bioenergy
• International competition
• Stronger scientific base – radical innovation
– Genomics
– Bioprocesses
– Chemistry, biochemistry
• Science based decision and planning
– Sustainability
• Water, fertilizer, energy balance, GHG
– LUC; iLUC
• International presence
– High impact scientific publications
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Higher productivity sugarcane:
84 → 148 → 212 → 381 ton/Ha??
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Sucrose related genes
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Transgenic cane: 9x increased conversion
of glucose/fructose into sucrose
USP, Unicamp, CTC, Monsanto, Central de Alcool Lucélia
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BIOEN: 314 scientists
• 55 research projects
– R$ 55 61 million
• 314 scientists
– 229 from São Paulo
– 33 from other Brazilian states
• MG 12; RJ 8; Pr 3; RS 3
– 52 from other countries
• U.S. 26; Fr 7; Ge 4; Ne 4; De 3; Sp 3
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BIOEN: international collaborations
• Estados Unidos, Reino Unido e Holanda
– Oak Ridge National Laboratories, EC, UKRC,
BBSRC, BE-Basic, NSF
• 52 (of 314) scientists from other countries
• U.S. 26; Fr 7; Ge 4; Ne 4; De 3; Sp 3
• GSB, LACAF
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FAPESP Research Program on GCC
1. Ecosystem functioning: biodiversity and water, carbon
and nitrogen cycles
2. Atmospheric radiation balance, aerosols, trace gases
and land use change
3. Energy and greenhouse gases
4. Health effects of climate changes
5. Climate change and agriculture and animal
husbandrymudanças climáticas globais e agricultura e
pecuária.
6. Human roles, impacts and responses: human
dimensions of global environmental change
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FAPESP Research Program on
Global Climate Change
• Global Climate Modelling
– Supercomputer – 15 Tflops sustainable
• FINEP + FAPESP
– Host institution: INPE
• 125 projects and fellowships
– R$ 65 million
• Calls for Proposals
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Modeling Global Climate with an eye
on the South Atlantic - Salinity
Possible with a new supercomputer (30,258 cores; 244
TFlps/sw; 3.84 Pb disk + 6 Pb tape; )
Fresh water discharge from the Amazon River lowers
regional salinity (res. 10 – 100 km)
10 years time frame, displayed monthlyAuthors: Gilvan Sampaio e Carlos Nobre,
PFPMCG, INPE
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Mudança Climática e Oceanos
• Instrumentos
– Barco para pesquisa
– Navio oceanográfico – Alpha Crucis
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PFPMCG: international collaborations
• Joint research
– ANR (Fr), NSF (U.S.), NERC (U.K.)
• Belmont Forum
– NSF (U.S.), CRF (China), NRF (South Africa), DFG
(Germany), ANR (France), NERC (U.K.), FAPESP
(São Paulo, Br), India, Australia, Canada, ICSU,
IGFA, ISSCV
– World challenges in Global Climate Change
Research
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Science in São Paulo and Rio +20
• Sustainability needs science
• In SP
– 3 FAPESP Programs
– more than 400 scientists and thousands of
students working in Rio +20 related fields
• International agenda for sustainability
– Affected by science and other factors
• Innovation, policy, agenda setting
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