Women in Physics in Latin America
Why so few in leadership positions?
– p.1
Brazil-Undergraduate (2000)
Undergraduate Students:2.694.245
male:44%
female:56%
Undergraduate Students in Physics : 11.184 ( 0.5% )
male:8.987 ( 80% )
female:2.197 ( 20% )
Degrees given:
male:489( 80% )
female:166 ( 26% )
– p.2
Brazil-Faculty (2000)
Brasil:
male: 116.975 (59%)
female: 80.737 (41%)
Physics:
male: 84%
female: 16%
North:
male:31 ( 84% )
female:6 ( 16% )
Northeast:
male:216( 88% )
female:30 ( 12% )
– p.3
Faculty
Center:
male:57 ( 83% )
female:12 ( 17% )
Southeast:
male:687( 84% )
female:132 ( 16% )
South
male:175 ( 81% )
female:41 ( 19% )
– p.4
Brazilian Physical Society (2000)
Bacharel:
male:181 ( 77% )
female:54 ( 23% )
Master:
male:522( 75% )
female:71 ( 25% )
Doctor:
male:1275 ( 84% )
female:251 ( 16% )
– p.5
Grant Agency -CNPq (2005)
1A Male: 97% Female : 3%
1B Male: 91% Female : 9%
1C Male: 91% Female : 9%
1D Male: 87% Female : 13%
2 Male: 89% Female : 11%
Total: Male:90.1% Female : 9.9%
– p.6
Mexico-Graduate Students (2000)
Lilia Meza Montes
– p.7
Mexico-Researchers (2000)
Lilia Meza Montes
– p.8
Argentina-Undergraduate
Silvina Ponce Dawson
Entry year
Percentage of women over total
1990
29%
1991
25%
1992
31%
1993
36%
1994
35%
1995
26%
1996
35%
1997
38%
1998
19%
1999
26%
2000
33%
– p.9
Argentina-Undergraduate
Silvina Ponce Dawson
Entry year
Percentage of women over total
1990
0%
1991
13%
1992
13%
1993
14%
1994
5%
1995
5%
1996
0%
1997
6%
1998
14%
1999
0%
2000
11%
– p.10
Argentina-Graduate
Silvina Ponce Dawson
Year of graduation
Percentage of women over total
1990
57%
1991
31%
1992
53%
1993
20%
1994
47%
1995
27%
1996
38%
1997
56%
1998
29%
1999
43%
2000
15%
– p.11
Argentina-Graduate
Silvina Ponce Dawson
Entry year
Percentage of women over total
1990
14%
1991
0%
1992
14%
1993
12.5%
1994
14%
1995
0%
1996
10%
1997
19%
1998
31%
1999
31%
2000
0%
– p.12
Argentina - Professors
Silvina Ponce Dawson
Year
Full
Professor
Associate
Professor
Assistant Professor
1990
34 (33/1)
13 (11/2)
42 (36/6)
10%
1992
35 (34/1)
32 (26/6)
48 (43/5)
10%
1996
42 (40/2)
27 (21/6)
58 (46/12)
16%
1999
49 (46/3)
32 (24/8)
64 (54/10)
15%
Percentage of women
– p.13
Argentina - Researchers
Silvina Ponce Dawson
Category
Superior
1996
Total (men/women)
2001
Total (men/women)
11 (10/1)
14 (13/1)
51 (48/3)
50 (48/2)
Independendiente 99 (86/13)
92 (80/12)
98 (87/11)
Adjunto
107 (76/31)
128 (91/37)
Asistente
84 (51/33)
76 (53/23)
All categories
322 (241/81)
367 (291/76)
Principal
6 (6/0)
1999
Total (men/women)
44 (40/4)
127 (88/39)
64 (45/19)
353 (281/72)
– p.14
Unicamp - Undergraduate
Elza da Costa Cruz Vasconcellos and Sandra Negraes Brisolla
Bacharéis em Física
Média móvel anual centrada de 7 anos
40,0
35,0
30,0
25,0
20,0
15,0
10,0
5,0
0,0
Homens
Mulheres
75 9 78 9 81 9 84 9 87 9 90 9 93 9 96 9 99 0 02
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
– p.15
Unicamp - Masters
Elza da Costa Cruz Vasconcellos and Sandra Negraes Brisolla
– p.16
Unicamp - Doctors
Elza da Costa Cruz Vasconcellos and Sandra Negraes Brisolla
Doutores titulados no IFGW /Unicamp por gênero
% Masc
02
20
99
19
96
19
93
19
90
19
73
19
72
19
73
19
72
19
73
% Fem
19
19
72
90,0
80,0
70,0
60,0
50,0
40,0
30,0
20,0
10,0
0,0
– p.17
Unicamp - Faculty -1994
Elza da Costa Cruz Vasconcellos and Sandra Negraes Brisolla
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Unicamp M
Unicamp F
MS3
MS4
MS5
MS6
– p.18
Unicamp - Faculty - Physics - 1994
Elza da Costa Cruz Vasconcellos and Sandra Negraes Brisolla
40
35
30
25
IFGW M
20
IFGW F
15
10
5
0
MS3
MS4
MS5
MS6
– p.19
Unicamp - Faculty -2004
Elza da Costa Cruz Vasconcellos and Sandra Negraes Brisolla
400
300
Unicamp M
200
Unicamp F
100
0
MS3
MS5
MS6
– p.20
Unicamp - Faculty - Physics - 2004
Elza da Costa Cruz Vasconcellos and Sandra Negraes Brisolla
60
50
40
IFGW M
30
IFGW F
20
10
0
MS3
MS5
MS6
– p.21
Researchers per number of papers
3
1A
1
4
2
1B
8
4
1C
8
4
1D
12
8
4
0
2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
– p.22
Researchers per number of students
12
8
4
1A
8
4
30
20
10
30
20
10
1B
1C
1D
40
20
0
2
0
5
10
15
20
25
– p.23
Average Papers per Level
120
M
F
artigos
90
60
30
0
2
1D
1C
1B
1A
– p.24
What is the problem?
Grant Agencies (Argentina):
Men:13
Women:0
Grant Agencies (Argentina):
Men:12
Women:0
– p.25
What is the solution?
– p.26