52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Effect of mineral mix with different protein sources on nulliparous ewe performance in the final third of
pregnancy¹
Érica Beatriz Schultz2, Marina Elizabeth Barbosa Andrade3, Adriano Santana Crozara2, Gilberto de Lima
Macedo Júnior4, Wendell Fernando Guimarães da Cruz2, Thuanne Machado Lima2, Luciano Fernandes
Sousa5
1
Parte do trabalho de conclusão de curso da primeira autora. Financiado pelo CNPq. Material doado pela Alltech®
Graduando em Zootecnia – Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]
3
Mestrando do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Zootecnia - UNESP, Jaboticabal.
4
Docente da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, FAMEV, UFU.
5
Docente da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Araguaína, TO.
2
Abstract: The goal of this paper was to evaluate the effect of mineral mix with different protein sources on
nulliparous ewe performance in the final third of pregnancy. It was used 15 ewes with 95 days of pregnancy, which
were randomly distributed in three paddocks of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, where they were supplemented
with three types of mineral mix: treatment A (mineral mix with soybean meal), treatment B (mineral mix with soy
pass) and treatment C (mineral mix with soybean meal and soy pass). The evaluations performed every 21 days
were: barrel circumference, body condition score, β-hydroxybutyrate concentration and body weight. There was no
effect of different mineral mix in supplementation for ewes in the final third of pregnancy on body weight, body
condition score, barrel circumference and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. From the period 0 to 15 days, the
animals had higher body weight, while at 30 and 45 days, there was a decrease in body weight and body condition
score due to fetal growth, reduced consumption and increased nutritional requirements. As it approached delivery
there was increased concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate, which reflects the mobilization of body reserves due to
physiological and nutritional factors. Can be concluded that the mineral mixes containing soybean meal, bypass
protein or association between soybean meal and bypass protein do not differ in nulliparous ewe performance on
pasture in the final third of pregnancy.
Keywords: β-hydroxybutyrate, bypass protein, supplementation
Efeito da utilização de proteinados com diferentes fontes proteicas sobre o desempenho de borregas
nulíparas no terço final da gestação
Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do uso de proteinados com diferentes fontes proteicas sobre o desempenho
de borregas nulíparas no terço final da gestação. Foram utilizadas 15 borregas com 95 dias de gestação, sendo
distribuídas aleatoriamente em três piquetes de Brachiaria Brizantha cv. Marandu, onde receberam três tipos de
proteinados: tratamento A (proteinado com farelo de soja), tratamento B (proteinado com soy pass) e tratamento C
(proteinado com farelo de soja e soy pass). As avaliações foram realizadas a cada 21 dias sendo: circunferência de
barril (CB), escore de condição corporal (ECC), concentração de β-hidroxibutirato e peso corporal. Não houve
efeito das diferentes fontes de proteína na suplementação para as borregas no terço final da gestação sobre o peso
corporal, ECC, CB e as concentrações de β-hidroxibutirato. Nos períodos de avaliação de 0 aos 15 dias os animais
apresentaram maior peso corporal, enquanto aos 30 e 45 dias ocorreu queda no peso corporal e de ECC devido ao
crescimento fetal, redução do consumo e aumento das exigências nutricionais. À medida que se aproximou o parto
aumentou a concentração de β-hidroxibutirato, o que reflete a mobilização de reservas corporais devido aos fatores
fisiológicos e nutricionais. Conclui-se que os proteinados contendo farelo de soja, proteína protegida ou associação
entre farelo de soja e proteína protegida não diferem no desempenho de borregas nulíparas a pasto no terço final da
gestação.
Palavras–chave: β-hidroxibutirato, proteína protegida, suplementação
Introduction
Pregnancy is an important phase in the production cycle of sheep and it is in the final third of pregnancy that
occurs the highest foetal growth and mammary gland development, with consequent increased nutritional
requirements (Celi et al., 2008).
Protein supplementation is an alternative to meet the requirements in critical phases, favouring the rumen
microorganisms with greater microbial protein synthesis and fermentation potential (Celi et al., 2008).
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
The goal of this paper was to evaluate the nulliparous ewe performance during the final third of pregnancy
using supplementation with different protein sources in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture.
Material e Methods
The experiment was conducted at Capim Branco Experimental Farm of the Federal University of
Uberlandia, from January to April 2014. It was used 15 ewes with 95 days of pregnancy, which were randomly
distributed in three paddocks of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, where they received three types of mineral mix
according to the treatments: A (mineral mix with soybean meal), B (mineral mix with soy pass) and C (mineral mix
with soybean meal and soy pass). The compositions of the mineral mixes are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Proportions of ingredients used in the formulation of the mineral mixes
Components Treatment A Treatment B Treatment C
Soybean meal
15%
XXXXX
7.5%
Corn meal
20%
20%
20%
Citrus pulp
10%
10%
10%
Mineral Salt
Salt
Urea
Bypass protein
25%
25%
5%
XXXXX
25%
25%
5%
15%
25%
25%
5%
7.5%
The animals, with an average body weight of 40 kg and average age of 16 months, were wormed and
examined and then distributed at 80 days of pregnancy in three paddocks for adaptation, starting the measurements
at 95 days of pregnancy.
The paddocks were constituted by B. brizantha cv. Marandu, with an initial average height of 30 cm, with
feeder and water dispenser containing mineral mix and water ad libitum. It was remained the same stocking rate
(five animals/paddock) in continuous grazing.
The measurements performed every 21 days were: body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), betahydroxybutyrate (BHB) and barrel circumference (BC). The evaluation of body condition score was made using a
method described by Russell et al. (1969). The BHB analysis was done in electronic device and the barrel
circumference was measured with tape measure in the animal's empty rumen area. At delivery it was checked the
offspring weight.
The design was completely randomized with repeated measurements over time. For evaluation of average it
was applied the SNK test at 5% probability. The average body condition score were assessed by non-parametric
statistics.
Results and Discussion
There was no effect of different protein sources in supplementation for ewes in late pregnancy on body
weight, body condition score, barrel circumference and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations (Table 2).
In the period of evaluation from 0 to 15 days, the animals had higher body weight, which corresponds to the
beginning of the final third of gestation, while at 30 and at 45 days there was a decrease in body weight and body
condition score (Table 2). At the end of pregnancy greater losses of body reserves happens, as well as increased
nutritional requirements and reduced consumption capacity. Good nutrition in early and mid-pregnancy is important
for the restoration of body reserves, which was observed in this study. The sheep must reach the lambing period
with a body condition around 3.5 (Susin et al., 1995). The experimental values are lower than the recommended
(Table 2), which led to lower body weight of lambs at birth (Table 2) and a decrease in sheep performance and
higher rates of postnatal mortality (27%).
As approached delivery, BHB concentration increased (Table 2), and this is an indicative of negative energy
balance (NEB). According to Macedo Junior et al. (2010), in late pregnancy some factors contribute to the negative
energy balance, such as reduced feed energy utilization, endocrine factors and lower appetite due to decreased
gastrointestinal tract volume promoted by the large space occupied by the foetus.
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52a Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de
Zootecnia
Zootecnia: Otimizando Recursos e Potencialidades
Belo Horizonte – MG, 19 a 23 de Julho de 2015
Table 2. Effect of different sources of protein and the evaluation period on body and offspring weight (kg), body
condition score (BCS), barrel circumference (BC) in cm and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in mg/dL in nulliparous
ewes in the final third of pregnancy
Treatment
Soybean meal (SM)
BW
47.54
Treatment
Soybean meal (SM)
BCS
BC
BHB
Offspring Weight (kg)
2.78
103.8
0.47
1.8
Bypass protein (BP)
48.31
Bypass protein (BP)
3.1
105.5
0.48
2.27
SM + BP
47.02
SM + BP
2.85
103.8
0.49
1.95
Period
BW
Period
BCS CBC
BHB
0 (95 days of pregnancy) 44.41C
Beginning
3.25A 105.4
0.34B
15(110 days of pregnancy) 53.33A
Middle
2.93B XXX
0.30B
30(125 days of pregnancy) 50.12B
End
2.63 C 103.33
0.78A
45(140 days of pregnancy) 42.64C
Reference values*
0.55±0.04*
Coeffient of variation
5.53
Coeffient of variation
4.73
13.65
Mean
47.62
Mean
2.91 104.36
0.48
Different letters differ in the column by SNK test at 5%. *(Kaneko, 2008)
25.91
2.00
The values found at the beginning and the middle of the final third of pregnancy are within expected by
Kaneko (2008). However, at the end of the pregnancy period BHB values are higher than expected (Table 2),
indicating a possible pregnancy toxaemia due to high serum ketone bodies. However, no clinical case has been
verified in this study. Then, it is inferred that the data obtained with temperate origin animals cannot be adjusted for
animals raised in tropical countries. Thus, more research must be done to obtain appropriate values to these
animals.
Conclusions
It is concluded that the different mineral mixes containing soybean meal, bypass protein or association
between soybean meal and bypass protein do not differ in nulliparous ewe performance on pasture in the final third
of pregnancy.
References
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hormonal profiles of dairy goats and respective kids. Small Rumin. Res. v.79, p.129-136, 2008.
KANEKO, J.J.; HARVEY, J.W.; BRUSS, M.L. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals.6 .ed. San Diego:
Academic Press, 2008. 916p.
MACEDO JÚNIOR, G.L.; FERREIRA, M.I.C.; BORGES, I. et al. Consumo e digestibilidade aparente das frações
fibrosas por ovelhas gestantes submetidas ou não à restrição nutricional. Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. An., v.11,
n.1, p 179-192, 2010.
RUSSEL, A.J.F.; DONEY, J.M.; GUNN, R.G. Subjective assessment of body fat in live sheep. Journal of
Agricultural Science, v.72, p.451-454, 1969.
SUSIN, I.; LOERCH S.C., McCLUREKE., D.M.L. Effects of supplemental protein source on passage of nitrogen
to the small intestine nutritional status of pregnant ewes, and wool follicle development of progeny. Journal of
Animal Science, v.73, p.3206- 3215, 1995.
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