© Copyrighted Material
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© Copyrighted Material
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Alvares, Manoel, priest 254
Alvarez, Afonso 161, 207, 215, 217
Alvarez, Alonso 50, 193
Alvarez, Baltasar 97, 125
Alvarez, Bartolameu 156
Alvarez, Bastyam 56, 159
Alvarez, Bento 174
Alvarez de Caminha, Pedro 65
Alvarez, Joham 90, 176
Alvarez, Luis 196
Alvarez, Nuno, scribe 132
Alvarez, Pedr 51
Alvarez, Pedro 65, 74, 77, 80, 94
Alvarez, Pero 48, 103, 128, 143
Alvarez, Saltasar 78
Alvarez, Vicent 67, 84, 145
Amado, Duarte, scribe 89, 92
Andre, Joham 139, 140
Anes, Afonso 62, 144
Anes, Francisco 108, 135, 208
Anes, Goncalo 210, 212
Anes, Lourenco 125, 126, 129, 212
Anes, Martyn 133
Anes, Vycente 112, 113
animist Serers 22, 25
defeat of Muslims 27
Henry the Navigator
–– alliance 26–27
–– supply of horses by 27, 28
Portugal, alliance 29–33
slave trading 31
Annes, Vicente, capt 173
Anriquez, Alvaro 153
Anrryquez, Guaspar, scribe 54
Anryquez, Gaspar 81, 85, 115, 136, 151
m
as
Afomso, Francisco 64
Afonso, Andre, capt of Santiago x, 7, 76,
115, 225, 227, 228, 231, 234, 239,
245, 250
Afonso, Diogo 1, 9, 216
Afonso, Estevam 220
Afonso, Fernam, sailor 223
Afonso, Fernand, pilot 110, 215, 216, 217,
223
Afonso, Francisco 67, 68, 114, 138, 175
Afonso, Goncalo 82, 177
Afonso, Joham 135, 157
Afonso, Jorge 107, 127
Afonso, Luis 100
Afonso, Mestre 83, 85
Afonso, Pero, capt 101, 102, 103, 217
Afonso, Rodrigo 10
Afonso V, King of Portugal 10, 30, 35, 181,
253
Africans see Cape Verde Islands, Africans
Aguiar, Jorge 106
Aires, Gomez 168, 172
Alcáçovas, Treaty of (1479) 30, 182, 182–83
Alcatrazes harbor 61
Ale harbor 32
Alemam, Joham 167, 175
Alexander VI, Pope 182
Alivim, Francisco 104
Alleman, Diogo 120, 177
Allvim, Pero 104
almoxarife, head customs officer 2, 43, 49
Alonso, Diogo 214, 217
Alonso, Fernam 200
Alonso, Fernand 201
Alonso, Pero 187, 193, 204, 207
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References to illustrations are in bold.
288 Before Middle Passage: Translated Portuguese Manuscripts of Atlantic Slave Trading
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© Copyrighted Material
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Cabral, Pedro Alvares 31–32
Cacheu see São Domingos/Cacheu
Cadamosto, Alvis 1, 29
voyages to West Africa 28
Caldeyra, Bernaldim 54
Caldeyra, Joham 59
Caldeyra, Manoel 129
Calldeira, Joham 153
Canary Islands 180, 181, 182, 224
Cansino, Joham 217
Cansyno, Alonso 185
Cansyno, Diogo Alonso 187, 192
Cansyno, Joham 216
Cansyno, Yoham 191, 192
Cantor, description 34–35
Cape Verde Islands ix, 8–17
Africans
–– abuses inflicted on 263
–– animals, treated as 249
–– free 247
–– nobility 16, 19, 41
–– unnamed 248–49
animal husbandry 221fn85
Canary Currents, location on 256
Caribbean, sailing time 257
census (1513) 12–13, 15, 94fn11, 252
colonists
–– genealogists 163fn20
–– nationalities 15–16
cotton exports 149
criminals 13
demographic information 51fn17
discovery of 1, 8–9, 28
exports 1
m
as
Baliero, Gomes 38
Bana, Diogo 92
Banha, Afonso 90
Bartolomeu, Joham 195
Benin 32
Beziguiche harbor 31, 32
Bica, Pero 163
Bijagos Islanders
defeat of Portuguese 38
war canoes 38–39
Bijagos Islands 37, 38
Bispo, Miguel 66, 68, 98, 155
Bocarro, Joham 137
Bombaca, Joham Fernandez 143
bombas, disease 99, 103, 135, 169
Bordallo, Bras 168
Bordallo, Francisco 111
Bordallo, Joham 127, 172
Bordallo, Pero Alvarez 4, 59, 71, 75, 85, 89,
93, 99, 105, 108, 125
Borges, Pero 135
bota, wine measure 190fn32
Botelho, Diogo 144
Botelho, Duarte 125
Bras, Frei 105
Brásio, António 249
Bravo, Luis 237
as
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Brazil 31
abolition of slavery (1888) 260
discovery of 32
Portuguese voyages to 32
Breu, Diogo Fernandez 94
Brysida, Dona 54, 55, 56, 56fn24, 69, 74,
126
m
© Copyrighted Material
Arantes, Francisco 206
Arraez, Diogo 90, 119, 172
Atlantic slave trade x, 8
clerical involvement 59fn29, 74fn9
mortality, low 58fn27, 80, 80fn19
numbers 244fn5
sources on 15
Spanish involvement 50fn13–14
see also Spanish Caribbean, slave
trade
Atlantic winds and currents 6, 16
map xiii
Ayres, Lopo 53, 128
Azores (Islands) 202, 239
Index
289
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© Copyrighted Material
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Carneiro, Luis, scribe 49, 156, 166, 171,
173, 176, 177, 220, 223
Carvalho, Belchior 228, 263
Carvalho, Joham 100, 124, 172
Casado, Bras 169
Castanho, Lopo, pilot 58, 83, 85, 96, 112,
154
Castano, Lopez 151
Castano, Lopo 154
Catanho, Alexandre 155, 175
Catanho brothers 196–97
Catellao, Antonio 130
caulkers 152fn6, 165
Centeo, Joham 118
Ceuta 26
Chainho, Antonio 78
Charles V, King of Spain 259
edict initiating Middle Passage 260
–– text 275–76
Chaynho, Joham Lopez 115, 117, 136,
172, 176
Chorno, Fernam 50
Choro, Diogo 158
Chyano, Joham Lopez 208
Coelho, Bertolameo 58, 82, 84, 127, 138
Coelho, Fernam 128
Coelho, Gonçalo 32
Coelhos, Diogo 173
Colaco, Rodrigo Afonso, capt 71, 91, 128
Collaca, Rodrigo Afonso 146
Columbus, Christopher 1, 181
voyages
–– Americas 182
–– Cape Verde Islands, to Trinidad
6, 256
–– Spain, to Canary Islands 16
Congo 32
Cordeiro, Belchior 224
Cordeiro, Joham, capt 97, 103, 154, 156
Correa, Barbara 78, 196
Cota, Garcya 161, 191
cotton production, Fogo Island 149, 192
m
© Copyrighted Material
foreign nationals 93fn7, 245
Founding Charter (1466) 11, 253
Gambia, illegal trading 35
goats 192fn40
Gold Coast (Ghana), trade with 11–12
governorships 9, 61fn32
imports, West Africa
–– food 43, 264
–– merchandise 264–65
land area 180fn2
natural resources 10, 263
priests 13–14, 247
royal trading licenses 11
São Tomé Island, trade 106
slave trade 1
–– age/gender profile 250, 267
–– agents 248
–– annual numbers, from West
Africa 243–44
–– named traders 249
–– to Iberia 264
–– to Spanish Caribbean 6, 8, 179,
258, 260, 261, 262
Spain
–– invasion by 29
–– trade with 182, 256
Spanish merchants 11, 98fn19
strategic location 10, 254
sugar production 149
tax collection 2
–– corruption 3, 138fn17, 262
–– in kind 3
tax free concessions 11
tax payments 20
textiles, imports from Holland 187,
189, 197, 209
women
–– African 12
–– European 12
see also Santiago Island
caravella, ship 132, 133
Careiro, Pero 224
290 Before Middle Passage: Translated Portuguese Manuscripts of Atlantic Slave Trading
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Da Azurara, Gomes Eannes 25
Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest
of Guinea 27
© Copyrighted Material
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da Costa, Jorgue 61
da Costa, Soeyro 137
da Cunha, Tristão 32
da Gama, Vasco 31, 40
Da Mota, A. Teixeira, editor, Santiago ship
log 21
da Sequeyra, Catarina 133
da Sillveyra, Lopo, scribe 96
da Silva, Jorge 233
da Silveira, Lopo 74
da Veigua, Anryque 130, 131
d’Abreu, Antonio 114
d’Abreu, Martim 79
d’Aca, Goncalo 205, 206
d’Adana, Rodrigo 62
d’Afomso, Fernam 52
d’Aguea, Joham, capt 75, 169
d’Aguiar, Jorge 105
d’Aguiar, Rui 96, 143, 145, 153, 168, 218
d’Alcacovas, Fernam 160
d’Aldana, Pero 193
d’Aldaya, Francisco 195
d’Allemam, Joham, capt 117, 153
d’Allmanca, Joham 215, 217, 222, 223
d’Allvym, Francisco 155
d’Almeida, Bastiam 72
d’Amieyra, Joham Fernandez 134
D’Aparico, Piriz 53
d’Arantes, Francisco 189, 193, 199, 207,
211, 219
d’Arcos, Francisco 202
d’Atouguia, Tristam 142
d’Atougya, Transta 169
d’Aveiro, Joham 45
d’Avis, Joham 111
de Albuquerque, Afonso, Dom 237
de Albuquerque, Luis, Escalas Da Carreira
Da India 31
de Alemam, Joham 93
de Alemao, Joham 93, 101
de Almada, André Alvares, mulatto
nobleman 254
m
© Copyrighted Material
criado 124fn7
customs receipt book (1513), ships paying
duties in Cape Verde Islands
corrupt customs officials 44
English translation 45–68
preface 43–44
customs receipt book (1513–15), taxes
on captive Africans in Cape Verde
Islands 184–224
note 180–83
preface 179–80
customs receipt book (1513–1516) ix–x
abbreviations 20–21
captains’ names 5
contents 2
customs forms 19–20
decipherment 20
economic information 5–6
facsimile page xi
transcription xii
Portuguese version (1990) 17, 18,
20–21
ships’ listings 20
significance of 245
translation/transcription 17
customs receipt book (1514)
ships paying customs duties 71–85
–– preface 69–70
ships returning from West Africa 89–120
–– preface 87–88
customs receipt book (1515), duties
collected in Cape Verde Islands
123–47
preface 121–22
customs receipt book (1515–16), duties
paid by ships returning from
trading in West Africa 151–77
preface 149–50
Index
291
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© Copyrighted Material
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de Lugo, Pedro 181
de Macedo, Joham 83, 84
de Magualhaes, Fernam, scribe 75
de Marchena, Joham 215, 217
de Mello, Fernam, nobleman 97, 106, 121,
123, 124, 138, 145, 154
de Montarroio, Fernando, capt 31
de Moscoso, Bellnalld Yannes 219
de Mota, Afonso 214, 218
de nolle (de Noli), Antonio, governor 1, 8,
9, 12, 14, 28, 31, 98, 165, 182, 254
de nolle (de Noli), Antonio, relative of
governor 93, 93fn8
de nolle (de Noli), Bartholomeu 9, 254
de nolle (de Noli) family 15
de nolle (de Noli), Joham 132
de nolle (de Noli), Raphael 9, 254
de Nougerol, Francisco 174
de Paiva, Antonio 164
de Payva, Bastam 100
de Poras, Cristovam 188, 193, 207
de Porras, Cristovam 206
de Rego, Jorge, nobleman 213, 222
de Rosa, Vasco 96
de Rrodes, Jorge 130
de Santarem, Joham 55
de Sequeira, Catarina 170, 171
de Sequeyra, Joham 50, 118, 120
de Serpa, Joham 73
de Sousa, Catarina 85
de Tavila, Joham 78
de Tavora, Manuel 171
de Varguas, Lazaro 132
de Veygua, Anrryque 55
de Villa Nova, Marty, capt 169
de Vyana, Pero 66, 163
de Vylhena, Joham 78, 196
Delgauado, Salvador 208
Delgaudo, Hamtam 219
Delguado, Antam 219
Delguado, Bras 108
Delguado, Pero 210
m
© Copyrighted Material
de Almeida, Dom Francisco 32
de Azembuja, Dogo, Cmndr 30
de Barchi, Cesare 31, 256
de Barros, João 32, 240, 241
de Bragua, Joham 101
de Bragua, Pero 119
de Caceres, Gaspar 130
de Carvalhaes, Afomso 62
de Castro, Francisco, scribe 49, 52
de Ceceres, Guaspar 219
de Chaves, Alvaro 66, 68, 171
de Chaves, Baltasar 165
de Chaves, Francisquo 164
de Crasto, Francisco, scribe 117, 123, 126,
128, 129, 144
de Crasto, Goncallo 140, 168
de Evora, Pero 40
de Farynha, Famgas 101
de Fereyra, Joham 99
de Frorenca, Fernam 52, 98
de Gauma, Duarte 145
de Goes, Martim 54
de Guimaraes, Pero, judge 102, 112, 252
de Guymaraes, Joham, scribe 59, 92, 109,
110, 113
de Haro, Christovam 40
de Hojeda, Alonso 257
de La Ferya, Francisco 189, 190, 193, 203,
204, 206, 207, 214, 218, 219, 220
de Lameguo, Joham 155
de Lepe, Joham 157
de Leva, Goncalo 197, 199, 200, 201, 202
de Liam, Francisco 216
de Liam, Goncalo 45, 212
de Lila, João 35
de Lillo, Antonio, Dr 29
de Lima, Francisco 218
de Lima, Palos 77
de Lisboa, Joham ( John of Lisbon) 55
de Llyxboa, Joham 114
de Lomilim, Joham 220
de Lugo, João 181
292 Before Middle Passage: Translated Portuguese Manuscripts of Atlantic Slave Trading
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hg
do Valle, Joham 108
Domingos, Joham 176, 210
Dominguez, Francisco 209, 212
Dominguez, Pero 212
Dominguz, Joham 177
Donelha, André (de Nolle/de Noli) 254–55
Doria, Antonio 224
Duram, Francisco 114, 116
Dyz, Afonso 120, 153, 206, 208, 214,
218
Dyz, Alvaro 105, 108
Dyz, Cristovam 219
Dyz, Damiam 134
Dyz, Francisco 112
Dyz, Gaspar 103
Dyz, Joham 110, 113
Dyz, Lopo 130
Dyz, Pero 114
Dyz, Vicente 146
Dyz, Vicente, capt 96, 98, 109
Dyz, Vicente, judge 111
Dyz, Vycente 146
m
© Copyrighted Material
Dellguado, Francisco 124
Dellguado, Martim 214, 218
d’Espyndolla, Antonio 176
d’Estaco, Francisco Lopez 171
d’Evora, João 236
d’Evora, Joham 100, 107
d’Evora, Pero 100
Dias, Francisco 228, 263
Dias, Vicente 1
Diaz, Afonso 169, 176, 201, 202, 221, 224
Diaz, Aleixos 81
Diaz, Allvaro 111
Diaz, Alvaro, head customs officer 43, 44,
48, 49, 52, 56, 57, 64, 65, 67, 69,
71, 75, 79, 89, 93, 99, 102, 103,
106, 109, 113, 116, 117, 120, 121,
123, 125, 126, 129, 133, 134, 135,
136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 145,
146, 147, 149, 151, 152, 154, 156,
160, 162, 165, 166, 169, 170, 171,
173, 176, 195, 196, 198, 200, 203,
206, 207, 211, 213, 214, 217, 218,
219, 220, 223, 224, 246
Diaz, Antonio 130
Diaz, Bartholameu 50
Diaz, Bastym 54
Diaz, Christopher 94
Diaz, Estevam 92
Diaz, Francisco 59
Diaz, Francysquo 174
Diaz, Gaspar 156
Diaz, Goncalo 263
Diaz, Joham 56, 91
Diaz, Lopo 167
Diaz, Manuel, scribe 80, 81, 162, 163, 164
Diaz, Pero 194, 195
Diaz, Tome 45, 221
Diaz, Vicente 57, 91, 171, 172, 175
Dinis, Ysabell 105
dizima import/export tax x, 4–5, 45,
184fn11
do Rego, Pero 145
Eanes, Allvar 120
Eanes, Alvar 212
Eanes, Alvro 117
Eanes, Gomes, pilot 52
Eanes, Johan 104, 142
Eanes, Jorge 221
Eannes, Afonso 162
Eannes, Allvro 101
Eannes, Alvaro 176, 197
Eannes, Gill 196
Eannes, Goncalo 77, 196
Eannes, Ines 78
Eannes, Joham 161
Eannes, Lorenco 90, 92
encomenda, slave supply system 48fn10,
248
Espinosa, Maneio 222, 223
Estevez, Alvaro 50
Estevez, Pero 64
© Copyrighted Material
Index
293
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Falcam, Antonio, scribe 93
Faleiro, Miguel 79
Falleyro, Miguell 115
Falleyro, Miguell, capt 95
Farinbraço, Mandinga King 36
Ferandez, Machim 196
Ferao, Goncalo 106
Ferdinand and Isabella, King and Queen of
Spain 181
Ferdinand, Prince 10
Ferdinand, King of Spain 9, 29, 258, 259,
261
Fereyra, Cristovam 145, 218
Fernandes, Goncalo 116
Fernandes, João 236, 237
Fernandes, Lopo 54
Fernandes, Manuel 60
Fernandes, Pero 233
Fernandes, Valentim 36, 265
Fernandez, Afomso 57
Fernandez, Afonso 107, 135, 161, 174
Fernandez, Alvaro 165
Fernandez, Alvoro 51
Fernandez, Anryque 132
Fernandez, Antonio, capt 40, 87, 89, 92,
98, 101, 153, 174, 196
Fernandez, Bastam 100, 124
Fernandez, Bento, royal auditor 3, 67, 73,
77, 78, 79, 83, 88, 91, 92, 94, 98,
105, 109, 111, 112, 130, 133, 134,
136, 138, 141, 145, 149, 154, 157,
160, 162, 164
Fernandez, Briatyz 120
Fernandez, Christovam 113
Fernandez, Diogo 55, 73, 76, 78, 80, 83,
104, 105, 108, 115, 116, 117, 133,
142, 146, 167, 169
Fernandez, Francisco, capt 61, 63, 107,
135, 136
Fernandez, Gaspar 83, 96, 224
Fernandez, Goncalo 114, 131
Fernandez, Gravell 131
Fernandez, Joham, capt 49, 51, 73, 77, 82,
91, 92, 94, 111, 119, 127, 134, 135,
145, 155, 157, 158, 165, 168
Fernandez, Lopo 83, 85, 98, 113, 151
Fernandez, Lorenco 167
Fernandez, Luis 175
Fernandez, Manoel 132
Fernandez, Manuel 60, 164, 166
Fernandez, Nicolao, capt 106, 107, 166,
167, 170
Fernandez, Pai, scribe 155
Fernandez, Pero 45, 58, 61, 82, 137, 143,
173, 220, 223
Fernandez, Simao 81, 120, 124
Fernandez, Symam 84, 118, 138, 170, 191
Fernandez, Tomas 81, 83, 126, 174
Fernandez, Vasco 100, 137
Ferreira, Anryque 106
Ferreira, Garcya 105
Ferreira, Gonçalo 28
Fialho, Ruy 67
Fillipe, Jorge 82, 96
Filype, Jorgue 47
Fogaca, Joham 78
Fogo Island 4, 88, 97, 176
cotton production 149, 192
Foguaca, Joham 108
Folgueira, Ruy 48, 60, 165
Follguyra, Rui 112
Foram, Francisco 57
Fornecydo, Joham 134
Francisquo, Pero 169
Franco, Goncalo 139, 140
Froez, Goncalo 55
m
© Copyrighted Material
Estevez, Vincente 208
Estevez, Ysabell 74, 116, 144
Gambia, River 22, 33, 35
Garcia, Antam 94, 185, 186, 193, 199, 207
Garcya, Rui 141, 177
Gardes, Pero 52
© Copyrighted Material
294 Before Middle Passage: Translated Portuguese Manuscripts of Atlantic Slave Trading
hg
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Haring, C.H. 260
Henry the Navigator, Prince 3fn4, 8, 10,
14, 25, 28, 39
animist Serers
–– alliance with 26–27
–– supply of horses to 27, 28, 265
Hispaniola 258, 259, 260
population 261
Homem, Joham 54
horses
breeding 186fn24
humans, equivalent value 172fn31,
265
supplied by Henry the Navigator, to
animist Serers 27, 28, 265
trade 122, 265
m
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hg
Guinea Bissau ix, x, 7, 225, 250
Guinea of Cape Verde 22, 36
economies 24–26
ferrous goods 25
forest kingdoms 23–24
geography 23
Muslims and Ancestor-Worshippers,
map xv
rainforests 23
slavery 26
textiles, trading of 25
see also Sierra Leone; Upper Guinea
Coast; West Africa
Guodinho, Duarte, scribe 71
Guylham, Yoham 194
Guylhem, Joham 188
Gyll, Fernam 108, 143
Gyraldez, Marcos 170
m
© Copyrighted Material
glossary 285–86
Godinho, Duarte, scribe 71, 72
Gold Coast (Ghana) 11, 25
Cape Verde Islands, trade with 11–12
Elmina fortress 12, 30
gold trade 7, 31, 34, 35
Gomes, Diogo 1, 8, 28, 31
Gomes, Pero 83
Gomez, Ayres, scribe 140, 146
Gomez, Bastyam 51
Gomez, Bento 133
Gomez, Bernaldym 131
Gomez, Diogo, pilot 111, 152, 153, 173
Gomez, Fernam 205
Gomez, Francisco 158
Gomez, Joham 210, 212
Gomez, Manuel 53
Gomez, Pero, capt 47, 79, 115, 140, 151
Gomez, Rui 208
Goncallvez, Afonso 161
Goncallvez, Gyomar 175
Goncallvez, Joham 167
Goncalo, Francisco 161
Goncalvez, Afonso 97, 98
Goncalvez, Alonso 191
Goncalvez, Alvaro, scribe 99, 154
Goncalvez, Caterina 223
Goncalvez, Dinis 49
Goncalvez, Domingos 152
Goncalvez, Francisco 155
Goncalvez, Joham 51, 73, 74, 78, 90, 91,
92, 194
Goncalvez, Lourenco 91
Goncalvez, Pero 55, 59, 152, 161
Goncalvez, Rui 142, 196
Grand Canary Island 194
Grego, Francisco 131
Guereiro, Christopher 84
Guereiro, Cristovam 82
Guerra, Francisco 195
Guilhem, Joham 119, 155, 206, 219–20
Guine see Guinea of Cape Verde
India, Portuguese voyages to 31–32
Isabella, Queen of Spain 182, 258
see also Ferdinand and Isabella
ivory trade 80, 87, 106, 109, 112, 116,
117, 121–22, 138–39, 156, 166,
170–71, 236–37
© Copyrighted Material
Index
295
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Machado, Diogo 119
Machado, Yoham 62, 193
Madeira Islands x, 1, 179, 180
Mali empire 23, 25
Mandingas 14, 22, 23, 31, 35, 232, 265
Manhoz, Goncalo 81
Manuel I, King of Portugal 3, 32, 33, 34,
35, 40, 49, 121, 213, 228fn9, 249,
252, 253, 260
letter from Ribeira Grande Town
Council 273–74
Maritime Quadrant
extent 40
map xiv
Maroons 258
Marquez, Diogo, pilot 135, 195, 196
Martinz, Afonso 59, 83, 116
Martinz, Antam 63, 108, 124
Martinz, Antonio 198
Martinz, Bartholomeu 192
Martinz, Estevam 218
Martinz, Francisco, factor 4, 56, 57, 65,
71, 75, 79, 80, 82, 84, 89, 93, 102,
103, 106, 107, 108, 109, 113, 117,
m
as
lançados 8, 15, 36, 39, 40, 152, 169fn29, 226,
234fn26, 235fn27–28, 253, 255
Las Casas, Bartholomeu de, Bishop 14, 17,
259–60, 263
latitude and longitude 257
Leitam, Diogo 105
Leo X, Pope 33
Leytam, Estevam 47
Leytam, Symam 55
Liam, Panta 100
Liberia 39
Lisbon
black Africans 251
spelling variations 114fn37
Lleytam, Symam 127
Lopes, Diogo 159
Lopes, Francisco 152
Lopes, Goncalo 241
Lopes, Pero 184
Lopes, Rui 162
Lopez, Afonso 73
Lopez, Bento 128
Lopez, Diogo, scribe 47, 91
Lopez, Duarte, capt 58, 113, 151
Lopez, Fernam 74
Lopez, Francisco 64, 118, 120, 156
Lopez, Gomez 136, 165
hg
Klein, Martin 31
.co
m
as
hg
ate
.co
m
as
hg
Lopez, Joham 133, 171
Lopez, Manoel 129
Lopez, Manuel, scribe 49, 52, 56, 57
Lopez, Pero 191, 192
Lopez, Rodrigo 197
Lopez, Ruy 64, 133, 156, 160, 162, 176,
177
Lopez, Tristam 54
Lopez, Tristao 90, 92, 93
Lorence, Fernam 40
Lourenco, Goncalo 172
Lourenco, Martim 208
Lugo brothers 256
Luis, Antonio 46, 47
Luis, Joham 45, 77
Luis, Marcos 154
Luis, Pero 61
m
© Copyrighted Material
João II, King of Portugal 30, 33, 40
João III, King of Portugal 8, 15, 38, 40, 228
João VI, King of Portugal 33
Jobson, Richard 37–38
Jorge, Frey 143
Jorge, Joham 152
Jorgue, Tristam 51, 168
Julhos, Diogo 124
Jusarte, Estevam 134, 165, 196, 196fn54
Jusarte, Nicolao 76
Just Wars, and slavery 14, 17, 259
Juzarte, Estevam 135
© Copyrighted Material
296 Before Middle Passage: Translated Portuguese Manuscripts of Atlantic Slave Trading
m
as
hg
ate
.co
m
hg
ate
.co
m
as
hg
ate
.co
Nicholas V, Pope, Romanus pontifex bull 27
Nigeria 32
noblemen, black 19, 33
Nogueira, Afonso 79
Nogueyra, Amador 131
Nogueyra, Domingos 107, 108, 109, 141
Norgueira, Afonso 59, 82
Norgueyra, Domingos 117
Nunez, Afonso 113
Nunez, Cristovam 188, 193, 204, 205, 207,
214, 218, 219
Nunez, Filype 130
Nunez, Joham 50
Nunez, Jorge 4, 65, 71, 75, 80, 84, 89, 93,
106, 108, 109, 113, 117, 123, 126,
129, 135, 136, 139, 141, 151, 153,
154, 156, 160, 162, 166, 171, 173,
176, 195, 201, 203, 206, 211, 214,
217, 218, 219, 220, 224
Nunez, Pero 144, 145, 169
m
as
.co
ate
hg
as
m
.co
ate
m
as
hg
.co
ate
as
hg
m
.co
ate
as
hg
.co
as
hg
ate
154, 176, 203, 206, 211, 213, 214,
217, 218, 219
Mosqueira, Gomez Aires 174
mulatto, etymology 77fn16
Muslims
defeat by animist Serers 27
enslavement of 26, 27
in Guinea of Cape Verde, map xv
m
© Copyrighted Material
123, 126, 129, 133, 135, 136, 139,
141, 151, 154, 156, 160, 162, 166,
171, 173, 176, 184, 195, 200, 201,
211, 213, 214, 215, 217, 218, 219,
220, 224
Martinz, Lourenco 174
Martinz, Luis 223
Martinz, Nuno 50, 208
Martinz, Pero 142
matamungo 237, 240
Mateus, Pero 198, 201
Mazcarenhas, Antonio Rodriguez 92
Measures
ancient 270
cloth 270
dry capacity 270
square 271
and weights, Portuguese 187fn28,
269–71
wine 269
Mendez, Afomso 193
Mendez, Antonio 118, 120
Mendez, Baltasar 100, 129, 132
Mendez, Fernam, capt 52, 64, 99, 102, 130,
134, 145, 194, 212
Mendez, Gaspar 56, 93, 117
Mendez, Manoel 113, 114
Mendez, Manuel 158, 159
Mendez, Martym, capt 99
Meteus, Pero 201
Meyrynho, Bastym 54
Middle Passage x, 8
end of 260
royal edict initiating 260
–– text 275–76
milho (millet), exports from West Africa
43, 69, 80, 84, 85, 87, 92, 117, 125,
129, 134, 141, 147
Monhoz, Goncalo 81, 84
Moniz, Luis 62, 193
Monteiro, Francisco, scribe 102, 109, 117,
123, 126, 129, 135, 136, 146, 151,
olive oil trade 189
Order of Christ ix, 3, 52fn18, 61, 71, 88,
95, 104, 149, 243, 246
Ovando, Nicolas 257–58
Pacenha, Joham 54
Pacheco, Gomes 38
Paez, Alvaro 136
paleography, Portuguese
abbreviations 18–19
problems 18
rules 17–18
© Copyrighted Material
Index
297
.co
as
hg
ate
.co
m
quarto tax ix, xii, 2
Quinteiro, Antonio, pilot 199, 201
Quinteiro, Estevam 220
quinto, tax 3
m
as
.co
ate
hg
as
m
.co
ate
co
m
as
hg
hg
ate
.
as
.co
m
ate
hg
as
ate
hg
ate
.co
m
as
hg
ate
.co
m
as
hg
Piriz, Joham 50
Piriz, Manuel 45
Piriz, Myguel 51
Portugal
animist Serers, alliance 29–33
Spain, hostilities (1475–79) 29, 30,
182
Portuguese
defeat by Bijagos Islanders 38
West Africans, first contacts 28
Praia da Santa Maria, city 156
Preto, Antonio 53
Preto, Diogo 157
Preto, Joham 167
pto abbreviation 18–19, 87, 89
Pyrez, Alvaro 85
m
© Copyrighted Material
Palme Island (Goree) 32
Pardo, Fernam 57
Parry, J.H. 9
Pastana, Joham, factor 203
Pata, Joham 159
Patterson, Orlando 248
peca, unit designation 248
Pecanha, Joham 60, 64, 68, 76, 101, 108,
132, 147, 159
Pereira, Duarte Pachecho 34, 40
Pereira, Joham 73, 127, 168
Pereira, Ruy 54, 57, 72, 73, 79, 84, 95, 97,
102, 113, 125, 138, 151, 152, 173,
175, 216
Pereira, Symao, capt 80
Pestana, Afonso 236, 237
Pestana, Joham, factor 113, 123, 126, 129,
134, 135, 136, 139, 147, 155, 206,
211, 213
Pimenta, Diogo Gill, scribe 65
pineiras 203, 204
Pinto, Alvaro Rodriguez, scribe 160
Pinto, Duarte Rodrigue 4
Pinto, Fernam 187, 193, 208, 212
Pires, Antonio, Santiago scribe x, 7, 225,
227, 245
Pires, Vicente 152
Pirez, Alvaro 82, 94, 96, 129
Pirez, Antam 209, 212
Pirez, Bastyam 100, 144, 153, 154, 159,
172, 196
Pirez, Belchior, scribe 64, 65, 71, 75, 80, 89,
98, 128, 195
Pirez, Diogo 215, 217
Pirez, Fernam 82, 127
Pirez, Gaspar 196
Pirez, Goncalo 79, 125, 152, 168
Pirez, Joham 103, 142
Pirez, Sabastyam 103
Pirez, Salvador 142
Piriez, Bastyam, scribe 61, 67
Piriz, Bastym 194
Ramirez, Joham 91, 155, 211, 220
Ramos, Vasco 104
Ramyrez, Joham 48
rendeiros 2, 4, 35, 46, 49, 123fn3, 149, 262
Ribeira Grande 9, 15, 43, 56, 64, 65, 121,
182
population 252
Town Council (1512)
–– letter to Manuel I: 273–74
–– members 272, 273
Ribeyro, Francisco 107
Ribeyro, Rodrigo 104
rice trade 68fn40, 84, 92, 120, 154
Rivers of Guinea (Rios de Guiné), Cape
Verde colonists 35
Rodney, Walter 23, 37
Rodrigo, Duarte 165
Rodrigo, Lopo 171
Rodrigues, Diogo, scribe 73, 93
Rodrigues, Pero 159
© Copyrighted Material
298 Before Middle Passage: Translated Portuguese Manuscripts of Atlantic Slave Trading
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as
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hg
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© Copyrighted Material
as
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hg
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hg
as
m
.co
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m
as
hg
.co
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hg
ate
as
hg
ate
.co
m
sailing times (1498–1500), map xiii
Sal Island 10
Sanches, Estevam 223
Sanchez, Fernam 197, 198, 201, 202
Santa Maria, Spanish port 196
Santiago Island 4, 31, 69, 88, 262
Santiago ship log (1526) x, 245–46, 250–51
abbreviations 21–22
captain
–– instructions to 228–31
–– Sierra Leone
–– trade with white men
232–34
–– tributes paid to African
kings 231–32
Da Mota edition 21
English translation 227–41
Europe/West Africa, exports 7
grammatical features 21
merchandise
–– trading rates 229–30
–– transported from Portugal to
West Africa 227
–– verification 239–41
orthography 21
port taxes, to African kings 8
preface 225–26
sailing time map (1526) xvi
sailors, desertions 237, 253
São Domingos/Cacheu trade, reference
36
scribe, instructions to 227–28
Sierra Leone, port taxes 24
slave mortality 7, 225, 238–39, 251,
262, 268
São Domingos River
kingdoms 37
trade fairs 36
São Domingos/Cacheu 121, 125, 235, 250
forest kingdoms 38
port of call 36
port taxes paid 236
trade, reference in Santiago ship log 36
São Tomé Island 121, 264
Cape Verde Islands, trade 106
Sardinha, Ysabell 78
Sardynha, Pero 145, 164, 169
Sardynhel, Isabell 60
m
© Copyrighted Material
Rodriguez, Afonso 140
Rodriguez, Alvaro 82, 104, 155, 160, 162,
224
Rodriguez, Alvoro 63
Rodriguez, Antonio, scribe 46, 47, 49,
60, 64, 66, 67, 84, 89, 92, 142,
153
Rodriguez, Bastyam 165
Rodriguez, Cristovam 123
Rodriguez, Diogo, scribe 48, 51, 102, 124,
153
Rodriguez, Domingos 143
Rodriguez, Duarte 40, 66
Rodriguez, Fernando 175
Rodriguez, Francisco 140, 218
Rodriguez, Francisquo 168
Rodriguez, Garcia 167
Rodriguez, Garcyz 153
Rodriguez, Giam 40
Rodriguez, Goncalo 54, 55, 57, 74, 99,
134, 176
Rodriguez, Janebra 140
Rodriguez, Joham, capt/scribe 50, 58, 71,
72, 82, 84, 91, 101, 139, 140, 161,
168, 198, 208
Rodriguez, Lopo 153, 165, 168
Rodriguez, Manuell, scribe 173
Rodriguez, Martym 100, 205, 207
Rodriguez, Nicolao 102, 166, 170
Rodriguez, Niculao 45, 84
Rodriguez, Pero 48
Rodriguez, Sebastiam 78
Rodriguez, Yoham 194
Rodriquez, Bertolameu 56
Rybeyro, Francisco 124
Index
299
as
hg
ate
as
.co
m
hg
ate
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as
hg
ate
.co
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hg
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.co
© Copyrighted Material
as
m
hg
ate
.co
m
as
hg
ate
.co
m
as
hg
ate
.co
Santo Antonio 206
see also Santiago ship log
servidores 203
shipwrecks 121
Sierra Leone ix, x, 1, 2, 7, 39–42, 225
Cape Verde colonists 39
crown revenue from 40
leased to Portuguese merchants 40
natural resources 39
Portuguese fort 40
slave prices 271
slavery
Guinea of Cape Verde 26
and Just Wars 14, 17, 259
West Africa 26
see also Atlantic slave trade
Solteiro, Manuel, scribe 64, 128, 133, 146,
171, 172, 200
Songhay empire 23
Spain
African slaves, importation of 180, 181,
256
Atlantic slave trade 50fn13–14
Cape Verde Islands
–– invasion 29
–– trade with 182, 256
Casa de Contratación, emigration centre
261
merchants, in Cape Verde Islands 11,
98fn19
Portugal, hostilities (1475–79) 29, 30,
182
Spaniards, in West Africa 29
Spanish Canary Islands x, 1, 7, 11, 255,
264
Spanish Caribbean
ease of navigation to 257
slave trade 6, 8, 179, 245, 256, 257
–– from Cape Verde Islands 258,
260, 261, 262
–– royal edict 244, 275–76
surnames, Portuguese 81fn20
m
© Copyrighted Material
Saunders, A.C. 34
scribes, role 53fn19
Senegal 1, 2
Senegal, River 32
Sharrer, Harvey, Prof 87
ships
Anunciada 34, 45
Conceycam 57, 58, 59, 197, 220
Madanalla Cansyna 185, 187, 191,
192, 264
Maria de Cacella 263
Maria de Gollva 214, 215fn75, 217
Nazare 102, 106, 176
Princesa 109, 112
Pyadade 264
Salvador 154, 156
Sam Francysco 134
Sam Joham 166
San Guyam 45, 95, 96
Sant Antao 99, 101
Sant Antonio 203
Sant Maria Nazare 2fn2, 141, 186fn24
Sant/Sam Antam 123, 125
Santa Ana 208, 211
Santa Barbora 49, 117
Santa Catarina 46, 65, 67, 68, 107,
108, 109, 162, 164fn22, 165, 194
Santa Crara 18, 54, 55, 87, 89, 91, 92
Santa Cruz 61, 62, 64, 136, 146, 202
Santa Margarida 93
Santa Maria 197, 200, 213
Santa Maria Da Conceycam 213fn72,
222, 223, 224
Santa Maria Da Graca 52, 54, 80, 83,
84, 95, 113, 126, 156, 159, 191
Santa Maria Da Pyadade 160, 191
Santa Maria Da Vytoria 184, 195, 196
Santa Maria D’Ajuda 71, 72
Santa Maria Do Cabo 55, 56
Santa Vitoria 69, 74
Santiago 106, 129, 134, 139, 151, 153,
173, 196, 263
300 Before Middle Passage: Translated Portuguese Manuscripts of Atlantic Slave Trading
hg
ate
.co
m
as
hg
ate
.co
Vellez, Rui 209, 211
Velloso, Paio 167
Velloso, Payp 107
Verella, Jorge 170
Vespucci, Americo 32
Vicente, Diogo 108
Vicente, Jurdao, lançado 234–35, 241, 253
Vidao, Joham 130, 138
Vieira, Antonio 92, 110
Vieyra, Diogo 126
Vieyra, Joham Vaz 114
Vieyra, Lopo 48, 48fn9
vintena import tax ix, xii, 3, 246
Vydeo, Joham 54, 55, 56, 57, 69, 74
.co
m
as
Upper Guinea Coast 33–39
as
hg
ate
.co
as
hg
m
ate
.co
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as
hg
ate
.co
as
m
hg
ate
as
hg
ate
.co
m
hg
ate
weights and measures see measures, and
weights
West Africa
exports, Cape Verde Islands
–– food 43, 264
–– merchandise 264–65
gold trade 25
intermarriage 41
Muslims 22
Portuguese in 41, 252, 262–63
slavery 26
Spaniards in 29
see also Guinea of Cape Verde
West African slaves
exported to Spain 180, 181, 256
origins 22
West Africans, Portuguese, first contacts
28
wine trade 186, 187, 188
women, Atlantic slave trade, role 60fn31,
88, 116fn39
m
as
.co
Vaaz, Antonio 159, 164, 169, 173, 174,
175
Vaaz, Bastyam 166, 167, 224
Vaaz, Bertolameu 46
Vaaz de Lordelo, Joham 95
Vaaz, Joham, capt 65, 68, 162, 163, 164,
165, 166, 173, 196
Vaaz, Jorge 77, 175
Vaaz, Lyonardo 161
Vallez, Rui 208
Varella, Antonio 62
Varella, Damiam 136
Varella, Francisco 164
Vaz, Antonio, capt 125, 136, 139, 141, 153
Vaz, Bastyam 55, 154
Vaz, Catarina 144
Vaz, Diogo 237
Vaz, Gaspar 90
Vaz, Goncalo 143, 147
Vaz, Joham, capt 61, 63, 66, 129, 134, 144
Vaz, Jorge 96, 141, 146
Vaz, Luis 142
Vaz, Nuno, barber 153
Vaz, Pero 131
Vaz, Tristao 76
Velho, Bastyam 137, 172
m
© Copyrighted Material
Taborda, Alvaro 169, 170
Tavares, Fernam, capt 52, 128, 160
textiles
Cape Verde Islands, imports 187, 189,
197, 209
Guinea of Cape Verde, trading 25
Tordesillas, Treaty of (1494) 182
translators, African 34
freedom 63fn34
Trigueiros, Diego, capt 34
Tyrado, Joham 209, 211
Yannes, Bellnald 212
Zuazo, Alonso, judge 260
© Copyrighted Material