THE BRAZILIAN PUBLIC
MINISTRY AND THE
DEFENSE OF THE
AMAZONIAN
ENVIRONMENT
Raimundo Moraes
III Congresso da IUCN
– Bangkok, November 17 -25 2004
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN BRAZIL
“The Constitution states that every person has the
right to an ecologically sound environment as a
public good that is essential to good quality of life. It
empowers society to defend and preserve it for
present and future generations”.
Environment Management in Brazil:
Constitutional mandate implemented
through administrative, normative
and jurisdictional activities in order to
prevent and mitigate environmental
damage.
PUBLIC FUNCTION OF THE ENVIROMENT:
NORMATIVE
ADMINISTRATIVE
JURISDICTIONAL
COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN BRAZIL
Função
pública
Atividades
Repartição de competências
Instrumento de participação da sociedade
Normativa
•Plebiscito (Art. 14, I).
–Elaboração das normas•Art. 22 (da União)
•Art. 24 (concorrente: União x•Referendo (Art. 14, II).
e da política pública
•Iniciativa popular de lei (Art. 14, III, 27,
–Criação das diretrizes eEstados e DF)
detalhamento
das•Art. 25 (dos Estados)
§4º, 29, XI, e 61, §2º).
•Art. 30, I e II (dos Municípios). •Audiência pública (Art. 58, §2º, II).
políticas públicas
–Regulamentação geral•Art. 32, 1º.(dos Municípios)
•Direito de petição (Art. 58, §2º, IV).
•Conselho paritário (Art. 204, II; 206, VI e
de normas
227, §7º).
Administrativa
–Implementação de
normas e políticas
públicas
–Exercício do poder
de
polícia
administrativa
–Exercício de direitos
e tomada de decisões
–Responsabilização
•Art. 21, I a XII e XIII a XXV
(União).
•Art. 23 (concorrente)
•Art. 25 (dos Estados)
•Art. 30, III a IX (dos
Municípios).
•Processos decisórios (Art. 5º, LV).
•Plebiscito (Art. 14, I).
•Referendo (Art. 14, II).
•Conselho paritário (Art. 194, VII; 198, III;
204, II; 206, VI e 227, 7º).
•Audiência pública
•Consulta pública
•Art. 21, XIII, 106 a 109,
(União).
•Art. 125 (Estados)
•(O Município não tem Sistema
Judiciário próprio)
Iniciativa de ações (Art. 5º, LIV e LIV):
Jurisdicional
–Decisão
sobre
litígios
–Defesa e garantia de
direitos potencial ou
efetivamente lesado
–Responsabilização
civil e penal
–Dicção do direito
- penais públicas (Art. 129, I, e 5º, LIX)
- civis públicas (Art. 129, III)
- populares (Art. 5º, LXXIII)
- mandado de segurança coletivo (Art.
5º, LXX)
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN BRAZIL
PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS
ADMINISTRATIVE
DEFICIENCY
DEFICIENT CAPACITY
FORMATION
DEMANDS/OBJETIVES
DEMANDS/OBJETIVES
ENHANCE CAPACITY BUILDING FOR
BETTER ORGANIZATION AND
PARTICIPATION
HUMAN RESOURCES CAPACITY PLAN
INADEQUATE TASK
SPECIALIZATION AND
OVERLAPPING OF JOB TASKS
EXTEND AND CONSOLIDATE TASK
ESPECIALIZATION AND IMPROVE
TASK DESCRIPTION
DEFICIENCY OR
INEXISTENCY OF
TECHNICAL AND
SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT
MAKE TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC
FRAMEWORK AVAILABLE
INFORMATION
DEFICIENCY
LIMITED NUMBER OF STAFF
LACK OF GOVERNMENT
CONTROL BY CIVIL SOCIETY
PRODUCE, ORGANIZE AND PUBLISH
INFORMATION
INTEGRATION OF REGIONAL AND
NATIONAL INSTITUCIONAL PRESENCE
EXTEND PUBLIC CONTROL IN
GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
MISSION OF THE BRAZILIAN PUBLIC
MINISTRY (MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO)
The Public Ministry is permanent,
essential institution to the jurisdictional
function of the state. It includes the
defense of the legal framework, of the
democratic regime and of the social and
individual interests.
INSTITUCTIONAL FUNCTION OF THE
PUBLIC MINISTRY
1) Promote prosecution of criminal actions;
2) Defend the population vis a vis the government´s power;
3) Promotion of legal tools to protect the public and social goods,
the environment and other public interests;
4) Promotion of legal tools against unconstitutional action;
5) Defend indigenous populations;
6) External check of police activities.
FORUM OF THE PUBLIC MINISTRY OF THE
ENVIRONMENT FOR THE LEGAL AMAZON
OBJECTIVE:
TO IMPROVE COORDINATION AMONG STATE AND
FEDERAL PUBLIC MINISTRIES OF THE LEGAL AMAZON
FOR THE STRENGTHNING OF THE INSTITUTIONAL
ORGANIZATION AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT IN ORDER
TO IMPROVE, IMPLEMENT AND EXTEND THE
ENFORCEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN THE
AMAZON.
FORUM OF THE PUBLIC MINISTRY OF THE
ENVIRONMENT FOR THE LEGAL AMAZON
PROJECTS:
• LONG DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAM - SPECIALIZATION
COURSE ON ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
• “A MAP OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS”
• “ENVIRONMENTAL BRIEFS”
MARKET-BASED MECHANISMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
OPPORTUNITIES, CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES:
• CAN BE AN INCENTIVE FOR THE COMPLIANCE OF THE
RULES AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES.
• NEED A BETTER REGULATED INSTITUTIONAL CLIMATE.
• DIFFICULTIES IN THE AMAZON CONTEXT – LAND
CONFLICTS, FORCED LABOR
• NEED BETTER TRANSPARENCY
Raimundo Moraes
• Coordinator of Environmental Office of the Operational Support Center
of the Public Ministry of Pará State.
• Coordinator of the Forum of the Public Ministry of the Environment for
the Amazon.
• Director in the Amazon of the Law for a Green Planet Institute.
• Northern Vice Director of the Brazilian Public Ministry Environmental
Association
• Rua João Diogo, 100/1º andar – 66635-110 - Cidade Velha – Belém –
Pará – Amazônia - Brasil
• [email protected]
• [email protected]
• Fones: 55-XX-91-4006-3557/3509