doi:10.3900/fpj.2.6.315.e
EISSN 1676-5133
The Study of the dermatoglyphic,
somatotypes characteristics
and of the basic physical qualities
in the various stages of sexual maturity
Original Article
Mauro Moraes Macêdo, M.Sc. (CREF 0050 G/RJ)
Ciência da Motricidade Humana da Universidade Castelo Branco/R
Coordenador do Curso de Educação Física da Univ. Veiga de Almeida /RJ
[email protected]
José Fernandes Filho, Ph.D. ( CREF 0066 G/RJ)
Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciência da Motricidade Humana da
Universidade Castelo Branco / RJ
[email protected]
MACÊDO, M.M., FERNANDES, Fº.J. The Study of the dermatoglyphic, somatotypes characteristics and of the basic physical qualities
in the various stages of sexual maturity. Fitness & Performance Journal, v.2, n.6, p.315-320, 2003.
ABSTRACT: Study of the dermatogliphy, somatotype and basic physical qualities of children from 9 to 14 years-old, from
PID – Niterói, RJ according to the different stages of sexual maturity. In relation to dermatogliphy, in the sample of 96 children
from both sexes, from a total of 360, it was found the predominance of the digital formula L > W. The averages and derived
from the somatotype of the masculine sex, differ from the feminine sex that presents an increase in endomorphy. The mesomorphy to both sexes present a decrease according to the increase of the sexual maturity levels. The basic physical qualities
test showed that the bigger the sexual maturity level, bigger are the VO2 máx Vertical Impulsion and Coordination values. It is
concluded that the study is important to make new correlations possible.
Keywords: Identification, Dermatogliphy, Somatotype, Basic Physical Qualities, Maturity
Correspondence to:
Rua da Conceição, 99 - sobre loja – Centro – Niterói/ RJ Cep: 24020 - 082
Submitted: September / 2003
Accepted: Octuber / 2003
Copyright© 2003 por Colégio Brasileiro de Atividade Física, Saúde e Esporte
Fit Perf J
Rio de Janeiro
2
6
315-320
Nov/Dec 2003
315
RESUMO
RESUMEN
Estudo das características dermatoglíficas, somatotípicas e das qualidades físicas básicas nos diversos estágios de maturação sexual
El estudio de las características dermatoglíficas, somatotípicas y de las
cualidades físicas básicas en diversos periodos de maduración sexual
Estudo da dermatoglifia, somatotipia e as qualidades físicas básicas das crianças de 9 a 14 anos, do PID – Niterói/RJ de acordo com os diferentes níveis de
maturação sexual . Com relação a dermatoglifia, na amostra de 96 crianças
de ambos os sexos, de um total de 360, encontra-se predominância da fórmula
digital L > W. As médias e derivadas do somatotipo do sexo masculino, diferem
do sexo feminino que apresenta um aumento da endomorfia. A mesomorfia
para ambos, apresenta uma diminuição de acordo com o aumento dos níveis
de maturação sexual. Os testes das qualidades físicas básicas mostraram que
quanto maior o nível de maturação sexual, maiores são os valores de VO 2 máx,
Impulsão Vertical e Coordenação. Conclui-se que o estudo é importante para
possibilitar novas correlações.
Estudio de la dermatoglifia, somatotipia y las cualidades físicas básicas de los
niños de 9 a 14 años, del PID – Niterói/ RJ de acuerdo con los diferentes niveles
de maduración sexual . Con respecto la dermatoglifia, en la muestra de 96 niños
de ambos sexos, de uno total de 360, se encuentra predominancia de la fórmula
digital L > W. Las medias y derivadas del somatotipo del sexo masculino, difieren
del sexo femenino que presenta un aumento de la endomorfia. La mesomorfia
para ambos, presenta una disminución de acuerdo con el aumento de los niveles
de maduración sexual. Los tests de las cualidades físicas básicas mostraron que
cuanto mayor el nivel de maduración sexual, mayores son los valores de VO2máx,
Impulsão Vertical y Coordinación. Se concluye que lo estudio es importante para
posibilitar nuevas correlaciones.
Palavras-chave: Identificação, Dermatoglifia, Somatotipo, Qualidades Físicas
Básicas, Maturação.
Palabras clave: Identificación, Dermatoglifia, Somatotipo, Cualidades Físicas
Básicas, Maduración
INTRODUCTION
It is incontestable the growth of sports in Brazil and in the world.
Even with all of the technology advance and at the training methods, the identification and the selection of sportive talents shows
errors due to paradigms so hard to be transposed.
However, in spite of the science’s advance in all fields and the
development each time more qualified of professionals involved
with the physic activity, it continues the great difficulty in identifying
the characteristics that will cooperate with the population’s health
evolution and even so with the orientation and sportive selection
(FERNANDES FILHO, 1997).
Moskatova, quoted by Gomes (1998), said: “However more
perfect the training technology is, it cannot amplify the pre-determination genetic of individual functional capacity in the athlete”.
Moskatova’s considerations has turned out important ones, when
we verify sporting icons as Oscar Schmidt (A Famous Basketball
player in Brazil), Robson Caetano (A famous athletics in Brazil),
Manoel Tobias (A famous football player in Brazil), and many
others, that in spite of not having the support from one national
athletics politic, without the quality of implements, materials and
a necessary space to obtain an international project, they have
gotten brands / marks, sportive reputation and financial only
reached by sporting countries worried with the scientific and with
the first places in the world sport.
The goal of this study is to identify the dermatoglyphics characteristics, somatotypes and the basic physic qualities in different
stages of sexual maturity among children with ages between 9 and
14 years old from Niterói – RJ, inscribed in the Athletics Starting
Program – ASP / PID in Caio Martins Athletics Complex.
The study is turned to be important in looking forward to identify the
dermatoglyphics characteristics, somatotypes and the basic physic
qualities according with the different stages of sexual maturity, meeting truth information among the characteristics of this population.
The variables studied were the qualities in aerobic resistance
physic, explosive strength, speed and coordination; the Dermatoglyphy; the somatotypes and the stage of sexual maturity.
316
The study is delimitated or restricted at the 360 students from the
Athletics Starting Program – PID / ASP, in Caio Martins Athletics
Complex, from different places in Niterói – RJ, from both sexes,
with ages between 9 and 14 years old whose practice many
different sporting modalities.
Review of the Reading
The sport’s characteristic physic quality identifications in training,
and the adjust of this valence to the goals prescribed are basic
for the sporting success.
Tubino & col. (2003, p. 195) suits among the qualities indispensable to the athlete, the aerobic capacity.
The speed is another physic quality indispensable to be measured
in initial tests of physic capacity, in spite of being classified in
displacement speed, reaction’s speed and the member’s speed
(DANTAS 1995, p. 161).
The level of coordination is especially important to obtain results
on sporting games. According to Platonov & Bulatova (2003,
p. 230), the improvement’s method of the motor coordination
is primordial in athlete’s technique development, using a large
scale of exercises with the aerobic resistance and / or anaerobic,
are the most important physic qualities for the sporting practice.
Besides, the identification importance on the physic’s value tests;
the genetics characteristics, are relevant matter to estimate one
individual.
Regarding to the genetic aspects, the usage of previous knowledge
on ability and the genetic tendency, allied to a phenotype contribution, it would assist, as the talent’s decision as to its development.
As you have one methodology of genetic mark to the sporting
valuation, it grows a possibility to find out individual ones with
one genetic pre-disposition to determine experimental or sport’s
modality.
It distinguishes of three dermatoglyphic groups: bow (A), loop
(L), and the verticule (W). The shape of the draws establishes one
Fit Perf J, Rio de Janeiro, 2, 6, 316, Nov/Dec 2003
characteristic qualitative. The amount of lines – QL, and the sum
of the total amount of lines inside the draw – SQTL, represents a
characteristic amount. The intensity valuation of the draws occurs
starting from the presence of deltas, and calculating the delta’s
index – D10; bow_ the draw without deltas; Being one bow_
“0”, Loop_ “1” and the Verticule_ “2”; and yet, referring to the
classification_ the sum of ten fingers, can be at the minimum “0”
and the maximum “20”. It winds up that the simplest drawing is
the bow one and the most complicated one is the verticule one
(GLADKOVA, 1996).
Norton & Olds (2000, p 139) emphasized that “the SOMATOTYPE is one method that allows one study significant about the
example physic type for each sportive modality, through the Somatotyphology; it characterized the tendency to one determined
sport. The observation of one set of information’s by the means
of the Somatotyphology could make easier such task”
In Recent studies, they are searching in planning the profile of athletes from different sports, in attempt to qualify the talent sporting
selection ones. Medina & Fernandes Filho (2002) have shown one
identification effort of genetic profile through the dermatoglyphic
and from the somatotypes which characterizes the Volley ball Male
Adult team in high efficiency of Brazil.
The sexual maturity is showed on the adolescence as one decisive
factor on the athletic development. The secondary sexual characteristics have already been studied and displayed regards with the
biological maturation.
The testosterone is produced in an elevated quantity through the
puberty. This growth of sexual hormones concentration determines
the changes of primary and secondary sexual characteristics during
the puberty’s extension.
The secondary observation in developing and characteristics is the
most common tool used to evaluate the sexual maturity. It is exactly
through the beginning of the puberty that the testicles, the penis,
the mammal and the pubic hair shows modifications and, so, it
allows the monitoring biological development of this phase of life.
Methodology
There was used the descriptive method (THOMAS & NELSON
2000, p. 34), with base in status study, on which looking for
obtaining information near the existence conditions, regarding to
the variables or conditions in one determined situation.
–
Not being inscribed officially on the Sportive Starting Program
in Caio Martins Complex;
–
Not having enough average age between 9 and 14 years old;
–
Refused on participating on the study as a volunteer, without
the return or financial advantage;
–
Being refused by the teachers / tutors of the offered tests;
–
Not agreeing, with the compromised terms assumed with
the researchers;
Research Ethics
This task was accomplished in accordance with the Rules for the
Research Accomplishment in Human beings, Resolution 196/96,
from the Brazilian Board of Health from 10/10/1996. Sticking
out that the research was submitted to one analyze from COMEP
– Ethic and Research Committee. Involve Human Beings, from
Castelo Branco University – RJ, which have been issued suitable
concept.
Proceedings of the collection of data
The data were collected in Caio Martins Sporting Complex, Niterói
– RJ, where the students from both sexes of the present study participate from the following sports: Basketball, volleyball, football of
saloon, swimming, sportive gymnastic rhythmic, artistic gymnastic
and judo. The collection was accomplished at the Gymnasium Pole
sportive from Caio Martins Complex, Niterói, RJ, with exception of
valuation of the stages of sexual maturity according with Tanner
that it happened at the medical department, and the Volume test
of maximum Oxygen, which it was accomplished on the football
field, both in the Sportive Complex in Caio Martins, Niterói – RJ.
In all tests were given specific information, the most objective
possible ones, showing how it should be performed.
The heating beforehand the tests or any type of trial were just
allowed if it was adjusted on the protocol.
All the individual ones stayed rest during the break of test accomplishments.
To obtain the data necessary to the study, there were used the
following protocols:
–
Genetic Mark Protocol – Dermatoglyphic Method – ID
(CUMMINS & MIDLO 1942 quoted by FERNANDES FILHO
1999, p. 26);
–
Somatotypic Characteristic Protocol – Endo, Meson and
Ectomorphy (HEATH & CARTER 1967 quoted by NORTON
& OLDS 2000, p. 139);
–
Speed Test Protocol (30 m) – (POPOV 1986, quoted by
MARTINS & GIANNICHI 1998, p.68);
–
1000 meters Test Protocol – (VO2 max.) – (KLISSOURAS,
quoted by FERNANDES FILHO, 2003);
–
Manual Pretension Test Protocol – Strength (Dynamometer)
– (FERNANDES FILHO 2003, p. 189);
–
Coordination Test Protocol – Burpee – (JOHNSON & NELSON 1979, quoted by MARTINS & GIANNICHI, 1998, p.94);
Sample
After have been applied the rules of inclusion and exclusion, there
was valuated one sample with 96 children, from a total of 360,
from both sexes, with ages between 9 and 14 years old.
Inclusion’s Criteria
With the inclusion’s criteria, it had considered that the inscription
in any sportive modality of the Athletics Starting Program in Caio
Martins Complex, in Niterói, from average age students comprehended among 9 and 14 years old.
Exclusion’s Criteria
The exclusion’s criteria were:
Fit Perf J, Rio de Janeiro, 2, 6, 317, Nov/Dec 2003
317
–
Explosive Strength Test Protocol (Impvert) – (JOHNSON &
NELSON 1979, quoted by MARTINS & GIANNICHI, 1998,
p. 86).
Picture 1 – Types of finger digital drawings
Statistic of the Training
There was accomplished one statistic treatment described enclosing an average and a standard bypass of data obtained on the
somatotypes, dermatoglyphic and basic physic qualities in related
to the sexual maturity stage.
Conclusions and Recommendations
The average corresponds to the values observed on the composed samples by children inscribed on the PID – Niterói, in many
different rank of sexual maturity. It is convenient to say that, in
despite of the sample valuated corresponds to an identification of
parameter; it does not have any representative to the Municipal
or State’s level.
Regarding to the sex male ones (CHART 1) it is clear that, with the
growth of age, the level of sexual maturity will also grow, the same
it happens with the variables in weight and size. The O2’ variables
maximum (aerobic resistance) and the Vertical Impulse (Explosive
Strength of the inferior members) it also shows one growth on the
amount, according with the larger sexual maturity in little boys
studied. The motor coordination valuated through the Burpee tests
also shows a slight growth, although this growth does not show
one high variation among the maturational stages 1, 2 and 3.
Nevertheless, it is verified one higher Preens ion Strength variation,
according with the dynamometry, with the enlargement of the
sexual maturity levels. The speed valuated through the 30 meters
test, has showed an improvement among the levels 1 and 2,
however it keeps in one constant platform among 2 and 3 levels
of sexual maturity (Chart 1).
The somatotypes has its endomorph and mesomorph components
showing the decrease in related to the growth of sexual maturity
length, mean while the ectomorpho component grows, due to
the decrease of corporeal fat and the growth of testosterone’s
hormone levels composition, which it helps, besides the appearance of the males sexual characteristics, the growth of strength
among others (chart ).
On the Chart 2 related to the female sex, it is verified that, as in
the male’s sex, the growth of sexual maturity stages according with
the increase of age, weight and size, as well as the progressive
Table 1 – Median and standard deviation of the studied characteristics in relation to Tanner in male sex
Tanner
Age
Weight
Stature
VO2máx
Impvert
Burpee
Din
30m
Endo
Meson
Ecto
1
9.95±1.23
38.85±12.61
139.20±10.31
30.84±12.24
23.93±3.89
4.20±0.89
17.15±12.28
6.48±0.78
4.66±2.44
5.65±2.00
2.23±1.60
2
11.76±1.20
44.34±7.30
151.26±7.61
38.84±11.93
27.29±7.90
4.47±0.80
29.47±16.05
5.74±0.47
3.73±1.73
5.52±1.09
2.86±1.22
3
13.43±0.65
55.58±10.66
164.54±6.88
44.46±4.56
34.51±5.99
4.50±0.65
50.86±18.92
5.77±0.56
3.08±1.42
4.68±1.17
3.23±1.41
Source: Macêdo & Fernandes Filho (2003)
Table 2 - Median and standard deviation of the studied characteristics in relation to Tanner in female sex
Tanner
Age
Weight
Stature
VO2máx
Impvert
Burpee
Din
30m
Endo
Meson
Ecto
1
9.95±0.85
33.21±9.46
135.60±7.91
20.76±7.16
25.40±3.89
4.10±0.74
5.30±6.75
6.69±0.66
4.54±1.86
4.43±1.61
2.74±1.77
2
12.20±1.21
45.50±11.19
152.93±7.11
34.54±9.38
27.03±5.86
4.60±0.74
26.20±9.34
5.93±0.74
4.15±1.54
4.31±2.07
3.21±1.76
3
13.41±0.87
55.11±11.34
160.76±5.97
37.38±9.33
28.09±5.11
3.94±0.66
35.94±9.86
6.20±0.51
5.01±1.44
4.19±1.24
2.62±1.21
Source: Macêdo & Fernandes Filho (2003)
318
Fit Perf J, Rio de Janeiro, 2, 6, 318, Nov/Dec 2003
the stage 1 to 2, however it shows the decrease on the 3rd stage
in related to the 2nd one. However, such difference is not so big
among the stages 1, 2 and 3, as it also happens on male sex.
Picture 2 - Development phases of the pubic hair and the
genital development
The speed shows a better among the 1st and the 2nd stages on
sexual maturity and the decreasing on the 2nd stage to the 3rd
one. However, as it happens on the male sex, this decreasing is
not so big (Chart 2).
On the contrary of the male sex, at the somatotypes the female
sex (CHART 2) shows one growth of endomorph according with
the sexual maturity level growth, due to the growth of composition
female’s sexual hormones level, which it helps the accumulation
of corporeal fat in characteristic regions of female sex. The Ectomorphy shows one growth between the 1st and the 2nd stages of
sexual maturity and the decreasing between the 2nd and the 3rd
stages, on which it can manage to one tendency on later stages.
It is recognized the importance of the Dermatoglyphy as one of
the variables to the orientation and selection of sportive talent
ones, it becomes primordial the need to obtain this profile in any
characteristics on human being identification study.
Fonte: Wiering e cols (1971) cedido pelo CELAFISCS
growth of aerobic resistance, on the explosive’s strength on the
inferior members, on the preens ion strength, identified by the
VO2’s tests max., Vertical Impulse and hand dynamometer.
The motor coordination, estimated through the Burpee test, does
not appear a constant growth as on the male’s test, elevating
It was verified that, on the data collected of Dermatoglyphy from
male sex, one predominance of the levels 1 and 3 on the sexual
maturity protocol, according to Tanner, the digital formula L>W,
while the level 2 there was the predominance of the W>L formula.
The Digital formula ALW shows just on the level 1 and L=W on
Table 3 – Median and standar deviation of SQTL, D10, A, L and W according to sex and sexual maturity stage according to Tanner
Turner
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
5
Sex
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Age
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
12
13
14
14
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
9
10
11
10
11
12
13
14
11
12
13
14
12
13
Fit Perf J, Rio de Janeiro, 2, 6, 319, Nov/Dec 2003
n
11
3
2
4
1
1
4
7
3
1
6
8
1
Total 52
7
1
2
1
4
3
5
1
1
1
5
11
1
1
Total 44
SQTL
121 (26)
132 (30)
117 (17)
118 (16)
101 (0)
114 (0)
133 (35)
115 (29)
94 (39)
148 (0)
118 (11)
132 (18)
109 (0)
D10
13 (3)
18 (0)
12 (4)
13 (5)
14 (0)
15 (0)
16 (2)
14 (3)
14 (3)
11 (0)
13 (3)
15 (2)
10 (0)
A
0 (0)
0 (0)
1 (1)
1 (1)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (1)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
L
7 (3)
2 (0)
7 (3)
5 (5)
6 (0)
5 (0)
4 (2)
6 (3)
5 (2)
9 (0)
7 (3)
6 (2)
10(0)
W
3 (3)
8 (0)
3 (4)
4 (5)
4 (0)
5 (0)
6 (2)
4 (3)
4 (3)
1 (0)
3 (3)
4 (2)
0 (0)
96 (36)
116 (0)
125 (33)
128 (0)
112 (49)
81 (18)
106 (38)
121 (0)
98 (0)
41 (0)
117 (14)
81 (51)
134 (0)
132 (0)
13 (3)
15 (0)
15 (1)
10 (0)
13 (3)
9 (2)
16 (2)
11 (0)
10 (0)
9 (0)
13 (4)
10 (5)
13 (0)
16 (0)
1 (2)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (1)
1 (1)
0 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
1 (0)
0 (0)
2 (3)
0 (0)
0 (0)
6 (2)
5 (0)
6 (1)
10 (0)
6 (2)
8 (0)
4 (2)
9 (0)
10 (0)
9 (0)
7 (4)
6 (2)
5 (0)
8 (0)
3 (2)
5 (0)
5 (1)
0 (0)
4 (3)
1 (1)
6 (2)
1 (0)
0 (0)
0 (0)
3 (4)
2 (2)
4 (0)
4 (0)
319
Graphic 1 - Classification of Digital Formulas of Male Sex in related to the Sexual Maturity Grade, According to Tanner
Graphic 2 - Classification of Digital Formulas of Female Sex in
related to the Sexual Maturity Grade, According to Tanner
levels 1 and 2 of sexual maturity. The digital formula L>A shows
the levels 1, 2 and 3 of sexual maturity, according to Tanner, in
spite of one low number of representatives (Graphic 1).
it is necessary not only in working with determined average ages,
divided in categories, as also take in consideration the different
sexual maturity of stages on individual analyzed ones.
On the data Dermatoglyphy collected of female sex, there is one
predominance on the levels 2 and 3 of the sexual maturity protocol,
according to Tanner, the digital formula L>W, while the level 1 there
was the predominance of the digital formula W>L, The digital formula
ALW and L=W shows on the levels 1 and 2 and L>A shows on levels
1, 2 and 3 of the sexual maturity in low percentages (Graphic 2).
The investigation about the applying this study it can not stay
restricted just to identify the profiles of the studied ones, but the
correlation of the same above can create precious information
to each sexual maturity stage, which certainly could cause on
making a map of work to the sporting development, which it will
cooperate in an effective way to the success of Brazil’s sports.
In both sexes the digital formula predominant was the L>W, in
spite of the male sex shows with more frequency on the levels 1
and 2 of sexual maturity from Tanner, mean while , on the female
ones, it shows with more frequency the levels 2 and 3.
The children’s profile identification and the comparison of the same
profile of one sportiest of a high qualification will have to be accomplished with the maximum criteria, in that way the results obtained will be
used as a tool from all professionals that act on the sports in general.
After the identification of the characteristics proposed on the research, it is important to emphasize that, in former studies, Guba
& Tchernova (1995) have exposed that the lessen amount of lines
it contains, the more speed and strength it will have; Arutiohian
(1998) mentions the balance relates with a few quantity of lines
and with a low intensity of drawings. Like that, it justify the study of
Dermatoglyphy, the characteristics Somatotypic and the basic physic
qualities when looked for a higher number of possibilities of skills
on the valuation, as on the search for genetically super enlarger to
one sportive segment or to one future symptom of these individuals.
REFERENCES
ABRAMOVA T.F.; NIKITINA T.M., CHAFRANOVA E.I. Impressões dermatoglíficas – Marcas
genéticas na seleção nos tipos de esporte // Atualidades na preparação de atletas nos
esportes cíclicos: Coletânea de artigos científicos. – Volvograd, 1995. – cap.2, - p. 86-91.
ARUTIOHIAN A.G. Impressões Digitais como meio de seleção e prognóstico no esporte
// Marcas genéticas na medicina e antropogenética: Coletânea de teses do Simpósio –
Rimelnintski, p.140. 1988.
DANTAS, E.H.M. A Prática da preparação Física. 3ª edição. Rio de Janeiro: Editora
Shape, 1995.
FERNANDES FILHO, J. A prática da avaliação física. Rio de Janeiro: Shape, 1999.
FERNANDES FILHO, J. A prática da avaliação física. 2ª edição. Rio de Janeiro: Shape, 2003.
The results are showing a great influence on the variations of amount
from the tests of basic physic qualities as higher it is the sexual maturity
stage showed by the individual one. Knowing the dermatoglyphic
standards from the individual ones of the sample showed the genetic
potential of each one studied, we can say that, this genetic potential,
is not always showed on the basic physic qualities tests, therefore it will
depend on the sexual maturity stages that the individual is found and,
mainly, the Phenotype (environment) that act straight on the individual.
FERNANDES FILHO, J. Impressões dermatoglíficas – marcas genéticas na seleção de
talentos de esportes e lutas. Tese de Doutorado. Moscou-Rússia: VNIIFK. 1997.
It is consider that the results of the study in a matter responded to the
problem showed – the characteristics of dermatoglyphic identification,
somatotypes and the sexual maturity on children between 9 and 14
years old from PID- Sporting Starting Program, Caio Martins, Niterói.
MEDINA, M. & FERNANDES FILHO, J. Identificação dos perfis genético e somatotípico que
caracterizam atletas de Voleibol masculino adulto de alto rendimento no Brasil. Revista
Fitness e Performance, vol.1, nº 04, p.12, Rio de Janeiro: COBRASE, 2002.
It is recommended to delineate the characteristics demanded on
many sportive modality, dermatoglyphic standards, somatotypes
and the basic physic qualities on many different stages of sexual
maturity, in order to the later studies could be obtained more
information to the orientation and the sportive’s selection.
Identifying the tests related to the basic physic qualities are straight
influenced by the sexual maturity stage that the individual is found,
320
GLADKOVA T.D. Desenhos das mãos e dos pés dos homens e dos macacos. Moscou:
Ciência, p.15. 1966.
GUBA V.P., TCHERNOVA, G.P. Meios morfo-biomecânicos – baseados na determinação
dos talentos e dotes esportivos // Organização da metodologia científica baseados nos
sistemas de preparação dos atletas reservas russos e os caminhos de seu aperfeiçoamento.
Resumo de Teses. XV Congresso Científico da Rússia – prática e conferência. Moscou,
p.115-116. 1995.
MARINS, J.C.B. & GIANNICHI, R.S. Avaliação e Prescrição de Atividade Física. Rio de
Janeiro: Shape, 1998.
MOSKATOVA, A.K. Aspectos Genéticos e Fisiológicos no Esporte. Rio de Janeiro. Grupo
Palestra Sport, 1998.
NORTON, K. & OLDS, T. Antropométrica. Biosistem Servicio Educativo. 2000.
PLATONOV, V.N. & BULATOVA M.M.A. Preparação F´sica. Rio de Janeiro: ed. Sprint, 2003.
THOMAS, J.R. & NELSON, J.K. Métodos de pesquisa em atividade física. 3ª edição, Porto
Alegre: Artmed, 2002.
TUBINO, M.J.G. O Esporte Educacional como uma dimensão social do fenômeno esportivo
no Brasil. Revista Artus, vol.12, nº 1, 1996.
TUBINO, M.J.G. & MOREIRA S.G. Metodologia Científica do Treinamento Desportivo. 13ª
edição, Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Shape. 2003.
WILSON, D.J. & foster, D.W.Tratado de Endocrinologia. 7ª edição, São Paulo: manole, 1998.
Fit Perf J, Rio de Janeiro, 2, 6, 320, Nov/Dec 2003