COVER COLOQUIO.indd 1
2/4/13 12:59 PM
COMUNICACIONES DEL
III COLOQUIO DE LA RED DE
INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE LA
ICTIOFAUNA
AMAZÓNICA
-RIIAAgua, Biodiversidad, Manejo de Recursos Ícticos y Piscicultura Sostenible en la
Amazonia
Editores:
Edwin Agudelo Córdoba & Fabrice Duponchelle
http://www.riiaamazonia.org
08-12 de Noviembre 2011
Leticia, Amazonas (Colombia)
&RORTXLRÀQDQFLDGRSRUHO,QVWLWXWR$PD]yQLFRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtÀFDV6,1&+,
\ HO ,QVWLWXWR )UDQFpV GH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ SDUD HO 'HVDUUROOR ² ,5' FRQ OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ
GHO 0LQLVWHULR GH$PELHQWH \ 'HVDUUROOR 6RVWHQLEOH GH &RORPELD DQWHV 0$9'7 OD
&RRSHUDFLyQ5HJLRQDO)UDQFHVDSDUDORV3DtVHV$QGLQRVHO0LQLVWHULRGH$JULFXOWXUD
\'HVDUUROOR5XUDOGH&RORPELDHO0LQLVWHULRGH5HODFLRQHV([WHULRUHVGH&RORPELD
HO,QVWLWXWR&RORPELDQRGH'HVDUUROOR5XUDO,1&2'(5OD2UJDQL]DFLyQGHO7UDWDGR
GH&RRSHUDFLyQ$PD]yQLFD²27&$OD*REHUQDFLyQGHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH$PD]RQDV
HO,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQGH5HFXUVRV%LROyJLFRV²,$9+HO3URJUDPD7ULQDFLRQDO
3XWXPD\R²7UHV)URQWHUDVOD&RUSRUDFLyQSDUDHO'HVDUUROOR6RVWHQLEOHGHO6XUGHOD
$PD]RQLD²&2532$0$=21,$\HO%DQFRGHOD5HS~EOLFD6XFXUVDO/HWLFLD
,QVWLWXWR$PD]yQLFRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtÀFDV6,1&+,
$Y9iVTXH]&RERFRQ&DOOHV\/HWLFLD&RORPELD
KWWSZZZVLQFKLRUJFR
,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW²,5'
ERXOHYDUGGH'XQNHUTXH&6
)0DUVHLOOH&HGH[)UDQFH
KWWSZZZLUGIU
&tWHVHHVWDREUDFRPR
$JXGHOR()'XSRQFKHOOH(GV&RPXQLFDFLRQHVGHO,,,&RORTXLR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD,FWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD²5,,$,QVWLWXWR$PD]yQLFRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtÀFDV6LQFKLH,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW
²,5'/HWLFLD&RORPELDS
‹,QVWLWXWR6,1&+,²%RJRWi1RYLHPEUH
,6%1;;;;;;;;;;;;;
PREFACIO
3RU LQLFLDWLYD GH ORV ,QVWLWXWRV GH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ GH OD$PD]RQLD ,,$3 ² 3HU~ ,13$ ²
%UDVLO6,1&+,²&RORPELDGHO,5'GH)UDQFLD\GHDOJXQDVXQLYHUVLGDGHVGH$PpULFD
GHO6XUIXHHVWDEOHFLGDHQOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD,FWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD²5,,$ZZZULLDDPD]RQLDRUJFRQHOREMHWRGHLQWHUFDPELDULQIRUPDFLyQWpFQLFD\
FLHQWtÀFD VREUH WHPiWLFDV UHODFLRQDGDV FRQ ORV SHFHV \ SURPRYHU OD HVWDQGDUL]DFLyQ
GHSURWRFRORVGHHVWXGLRSDUDTXHORVGDWRVDGTXLULGRVHQGLVWLQWRVSDtVHVDPD]yQLFRV SXHGDQ FRPSDUDUVH R XWLOL]DUVH FRQMXQWDPHQWH HQ UD]yQ D TXH EXHQD SDUWH GH
ORVUHFXUVRVDFXiWLFRVXWLOL]DGRVHQODVODERUHVGLDULDVGHSHVFDGHOD$PD]RQLDVRQ
FRPSDUWLGRVHQWUHSDtVHVRVHFDSWXUDQHQHFRVLVWHPDVFRPSDUWLGRVSRUORVSDtVHV
(QHOPDUFRGHHVDLQLFLDWLYDVHUHDOL]yHQ&RORPELDHO,,,HQFXHQWURFLHQWtÀFRGHOD
5,,$SDUDORFXDOLQYHVWLJDGRUHVGH%ROLYLD%UDVLO&RORPELD(FXDGRU3HU~\)UDQFLD
KLFLHURQSUHVHQFLDHQ/HWLFLDGXUDQWHXQDVHPDQDGHWUDEDMRVRFLDOL]DQGRFRQIHUHQFLDVVREUHHFRORJtDELRORJtDSHVTXHUtDVJHQpWLFD\SLVFLFXOWXUDSRUSDUWHGHLQYHVWLJDGRUHV SURYHQLHQWHV GH ODV VLJXLHQWHV LQVWLWXFLRQHV$FXLRULHQWH ² /DQJRVWLQRV GHO
/ODQR²&RORPELD$OFDOGtDGH/HWLFLD²&RORPELD&(36´1XHVWUD6HxRUDGHOD6DOXGµ
²3HU~'LUHFFLyQ5HJLRQDOGHOD3URGXFFLyQGH/RUHWR',5(352/²3HU~(VFXHOD
3ROLWpFQLFD1DFLRQDO²(FXDGRU)RQGR0XQGLDOSDUDOD1DWXUDOH]D::)²&RORPELD
)XQGDFLyQ &HQWUR GH 'HVDUUROOR DO ,QGtJHQD$PD]yQLFR ² &(',$ ² 3HU~ )XQGDFLyQ
4XLQD[L )XQGDFLyQ 7URSHQERV ² &RORPELD ,QVWLWXWR $PD]yQLFR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV
&LHQWtÀFDV6LQFKL²&RORPELD,QVWLWXWRGH(VWXGRVH3HVTXLVDV$JURDPELHQWDLVH2UJDQL]Do}HV 6XVWHQWiYHLV ,(3$*52 ² %UDVLO ,QVWLWXWR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ GH 5HFXUVRV
%LROyJLFRV$OH[DQGHUYRQ+XPEROGW²&RORPELD,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVGHOD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD²3HU~,QVWLWXWRGH3HVTXLVDVGD$PD]RQLD²,13$²%UDVLO,QVWLWXWR
)UDQFpVGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQSDUDHO'HVDUUROORRÀFLQDVGH%UDVLO)UDQFLD\3HU~,QVWLWXWR*HRItVLFRGHO3HU~0XQLFLSDOLGDG'LVWULWDOGH6DQ-XDQ²3HU~0XVpXP1DWLRQDO
G·+LVWRLUH1DWXUHOOH'pSDUWHPHQW0LOLHX[HW3HXSOHPHQWV$TXDWLTXHV²805²)UDQFLD
1HRSH]$FXLFD²&RORPELD3UR\HFWR(VSHFLDOGH'HVDUUROOR,QWHJUDOGHOD&XHQFDGHO
UtR3XWXPD\R3(',&3²3HU~8QLYHUVLGDGGHOD$PD]RQLD²&RORPELD8QLYHUVLGDGGH
ORV/ODQRV²&RORPELD8QLYHUVLGDG)HGHUDOGH$ODJRDV²%UDVLO8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO
GH&RORPELD6HGH/HWLFLD²&RORPELD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO)HGHULFR9LOODUHDO²3HU~8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGH5LR*UDQGHGR1RUWH8)51²%UDVLO8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDO
GH 5RQG{QLD 81,5 ² %UDVLO 8QLYHUVLGDGH )HGHUDO GR (VWDGR GR $PD]RQDV 8)$0
8QLYHUVLGDGGH6DQ0DUFRV²3HU~:LOGOLIH&RQVHUYDWLRQ6RFLHW\²:&6²(FXDGRU
(QHVWHHQFXHQWURVHUDWLÀFyODLPSRUWDQFLDGHORVSHFHV\GHORVHFRVLVWHPDVDFXiWLFRVHQHOGLDULRYLYLUGHORVSREODGRUHVGHOD$PD]RQLD\HQODGLQiPLFDGHODVHFRQRPtDVORFDOHV\UHJLRQDOHVSUHVHQWiQGRVHDYDQFHVSDUWLFXODUHVHQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQGH
YDULDVHVSHFLHVGHDOWRLQWHUpV3HURVLQHPEDUJRVHLQGLFyTXHH[LVWHQWHQGHQFLDVGH
sobre utilización en los peces de elevada demanda comercial debido al intenso mercaGHRORFDO\H[WUDUHJLRQDOORFXDOUDWLÀFDODQHFHVLGDGGHFRQWLQXDUFRQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
HLQQRYDFLyQWHFQROyJLFDKDFLDHOPDQHMR\DSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHSREODFLRQHVVLOYHVWUHV
de peces y de especies susceptibles de producción en cautiverio, como estrategia de
SURGXFFLyQVRVWHQLEOH
(VWHOLEURUHFRJHEXHQDSDUWHGHORVDYDQFHVSUHVHQWDGRVSRUORVPLHPEURVGHOD5,,$
6XHODERUDFLyQKDVLGRSRVLEOHJUDFLDVDODSR\RGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVRUJDQL]DGRUDVD
ODFRODERUDFLyQGHORVLQYHVWLJDGRUHVGHOD5HG\DOGHVPHGLGRLQWHUpV\GHGLFDFLyQGHO
JUXSRHGLWRULDOTXLHQIXHUHVSRQVDEOHWDQWRGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQGHO,,,&RORTXLRFRPRGH
ODFRPSLODFLyQ\HGLFLyQGHORVWUDEDMRVSUHVHQWDGRVHQ/HWLFLD
Leticia y Lima, Noviembre 2012
Dra. Luz Marina Mantilla C.
'LUHFWRUD*HQHUDO
,QVWLWXWR$PD]yQLFRGH
,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtÀFDV6LQFKL
Dr. Jean-Loup Guyot
5HSUHVHQWDQWHGHO
,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH
'pYpORSSHPHQW,5'HQHO3HU~
III COLOQUIO DE LA RED DE
INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE
LA ÍCTIOFAUNA AMAZÓNICA - RIIA
CONTENIDO
APERTURA
/DYDULDELOLGDGKLGUROyJLFD\FOLPiWLFDUHFLHQWHHQODFXHQFDGHOUtR$PD]RQDVXQHQIRTXHSDUWLFXODUVREUHORVHYHQWRVKLGUROyJLFRVH[WUHPRV-KDQ&DUOR(VSLQR]D-RV\DQH
5RQFKDLO-HDQ/RXS*X\RW:LOOLDP6DQWLQL
ECOLOGÍA, BIOLOGÍA Y PESQUERÍAS
'LYHUVLGDG\SURGXFFLyQGHODLFWLRIDXQDDPD]yQLFDHFXDWRULDQDRamiro Barriga
6LWXDFLyQDFWXDOGHODSHVFDHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQDFRQpQIDVLVHQ/RUHWRAurea
García, Gladys Vargas, Sonia Deza, Salvador Tello y Fabrice Duponchelle
'LQkPLFDGDSHVFDQRWUHFKRGH&RVWD0DUTXHV5RQG{QLDD+XPDLWi$PD]RQDVQD
EDFLD GR ULR 0DGHLUD HQWUH DEULO H PDUoR Carolina Rodrigues da Costa
Doria, Maria Alice Leite Lima, Marina Luísa Fonseca, Sérgio Augusto da Silva
Monteiro, Lívia Maciel Lopes, Haissa Melo de Lima, José Meirelles Monteiro Neto
y Miguel Petrere Júnior
'pELOHIHFWRGHODSpUGLGDGHKiELWDWSRUHOFDPELRFOLPiWLFRVREUHODVWDVDVGHH[WLQFLyQ
GH SHFHV GXOFHDFXtFRODV XQ DQiOLVLV JOREDO Pablo A. Tedesco, Thierry Oberdorff,
Jean-François Cornu y Bernard Hugueny
6LWXDFLyQDFWXDOGHODSHVTXHUtDRUQDPHQWDOHQODUHJLyQ/RUHWR$PD]RQLD3HUXDQD
DxRV\Aurea García, Gladys Vargas, Homero Sánchez, Salvador Tello,
Rosa Ismiño y Fabrice Duponchelle
3HVTXHUtDV&RQWLQHQWDOHVHQ&RORPELDFXHQFDVGHO0DJGDOHQD&DXFD6LQ~&DQDOHWH$WUDWR2ULQRFR$PD]RQDV\YHUWLHQWHGHO3DFtÀFR Carlos Andrés Lasso Alcalá,
Francisco de Paula Gutiérrez, Mónica Morales-Betancourt, Edwin Agudelo Córdoba, Hernando Ramírez y Rosa E. Ajiaco
(VWUXWXUDGHWDPDQKRVGHDVVHPEOHLDVGHSHVFD1R6ROLP}HV²$PD]RQDVFRPRLQGLFDGRUGRHVWDGRGHH[SORUDomRNidia Noemi Fabré, Victoria J. Isaac y Vandick S.
Batista
(OHVWDGRGHODUWHGHORVHVWXGLRVGHOLFWLRSODQFWRQHQOD$PD]RQLDRosseval Leite
7iWLFDVUHSURGXWLYDVDOWHUDo}HVWHPSRUDLV[DOWHUDoRHVDPELHQWDLVSidineia Amadio
y Rodrigo Neves dos Santos
'LYHUVLGDG tFWLFD DQGLQR DPD]yQLFD FRORPELDQD HVWXGLR GH FDVR ULR KDFKD )ORUHQFLD&DTXHWiMarlon Peláez, Sergio Gaspar, Jhon Harol Remicio y Rafael Miranda
$GLFLRQHVDODOLVWDDQRWDGDGHORVSHFHVFRQWLQHQWDOHVGHO3HU~Hernán Ortega
5HVXOWDGRV3UHOLPLQDUHVHQHOPDQHMRGHSREODFLRQHVGHSDLFKH\DUDKXDQDHQHO5tR
3XWXPD\R3HU~Luis Moya, Amilcar Ortíz, Carlos Vásquez y Hernán Caballero
&RQRFLHQGR\YDORUDQGRQXHVWURVUHFXUVRVDPD]yQLFRVDWUDYpVGHODV7,&HOFDVRGH
Arapaima gigas José Lisbinio Cruz Guimaraes, Melba Rocío Correa Tang, Saúl
Alexander Pinedo Flor, Kember Mejía Carhuanca, Mónica Paola García Córdova
+HUPDIURGLWLVPR\FRQWUROGHOVH[RHQApistogramma bitaeniata. Jesús Nuñez, Catalina Díaz, Kary Roque, Filomena Farfan, Jean-François Renno, Susana Sirvas &
Fabrice Duponchelle
(VSHUPDWRJpQHVLV\RRJpQHVLVGHODFXFKDYHUGHDPDULOOD(Hemiancistrus subviridis)
FDSWXUDGDHQ,QtULGD*XDLQtDPaola Moreno Núñez y Miguel A. Landines
3DUkPHWURV SRSXODFLRQDLV GR Pinirampus pirinampu QD FDFKRHLUD GR WHRW{QLR QR ULR
PDGHLUDSRUWRYHOKRURQG{QLD Igor Rechetnicow, Carolina Rodrigues da Costa Doria y Luiza Prestes
0RQLWRUDPHQWRGDLFWLRIDXQDGRULR0DGHLUDIHUUDPHQWDSDUDFRQVHUYDomRHPLWLJDomR
GHLPSDFWRVGDXVLQDGH6DQWR$QW{QLRCarolina R. da Costa Doria; Luiz Jardim de
Queiroz; Gislene Torrente Vilara, Rosseval Galdino Leite; Cristhiana Paula Röpke;
Ariana Cella Ribeiro; Willian Ohara; Maria Alice Leite Lima y Jansen Zuanon
GENÉTICA Y EVOLUCIÓN
$QiOLVLV3UHOLPLQDUHQHO&RQRFLPLHQWR*HQpWLFRGH3REODFLRQHVGH$UDZDQD%ODQFD
(Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) en la Amazonía Colombiana. Juan C. Bonilla, Victor Piñeros; Edwin Agudelo; Gladys Cardona y Francisco Villa
(YDOXDFLyQGHODYDULDELOLGDGJHQpWLFDGHODDUDKXDQDOsteoglossum bicirrhosum (CuYLHUHQODUHJLyQ/RUHWRPHGLDQWHPDUFDGRUHVPLFURVDWpOLWHV Werner Chota-Macuyama, Carmen García-Dávila, Fabrice Duponchelle, Diana Castro-Ruiz, Fred
Chu Koo, Jesús Núñez Rodríguez y Jean-François Renno
$YDQFHVGHOHVWXGLRGHYDULDELOLGDGJHQpWLFDHQFXDWURSREODFLRQHVQDWXUDOHVGHSDLFKH
Arapaima gigasHQOD$PD]RQLDSHUXDQDCarmen García-Dávila (IIAP, Perú), Sophie
Querouil, Werner Chota, Diana Castro Ruiz, Juan García, Fred Chu-Koo, Fabrice
Duponchelle, Jesús Núñez Rodríguez y Jean-François Renno
$QiOLVLVGHODFRQWULEXFLyQSDWHUQDODGLIHUHQWHVIDPLOLDVGHPseudoplatystoma fasciatum
/LQQDHXVHQUHODFLyQFRQODUHSURGXFFLyQ\HOFUHFLPLHQWRDiana Castro-Ruiz,
Christian Fernández, Sophie Querouil, Werner Chota-Macuyama, Etienne Baras,
Fabrice Duponchelle, Jean-François Renno, Carmen García-Dávila y Jesús Núñez
PISCICULTURA
10
'HWHUPLQDomR GD VHOHWLYLGDGH DOLPHQWDU HP ODUYDV GH PDWULQ[m Brycon amazonicus.
Ana Carolina Souza Sampaio, Marle Angélica Villacorta-Correa, Mário Roberto
Chim Figueiredo y Geraldo Bernardino
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
$YDOLDomRGRHIHLWRGHGLIHUHQWHVWUDWDPHQWRVDOLPHQWDUHVHPODUYDVGHPDWULQ[mBrycon amazonicus *XQWHU 7HOHRVWHL &KDUDFLGDH Ana Carolina Souza Sampaio, Marle Angélica Villacorta-Correa, Mário Roberto Chim Figueiredo y Geraldo
Bernardino
&UHFLPLHQWR\SDUiPHWURVKHPDWROyJLFRVGHMXYHQLOHVGHJDPLWDQDColossoma macropomum&XYLHUFXOWLYDGRVEDMRWUHVGHQVLGDGHVLuis Eloy Soberón Minchán,
Fred Chu koo, Fernando Alcántara Bocanegra y David Panduro Tafur.
(YDOXDFLyQGHWUHVGLHWDVH[WUXVDGDVGHLQLFLRHQHOFUHFLPLHQWRXWLOL]DFLyQGHODOLPHQWRFRPSRVLFLyQFRUSRUDO\SDUiPHWURVKHPDWROyJLFRVGHDOHYLQRVGHJDPLWDQDColossoma macropomum)Fred Chu-Koo, Yuri Ramírez Cárdenas; Ana Rodríguez Veintemilla, Jorge Babilonia Medina y Alfonso Bernuy Rodríguez
,QVXPRV\YHJHWDOHVHPSOHDGRVHQODDOLPHQWDFLyQGHSHFHVXQDVtQWHVLVGHODH[SHULHQFLDSHUXDQDFred Chu-Koo, Luciano Rodríguez Chu y Christopher C. Kohler
(O6LVWHPD$FXtFRODGH5HFLFODMH,QWHJUDO6$5,XQFLUFXLWRFHUUDGRTXHFRQWLHQHXQ
HFRVLVWHPDFRPSXHVWRGHSHFHV\SODQFWRQSylvain Gilles, Rosa Ismiño, Christian
Fernandez, François Kervarec, Jean-François Renno y Jesús Núñez Rodríguez
&UHFLPLHQWR\VXSHUYLYHQFLDGHDOHYLQHVGH´GRQFHOODµPseudoplatystoma punctiferH[
IDVFLDWXP HQ VLVWHPD FHUUDGR Christian Fernández, Diana Castro, Sylvain Gilles,
Rémi Dugué, François Kervarec, Fabrice Duponchelle, Jean François Renno y
Jesús Núñez
Cultivo comercial de arawana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum) en el piedemonte amazoniFREric Giovanny Argumedo Trilleras
3LVFLFXOWXUD DPD]yQLFD FRQ Colossoma macropomum y Piaractus brachypomus: dos
DOWHUQDWLYDVVHQFLOODVSDUDFXOWLYR Ricardo González Alarcón
(OFXOWLYRGHEDJUHVSLPHOyGLGRV José Ariel Rodríguez
11
APERTURA
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
LA VARIABILIDAD HIDROLÓGICA Y CLIMÁTICA RECIENTE EN LA
CUENCA DEL RÍO AMAZONAS: UN ENFOQUE PARTICULAR SOBRE LOS EVENTOS HIDROLÓGICOS EXTREMOS
1
2
3
Jhan Carlo Espinoza , Josyane Ronchail , Jean Loup Guyot , William Santini
4
1. Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP) y Universidad Agraria La Molina (UNALM).
/DERUDWRLUHG·2FpDQRJUDSKLHHWGH&OLPDW([SpULPHQWDWLRQHW$SSURFKHV1XPpULTXHV8QLYHUVLWp3DULV'LGHURW6RUERQQH3DULV&LWp3DULV)UDQFH
,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW%UDVLOLD%UD]LO\*pRVFLHQFHV(QYLURQQHPHQW7RXORXVH7RXORXVH)UDQFH
,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW/LPD3HU~\*pRVFLHQFHV(QYLURQQHPHQW7RXORXVH7RXORXVH)UDQFH
INTRODUCCIÓN
/DFXHQFDGHO$PD]RQDVHVODFXHQFDKLGUROyJLFDPiVJUDQGHGHOPXQGR6XYHUWLHQWH
FXEUHDOUHGHGRUGHNP\VXFDXGDOPHGLRHVHOPD\RUGHOPXQGRHVWLPDGR
HQ PV&DOOqGH HWDO 'HELGR DVXH[WHQVLyQ JHRJUiÀFD OD FXHQFD
GHO$PD]RQDV VH FDUDFWHUL]D SRU XQD IXHUWH YDULDELOLGDG HVSDFLDO GH ODV OOXYLDV \ GH
ORVUHJtPHQHVKLGUROyJLFRV(VSLQR]DHWDOD\E5HFLHQWHPHQWHHYHQWRV
KLGUROyJLFRV H[WUHPRV VH KDQ UHJLVWUDGR HQ HO UtR$PD]RQDV ORV FXDOHV OODPDURQ OD
DWHQFLyQGHODFRPXQLGDGFLHQWtÀFDPXQGLDO(VWRVHYHQWRVH[WUHPRVKDQGDGROXJDU
DVHYHUDVLQXQGDFLRQHVFRPRHQ\5RQFKDLOHWDO&KHQHW
DO0DUHQJRHWDOE\SHULRGRVGHIXHUWHVVHTXtDVFRPRHQ\
0DUHQJRHWDO(VSLQR]DHWDOORVFXDOHVUHVXOWDQPX\SHUMXGLFLDOHVSDUDODVVRFLHGDGHVTXHYLYHQFHUFDGHOFXUVRGHDJXDDVtFRPRSDUDODDJULFXOWXUD
\ORVHFRVLVWHPDVDPD]yQLFRVHJ$VQHU\$OHQFDU;XHWDO)HUQDQGHV
HWDO
(QHVWHWUDEDMRVHUHDOL]DXQDEUHYHGHVFULSFLyQGHODYDULDELOLGDGKLGUROyJLFDDFWXDOHQ
ODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFD$VtPLVPRHVWHWUDEDMRUHVXPHORVUHVXOWDGRVPiVUHOHYDQWHV
VREUHORVHYHQWRVKLGUROyJLFRVH[WUHPRVRFXUULGRVUHFLHQWHPHQWH\VXUHODFLyQFRQOD
YDULDELOLGDGFOLPiWLFDGDQGRXQHVSHFLDOpQIDVLVHQODSDUWHDQGLQDGHODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFD(VWHHVWXGLRVHKDKHFKRSRVLEOHJUDFLDVDQXHYRVGDWRVREWHQLGRVGHOREVHUYDWRULR25(+<%$0+LGURORJtD\*HRGLQiPLFDGHODFXHQFD$PD]yQLFDKWWSZZZ
RUHK\EDPRUJFRPRSDUWHGHODFRRSRHUDFLyQFLHQWtÀFDHQWUHHO,5',QVWLWXWR)UDQFpVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQSDUDHOGHVDUUROOR\ORVVHUYLFLRVPHWHRUROyJLFRVHKLGUROyJLFRVGH
ORVSDtVHVDPD]yQLFRVORTXHKDSHUPLWLGRTXHSRUSULPHUDYH]VHLQWHJUHLQIRUPDFLyQ
GHGLYHUVRVSDtVHVTXHIRUPDQSDUWHGHODJUDQFXHQFDDPD]yQLFD
LA DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL Y EL RÉGIMEN ESTACIONAL DE LAS
LLUVIAS EN LA CUENCA AMAZÓNICA
/DVUHJLRQHVPiVOOXYLRVDVGHODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDPiVGHPPDxRVHHQFXHQWUDQFHUFDGHOHVWXDULRH[SXHVWDVDOD=RQDGH&RQYHUJHQFLD,QWHUWURSLFDO,7&=\HQ
HO QRURHVWH GH OD FXHQFD DPD]RQtD FRORPELDQD QRUWH GH OD DPD]RQtD HFXDWRULDQD
13
QRUHVWHGH3HU~\HOQRURHVWHGH%UDVLO/DVSUHFLSLWDFLRQHVWDPELpQVRQDEXQGDQWHV
HQODXELFDFLyQPHGLDGHOD=RQDGH&RQYHUJHQFLDGHO$WOiQWLFR6XU6$&=HVWDEOHFLGDGXUDQWHHOYHUDQRDXVWUDOGHVGHHOQRURHVWHGHO$PD]RQDVKDVWDHO$WOiQWLFRVXU
VXEWURSLFDO)LJXUDD/DVOOXYLDVGLVPLQX\HQKDFLDORVWUySLFRV\DOFDQ]DQXQRV
PPDxRHQHOVXUHVWHGH%UDVLOPHQRVGHPPDxRHQHOOODQRSHUXDQREROLYLDQR
\HQHOHVWDGREUDVLOHxRGH5RUDLPDHOFXDOHVWiSURWHJLGRSRUHOHVFXGRJXD\DQpVGH
ODVFRUULHQWHVK~PHGDVGHO$WOiQWLFR)LJXUDD0HQRUSUHFLSLWDFLyQVHREVHUYDHQODV
UHJLRQHVDOWDVGHORV$QGHVGRQGHVHUHJLVWUDPHQRVGHPPDxRVREUHORV
PVQP$PHQRUHOHYDFLyQVHUHJLVWUDXQDIXHUWHYDULDELOLGDGHVSDFLDOFRQSUHFLSLWDFLRQHVTXHYDUtDQGHVGHDPPDxR(VWDYDULDELOLGDGHVSDFLDOVHUHODFLRQD
FRQODH[SRVLFLyQGHODVHVWDFLRQHVDORVYLHQWRVDOLVLRVK~PHGRVJHQHUDQGRPXFKDV
lluvias en el lado este de los Andes), o por lo contrario, a la protección de las estaciones
SRUODVPRQWDxDVDQGLQDV(VSLQR]DHWDOD
Figura 1.D/OXYLDWRWDODQXDOHQODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDSDUDHOSHULRGRHQ
PPDxR/DUHJLyQDQGLQDVREUHORVPVQPHVWiGHOLPLWDGDSRUODOtQHDHQEODQFR
\QHJURE5HJtPHQHVDQXDOHVGHODVSUHFLSLWDFLRQHV/RVJUiÀFRVPXHVWUDQODSUHFLSLWDFLyQPHQVXDOGHODVHVWDFLRQHVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDOPLVPRWLSRGHUpJLPHQ$GDSWDGRGH(VSLQR]DHWDOD
/RV UHJtPHQHV GH SUHFLSLWDFLRQHV GH OD FXHQFD GHO$PD]RQDV PXHVWUDQ XQD IXHUWH
RSRVLFLyQHQWUHHOQRUWH\HOVXU)LJXUDEFRQXQDHVWDFLyQOOXYLRVDHQMXQLRMXOLR\
DJRVWR--$HQGLFLHPEUHHQHURIHEUHUR'()HQHOQRUWHVXUGHELGRDODDOWHUQDQFLDGHOFDOHQWDPLHQWRGHFDGDKHPLVIHULR\GHOVLVWHPDGHODPRQ]yQDPHULFDQD9HUD
HWDO&HUFDGHOGHOWDGHO$PD]RQDVXQPi[LPRHQPDU]RDEULO\PD\R0$0
\ XQ PtQLPR HQ VHSWLHPEUH RFWXEUH QRYLHPEUH 621 VH DVRFLDQ FRQ OD PLJUDFLyQ
HVWDFLRQDOGHOD,7&=)LJXUDE(QODUHJLyQQRURHVWHHFXDWRULDOVHREVHUYDXQDPHMRUGLVWULEXFLyQGHODVSUHFLSLWDFLRQHVGXUDQWHHODxRFRQSRUFHQWDMHVGHSUHFLSLWDFLyQ
WULPHVWUDOHVFHUFDQRVDO(VSLQR]DHWDOD9DULRVUHJtPHQHVLQWHUPHGLRVVH
REVHUYDQHQWUHODVUHJLRQHVHFXDWRULDOHV\WURSLFDOHV)LJXUDE3DUDPD\RULQIRUPDFLyQVREUHHOUpJLPHQSOXYLRPpWULFRHQODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDYpDVH)LJXHURD\1REUH
0DUHQJR(VSLQR]DHWDODHWF
14
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
LA VARIABILIDAD HIDROLÓGICA EN LA CUENCA AMAZÓNICA
'LIHUHQWHV WUDEDMRV KDQ PRVWUDGR OD UHODFLyQ HQWUH HO IHQyPHQR (O 1LxR 2VFLODFLyQ GHO 6XU
(162\ODYDULDELOLGDGKLGUROyJLFD\SOXYLRPpWULFDHQHOQRURHVWHGHODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDHJ
0DUHQJRHWDO8YRHWDO5RQFKDLOHWDO:LOOLDPVHWDO(QJHQHUDOORV
DXWRUHVPXHVWUDQTXHHQHVWDUHJLyQODVOOXYLDV\FDXGDOHVVRQVXSHULRUHVLQIHULRUHVDORQRUPDO
GXUDQWH/D1LxD(O1LxR$GLFLRQDOPHQWHWUDEDMRVPiVUHFLHQWHVKDQPRVWUDGRTXHODVHxDO
GHO(162QRHVVLJQLÀFDWLYDKDFLDHORHVWHGHODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDHJ5RQFKDLOHWDO
3RYHGDHWDO(VSLQR]DHWDODE$ORHVWHGHODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDODVOOXYLDV
\FDXGDOHVPXHVWUDQXQDPD\RUUHODFLyQFRQODYDULDELOLGDGGHODWHPSHUDWXUDVXSHUÀFLDOGHOPDU
667HQHO$WOiQWLFRWURSLFDOQRUWH0LHQWUDVTXHOD667HVPiVHOHYDGDGHORQRUPDOHQHVWD
UHJLyQRFHiQLFDXQGpÀFLWGHOOXYLDV\FDXGDOHVHVREVHUYDGRHQHORHVWHGHODFXHQFD<RRQ\
=HQJHQHVSHFLDOHQODVFXHQFDVGHORVUtRV6ROLP}HV\0DGHLUD(VSLQR]DHWDOE
/DYDGRHWDOLQSUHVV'HVGHÀQDOHVGHORVDxRVRFKHQWDOD667GHO$WOiQWLFRWURSLFDOQRUWHHV
PiVFiOLGDGHORQRUPDO<RRQ\=HQJ(VSLQR]DHWDOORFXDOFRLQFLGHFRQXQFDPELRGHIDVHGHOD$022VFLODFLyQPXOWLGHFDGDOGHO$WOiQWLFR5HFLHQWHVHVWXGLRVVXJLHUHQTXH
HVWHLQFUHPHQWRGHOD667HQHO$WOiQWLFRWURSLFDOQRUWHKDRULJLQDGRIXHUWHVVHTXtDVHQODFXHQFD
DPD]yQLFDHQORV~OWLPRVDxRV0DUHQJRHWDO&R[HWDO(VSLQR]DHWDO
EVOLUCIÓN RECIENTE DE LOS CAUDALES Y SEQUÍAS EN EL ALTO SOLIMÕES
La evolución reciente de los caudales en la cuenca amazónica ha sido analizada utilizando
LQIRUPDFLyQGHHVWDFLRQHVKLGURPpWULFDGHODVSULQFLSDOHVVXEFXHQFDVSDUDHOSHULRGR
(VSLQR]DHWDOE(VWHDQiOLVLVPXHVWUDTXHODHVWDELOLGDGGHOFDXGDOPHdio en el curso principal del amazonas, donde ninguna tendencia ha sido registrada (Callède
HWDOVHH[SOLFDSRUFDPELRVUHJLRQDOHVRSXHVWRVTXHLQYROXFUDQSULQFLSDOPHQWHD
UtRVDQGLQRVXQLQFUHPHQWRGHODHVFRUUHQWtDGXUDQWHDJXDVDOWDVHQODVUHJLRQHVGHOQRURHVWHGHFRORUD]XOHQOD)LJXUDD\XQDGLVPLQXFLyQGHODHVFRUUHQWtDHQHOSHUtRGRGHHVWLDMHSDUWLFXODUPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHHQODVUHJLRQHVGHOVXURHVWHGHFRORUURMRHQOD)LJXUDE
Figura 2&RHÀFLHQWHVGHFRUUHODFLyQGH3HDUVRQU6SHDUPDQS\.HQGDOO7HQWUHODHVFRUUHQWtD\HOWLHPSRHQODVVXEFXHQFDVDPD]yQLFDVSDUDDORVYDORUHVPi[LPRV
DQXDOHV\EORVYDORUHVPtQLPRV/RVYDORUHVSRUHQFLPDGHVRQVLJQLÀFDWLYRV
DOQLYHOGHDTXHOORVSRUHQFLPDGHVRQVLJQLÀFDWLYRVDOQLYHOGH/RV
FRORUHV LQGLFDQ OD VHxDO \ OD IXHU]D GH OD WHQGHQFLD URMR WHQGHQFLD QHJDWLYD \ D]XO
WHQGHQFLDSRVLWLYD$GDSWDGRGH(VSLQR]DHWDOE
'HVGHÀQDOHVGHORVDxRVRFKHQWDVHYHUDVVHTXtDVKDQRFXUULGRHQODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDODVFXDOHVKDQVLGRDVRFLDGDVDOFDOHQWDPLHQWRGHODWHPSHUDWXUDVXSHUÀFLDO
GHOPDU667HQHO$WOiQWLFRWURSLFDOQRUWHORFXDOSURGXFHXQDDQRUPDOSRVLFLyQGHOD
,7&=KDFLDHOQRUWH\XQDGLVPLQXFLyQGHODSRUWHGHKXPHGDGKDFLDODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDHJ0DUHQJR8YRHWDO<RRQ\=HQJ3RUHMHPSORHORULJHQ
GHODGUDPiWLFDVHTXtDGHOHVSHFLDOPHQWHLQWHQVDHQHOVXURHVWHGHODDPD]RQtD
VHDWULEX\HDHOHYDGRVYDORUHVGH667HQHO$WOiQWLFRWURSLFDOQRUWH=HQJHWDO
0DUHQJRHWDO&R[HWDO
(ORHVWHGHODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDHODOWR6ROLP}HVR$PD]RQDVSHUXDQRWDPELpQKD
VXIULGRGHPDQHUDLQWHQVDHSLVRGLRVVHFRVHQORV~OWLPRVDxRV/DSDUWHDOWDGHOUtR
6ROLP}HVHQODHVWDFLyQKLGURPpWULFDGH7DPVKL\DFXVREUHHOUtR$PD]RQDVHQ3HU~
WLHQHXQGUHQDMHGHNP)LJXUDD\XQFDXGDOPHGLRGHPVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHHOGHOFDXGDOHQODGHVHPERFDGXUDGHO$PD]RQDV(VSLQR]DHWDO
E(QHVWDHVWDFLyQVHKDUHJLVWUDGRXQDWHQGHQFLDQHJDWLYDHQODSUHFLSLWDFLyQPHGLDDQXDO\HOFDXGDOSDUDHOSHUtRGR)LJXUDE\)LJXUDE$Vt
WDPELpQODVIUHFXHQWHVVHTXtDVKDQVLGRREVHUYDGDVGHVGHÀQDOHVGHORVDxRVRFKHQWDV)LJXUDE(VSLQR]DHWDO
Figura 3D(VWDFLRQHVKLGUROyJLFDVWULiQJXORVURMRV\SOXYLRPpWULFDVFtUFXORVD]XOHVHQODFXHQFDGH7DPVKL\DFX(OQRPEUHGHORVUtRVD]XO\GHODHVWDFLyQKLGURPpWULFDGH7DPVKL\DFXURMRVRQLQGLFDGRVHQ$]XOE
9DULDELOLGDGLQWHUDQXDOGHODOOXYLDDQXDOOtQHDQHJUDGHODHVFRUUHQWtD
PHGLDOtQHDD]XO\GHODHVFRUUHQWtDGHHVWLDMHOtQHDURMDHQODHVWDFLyQGH7DPVKL-
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
\DFX/DVEDUUDVYHUWLFDOHVLQGLFDQODVSULQFLSDOHVVHTXtDVUHJLVWUDGDV$GDSWDGRGH
(VSLQR]DHWDO
(QWUHHOODVODVHTXtDGHOIXHSDUWLFXODUPHQWHVHYHUD\OOHYyDODVDXWRULGDGHVD
GHFODUDUHVWDGRGHHPHUJHQFLDS~EOLFRHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQDGHELGRDSUREOHPDV
HQHOWUDQVSRUWHÁXYLDO\HODEDVWHFLPLHQWRGHDOLPHQWRVDODSREODFLyQ6(1$0+,3HU~
FRPXQLFDGRGHSUHQVD1ƒ(VSLQR]DHWDOKDQUHDOL]DGRXQDWLSRORJtDGHODVVHTXtDVH[WUHPDVUHJLVWUDGDVHQODDPD]RQtDSHUXDQD
\VLHQGRODPiVLQWHQVDODUHJLVWUDGDHQVHSWLHPEUHGH(QODDPD]RQtD
SHUXDQD ODV VHTXtDV KDQ VLGR LJXDOPHQWH DVRFLDGDV FRQ DQRPDOtDV SRVLWLYDV GH OD
WHPSHUDWXUD VXSHUÀFLDO GHO PDU 667 HQ HO$WOiQWLFR WURSLFDO QRUWH \ YLHQWRV DOLVLRV
GpELOHVDVtFRPRGHXQGpELOWUDQVSRUWHGHYDSRUGHDJXDKDFLDHODOWR6ROLP}HVTXH
HQDVRFLDFLyQFRQHODXPHQWRGHODVXEVLGHQFLDVREUHHOFHQWUR\VXUGHOD$PD]RQtD
H[SOLFDQODIDOWDGHOOXYLDV\ODVEDMRVFDXGDOHV6LQHPEDUJRHQKDFLDHOÀQDOGHO
HYHQWR(O1LxRODVHTXtDHVWXYRPiVUHODFLRQDGDFRQXQDIXHUWHGLYHUJHQFLDGHYDSRUGHDJXDHQHORHVWHGHOD$PD]RQtDFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHXQHYHQWRFiOLGR
HQHO3DFtÀFR'XUDQWHODSULPDYHUDHLQYLHUQRDXVWUDOGHOVHUHJLVWUyODVHTXtD
PiVVHYHUDHQODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDGHVGHORVDxRV)LJXUDE\F6XPD\RU
LQWHQVLGDG\GXUDFLyQTXHODVHTXtDGHOSXHGHVHUH[SOLFDGDSRUODDGLFLyQGHO
IHQyPHQR(O1LxRGXUDQWHHOYHUDQRDXVWUDO)LJXUDDVHJXLGRSRUXQHSLVRGLRPX\
FiOLGRHQHORFpDQR$WOiQWLFRWURSLFDOQRUWH)LJXUDE3DUDPD\RUHVGHWDOOHVVREUHOD
VHTXtDH[FHSFLRQDOGHOYHU/HZLVHWDO0DUHQJRHWDOD\(VSLQR]D
HWDO
Figura 4$QRPDOtDVGHODWHPSHUDWXUDVXSHUÀFLDOGHOPDU667GXUDQWHD(QHUR²
0DU]R\E$EULO-XQLRGHH[SUHVDGRHQÝ&6RODPHQWHORVYDORUHVPiVJUDQGHV
TXH[OD'HVYLDFLyQ6WDQGDUGVRQJUDÀFDGRV$GDSWDGRGH(VSLQR]DHWDOF
&DXGDOHVGLDULRVHQODHVWDFLyQKLGURPpWULFDGH7DPVKL\DFXGXUDQWHDODxRKLGUROyJLFR
GHGH6HSWLHPEUHDGH$JRVWR/DOtQHDD]XOJUXHVDUHSUHVHQWDODPHGLDQDGHO
SHULRGR\ODOtQHDURMDUHSUHVHQWDHODxRKLGUROyJLFR
'XUDQWHHODxRKLGUROyJLFRVLQHPEDUJRVHKDREVHUYDGRHQODHVWDFLyQGH
7DPVKL\DFXXQDJUDQGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHORVFDXGDOHVGHHVWLDMHGXUDQWHVHSWLHPEUH
\ORVFDXGDOHVGHFUHFLGDGXUDQWHHOPHVGHPD\RGH)LJXUDF/RVFDXGDOHV
GHFUHFLGDVRQHQJHQHUDOWUHVYHFHVPiVHOHYDGRVTXHORVFDXGDOHVGXUDQWHODVDJXDV
EDMDV6LQHPEDUJRGXUDQWHHODxRKLGUROyJLFRORVFDXGDOHVGHFUHFLGDIXHURQFLQFRYHFHVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVTXHGXUDQWHHOHVWLDMH(VWRPXHVWUDODIXHUWHYDULDELOLGDGUHJLVWUDGDHQODKLGURORJtDGHO$PD]RQDVSHUXDQRGXUDQWHUHJLVWUiQGRVHSRU
XQODGRHOFDXGDOGHHVWLDMHUHFRUG\FDXGDOHVPX\DOWRVGXUDQWHODFUHFLGDHQWUHORV
YDORUHVPiVDOWRVTXHVHKDOODQUHJLVWUDGR(ORULJHQFOLPiWLFRGHHVWDDEUXSWDWUDQVLFLyQHVWiD~QEDMRLQYHVWLJDFLyQ(QSDUWLFXODUHVLPSRUWDQWHHVWXGLDUODUHODFLyQHQWUH
HOHYHQWR/D1LxDHQHO3DFtÀFRHFXDWRULDOGXUDQWHHOYHUDQR\ODRFXUUHQFLD
GHIXHUWHVOOXYLDV\HOHYDGRVFDXGDOHVHQODDPD]RQtDSHUXDQD
CONCLUSIONES Y COMENTARIOS FINALES
/RVHYHQWRVKLGUROyJLFRVH[WUHPRVHQODFXHQFDGHOUtR$PD]RQDVVRQPiVIUHFXHQWHV
GHVGHÀQDOHVGHORVDxRVRFKHQWDXQLQFUHPHQWRGHORVFDXGDOHVGXUDQWHDJXDVDOWDV
ha sido observado en el noroeste de la cuenca, mientras que una disminución de los
FDXGDOHV GH OD pSRFD GH HVWLDMH FDUDFWHUL]D ODV FXHQFDV GHO VXU RHVWH GH OD FXHQFD
DPD]yQLFD(QODSDUWHDOWDGHOUtR6ROLP}HV$PD]RQDVSHUXDQRVHKDREVHUYDGR
XQDVLJQLÀFDWLYDGLVPLQXFLyQGHOOXYLDV\GHFDXGDOHVGHHVWLDMHWUD\HQGRFRPRFRQVRFLDODDSDULFLyQGHVHYHUDVVHTXtDVHQWUHODVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVODVGH
\ /DV VHTXtDV VRQ JHQHUDOPHQWH DVRFLDGDV D DQRPDOtDV SRVLWLYDV GH OD
WHPSHUDWXUDVXSHUÀFLDOGHOPDUHQHO$WOiQWLFRWURSLFDOQRUWH\XQGHELOLWDPLHQWRGHORV
YLHQWRVDOLVLRV\GHOWUDQVSRUWHGHYDSRUGHDJXDORFXDOH[SOLFDXQGpÀFLWGHOOXYLDV\
FDXGDOHVDORHVWHGHODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFD6LQHPEDUJRHQODVHTXtDKDVLGR
SULQFLSDOPHQWHUHODFLRQDGDDOHSLVRGLRGH(O1LxRGH/DPD\RUIUHFXHQFLD
GHODVVHTXtDVHQORV~OWLPRVDxRVHVWiUHODFLRQDGDFRQODWHQGHQFLDDOFDOHQWDPLHQWR
GHO$WOiQWLFRWURSLFDOQRUWHGHVGHORVDxRVVHWHQWD
/XHJRGHORVEDMRVFDXGDOHVUHJLVWUDGRVHQFDXGDOHVPiVHOHYDGRVGHORQRUPDO
KDQ VLGR UHSRUWDGRV D LQLFLRV GHO HQ HO$PD]RQDV SHUXDQR (VWR KD JHQHUDGR
XQDLQXVXDOGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHORVFDXGDOHVGHHVWLDMHVHSWLHPEUH\ORVFDXGDOHV
GHFUHFLGDPD\RGHGXUDQWHHODxRKLGUROyJLFR(VWHIHQyPHQRVLQ
HPEDUJRVHHQFXHQWUDD~QEDMRLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
/D PD\RU IUHFXHQFLD GH ORV HYHQWRV KLGUROyJLFRV H[WUHPRV GRFXPHQWDGRV HQ HVWH
WUDEDMR SXHGH WUDHU LPSRUWDQWHV LPSDFWRV VRFLDOHV FRPR HQ OD VDOXG WUDQVSRUWH GH
PHUFDGHUtDVLQFHQGLRVIRUHVWDOHV\HQORVUHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHVHQJHQHUDO'DGRHVWH
SDQRUDPDUHVXOWDLPSRUWDQWHFXDQWLÀFDUGLFKRVLPSDFWRV\HVWDEOHFHUSROtWLFDVSDUDOD
PLWLJDFLyQGHODVFRQVHFXHQFLDVQHJDWLYDV
18
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
REFERENCIAS
$VQHU*31$OHQFDU'URXJKWLPSDFWVRQWKH$PD]RQIRUHVW7KHUHPRWHVHQVLQJSHUVSHFWLYH1HZ3K\WRO²GRLM[
&DOOqGH-*X\RW-5RQFKDLO-/+RWH<1LHO+GH2OLYHLUD((YROXWLRQGXGpELWGH
O·$PD]RQHj2ELGRVGHj+\GURO6FL-²
Callède, J., Cochonneau, G., Ronchail, J., Alves, V., Guyot, J., Guimaraes, V., de Oliveira, E.
/HV DSSRUWV HQ HDX GH O·$PD]RQH D O·2FHDQ $WODQWLTXH 5HY 6FL O·(DX ²
11174, 11189, 11191, 11192, 11209, 11212
&KHQ - / :LOVRQ &5 7DSOH\ '% 7KH H[FHSWLRQDO $PD]RQ ÁRRG DQG LQWHrannual terrestrial water storage change observed by GRACE, Water Resources, 46, 1-10,
GRL:5
&R[30+DUULV33+XQWLQJIRUG&%HWWV5$&ROOLQV0-RQHV&'-XSS7(0DUHQJR-$1Rbre CA. 2008. Increasing risk of Amazonian drought due to decreasing aerosol pollution. Nature
8²8
(VSLQR]D-&)UDL]\3*X\RW-/2UGRxH]-3RPERVD55RQFKDLO-/DYDULDELOLWpGHVGpELWVGXULR$PD]RQDVDX3pURX&OLPDWH9DULDELOLW\DQG&KDQJH+\GURORJLFDOLPSDFWV
,$+63XEO²
(VSLQR]D-&5RQFKDLO-*X\RW-/&RFKHQHDX*)LOL]ROD1/DYDGR:'H2OLYHLUD
E., Pombosa, R., Vauchel, P. 2009a. Spatio-Temporal rainfall variability in the Amazon Basin
&RXQWULHV%UD]LO3HUX%ROLYLD&RORPELDDQG(FXDGRU,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI&OLPDWRORJ\
1574–1594.
(VSLQR]D-&*X\RW-/5RQFKDLO-&RFKRQQHDX*)LOL]ROD1)UDL]\3GH2OLYHLUD(
2UGRxH]--9DXFKHO3E&RQWUDVWLQJUHJLRQDOGLVFKDUJHHYROXWLRQVLQWKH$PD]RQEDVLQ
-RXUQDORI+\GURORJ\²
(VSLQR]D-&-5RQFKDLO-/*X\RW&-XQTXDV39DXFKHO:/DYDGR*'UDSHDX5
3RPERVD&OLPDWHYDULDELOLW\DQGH[WUHPHGURXJKWLQWKHXSSHU6ROLP}HV5LYHUZHVWHUQ
$PD]RQ %DVLQ 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ WKH H[FHSWLRQDO GURXJKW *HRSK\VLFDO 5HVHDUFK /HWWHUV
GRL*/
)HUQDQGHV.%DHWKJHQ:%HUQDUGHV6'H)ULHV5+HZLWW'**RGGDUG//DYDGR:
/HH'(3DGRFK&3LQHGRɅ9DVTXH]08ULDUWH01RUWK7URSLFDO$WODQWLFLQÁXHQFHRQ
ZHVWHUQ$PD]RQÀUHVHDVRQYDULDELOLW\*HRSK\VLFDO5HVHDUFK/HWWHUVGRL
2011GL047392.
)LJXHURD611REUH&$3UHFLSLWDWLRQGLVWULEXWLRQRYHUFHQWUDODQGZHVWHUQWURSLFDO6RXWK
$PHULFD&OLPDQiOLVH²
/DYDGR : 5RQFKDLO - /DEDW ' (VSLQR]D -& *X\RW -/$ EDVLQVFDOH DQDO\VLV RI UDLQIDOO
DQGUXQRIILQ3HUX3DFLÀF7LWLFDFDDQG$PD]RQDVGUDLQDJHV,QSUHVV+\GURORJLFDO
Sciences Journal.
/HZLV6/30%UDQGR2/3KLOOLSV*0)YDQGHU+HLMGHQDQG'1HSVWDG7KH
$PD]RQGURXJKW6FLHQFH1HZ<RUN1<GRLVFLHQFH
Marengo, J. 1992. Interannual variability of surface climate in the Amazon basin. International
-RXUQDORI&OLPDWRORJ\²
0DUHQJR-7RPDVHOOD-8YR&/RQJ²WHUPVWUHDPÁRZDQGUDLQIDOOÁXFWXDWLRQLQWURSLFDO6RXWK$PHULFD$PD]RQLDHDVWHUQ%UD]LODQGQRUWKZHVW3HUX-RXUQDORI*HRSK\VLFDO5HVHDUFK²
Marengo, J., Nobre, C., Tomasella, J., Oyama, M., de Oliveira, G., de Oliveira, R., Camargo, H.,
$OYHV/7KHGURXJKWLQ$PD]RQLDLQ-RXUQDORI&OLPDWH²
0DUHQJR-$7RPDVHOOD-$OYHV/06RDUHV:55RGULJXH]'$D7KHGURXJKWRI
LQWKHFRQWH[WRIKLVWRULFDOGURXJKWVLQWKH$PD]RQUHJLRQ*HRSK\VLFDO5HVHDUFK/HWWHUV
GRL*/
0DUHQJR-$7RPDVHOOD-6RDUHV:5$OYHV/01REUH&E([WUHPHFOLPDWLFHYHQWV
LQWKH$PD]RQEDVLQ7KHRUHWLFDODQG$SSOLHG&OLPDWRORJ\GRLV
Poveda, G., Waylen, PR., Pulwarty, RS. 2006. Annual and inter-annual variability of the present
climate in northern South America and southern Mesoamerica. Palaeogeography, PalaeoclimaWRORJ\3DODHRHFRORJ\²
Ronchail, J., Cochonneau, G., Molinier, M., Guyot, JL., Goretti de Miranda Chaves, A., Guimarães, V., de Oliveira, E. 2002. Rainfall variability in the Amazon Basin and SSTs in the tropical
3DFLÀFDQG$WODQWLFRFHDQV,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI&OLPDWRORJ\
5RQFKDLO - *X\RW -/ (VSLQR]D -& )UDL]\ 3 &RFKRQQHDX * GH 2OLYHLUD ( )LOL]ROD
13 2UGRxH] *iOYH] -- ,PSDFW RI WKH$PD]RQ WULEXWDULHV RQ PDMRU ÁRRGV DW ÐELGRV
WK )5,(1' :RUOG &RQIHUHQFH &OLPDWH YDULDELOLW\ DQG FKDQJH +\GURORJLFDO LPSDFWV ,$+6
/D+DYDQH&XED
8YR&5HSHOOL&=HELDN6.XVKQLU<7KHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWURSLFDOSDFLÀFDQG
DWODQWLF667DQGQRUWKHDVW%UD]LOPRQWKO\SUHFLSLWDWLRQ-RXUQDORI&OLPDWH²
8YR&7ROOH8%HUQGWVVRQ5)RUHFDVWLQJGLVFKDUJHLQ$PD]RQXVLQJDUWLÀFLDOQHXUDO
QHWZRUNV,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI&OLPDWRORJ\²
9HUD&+LJJLQV:$PDGRU-$PEUL]]L7*DUUHDXG5*RFKLQ'*XW]OHU'/HWWHQPDLHU
'0DUHQJR-0HFKRVR&1RJXHV3DHJOH-6LOYD'LD]3/=KDQJ&7RZDUGVD
XQLÀHGYLHZRIWKH$PHULFDQ0RQVRRQ6\VWHP-RXUQDORI&OLPDWH²
:LOOLDPV($'DOO·$QWRQLD9'DOO·$QWRQLD-GH$OPHLGD)6XDUH]%/LHEPDQQ$0DOKDGR
7KHGURXJKWRIWKHFHQWXU\LQWKH$PD]RQEDVLQ$QDQDO\VLVRIWKHUHJLRQDOYDULDWLRQRI
rainfall in South America in 1926. Acta Amazonica, 35 (2), 231–238.
Xu, L., Samanta, A., Costa, M., Ganguly, S., Nemani, R., Myneni, R. 2011. Widespread decline in
greenness of Amazonian vegetation due to the 2010 drought, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L07402,
GRL*/
<RRQ-+=HQJ+$Q$WODQWLFLQÁXHQFHRQ$PD]RQUDLQIDOO&OLP'\Q
Zeng, N., Yoon, J., Marengo, J., Subramaniam, A., Nobre, C., Mariotti, A., and Neelin, J. 2008.
&DXVHVDQGLPSDFWRIWKH$PD]RQGURXJKW(QYLURQPHQWDO5HVHDUFK/HWWHUVSS
20
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
ECOLOGÍA,
BIOLOGÍA Y
PESQUERÍAS
21
LA DIVERSIDAD, MIGRACIÓN, PESQUERIAS Y PISCICULTURA EN
EL ECUADOR
1
Ramiro Barriga S .
,QVWLWXWR GH &LHQFLDV %LROyJLFDV (VFXHOD 3ROLWpFQLFD 1DFLRQDO UDPLUREDUULJD#HSQ
edu.ec
INTRODUCCIÓN
/DULTXH]DGHHVSHFLHVGHSHFHVGHDJXDGXOFHGHO(FXDGRUVHVXVWHQWDHQODLQIRUPDFLyQ GH OD FROHFFLyQ GH SHFHV GHO ,QVWLWXWR GH &LHQFLDV %LROyJLFDV GH OD (VFXHOD
3ROLWpFQLFD1DFLRQDO(31/DVHVSHFLHVKDQVLGRFODVLÀFDGDVHQ=RQDV,FWLRKLGURJUiÀFDVGHDFXHUGRDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHFDGDFXHQFDFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHIDFWRUHV
ELRJHRJUiÀFRVKLVWyULFRVTXHGHWHUPLQDURQODGLVSHUVLyQ\HODLVODPLHQWRJHRJUiÀFR
/DSUHVHQFLDGHODVPRQWDxDVFRVWHUDVODVFRUGLOOHUDV$QGLQDV\ODWHUFHUDFRUGLOOHUD
RULHQWDOKDQLQÁXLGRHQODPRUIRORJtDGHORVVLVWHPDVKLGURJUiÀFRV\HQVXVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHFROyJLFDV
(OWRWDOGHHVSHFLHVGHSHFHVGHODV=RQDV,FWLRKLGURJUiÀFDVGHO(FXDGRUVHKDQUHJLVWUDGRHVSHFLHVHVWiQDJUXSDGDVHQyUGHQHVIDPLOLDVVXEIDPLOLDV
JpQHURV)LJXUD(QOD5HJLyQ2ULHQWDOHQODDOWD$PD]RQLDHOPD\RUQ~PHURFRUUHVSRQGHDODV]RQDV$1FRQHVSHFLHV$3WLHQHHVSHFLHV8=FRQHVSHFLHV$3
FRQ\&KSRVHHHVSHFLHV(QODEDMD$PD]RQLDOD1DSRODPiVGLYHUVDFRQ
HVSHFLHVVHJXLGDGH3DVWD]DFRQ\0RURQD6DQWLDJRHVSHFLHV
(VWUDVFHQGHQWDOODJUDQULTXH]DGHHVSHFLHVTXHWLHQHHO(FXDGRUFRQODGHRWURVSDtVHVGH6XGDPpULFD6LVHFRPSDUDFRQORVSDtVHVYHFLQRV&RORPELD\3HU~HQVXSHUÀFLHFXDWURYHFHVPD\RUODULTXH]DGHHVSHFLHVGHSHFHVGHO(FXDGRUHTXLYDOHDO
GHODGLYHUVLGDGGHSHFHVGHHVRVSDtVHV&RQUHODFLyQD%ROLYLDTXHWLHQHODPLVPD
H[WHQVLyQTXH&RORPELDODGLYHUVLGDGHTXLYDOHDOGHODLFWLRIDXQDGHO(FXDGRU
ECOLOGIA DE PECES
22
Los estudios sobre la migración y las comunidades de los peces de la Amazonia y
HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQHO<DVXQtIXHURQUHDOL]DGRVSRU6WHZDUWHWDO*DODFDWRVHWDO
*DODFDWRVHWDO6WHZDUWHWDO(VWRVSUR\HFWRVIXHURQUHDOL]DGRV
HQ FRODERUDFLyQ FRQ OD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH 6\UDFXVH FRQ XQD GXUDFLyQ GH FXDWUR DxRV
(O0XVHR)LHOGGH&KLFDJRDSR\yDORVSUR\HFWRVGHOD(FRORJtD'LVWULEXFLRQDOGHORV
SHFHVGHOUtR1DSR6WHZDUWHWDO&RQVHUYDFLyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDO&,DXVSLFLyHO
3UR\HFWR5$3HQODFRUGLOOHUDGHO&yQGRUHQ'HODPLVPDPDQHUDGHVGH
KDVWDHOWDPELpQDXVSLFLyHOSUR\HFWR$48$5$3HQODVFXHQFDVKLGURJUiÀFDV
PiVVHQVLEOHVGHORVSDtVHVGHOD$PD]RQLD(Q/D(31\OD8QLYHUVLGDG0D\RU
GH6DQ0DUFRVGH/LPDUHDOL]DURQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHODLFWLRORJtD\OLPQRORJtDGHOD
FXHQFDGHOUtR3DVWD]DHQORVVHFWRUHVHFXDWRULDQR\SHUXDQR(Q/D8QLYHUVLGDG
GH6\UDFXVH\OD(31HIHFWXDURQHOHVWXGLRGHODPLJUDFLyQGHORVEDJUHVJLJDQWHVHQ
OD$PD]RQLDHFXDWRULDQD/D)XQGDFLyQ1DFLRQDOGH&LHQFLDVGHORV(VWDGRV8QLGRV\
1DWLRQDO*HRJUDSKLFGLHURQHOVRSRUWHHFRQyPLFRSDUDORVSUR\HFWRVHQODFXHQFDGHO
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
UtR1DSR/RVDVSHFWRVHFROyJLFRV\UHSURGXFWLYRVGHODLFWLRIDXQDGHOUtR7LSXWLQLIXHURQ
ÀQDQFLDGRVSRUHO)RQGR$PELHQWDO2&3
LA PESCA EXTRACTIVA
/DSHVFDHQOD$PD]RQLDHFXDWRULDQDVHGHVHQYXHOYHHQORVDPELHQWHVOyWLFRV\OpQWLFRVGHOERVTXHGHLQXQGDFLyQ/RVFXUVRVVXSHULRUHVGHODVJUDQGHVFXHQFDVKLGURJUiÀFDVFRPR3XWXPD\R1DSR3DVWD]D7LJUH0RURQD\6DQWLDJRDOEHUJDQDSREODFLRQHVGHSHFHVTXHVHGHVSOD]DQHQWUHODEDMD\DOWD$PD]RQLDHFXDWRULDQD
/D$PD]RQLDHVWiSREODGDSRUGLIHUHQWHVJUXSRVpWQLFRVFRPR&RIiQHV6KLRQDV.LFKZDV +XDRUDQL 6KXDU \$FKXDU (VWDV HWQLDV VH KDOODQ XELFDGDV D OR ODUJR GH ODV
JUDQGHVFXHQFDVKLGURJUiÀFDV3HURHOLQFUHPHQWRSREODFLRQDOKDLQWHQVLÀFDGRODSHVFDÁXYLDOSRUSDUWHGHODVHWQLDV\FRORQRV/DGHQVLGDGGHODSREODFLyQHQHORULHQWH
HFXDWRULDQRHVPX\EDMDPHQRVGHKDE.PDOFDQ]DQGRGHQVLGDGHVGHKDE
.PTXHFRUUHVSRQGHQDORVFDQWRQHVTXHHVWiQOLJDGDVDODDFWLYLGDGSHWUROHUD,*0
Figura 10DSDGHODV=RQDV,FWLRKLGURJUiÀFDVGHO(FXDGRU
23
/DVFRQGLFLRQHVHFROyJLFDVGHODFXHQFDPiVJUDQGHGHO(FXDGRUOHSHUPLWHPDQWHQHU
DXQDPD\RUGLYHUVLGDG\DEXQGDQFLDGHSHFHVFRPHUFLDOHVTXHVHUHIXJLDQHQOD5HVHUYDGHSURGXFFLyQ)DXQtVWLFDGH&X\DEHQR\HO3DUTXH1DFLRQDO<DVXQt/DPD\RU
DFWLYLGDGSHVTXHUDVHUHDOL]DHQODFXHQFDGHOUtR1DSR(OSHVFDGRVHFRQVXPHHQ
PHQRUFDQWLGDGHQODVFLXGDGHVGH/DJR$JULR\HO7HQD/RVSHVFDGRUHVSURIHVLRQDOHV
VHGHVSOD]DQHQXQDGLVWDQFLDGH.PHQWUH)UDQFLVFRGH2UHOODQD&RFD\1XHYR
5RFDIXHUWH 1DWLYRV \ FRORQRV OOHYDQ HO H[FHGHQWH GHO DXWRFRQVXPR D YHQGHU HQ OD
PLVPDFLXGDGFX\RYDORUOHVSHUPLWHDGTXLULUDOLPHQWRVPHGLFLQDVYHVWLGRV3DUDORV
FXUVRVDOWRV\PHGLRVGHORVUtRV7LJUH&XUDUD\%RERQD]D\3DVWD]DODFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQWLHQHGLÀFXOWDGHV\DTXHQRH[LVWHQYtDVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ\ORVFXUVRVÁXYLDOHV
VRQVLQXRVRV(OPLVPRSUREOHPDKDQWHQLGRORVFRPHUFLDQWHVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHV
FXDQGRKDQLQFXUVLRQDGRHQHVWDDFWLYLGDG\KDQIUDFDVDGRHQVXLQWHQWRGHELGRDODOWR
FRVWRGHOWUDQVSRUWHDpUHRHQWUHODVSREODFLRQHVGHOFHQWURGHOD$PD]RQLDHFXDWRULDQD
La construcción de las nuevas carreteras tiene relación directa con los modos de proGXFFLyQTXHKDQIDFLOLWDGRODGHIRUHVWDFLyQ\FRORQL]DFLyQGHQXHYDViUHDVGHVWLQDGDV
DODVDFWLYLGDGHVDJURSHFXDULDV(VWiQUHODFLRQDGDVFRQORVFXOWLYRVGHDXWRFRQVXPR
FRPR\XFD\FDxDGHD]~FDU$OJXQRVSURGXFWRVKDQOOHJDGRDWHFQLÀFDUVHFRPRHOWp
\ OD SDOPD DIULFDQD FX\D SURGXFFLyQ HV LQGXVWULDOL]DGD /RV FRORQRV \ QDWLYRV HQ OD
~OWLPDGpFDGDHVWiQHIHFWXDQGRXQDSLVFLFXOWXUDH[WHQVLYD\ODVHQWLGDGHVGHJRELHUQR
SURYLQFLDOVHHQFXHQWUDQUHDOL]DQGRXQDSLVFLFXOWXUDVHPLQWHQVLYD
/DSHVFDFRPHUFLDOQXQFDVHKDGHVDUUROODGRHQHO(FXDGRUGHELGRDOEDMRFRQVXPR
GHSHFHVHQODVFLXGDGHV\SREODGRVGHOD$PD]RQLD$TXtVHH[SHQGHQJUDQGHVFDQWLGDGHVGHHQODWDGRVGHRULJHQPDULQR7DPELpQKDLQFLGLGRODH[WHQVLyQGHODVFXHQFDV
KLGURJUiÀFDVHFXDWRULDQDVTXHVRQGHPHQRUWDPDxRDOGHORVVLVWHPDVKLGURJUiÀFRV
GHSDtVHVYHFLQRV(OFRQVXPREDMRGHOUHFXUVRtFWLFRKDLPSHGLGRTXHORVSHVFDGRUHV
se organicen en cooperativas u otras asociaciones, donde la comercialización se susWHQWDHQHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHORVFXDUWRVIUtRV/RVSHVFDGRUHVQRJXDUGDQQLQJXQD
GHSHQGHQFLDFRQQLQJXQDDVRFLDFLyQJUHPLDOSDWURQDORHFRQyPLFD
La comercialización de los peces amazónicos ecuatorianos se realiza a lo largo del
UtR1DSRWHQLHQGRFRPRFHQWURGHDFRSLRDO3XHUWR)UDQFLVFRGH2UHOODQD&RFD(Q
HODxRGHORVSHVFDGRUHVSURIHVLRQDOHVHUDQVHLV\HQHODxROOHJDQD
PLHPEURV7DEOD
Tabla 1.(YROXFLyQGHYRO~PHQHVGHSHVFDFRPHUFLDOHQ3WR)UDQFLVFRGH2UHOODQD
(coca)
24
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
(QOD7DEODVHDSUHFLDHOFRVWRGHO.JGHSHVFDGRGHVGHKDVWDFXDQGR
ODPRQHGDQDFLRQDOHUDHO6XFUHFX\DHTXLYDOHQFLDRVFLOyHQWUH\VXFUHVSRU
XQGyODUDPHULFDQR
(OYDORUGHOSHVFDGRHVH[FOXVLYRSDUDODVHVSHFLHVGHFXDWURJUXSRVGHSHFHVFRPHUFLDOHVORVPiVDSUHFLDGRVSRUHOFRQVXPLGRUHVHOEDJUHOHFKHURBrachyplatystoma
ÀODPHQWRVXP) y el bagre plateado (%UDFK\SODW\VWRPDURXVVHDX[LL/HVHFXQGDQHOUDyado (%UDFK\SODW\VWRPD MXUXHQVH), baboso (Brachyplatystoma platynemum), marmoteado (Leiarius marmoratus), cebra (Merodontotus tigrinus), negro (Zungaro zungaro),
guacamayo (Phractocephalus hemiliopterus 0LHQWUDV TXH XQ WHUFHU JUXSR UH~QH D
los peces de escama que tienen un menor valor con relación a los primeros grupos de
SHFHV/DVSULQFLSDOHVHVSHFLHVVRQFRUYLQDPlagioscion squamosissimus), el llorón
3RWDPRUKLQDDOWDPD]RQLFDHOERFDFKLFRProchilodus nigricans), los peces llamados
UDWRQHV/HSRULQXVIDVFLDWXV\/HSRULQXVIULGHULFLLHOZLOOLHoplaerythrinus unitaeniatus), el guachiche (Hoplias malabaricusHOViEDORBrycon melanopterus), palometa
(Mylossoma duriventris), la gamitana (Colossoma macropomum) y el paco o cachama
(Piaractus brachypomus (Q HO FXDUWR JUXSR VH HQFXHQWUD HO SH] SDLFKH R SLUDUXF~
(Arapaima gigasFRQVLGHUDGRFRPRHOSH]GHPHMRUFDOLGDG(OYDORUSRU.JVXSHUDDO
GHOSULPHUJUXSR7DEOD
/DVODERUHVGHSHVFDVRQUHDOL]DGDVWUHVRFXDWURYHFHVDODVHPDQD/DFDSWXUDGH
EDJUHVJLJDQWHV\DOJXQDVHVSHFLHVGHSHFHVGHHVFDPDVHHIHFW~DQGHVGHHOPHVGH
IHEUHURDOPHVGHMXOLR\HQODVpSRFDVGHWUDQVLFLyQGHDJRVWRDRFWXEUH(QORVPHVHV
GHYHUDQRGHQRYLHPEUHDHQHURSHVFDQORVSHFHVGHHVFDPDGHPHGLDQRWDPDxR
como peces ratones (Leporinus fridericci y Schizodon fasciatus
/DPHQWDEOHPHQWH DOJXQRV SHVFDGRUHV LQGtJHQDV \ FRORQRV UHDOL]DQ DFWLYLGDGHV GH
pesca indiscriminada y no respetan tallas medias que son aptas para la pesca y conVXPR&RQIUHFXHQFLDXVDQH[SORVLYRV\XVXDOPHQWHGLOX\HQHOEDUEDVFRHQHODJXD
Tabla 2.$QiOLVLVGHYDULDFLyQHQWUHHOSURGXFWRU393NJ\HOFRQVXPLGRU39&NJ
/DSREODFLyQDPD]yQLFDGHDFXHUGRDOFHQVRQDFLRQDOGHODxRDOFDQ]D
KDELWDQWHVTXHGLUHFWDPHQWHHLQGLUHFWDPHQWHFRQVXPHQHOUHFXUVRSHVTXHURÁXYLDO
(OHVSHMRGHDJXDTXHFRQWLHQHHOUHFXUVRSHVTXHURGHDJXDGXOFHHQOD$PD]RQLDHV
GH.PHVWDiUHDFRUUHVSRQGHDODEDMD$PD]RQLDHFXDWRULDQD(QODViUHDV
EDMDVXELFDGDVFHUFDGHODVFXHQFDVKLGURJUiÀFDVWLHQHKD.P/DSREODFLyQTXH
GHSHQGHGLDULDPHQWHGHOSHVFDGRGHUtRDOFDQ]DORVKDELWDQWHV\FRQVXPHQ
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH WRQHODGDV DO DxR (VWD FDQWLGDG FRUUHVSRQGH DO DXWRFRQsumo ya que no pueden pescar con mayor intensidad porque los distintos grupos de
LQGtJHQDVYLYHQDJUDQGHVGLVWDQFLDVHQWUHORVFDVHUtRV\GHXQDHWQLDDRWUD7DEOD
Tabla 3. La pesca anual de autoconsumo en las provincias amazónicas del Ecuador
LA PISCICULTURA
/RVSHFHVXWLOL]DGRVHQODSLVFLFXOWXUDVRQIRUiQHRVFRPRODWLODSLDOreochromis niloticus y Oreochromis mossambique/DFDUSDFRP~QCyprinus carpio(OFXOWLYRGH
SHFHVQDWLYRVVHUHDOL]DHQODVSURYLQFLDVGH1DSR0RURQD6DQWLDJR\=DPRUDDWUDYpVGHRUJDQLVPRVVHFFLRQDOHVFRPRHO&5($\35('(685DPiVGHORV&RQVHMRV
3URYLQFLDOHVFXOWLYDQGRFDFKDPDPiaractus brachypomusViEDORBrycon melanopterus(Q6XFXPELRV\3DVWD]DGRVODERUDWRULRVSULYDGRVSURGXFHQHQWUH\
DOHYLQHVDOPHV
/D SURGXFFLyQ SLVFtFROD GH OD FDUSD Cyprinus carpio) es utilizada por el mismo pisFLFXOWRU /D FDFKDPD Piaractus brachyopomum) es consumida en el mercado de la
$PD]RQLD(OViEDORBrycon melanopterus), tiene una producción que es utilizada en
HODXWRFRQVXPRGHQDWLYRV\FRORQRV
De acuerdo a la opinión de los piscicultores, la tilapia es apetecida a nivel nacional e
LQWHUQDFLRQDO /D WLODSLD Oreochromis sp VH KD FRQYHUWLGR HQ OD ~QLFD HVSHFLH TXH
KD OOHJDGR FRQ JUDQ p[LWR DO PHUFDGR LQWHUQDFLRQDO /D SURGXFFLyQ DPD]yQLFD HQ OD
DFWXDOLGDGHVHOSULQFLSDOSURYHHGRUGHÀOHWHIUHVFRDORV(VWDGRV8QLGRVGLVWULEXLGDV
GHODVLJXLHQWHPDQHUD(FXDGRU&RVWD5LFD+RQGXUDVRWURV
&iPDUD1DFLRQDOGH$FXLFXOWXUD/DSURGXFFLyQGHWLODSLDVHKDFRQYHUWLGR
HQXQDGHODVLQGXVWULDVGHPD\RUFUHFLPLHQWRHQODHFRQRPtDORFDO\HQORVPHUFDGRV
LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV (Q HO DxR GH VH H[SRUWy WRQHODGDV GH WLODSLD \ JHQHUy
PLOORQHVGHGRODUHV1HJRFLRVGLDULR(O&RPHUFLR\)LVKHULHV6WDWLFVDQG
(FRQRPLFV'LYLVLRQ
'LIHUHQWHVRUJDQLVPRVQDFLRQDOHVFRPRHO2,6(2UJDQL]DFLyQ6HFR\DGHO(FXDGRU
HQFRODERUDFLyQFRQHO,6,6,QVWLWXWRGH&LHQFLD\(VWXGLRV,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDULRVGH0DVVDFKXVVHWV86$KDQSURPRYLGRSURJUDPDVSLVFtFRODVFRQHVSHFLHVQDWLYDV\WLODStD
$GHPiVWLHQHQSUR\HFWRVGHSHFHVGHFXOWLYRÀQDQFLDGRVSRUHO&HQWUR/LDQDVGHFLHQ
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
FLD\FXOWXUD(QODHWQLD&RIiQVHHVWiQSURPRYLHQGRSURJUDPDVDFXtFRODVFRQODRULHQWDFLyQWpFQLFDGHO)LHOG0XVHRGH&KLFDJR86$HQHOTXHVHWRPDHQFXHQWDHOFXOWLYR
GHODFKDUDSDHOERFDFKLFRODWLODSLD(QHOFXUVRDOWRGHOUtR1DSRFRPXQLGDGHV
.LFKZDVSDWURFLQDGDVSRUODIXQGDFLyQ6DFKD&DXVDLHVWiQSURPRYLHQGRHOGHVDUUROOR
SLVFtFRODFRQHVSHFLHVQDWLYDV\IRUiQHDV
(OGHVDUUROORGHODSLVFLFXOWXUD\ORVSURGXFWRVDJURIRUHVWDOHVHOJUXSR6KXDUHVWiQUHFLELHQGRODD\XGDGHO&HQWUR$QGLQRGH'HVDUUROOR&$)2/,6\)XQGDFLyQ*UXSR$SR\R
ÔOWLPDPHQWHVHKDÀUPDGRXQFRQYHQLRGHQRPLQDGR3ODQ%LQDFLRQDOGH'HVDUUROORGH
OD5HJLyQ)URQWHUL]D3HU~(FXDGRUFX\RREMHWLYRHVFRQWULEXLUDPHMRUDUHOQLYHOGHYLGD
GHODVFRPXQLGDGHVXELFDGDVDOQRUHVWHGHO3HU~FRPRVRQODVHWQLDVDZDM~QDJXDUXQDV\ZDPSLVKXDPELVDV/DFRQWUDSDUWHHFXDWRULDQDHVWiFRQIRUPDGDSRUODVHWQLDV
TXHYLYHQHQODVSURYLQFLDVGH3DVWD]D0RURQD6DQWLDJR\=DPRUD&KLQFKLSH(QWUH
ORVGLIHUHQWHVWHPDVTXHDERUGDUDGHOPHQFLRQDGRDFXHUGRELQDFLRQDOFRQVWDHOGHOD
SLVFLFXOWXUD(VWRVSUR\HFWRVKDQVLGRÀQDQFLDGRVSRUOD81,&()
RECOMENDACIONES AL MANEJO SUSTENTABLE DE LA PESCA Y
LA PISCICULTURA DE LA ALTA AMAZONIA ECUATORIANA.
(VQHFHVDULRTXHHOUHGXFLGRJUXSRGHSHVFDGRUHVSURIHVLRQDOHVVHRUJDQLFHQ\VHDQ
JXLDGRVSRUWpFQLFRVQDFLRQDOHV\H[WUDQMHURVHVSHFLDOL]DGRVHQUHFXUVRVSHVTXHURV
/DDVLVWHQFLDSURIHVLRQDOPDUFKDUiHQEHQHÀFLRGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVSHVTXHUDVFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ \ FRQVHUYDFLyQ GH OD FRPXQLGDG GH SHFHV FRPHUFLDOHV /RV SHVFDGRUHV
SURIHVLRQDOHVTXHODERUDQSRUPiVGHDxRVRSLQDQTXHODVSREODFLRQHVGHSHFHV
PLJUDWRULRVKDQVXIULGRXQLPSDFWRGHELGRDODSHVFDLQGLVFULPLQDGD\VREUHSHVFD/D
LQIRUPDFLyQPHQFLRQDGDFRQFXHUGDFRQORVGDWRVREWHQLGRVSRUORVPRQLWRUHVSHVTXHURV/RVSHFHVPLJUDWRULRVKDQPHUPDGR\DTXHHQODpSRFDGHVXELHQGDHQORVUtRV
GHDJXDVFODUDVWLHQHQGLÀFXOWDGHQVXVGHVSOD]DPLHQWRV3RUORWDQWRHVSULRULWDULDOD
UHDOL]DFLyQGHHVWXGLRVLFWLROyJLFRVGHFRRSHUDFLyQWpFQLFDHQWUHORVSDtVHVTXHFRPSDUWHQ ODV PLVPDV FXHQFDV KLGURJUiÀFDV FRQ HO SURSyVLWR GH SUHFDXWHODU OD ULTXH]D
pesquera amazónica
REFERENCIAS
Álvarez, M. 2006 Informe sobre el desarrollo de la Acuicultura en el Ecuador. Escuela
6XSHULRU3ROLWpFQLFDGH*XD\DTXLO3S
Barriga R, 1986. Anotaciones sobre los Osteoglosiformes en el Ecuador.
3ROLWpFQLFD
Barriga, R. 1986. Estudio de la Ictiofauna del Nororiente y Proyecciones
en la piscicultura. PRONAREG-MAG
%DUULJD 5 /LVWD GH 3HFHV GH$JXD 'XOFH GHO (FXDGRU 3ROLWpFQLFD 9RO ;9,
7-56
%DUULJD53HFHVGHO3DUTXH1DFLRQDO<DVXQt3ROLWpFQLFD9RO;9,
&iPDUDGH$FXLFXOWXUDGHO(FXDGRU,QIRUPHGH'LYXOJDFLyQSS
&RQVHMR3URYLQFLDOGH6XFXPELRV'LDJQRVWLFR3UHOLPLQDUSLVFtFROD3S
&RQVHMR3URYLQFLDOGH3DVWD]D/tQHD%DVHGHSLVFLFXOWXUDHQODSURYLQFLDGH3DVWD]D3S
)XQGDFLyQ1DWXUD4XLWR'HVDUUROOR6RVWHQLEOH$SUR[LPDFLRQHV
&RQFHSWXDOHV4XLWR
(O&RPHUFLR(OFDPDUyQ\ODWLODSLDVRQORVSURGXFWRVHVWUHOODVGHO3DtV4XLWR
3S
*DODFDWRV.'-6WHZDUW0,EDUUD)LVK&RPPXQLW\SDWWHUQVRIODJRRQVDQG
DVVRFLDWHGWULEXWDULHVLQWKH(FXDGRULDQ$PD]RQ&RSHLD
*DODFDWRV.5%DUULJD'-6WHZDUW6HDVRQDODQGKDELWDWVLQÁXHQFHVRQÀVK
communities within the coger Yasuni river basin of the Ecuadorian Amazon. EnvironPHQWDO%LRORJ\RIÀVKHV
Gilbert,R.J y T.R. Roberts, 1970 A preliminary Survey of the freshwater
IRRGÀVKHVRI(FXDGRU3URMHFW$,'FVGLLS
,EDUUD0DQG'-6WHZDUW/RQJLWXGLQDO]RQDWLRQRIVDQG\EHDFKÀVKHVLQWKH
1DSR5LYHU%DVLQHDVWHUQ(FXDGRU&RSHLD
INEC (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos), 2001, VI Censo Población y V de
9LYLHQGD5HVXOWDGRV'HÀQLWLYRV
INEC (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos), 2001, VI Censo de Población y V
GH9LYLHQGD$QiOLVLV5HVXOWDGRV'HÀQLWLYRV
,6,63HFHVHQFXOWLYRH[SHULHQFLDV6HFR\DV5HVXPHQGHOSUR\HFWR3S
,QVWLWXWR SDUD (O (FRGHVDUUROOR 5HJLRQDO $PD]yQLFR =RQLÀFDFLyQ (FROyJLFD ²
Económica de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana
.LPHUOLQJ-&RQIHGHUDFLyQGH&RPXQDVXQLyQGH1DWLYRVGHOD$PD]RQLD(FXDWRULDQD&UXGR$PD]RQLFD$E\D<DOD4XLWR(FXDGRU
6DXO:*$QHFRORJLFDOVWXG\RIÀVKHVDWDVLWHLQXSSHU$PD]RQLDQ(FXDGRU
3URF$FDG1DW6FL3KLODGHOSKLD
6WHZDUW'-5(%DUULJD6DOD]DUDQG0,EDUUD,FWLRIDXQDGHODFXHQFDGHO
5tR1DSR(FXDGRURULHQWDOOLVWDDQRWDGDGHHVSHFLHV3ROLWpFQLFD6HU%LRO
6WHZDUW'-0,EDUUD5%DUULJD6DOD]DU&RPSDULVRQRI'HHS5LYHUDQG$GMDFHQW6DQG\%HDFK)LVK$VVHPEODJHVLQWKH1DSR5LYHU%DVLQ(DVWHUQ(FXDGRU
9DUHFH 6 3XHEORV LQGtJHQDV \ JOREDOL]DFLyQ HQ HO XPEUDO WHUFHU PLOHQLR (Q
$UWLFXODFLyQGHODGLYHUVLGDG7HUFHUD5HXQLyQGH%DUEDGRV4XLWR3S
28
Wunder, Sven, 1996, Ecoturismo, ingresos locales y conservación. El caso de CuyabeQR(FXDGRU8,&14XLWRS
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LA PESCA EN LA AMAZONÍA PERUANA,
CON ÉNFASIS EN LORETO
1,2,
Aurea García
Gladys Vargas
)DEULFH'XSRQFKHOOH1,3
1,2,
6RQLD'H]D
1,2,
Salvador Tello
1,2,
/DERUDWRULR0L[WR,QWHUQDFLRQDO²(YROXFLyQ\'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHOD,FWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD/0,(',$
3URJUDPDGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ3DUDHO8VRGHO$JXD\VXV5HFXUVRV$48$5(&,QVWLtuto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Carretera Iquitos Nauta km 4.5,
,TXLWRV3HU~(PDLODXU\JDUFLD#KRWPDLOHV
,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW,5'805,6(0,QVWLWXWGHV6FLHQFHVGHO·(YROXWLRQGH0RQWSHOOLHU8QLYHUVLWp0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFH
INTRODUCCIÓN
(Q OD$PD]RQtD SHUXDQD OD SURGXFFLyQ GH SHFHV IXH HVWLPDGD HQ WRQHODGDV
DODxR\JHQHUDLQJUHVRVDQXDOHVGHXQRVPLOORQHVGHGyODUHV%D\OH\HWDO
7HOOR\%D\OH\(OSHVFDGRHVWDPELpQODSULQFLSDOIXHQWHGHSURWHLQDDQLPDOHQ
ODGLHWDGHODSREODFLyQORFDO7HOOR7HOOR\%D\OH\/DDFWLYLGDGSHVTXHUD
HQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQDHVWDFRQFHQWUDGDHQODFDSWXUDGHSHFHVVLOYHVWUHVTXHGHSHQGHQGHVXUHSURGXFFLyQQDWXUDOHQUtRV\ODJRVH[LVWHQWHVHQODVGLIHUHQWHVUHJLRQHV
GHODDPD]RQtD(VWRVSHFHVVHFDUDFWHUL]DQSRUSUHVHQWDUHVWUDWHJLDVQRWDEOHVSDUD
DGDSWDUVHDFDPELRVHVWDFLRQDOHVHQORVGLYHUVRVDPELHQWHVTXHRFXSDQ%DUWKHP
)DEUH /D FRPSUHQVLyQ GH HVWDV DGDSWDFLRQHV HV GH IXQGDPHQWDO UHOHYDQFLD
para el entendimiento de la abundancia y de la composición de los recursos pesqueros
\FRQVHFXHQWHPHQWHSDUDODGHÀQLFLyQGHSROtWLFDVGHPDQHMRGHODSHVFD
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
/DVHVWDGtVWLFDVGHSHFHVGHFRQVXPRIXHURQSURSRUFLRQDGDVSRUOD'LUHFFLyQ5HJLRQDOGH3HVTXHUtDGH/RUHWR8FD\DOL\0DGUHGH'LRVHQWHHQFDUJDGRGHUHFRSLODUOD
LQIRUPDFLyQDWUDYpVGHVXVFROHFWRUHVHQORVGLIHUHQWHVSXHUWRVSHVTXHURV
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
'HVHPEDUTXHHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD/RVGHVHPEDUTXHVGHOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD
PXHVWUDQXQLQFUHPHQWRVLJQLÀFDWLYRGHVGHDLQFOX\HODVUHJLRQHVGH/RUHWR8FD\DOL\0DGUHGH'LRV'HDHOGHVHPEDUTXHGHOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD
VRORFRQVLGHUDODLQIRUPDFLyQGH/RUHWRGHDLQFOX\HORVGHVHPEDUTXHVGH
/RUHWR\8FD\DOLDSDUWLUGHDOLQFOX\HODVWUHVUHJLRQHV/RUHWRUHSUHVHQWDOD
PD\RUSDUWHGHORVGHVHPEDUTXHVWRWDOHVFRQHOVHJXLGDGH8FD\DOLFRQHO\
0DGUHGH'LRVFRQVRODPHQWHHO(ODQiOLVLVGHORVGHVHPEDUTXHVWRWDOHVGH/RUHWR
PXHVWUDXQLQFUHPHQWRVLJQLÀFDWLYRTXHYDUtDGH\WRQHODGDVHQWUH
DOPLHQWUDVTXHHQ8FD\DOLÁXFWXyHQWUH\WRQHODGDVHQWUHD
ÀQDOPHQWHORVGHVHPEDUTXHVGH0DGUHGH'LRVYDULyHQWUH\WRQHODGDV
GHVGHD)LJXUD
Figura 1.'HVHPEDUTXHWRWDOGHSHVFDGRHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD\SRUFHQWDMHGHORV
GHVHPEDUTXHVGHODVUHJLRQHV/RUHWR8FD\DOL\0DGUHGH'LRVGHD
&RPSRVLFLyQWUyÀFDGHORVGHVHPEDUTXHVHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD: En relación a la
FRPSRVLFLyQWUyÀFDGHODVHVSHFLHVGHVHPEDUFDGDVHVWDYDUtDGHXQDUHJLyQDRWUD
(Q0DGUHGH'LRVVHREVHUYDTXHODVFDSWXUDVHVWiQGRPLQDGDVSRUSLVFtYRURVFRQHO
\FRQVXPLGRUHVSULPDULRVFRQVLHQGRHVWDVUHODWLYDPHQWHDOWDVHQFRPSDUDFLyQDORVFRQVXPLGRUHVVHFXQGDULRVTXHUHSUHVHQWDQHOGHODVFDSWXUDVWRWDOHV
(VWDFDQWLGDGGHFUHFH\YDUtDHQ8FD\DOLGRQGHODVPD\RUHVSURSRUFLRQHVFRUUHVSRQGHQ D ORV FRQVXPLGRUHV SULPDULRV FRQ VHJXLGR GH ORV SLVFtYRURV FRQ ORV
FRQVXPLGRUHVVHFXQGDULRVUHSUHVHQWDQHOGHOWRWDOGHVHPEDUFDGR1RREVWDQWH
HQ/RUHWRORVGHVHPEDUTXHVHVWiQGRPLQDGRVSRUFRQVXPLGRUHVSULPDULRVFRQHO
de los desembarques, mientras que las proporciones de consumidores secundarios y
SLVFtYRURVVRQUHODWLYDPHQWHEDMDVUHSUHVHQWDQHO\GHODVFDSWXUDVWRWDOHV
)LJXUD
30
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
Figura 2. &RPSRVLFLyQWUyÀFDGHORVGHVHPEDUTXHVHQODDPD]RQtDSHUXDQD
'HVHPEDUTXHHQODUHJLyQ/RUHWR Los desembarques en la región Loreto esta dividiGRHQWUHVFDWHJRUtDVIUHVFRVDOSUHVR\VHFRVDODGR'XUDQWHHOSHUtRGRGHHVWXGLROD
PD\RUSDUWHGHODFDSWXUDVVHEDVDHQSHVFDGRIUHVFR\VHFRVDODGRUHSUHVHQWDQGRHQ
SURPHGLRHO\GHORVGHVHPEDUTXHVPLHQWUDVTXHHOGHVHPEDUTXHGHSHVFDGR
VDOSUHVRVRORIXH
(O GHVHPEDUTXH GH SHVFDGR IUHVFR IXH VLPLODU R OLJHUDPHQWH LQIHULRU DO SHVFDGR VHFRVDODGRKDVWDHODGTXLULHQGRLPSRUWDQFLDHOSHVFDGRIUHVFRDSDUWLUGHO
31
FXDQGRFRPLHQ]DDGRPLQDUODVFDSWXUDV$SDUWLUGHHQWRQFHVVHREVHUYDXQLQFUHPHQWRVLJQLÀFDWLYRFRQXQIXHUWHDXPHQWRHQORV~OWLPRVDxRVOOHJDQGRDGHVHPEDUFDU
WRQHODGDVHQTXHUHSUHVHQWDHOGHOWRWDOGHVHPEDUFDGRSDUDHVHDxR
6LQHPEDUJRHOGHVHPEDUTXHGHSHVFDGRVHFRVDODGRKDLGRGLVPLQX\HQGRSURJUHVLYDPHQWHGHVGHHOKDVWDDOFDQ]DUSRUFHQWDMHVPtQLPRVGXUDQWHHOGHVRORHO
1RREVWDQWHHOSHVFDGRVDOSUHVRVHPDQWLHQHUHODWLYDPHQWHHVWDEOHGXUDQWHHO
SHULRGRGHHVWXGLRFRQSURPHGLRGH)LJXUD
Figura 3. 3URSRUFLyQGHORVGHVHPEDUTXHVGHSHVFDGRIUHVFRVDOSUHVR\VHFRVDODGR
HQODUHJLyQ/RUHWRHQWUH\
&RPSRVLFLyQGHODVHVSHFLHVGHVHPEDUFDGDVHQODUHJLyQ/RUHWR(OQ~PHURGHHVSHFLHVH[SORWDGDVSRUODSHVTXHUtDFRPHUFLDOHQODUHJLyQ/RUHWRVHKDLQFUHPHQWDGR
JUDQGHPHQWHVREUHHOSHUtRGRGHHVWXGLRHQWUH\VRORFHUFDGHHVSHFLHV
KDFHQ HO GH ODV FDSWXUDV HQ UHODFLyQ D PiV GH HVSHFLHV H[SORWDGDV HQWUH
\)LJXUD
Figura 4.&DPELRV HQODFRPSRVLFLyQ GHODVHVSHFLHVGHVHPEDUFDGDV HQWUH\
HQODUHJLyQ/RUHWR
32
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
Como una tendencia general la importancia de las especies grandes y alto valor deFUHFHQVLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWHHQODVFDSWXUDVHQWUHHOODVWHQHPRVHOSDLFKHODJDPLWDQD
HO]XQJDURGRUDGR\ODGRQFHOODTXLHQHVUHSUHVHQWDQHOGHODVFDSWXUDVHQ
SURJUHVLYDPHQWHHVWDVHVSHFLHVVHYXHOYHQFDGDYH]PiVUDURVHQORVGHVHPEDUTXHV
GHELGRDTXHUHSUHVHQWDQVRORHOGHODVFDSWXUDVHQHO
REFERENCIAS
%DUWKHP5)DEUH1%LRORJLDHGLYHUVLGDGHGRVUHFXUVRVSHVTXHLURVGDDPD]RQLD(GLWDGRSRU0DXUR5XIÀQR3UR9DU]HD0DQDXV
7HOOR6$QDO\VLVRIDPXOWLVSHFLHVÀVKHU\WKHFRPPHUFLDOÀVKHU\ÁHHWRI,TXLWRV
Amazon basin, Peru. Oregon State University, 83 pp
7HOOR6%D\OH\3%/DSHVTXHUtDFRPHUFLDOGH/RUHWRFRQpQIDVLVHQHODQiOLVLV
GHODUHODFLyQHQWUHFDSWXUD\HVIXHU]RSHVTXHURGHODÁRWDFRPHUFLDOGH,TXLWRVFXHQFD
GHO$PD]RQDV3HU~)ROLD$PD]yQLFD²
33
DINÂMICA DA PESCA NO TRECHO DE COSTA MARQUES (RONDÔNIA) A HUMAITÁ (AMAZONAS) NA BACIA DO RIO MADEIRA, ENTRE ABRIL DE 2009 A MARÇO DE 2011
&DUROLQD5RGULJXHVGD&RVWD'RULD1, Maria Alice Leite Lima 20DULQD/XtVD)RQVHFD2,
6pUJLR$XJXVWRGD6LOYD0RQWHLUR2, Lívia Maciel Lopes 2, Haissa Melo de Lima 2-RVp
Meirelles Monteiro Neto 2 e Miguel Petrere Júnior 3
8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGH5RQG{QLD81,5%5.06HQWLGR5LR%UDQFR
,QVWLWXWRGH(VWXGRVH3HVTXLVDV$JURDPELHQWDLV2UJDQL]Do}HV6XVWHQWiYHLV,(3$*525XD7UDYHVVD*XDSRUpVDOD(GLItFLR5LR0DGHLUD
8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGH6mR&DUORV3URJUDPDGH'LYHUVLGDGH%LROyJLFDH&RQVHUvação
INTRODUÇÃO
$ LPSRUWkQFLD GD SHVFD QD UHJLmR GD EDFLD GR 0DGHLUD IRL GHVWDFDGD HP WUDEDOKRV
FLHQWtÀFRVTXHDYDOLDYDPDFRPSRVLomRHDSURGXomRGRSHVFDGRQRVSULQFLSDLVSRUWRV
GHGHVHPEDUTXHSHVTXHLURQRVOLPLWHVJHRJUiÀFRVGRHVWDGRGH5RQG{QLD*RXOGLQJ
6DQWRV %RVFKLR 'RULD HW DO GR$PD]RQDV QR PpGLR
0DGHLUD&DUGRVRH)UHLWDVHQDSRUomREROLYLDQDGDEDFLDQRDOWR0DGHLUD/DX]DQQHHWDO(VVHVHVWXGRVVmRHVVHQFLDLVSHUDQWHDVWUDQVIRUPDo}HVTXHYrP
VRIUHQGRRVDPELHQWHVDTXiWLFRVHPGHWHUPLQDGDVUHJL}HVGD$PD]{QLDSRLVSRGHP
LPSDFWDUQHJDWLYDPHQWHDLFWLRIDXQDHDSHVFDORFDO6DQWRVH6DQWRV$FRQVWUXomRGHXPDEDVHGHGDGRVVRFLRHFROyJLFRVSHUPLWHXPUHFRQKHFLPHQWRDQWHFLSDGR
GHSURYiYHLVLPSDFWRVGHIRUPDDWRPDUPHGLGDVPLWLJDWyULDVFRPPDLRUUREXVWH]H
HIHWLYLGDGH1HVVHVHQWLGRFRPDFRQVWUXomRGHGRLVJUDQGHVDSURYHLWDPHQWRVKLGUHOpWULFRVQRDOWRULR0DGHLUDR/DERUDWyULRGH,FWLRORJLDH3HVFDGD8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDO
GH5RQG{QLD81,5HPSDUFHLUDFRPRXWUDVLQVWLWXLo}HVGHVGHYHPWUDEDOKDQdo intensamente com o intuito de manter uma base de dados de qualidade que possa
VHUYLUFRPRXPQRYRPDUFRKLVWyULFRVREUHDUHJLmR
2 SUHVHQWH WUDEDOKR DSUHVHQWD RV UHVXOWDGRV GR PRQLWRUDPHQWR SHVTXHLUR UHDOL]DGR
GHQWURGRHVFRSRGR3URJUDPD%iVLFR$PELHQWDOGDV$+(6DQWR$QW{QLRH-LUDXRQGH
pDQDOLVDGDDSHVFDFRPHUFLDOUHDOL]DGDQDEDFLDGRULR0DGHLUDQRWUHFKRHQWUH&RVWD
0DUTXHVH+XPDLWi
MATERIAL E MÉTODOS
8PD UHGH GH HVWDWtVWLFD SHVTXHLUD IRL HVWDEHOHFLGD DR ORQJR GR ULR 0DGHLUD H VHXV
DÁXHQWHV2REMHWLYRIRLDEUDQJHUDRPi[LPRDVGLIHUHQWHVORFDOLGDGHVHFDSDFLGDGHV
GHDSRUWHSHVTXHLURLQFOXLQGRDOpPGRVJUDQGHVSyORVGHGHVHPEDUTXHVSHVTXHLURV
WDPEpP RV SHTXHQRV SRUWRV H FRPXQLGDGHV ULEHLULQKDV RQGH D DWLYLGDGH p
FRQVLGHUDYHOPHQWHLPSRUWDQWH$OpPGHVVHVORFDOLGDGHVFRPPHQRVGHSHVFDGRUHVSDUDLPSOHPHQWDomRGR5HJLVWUR)DPLOLDUGD3HVFD5)3)LJXUD$iUHDGH
HVWXGRFRQWHPSODWUrVJUDQGHViUHDVGHÀQLGDVHPIXQomRGDVFRUUHGHLUDVGRULR0DGHLUDLÉUHD0RQWDQWH$TXHLQFOXLRVPXQLFtSLRVGH&RVWD0DUTXHV*XDMDUi0LULP
34
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
HDRWUHFKRHQWUH1RYD0DPRUpH$EXQmLLÉUHDGR7UHFKRGH&RUUHGHLUDV$TXH
LQFOXLRWUHFKRHQWUH0XWXP3DUDQiHD&DFKRHLUDGR7HRW{QLRVmRDViUHDVGRVIXWXURV
UHVHUYDWyULRVGRVHPSUHHQGLPHQWRVKLGUHOpWULFRVGH-LUDXH6DQWR$QW{QLRHLLLÉUHD
-XVDQWH$DEUDQJHQGRRWUHFKRHQWUH3RUWR9HOKRiUHDXUEDQDH+XPDLWiDMXVDQWHGD~OWLPDFRUUHGHLUD6DQWR$QW{QLR$FDUDFWHUL]DomRHRPRQLWRUDPHQWRGDSHVFD
QDUHJLmRIRUDPREWLGRVGXUDQWHRSHUtRGRGHDEULOGHDPDUoRGHDWUDYpVGR
L'HVHPEDUTXHFRPHUFLDO$FROHWDGHLQIRUPDo}HVIRLUHDOL]DGDGLDULDPHQWHSRUFROHWRUHVWUHLQDGRVDWUDYpVGDDSOLFDomRGHTXHVWLRQiULRVTXDQGRRVSHVFDGRUHVFKHJDYDPFRPRSHVFDGRFDSWXUDGR$VHQWUHYLVWDVFRQWHPSODUDPDVVHJXLQWHVYDULiYHLV
SURGXomRWRWDOHHVSHFtÀFDNJFDWHJRULDVSHVTXHLUDVFDSWXUDGDVSURGXomRNJSRU
DSDUHOKR GHSHVFDTXDQWLGDGHGHGLDV GHSHVFD HQ~PHURGHSHVFDGRUHV WLSRVGH
HPEDUFDo}HVXWLOL]DGDVQDVSHVFDULDVORFDOSHUtRGRHKDELWDWGHSHVFDFXVWRVRSHUDFLRQDLVFRPDDWLYLGDGHSHVTXHLUDQDUHJLmR
2FDGDVWUDPHQWRGDVHPEDUFDo}HVIRLUHDOL]DGRGHIRUPDDSHUPLWLUDFDUDFWHUL]DomR
GDIURWDSHVTXHLUDUHJLRQDO2TXHVWLRQiULRXWLOL]DGRSDUDGHVFULomRGHFDGDXQLGDGH
FRQWLQKDRQRPHGRSURSULHWiULRHGDHPEDUFDomRHDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVItVLFDVFRPSULPHQWRFDSDFLGDGHGHFDUJDHSRWrQFLDHWLSRGRPRWRU$FDUDFWHUL]DomRGDDWLYLGDGH
SHVTXHLUDQDUHJLmRIRLFRPSOHPHQWDGDFRPLQIRUPDo}HVGRSHUÀOVRFLRHFRQ{PLFRGR
SHVFDGRUUHQGDREWLGDFRPDSHVFDHRXWUDVDWLYLGDGHVIRUPDGHWUDEDOKRHFRPHUFLDOL]DomRGRSHVFDGRHLGHQWLÀFDomRGHFRQÁLWRVGHSHVFD(VVDVLQIRUPDo}HVIRUDP
REWLGDVFRPDX[tOLRGHTXHVWLRQiULRVVHPLHVWUXWXUDGRVDSOLFDGRVDXPPHPEURGDV
IDPtOLDVGHSHVFDGRUHV
Figura 1./RFDOL]DomRGDiUHDGHHVWXGRQDEDFLDGRULR0DGHLUDHVWDGRGH5RQG{QLD
FRPLQGLFDomRGRVSRQWRVDPRVWUDLV
LL 5HJLVWUR )DPLOLDU GD 3HVFD 3HVFD GH VXEVLVWHQFLD (VVH UHJLVWUR IRL UHDOL]DGR
GLDULDPHQWHSRUXPPHPEURGHFDGDIDPtOLDTXHDQRWDYDPDVFDWHJRULDVSHVTXHLUDV
FDSWXUDGDVDSURGXomRNJGHVWLQDGDjYHQGDHDRFRQVXPR
RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO
$ DWLYLGDGH SHVTXHLUD H[HUFLGD QRV PXQLFtSLRV LQVHULGRV QR WUHFKR HQWUH &RVWD 0DUTXHV52H+XPDLWi$0jVPDUJHQVGRULR0DGHLUDSRGHVHUFDUDFWHUL]DGDFRPR
DUWHVDQDO GH SHTXHQD HVFDOD 'HVWD IRUPD R UHQGLPHQWR SHVTXHLUR p UHODWLYDPHQWH
EDL[R PDV PXOWLHVSHFtÀFR REWLGR FRP XVR GH DSDUHOKRV GH SHVFD VLPSOHV XVDGRV
LVRODGRVRXVLPXOWDQHDPHQWHHPYLDJHQVJHUDOPHQWHGHFXUWDVGLVWkQFLDV
1DV SRUo}HV DOWD H PpGLD HVWXGDGDV GR ULR 0DGHLUD RV SULQFLSDLV ORFDLV GH GHVHPEDUTXHHVWmRORFDOL]DGRVQRVFHQWURVXUEDQRVPDLVLPSRUWDQWHVFRPR3RUWR9HOKRH
*XDMDUi0LULPDPERVQRHVWDGRGH5RQG{QLDH+XPDLWiQRHVWDGRGR$PD]RQDV
$LQGDDVVLPDVSHVFDULDVUHDOL]DGDVHPWRGRHVVHWUHFKRFRQWULEXHPFRPGRWRWDO
UHJLVWUDGRQD$PD]{QLDEUDVLOHLUD%DUWKHPH*RXOGLQJ
$RORQJRGRHL[RGRULR0DGHLUDHQYROYHQGRDVWUrVJUDQGHViUHDVHVWXGDGDVDPRQWDQWH$WUHFKRGHFRUUHGHLUDV$HiUHDDMXVDQWH$IRUDPLGHQWLÀFDGDVLPSRUWDQWHVGLIHUHQoDVQDVHVWUDWpJLDVGHSHVFD(VVDVYDULDo}HVHVSDFLDLVSDUHFHPHVWDU
IRUWHPHQWHUHODFLRQDGDVjVGLVWLQWDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGRULR0DGHLUDQRTXHFRQFHUQH
SULQFLSDOPHQWHjSUHVHQoDGHYiU]HDVHFRUUHGHLUDV2WUHFKRGHFRUUHGHLUDVpPHQRU
HPH[WHQVmRTXHRVGHPDLVHDSUHVHQWDOLPLWDo}HVjQDYHJDELOLGDGHGHWHUPLQDQGRR
WLSRGHSHVFDSUDWLFDGDHHPEDUFDo}HVXWLOL]DGDVEHPFRPRDSURGXomRHHVSpFLHV
FDSWXUDGDV 3RU RXWUR ODGR R WUHFKR D MXVDQWH H D PRQWDQWH DSUHVHQWDP PDLRU H[WHQVmRÁXYLDOSDUDQDYHJDELOLGDGHHSHUPLWHRXVRGHGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHHPEDUFDo}HV
HGHPDLRUSRUWH$WHPDLQGDXPGLIHUHQFLDOQRWRFDQWHjSUR[LPLGDGHFRPRVSULQFLSDLVPHUFDGRVRTXHIDFLOLWDDFRPHUFLDOL]DomRHHVWLPXODDSURGXomR
$SHVFDQDUHJLmRPRVWURXGLIHUHQoDVHQWUHDVORFDOLGDGHVVLWXDGDVHP$$H$
TXDQWR DR Q~PHUR GH SHVFDGRUHV H HPEDUFDo}HV DWXDQWHV H FRQVHTXHQWHPHQWH
TXDQWRDRVYDORUHVGHUHQGLPHQWRHHVIRUoRSHVTXHLUR'XUDQWHRSHUtRGRGRPRQLWRUDPHQWR GR GHVHPEDUTXH SHVTXHLUR FRPHUFLDO IRUDP UHJLVWUDGRV SHVFDGRUHV
'HVWHVSHVFDGRUHVIRUDPUHJLVWUDGRVHP$HP$H
HP$2Q~PHURGHHPEDUFDo}HVHDVFDSWXUDVUHJLVWUDGDVIRUDPWDPEpPPDLRUHV
HP$VHJXLGDVSRU$H$
$IURWDSHVTXHLUDIRLFRPSRVWDSRUEDUFRVGHSHTXHQRSRUWHUHSUHVHQWDQGR
GDIURWDFDQRDVPRWRUL]DGDVGDIURWDHFDQRDVDUHPRGDIURWD
$VFDQRDVQmRPRWRUL]DGDVHDVFDQRDVPRWRUL]DGDVVmRHPEDUFDo}HVGHPDGHLUD
FRPSULPHQWRPpGLRPHVHPFDVDULDXWLOL]DGDVSDUDDSHVFDHSDUDRWUDQVSRUWH
GH SHVFDGR$V FDQRDV QmR PRWRUL]DGDV VmR PHQRUHV TXDQWR D FDSDFLGDGH GH DUPD]HQDPHQWRTXHDVFDQRDVPRWRUL]DGDVHNJUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH2VEDUFRV
SHVFDGRUHVSRUVXDYH]VmRHPEDUFDo}HVPRWRUL]DGDVFRPPDLRUHVWDPDQKRVPpGLDP“HFDSDFLGDGHGHDUPD]HQDPHQWRFDSDFLGDGHPpGLDW(VWHV
QRUPDOPHQWHOHYDPHTXLSHGHWUrVDTXDWURSHVFDGRUHVHFDQRDVDFRSODGDVHVmR
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
XWLOL]DGRVFRPREDVHORJtVWLFDGXUDQWHRVGLDVGHSHVFDULDHFRPRORFDOSDUDFRQVHUYDomRHWUDQVSRUWHGDSURGXomRDWpDFLGDGH1RVEDUFRVSHVFDGRUHVHQDVFDQRDV
PRWRUL]DGDVRJHORpDSULQFLSDOIRUPDGHFRQVHUYDomRGRSHVFDGRHQDVFDQRDVQmR
PRWRUL]DGDVQmRpFRPXPRXVRGHDOJXPPpWRGRGHFRQVHUYDomR$OpPGDVHPEDUcações registradas durante o estudo, os barcos de transporte de passageiros e carga,
FRQKHFLGRVQDUHJLmRFRPR´EDUFRVUHFUHLRµWDPEpPWUDQVSRUWDUDPFDL[DVGHLVRSRU
FRPSHVFDGRHQYLDGRSHODVFRPXQLGDGHVULEHLULQKDVDWpRVSRUWRVGHGHVHPEDUTXHV
PDLRUHVFRPR*XDMDUi0LULP3RUWR9HOKRH+XPDLWi
$RORQJRGRVGRLVDQRVGHHVWXGRIRUDPUHJLVWUDGRVGHVHPEDUTXHVHPWRGD
DiUHDDPRVWUDOHSURGXomRSHVTXHLUDGHWRQHODGDV2VHVIRUoRVHPSUHJDGRV
TXDQWR DR Q~PHUR GH SHVFDGRUHV H GH HPEDUFDo}HV QDV GLIHUHQWHV ORFDOLGDGHV RX
iUHDVDPRVWUDLVLQÁXHQFLDUDPGLUHWDPHQWHQRVUHVXOWDGRVGDFDSWXUDWRWDO$SURGXomR
IRLQXPHULFDPHQWHPDLRUQDiUHDDMXVDQWHRQGHWDPEpPIRLUHJLVWUDGRRPDLRUQ~PHURGHGHVHPEDUTXHVGLDVGHSHVFDHSHVFDGRUHV7DEHOD2VPDLRUHVYDORUHVGH
&38(NJSHVFDGRUGLDIRUDPUHJLVWUDGRVHP$IDWRTXHSRGHHVWDUUHODFLRQDGRD
PDLRUFDSWXUDGHJUDQGHVEDJUHVQD&DFKRHLUDGR7HRW{QLR
7DEHOD1~PHURGHSHVFDGRUHVUHJLVWUDGRVQRHVWXGRQƒGHGLDVGHSHVFDSURGXomR
WRWDOWQƒGHGHVHPEDUTXHV PpGLDGHFDSWXUDSRUXQLGDGH GHHVIRUoR&38(NJ
SHVFDGRUGLDQDViUHDVGHHVWXGRHQWUHDEULOGHHPDUoRGH
2VSHVFDGRUHVFRPFDQRDVPRWRUL]DGDVHQmRPRWRUL]DGDVUHDOL]DUDPYLDJHQVFXUWDV
HQWUH H GLDV HQTXDQWR RV EDUFRV GH SHVFD OHYDUDP DWp GLDV$ GLIHUHQoD QR
Q~PHURGHGLDVGHYLDJHPSRGHVHUUHODFLRQDGDHPDOJXPDVORFDOLGDGHVjGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGHWUHFKRVQDYHJiYHLVQDUHJLmRTXHSHUPLWHPSHVFDULDVGHORQJDGLVWkQFLD
6RPHQWHDVORFDOLGDGHVGH3RUWR9HOKR*XDMDUi0LULPH+XPDLWiHVWmRIRUDGRWUHFKR
GHFRUUHGHLUDVGRULR0DGHLUDHWrPDFHVVRjVJUDQGHViUHDVGHSODQtFLHVDODJiYHLV
RTXHSRVVLELOLWDRXVRGHHPEDUFDo}HVPDLRUHVEDUFRVGHSHVFDDFHVVRjViUHDV
PDLVGLVWDQWHVHFRQVHTXHQWHPHQWHH[SHGLo}HVPDLVORQJDV$OpPGLVVRDGXUDomR
GDVYLDJHQVGHSHVFDWDPEpPYDULRXFRPDHVWDomRGRDQRHIRUDPPDLVGHPRUDGDV
QDVHFDTXDQGRDXPHQWDWDPEpPDSURGXomR
$VSHVFDULDVUHDOL]DGDVHQWUH&RVWD0DUTXHVH+XPDLWiFDSWXUDUDPHPWRUQRGHHVSpFLHVRXFDWHJRULDVGHHVSpFLHV'HVWDVFLQFRFRUUHVSRQGHUDPDGDVFDSWXUDV
EDUEDFKDWD 3LQLUDPSXV SLULQDPSX SDFXFRPXP 0\ORVVRPD GXULYHQWUH FXULPDWm
3URFKLORGXVQLJULFDQVMDWXDUDQD%U\FRQDPD]RQLFXVH%PHODQRSWHUXVHGRXUDGD
%UDFK\SODW\VWRPDURXVVHDX[LL+iGLIHUHQoDVQDFRPSRVLomRGRVGHVHPEDUTXHVGH
DFRUGRFRPDiUHDDPRVWUDO)LJXUD
Figura 2.3URGXomRWGDVSULQFLSDLVHVSpFLHVFDSWXUDGDVQDViUHDVDPRQWDQWH
WUHFKRGHFRUUHGHLUDVHMXVDQWHQRSHUtRGRGHDEULOGHDPDUoRGH
$VIDPtOLDVULEHLULQKDVVmRFRPSRVWDVHPPpGLDSRUFLQFRLQGLYtGXRVRQGHSHORPHQRV
GRLVVmRSHVFDGRUHVJHUDOPHQWHRPDULGRHDHVSRVDHRXÀOKRV'HQWUHRVSHVFDGRUHVGHFODUDUDPTXHDWXDPH[FOXVLYDPHQWHQDSHVFD
$LPSRUWkQFLDGDSHVFDSDUDDVFRPXQLGDGHVULEHLULQKDVpUHVVDOWDGDQRFRQVXPRGH
SHVFDGRHVWLPDGRHPDNJFDSLWDGLDHQRVYDORUHVGHSURGXomRPpGLDGHSHVFDGRPHQVDOSRUIDPtOLDNJ“GSQ 'HVWDSURGXomRpGHVWLQDGDDR
FRQVXPRIDPLOLDUHjYHQGD
2 JDQKR FRP D FRPHUFLDOL]DomR GR SHVFDGR SRGH UHSUHVHQWDU HQWUH D GD
UHQGDIDPLOLDUQDVFRPXQLGDGHVULEHLULQKDV(VVDUHQGDJHUDOPHQWHpFRPSOHPHQWDGD
SHOD DJULFXOWXUD PDV RV WUDEDOKDGRUHV WDPEpP HYHQWXDOPHQWH SUDWLFDP D SHFXiULD
7DEHOD
$ PpGLD GD UHQGD IDPLOLDU PHQVDO GHFODUDGD REWLGD FRP D DWLYLGDGH SHVTXHLUD QDV
FRPXQLGDGHVLQVHULGDVQD$pPDLRUGRTXHQDVFRPXQLGDGHVORFDOL]DGDV$H$
3URYDYHOPHQWHHVWDGLIHUHQoDRFRUUHXHPIXQomRGDHVSHFLÀFLGDGHGDSHVFDQDiUHD
GDVFRUUHGHLUDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHQDUHJLmRGDFDFKRHLUDGR7HRW{QLRRQGHDDWLYLGDGH
pYROWDGDSDUDRVEDJUHV3LPHORGLGDHTXHSRVVXHPPDLRUYDORUFRPHUFLDO7DEHOD
7DEHOD5HQGD)DPLOLDU5GHFODUDGDFRPDDWLYLGDGHSHVTXHLUDHRXWUDVDWLYLGDGHV
SRUiUHDHQWUHDEULOHVHWHPEURGH
38
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
$ PDLRULD GRV SHVFDGRUHV DUPD]HQD VHX SHVFDGR HP JHOR H RXWURV YHQGHP IUHVFR
ORJRDSyVRVGHVHPEDUTXHV'HYLGRjGLÀFXOGDGHSDUDDGTXLULUJHORHPDOJXPDVORFDOLGDGHVRVSHVFDGRUHVVmRREULJDGRVDYHQGHUHPRSHVFDGRSHORSUHoRTXHRDWUDYHVVDGRUHVWiGLVSRQtYHODSDJDUDQWHVTXHÀTXHLQYLiYHOSDUDFRPHUFLDOL]DomR
$YHQGDGRSHVFDGRpIHLWDDRVDWUDYHVVDGRUHVORFDLVRXDRVGRQRVGHUHVWDXUDQWHV
TXHFRPSUDPRSHVFDGRORJRDSyVRVGHVHPEDUTXHV$OJXQVSHVFDGRUHVMiSRVVXHP
FRPSUDGRUHVÀ[RVTXHÀQDQFLDPVXDVGHVSHVDVGDVSHVFDULDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHRVJDVWRVFRPJHORFRPEXVWtYHOHDSDUHOKRVGHSHVFD8PDPHQRUSDUFHODGRVSHVFDGRUHV
FRPHUFLDOL]DRSHVFDGRQDSUySULDUHVLGrQFLD
1HVVH SURFHVVR GH FRPHUFLDOL]DomR WDPEpP p FRPXP DOJXQV SHVFDGRUHV HQYLDUHP
RSHVFDGRDWUDYpVGRVEDUFRVGHOLQKDSDUDDWUDYHVVDGRUHVVLWXDGRVQRÁXWXDQWH&DL
1·iJXDTXHSRVWHULRUPHQWHUHYHQGHPSDUDFRPHUFLDQWHVORFDLV
REFERÊNCIAS
%DUWKHP5%*RXOGLQJ08PHFRVVLVWHPDLQHVSHUDGRD$PD]{QLDUHYHODGD
pela pesca. Amazon Conservation Association (ACA), Sociedade Civil Mamirauá, BeOpPSS
%RVFKLR$$33URGXomRSHVTXHLUDHP3RUWR9HOKR5RQG{QLDDOJXQVDVSHFWRVHFROyJLFRVGDVHVSpFLHVFRPHUFLDOPHQWHUHOHYDQWHV$FWD$PD]RQLFD
&DUGRVR56)UHLWDV&(&'HVHPEDUTXHHHVIRUoRGHSHVFDGDIURWDSHVTXHLUDFRPHUFLDOGH0DQLFRUp0pGLR5LR0DGHLUD$PD]RQDV%UDVLO$FWD$PD]RQLFD
'RULD&5&5XIÀQR0/+LMD]L1&&UX]5/$SHVFDFRPHUFLDOQDEDFLD
GRULR0DGHLUDQRHVWDGRGH5RQG{QLD$PD]{QLDEUDVLOHLUD$FWD$PD]RQLFDQRSUHOR
*RXOGLQJ0(FRORJLDGDSHVFDGRULR0DGHLUD&134,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH3HVTXLVDVGD$PD]{QLD0DQDXVSS
Lauzanne, L. ; Loubens, G.; Guennec, B.L.E. 1990. Pesca y biología pesquera en el
0DPRUpPpGLRUHJLyQGH7ULQLGDG%ROtYLD,QWHUFLHQFLD
6DQWRV *0 &RPSRVLomR GR SHVFDGR H VLWXDomR GD SHVFD QR (VWDGR GH
5RQG{QLD$FWD$PD]RQLFD
6DQWRV*06DQWRV$&06XVWHQWDELOLGDGHGDSHVFDQD$PD]{QLD(VWXGRV
$YDQoDGRV
DÉBIL EFECTO DE LA PÉRDIDA DE HÁBITAT POR EL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO SOBRE LAS TASAS DE EXTINCIÓN DE PECES DULCEACUÍCOLAS: UN ANÁLISIS GLOBAL
Pablo A. Tedesco 1,2, Thierry Oberdorff 1,2-HDQ)UDQoRLV&RUQX2, Bernard Hugueny 1,2
/DERUDWRULR0L[WR,QWHUQDFLRQDO²(YROXFLyQ\'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHOD,FWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD/0,(',$
805,5'%LRORJLHGHV2UJDQLVPHVHWGHV(FRV\VWqPHV$TXDWLTXHV'pSDUWHPHQW0LOLHX[HW3HXSOHPHQWV$TXDWLTXHV0XVpXP1DWLRQDOG·+LVWRLUH1DWXUHOOHUXH
&XYLHU3DULVFHGH[)UDQFH
/DV WDVDV GH H[WLQFLyQ DFWXDOHV GHELGDV D DFWLYLGDGHV KXPDQDV FRQVLGHUDGDV PX\
superiores a las tasas naturales, son proyectadas en aumento substancial para los
SUy[LPRVFLHQDxRV%DUQRVN\HWDO3HUHLUDHWDO6LQHPEUDJRORVQLYHOHV
GHH[WLQFLyQDFWXDOHV\RIXWXURVVLJXHQVLHQGRXQWHPDGHEDWLGRHQODOLWHUDWXUDFLHQWtÀFD+H\ZRRGHWDO3LPP5DYHQ7KRPDVHWDO3LPPHWDO
6WRUN3HUHLUDHWDO+H+XEEHOO'HKHFKRFRQRFHUFRQTXpUDSLGH]
\ FXiQWDV HVSHFLHV QXHVWUR SODQHWD SHUGHUi HV FUXFLDO SDUD DQWLFLSDU FRQVHFXHQFLDV
ELROyJLFDVpWLFDVSUiFWLFDV\HFRQyPLFDV
/RVHFRVLVWHPDVDFXiWLFRVIRUPDQSDUWHGHORVPiVLQWHQVDPHQWHSHUWXUEDGRVSRUODV
DFWLYLGDGHVKXPDQDV'XGJHRQHWDO9RURVPDUW\HWDO\QRFDEHGXGD
TXHODVH[WLQFLRQHVUHFLHQWHPHQWHGRFXPHQWDGDVIXHURQFDXVDGDVSRUDFWLYLGDGHVKXPDQDV5LFFLDUGL5DVPXVVHQ-HQNLQV3DUDXQRGHORVRUJDQLVPRVPHMRUFRQRFLGRVORVSHFHVODSpUGLGDRGHJUDGDFLyQGHOKiELWDWODVREUHH[SORWDFLyQOD
HXWURÀ]DFLyQ\ODLQWURGXFFLyQGHHVSHFLHVVRQODVDPHQD]DVPiVLPSRUWDQWHV7RZQVHQG&URZO6DODHWDO)DJDQHWDO1LOVVRQHWDO'XGJHRQ
HWDO6WUD\HU'XGJHRQ(QORV~OWLPRVDxRVHOFDPELRFOLPiWLFRHVWi
VLHQGRYLVWRFRPRODDPHQD]DSULQFLSDOSRWHQFLDOPHQWHSXGLHQGRSURYRFDUSpUGLGDV
FUyQLFDVHQODGLVSRQLELOLGDGGHDJXDSRQLHQGRDVtHQSHOLJURDPXFKDVPiVHVSHFLHV
HQXQIXWXURFHUFDQR;HQRSRXORVHWDO;HQRSRXORV/RGJH3RUHMHPSOR
GLVWLQWRVHVFHQDULRVGHFDPELRFOLPiWLFRKDQVLGRDSOLFDGRVDFXHQFDVKLGURJUiÀFDVXVDQGRODUHODFLyQULTXH]DFXDGDO)LJXUD$SUR\HFWDQGRDVtGHDGH
HVSHFLHVGHSHFHVHQYtDVGHH[WLQFLyQSDUDHOHQDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGHODV
FXHQFDVDQDOL]DGDVGHELGRDGLVPLQXFLRQHVGHFDXGDO;HQRSRXORVHWDO
40
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
'RVPDQHUDVGHHYDOXDUHOLPSDFWRGHODSHUGLGDGHKiELWDWVREUHODULTXH]DGHHVSHFLHV$%DVDGRHQODUHODFLyQULTXH]DiUHDXQDUHGXFFLyQGHODVXSHUÀFLHLPSOLFDXQ
QXHYRHTXLOLEULRFRQXQDUHGXFFLyQGHODULTXH]DHVSHFtÀFDSHURHOWLHPSRQHFHVDULR
SDUDOOHJDUDHVHQXHYRHTXLOLEULRHVGHVFRQRFLGR%$VXPLHQGRTXHODWDVDGHH[WLQFLyQGLVPLQX\HFRQHODXPHQWRGHOiUHDRFXSDGDSRUXQDHVSHFLHXQDUHGXFFLyQGH
HVWD~OWLPDDFHOHUDODYHORFLGDGFRQODFXDOODVHVSHFLHVGHVDSDUHFHQORFXDOSHUPLWH
HVWLPDUODULTXH]DGHXQDFXHQFDDXQWLHPSRWGHWHUPLQDGR
6LQHPEDUJRHVWHWLSRGHHQIRTXHVRORSUR\HFWDODIUDFFLyQGHHVSHFLHV´HQYtDVGH
H[WLQFLyQµHQXQWLHPSRLQGHWHUPLQDGR+H\ZRRGHWDO3HUHLUDHWDOSXHVWR
TXHQRVHVDEHFXiQWRWLHPSRVHUiQHFHVDULRSDUDOOHJDUDXQQXHYRHTXLOLEULR(VGH
gran importancia para la conservación de las especies poder dar estimaciones de este
WLHPSRSXHVWRTXHSXHGHYDULDUHQWUHGpFDGDVKDVWDYDULRVPLOHQLRV6WRUNHWDO
3RUHVWDUD]yQDTXtXWLOL]DPRVXQHQIRTXHTXHQRVSHUPLWHGDUYHUGDGHUDVWDVDVGH
H[WLQFLyQFDQWLGDGGHHVSHFLHVSHUGLGDVSRUXQLGDGGHWLHPSRHQIXQFLyQDODSHUGLGD
GHVXSHUÀFLHKDELWDEOH)LJXUD%3DUDHVWHHIHFWRDTXtFRPELQDPRVXQDUHODFLyQ
HPStULFDHVWDEOHFLGDUHFLHQWHPHQWHSDUDSHFHVGHDJXDGXOFHHQWUHWDVDVGHH[WLQFLyQ
\ VXSHUÀFLH GH FXHQFD )LJXUD +XJXHQ\ 0RYHOODQ %HOOLDUG FRQ SUR\HFFLRQHVGHSHUGLGDGHVXSHUÀFLHGHFXHQFDDFWLYDKLGUROyJLFDPHQWHSHUHQQHOLJDGDV
DOFDPELRFOLPiWLFRFRQHOÀQGHHVWDEOHFHUODGLVWULEXFLyQ\ORVQLYHOHVGHH[WLQFLyQ
IXWXURV
Figura 2. 5HODFLyQ HQWUH HO iUHD GH FXHQFDV KLGURJUiÀFDV \ VXV WDVDV GH H[WLQFLyQ
QDWXUDOHV(VWDUHODFLyQVHEDVDHQGDWRVGHH[WLQFLyQDWUHVHVFDODVWHPSRUDOHV
H[WLQFLRQHVRFXUULGDVHQHO+RORFHQRKDFHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHDxRVVXEVHFXHQWHVDODIUDJPHQWDFLyQGHFXHQFDVSRUODVYDULDFLRQHVGHOQLYHOGHOPDUH[WLQFLRQHV
RFXUULGDVKDFHPiVGHXQPLOOyQGHDxRVEDVDGDVHQGDWRVIyVLOHVHLQIRUPDFLRQHV
EDVDGDVHQVHJXLPLHQWRGHSREODFLRQHVDFWXDOHVPRGLÀFDGDDSDUWLUGH+XJXHQ\HW
DO
(QEDVHDFDVLFLHQPLOFXHQFDVKLGURJUiÀFDVGLVWULEXLGDVPXQGLDOPHQWH\DPRGHORVGHFLUFXODFLyQJOREDOFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDXQRGHORVHVFHQDULRVPiVSHVLPLVWDV
GHO,3&&HVFHQDULR$3DFKDXUL5HLVLQJHUXWLOL]DPRVODUHODFLyQPRVWUDGD
HQODÀJXUDHQPRGRSUHGLFWLYRSDUDSUR\HFWDUODVWDVDVGHH[WLQFLyQSUHYLVWDVSDUD
41
ÀQGHVLJOR3DUDFXDQWLÀFDUODSpUGLGDGHKiELWDWDFXiWLFRGHODVFXHQFDVKLGURJUiÀFDVXWLOL]DPRVHOJUDGRGHDULGH]'H0DUWRQQH$URUDSRUFpOXODGH
DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHNPòHOLPLQDQGRODVXSHUÀFLHGHFXHQFDTXHSUHVHQWDQLYHOHVGH
DULGH]TXHQRSHUPLWHQODSUHVHQFLDGHXQULRSHUHQQH
Figura 3.$XPHQWRRGLVPLQXFLyQSURSRUFLRQDOHQODVWDVDVGHH[WLQFLyQIXWXUDVFRQ
UHVSHFWRDODVWDVDVFDOFXODGDVEDMRFRQGLFLRQHVFOLPiWLFDVDFWXDOHV/RVYDORUHVLQIHULRUHVDVLJQLÀFDQXQDGLVPLQXFLyQGHODWDVDGHH[WLQFLyQ\ORVYDORUHVSRUHQFLPD
GHXQDXPHQWR
1XHVWURVUHVXOWDGRVPXHVWUDQTXHORVFDPELRVHQODVXSHUÀFLHDFWLYDGHODVFXHQFDV
VHJ~Q ODV SUR\HFFLRQHV GH FDPELR FOLPiWLFR YDORUHV PHGLRV VREUH PRGHORV GH
FDPELRFOLPiWLFRDODIHFWDUDQVREUHWRGRDODVUHJLRQHVPHGLWHUUiQHDV\VHPLGHVpUWLFDV(VWRVFDPELRVSURYRFDUDQXQDXPHQWRGHODVWDVDVGHH[WLQFLyQHQVROR
GHODVFXHQFDVDQDOL]DGDVFRQDXPHQWRVLPSRUWDQWHVVXSHULRUHVDXQHQ
VRORGHODVFXHQFDV)LJXUD6HJ~QHVWRVUHVXOWDGRVODVUHJLRQHVDIHFWDGDV
VHORFDOL]DQHQODVSDUWHViULGDVGH(VWDGRV8QLGRV\0p[LFRHOVXURHVWHGH$PpULFD
GHOVXUSDUWHGHÉIULFDGHOQRUWH\(VSDxDÉIULFDGHOVXUHOQRURHVWHDVLiWLFR\GHPHGLRRULHQWH\SDUWHVGH$XVWUDOLD)LJXUD3DUDWUDGXFLUHVWDVWDVDVGHH[WLQFLyQHQ
Q~PHURVGHHVSHFLHVSHUGLGDVSRUFXHQFDXWLOL]DPRVXQDEDVHGHGDWRVJOREDOVREUH
ODGLVWULEXFLyQGHSHFHVGHDJXDGXOFHHQPiVGHPLOFXHQFDV%ODQFKHWHWDO
/HSULHXU HW DO /D FDQWLGDG GH H[WLQFLRQHV SXHGH VHU FDOFXODGD VLPSOHPHQWH
PXOWLSOLFDQGRODWDVDH[WLQFLyQEDMRODVFRQGLFLRQHVFOLPiWLFDVSUR\HFWDGDVSDUDÀQGH
VLJORSRUODULTXH]DHVSHFtÀFDGHFDGDFXHQFD(VWDVSUR\HFFLRQHVPXHVWUDQTXHSDUD
HOVRORFXHQFDVSUHVHQWDQH[WLQFLRQHVGHHVSHFLHVREWHQLHQGREDMDVWDVDVGH
H[WLQFLyQSDUDODPD\RUtDGHODVFXHQFDVHQWUH\HVSHFLHVH[WLQWDVSRUDxR
SDUDFDVLGHODVFXHQFDV
1XHVWUDVSUHGLFFLRQHVGHWDVDVGHH[WLQFLyQHVWiQPX\SRUGHEDMRGHORTXHFRP~QPHQWH VH OHH HQ OD OLWHUDWXUD FLHQWtÀFD VREUH SHFHV GH DJXD GXOFH SUHGLFFLRQHV GH
KDVWD GH HVSHFLHV H[WLQWDV SDUD HO HQ DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH GH ORV UtRV
HVWXGLDGRVSRU;HQRSRXORVHWDOXVDQGRXQDUHODFLyQULTXH]DFDXGDODVtFRPR
SDUD RWURV JUXSRV WD[RQyPLFRV HQWUH D GH HVSHFLHV VREUH XQD PXHVWUD GH
42
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
SODQWDV\DQLPDOHVHVWDUtDQHQYtDVGHH[WLQFLRQHQHOSRUHOFDPELRFOLPiWLFRVHJ~Q7KRPDVHWDO
6HJ~QQXHVWUDVSUHGLFFLRQHVTXHGDWRGDYtDXQDFKDQFHSDUDFRQWUDUUHVWDUODVSHUGLGDVDFWXDOHV\IXWXUDVGHHVSHFLHVIRFDOL]iQGRQRVVREUHDFFLRQHVGHFRQVHUYDFLyQHQ
UHODFLyQDRWUDVLPSRUWDQWHVDPHQD]DVDQWUySLFDVTXHDFWXDOPHQWHHVWiQJHQHUDQGR
H[WLQFLRQHVHQORVUtRVGHOPXQGR(QHIHFWRRWUDVJUDQGHVHLQPHGLDWDVDPHQD]DV
FRPRODGHVWUXFFLyQGHOKiELWDWODVREUHH[SORWDFLyQODHXWURÀ]DFLyQRODLQWURGXFFLyQ
GHHVSHFLHVIDFWRUHVQRWRPDGRVHQFXHQWDDTXtSRGUtDQWHQHUPXFKRPiVLPSDFWR
VREUHODELRGLYHUVLGDGDFXiWLFDTXHHOODSHUGLGDGHKiELWDWGLUHFWDSRUHOFDPELRFOLPiWLFR (VWDV DPHQD]DV \D HVWiQ WHQLHQGR XQ URO LPSRUWDQWH HQ OD GHWHULRUDFLyQ GH
ODIDXQDGHSHFHVGXOFHDFXtFRODV3RUHMHPSORSDUD$PpULFDGHOQRUWHGHGRQGHVH
WLHQHQORVGDWRVPiVDFWXDOL]DGRVVREUHHOHVWDGRGHYXOQHUDELOLGDG\ODGHVDSDULFLyQ
GHHVSHFLHV-HONVHWDOFXHQFDVKLGURJUiÀFDV\DKDQSHUGLGRXQWRWDOGH
HVSHFLHV GHELGR D SHUWXUEDFLRQHV KXPDQDV 6L FRQVLGHUDPRV TXH HVWDV H[WLQFLRQHV
FRPHQ]DURQKDFHDxRVREWHQHPRVWDVDVGHH[WLQFLyQGHHQWUH\YHFHV
PiVLPSRUWDQWHVTXHQXHVWUDVSUHGLFFLRQHV7DEOD3RUHVWDUD]yQSRGHPRVFRQFOXLU
TXHODVSULRULGDGHVHQFRQVHUYDFLyQGHHVSHFLHVGHEHUtDQFHQWUDUVHHQODUHGXFFLyQ
GHORVLPSDFWRVGHHVWRVRWURVLPSRUWDQWHV\SUHVHQWHVIDFWRUHVGHH[WLQFLyQGHSHFHV
GHDJXDGXOFH
7DEOD1XPHURGHH[WLQFLRQHVREVHUYDGDVDFWXDOPHQWHHQFXHQFDVKLGURJUiÀFDVHQ
$PpULFDGHOQRUWH\FRPSDUDFLyQGHODVWDVDVGHH[WLQFLyQUHDOHVREVHUYDGDVDFWXDOPHQWH\ODVSUR\HFWDGDVDTXt
43
REFERENCIAS
$URUD9.7KHXVHRIWKHDULGLW\LQGH[WRDVVHVVFOLPDWHFKDQJHHIIHFWRQDQQXDO
runoff. Journal of Hydrology, 265, 164-177.
%DUQRVN\$'0DW]NH17RPL\D6:RJDQ*286ZDUW]%4XHQWDO7%0DUVKDOO
&0F*XLUH-//LQGVH\(/0DJXLUH.&0HUVH\%)HUUHU($+DVWKH
(DUWK·VVL[WKPDVVH[WLQFWLRQDOUHDG\DUULYHG"1DWXUH
%ODQFKHW6*UHQRXLOOHW*%HDXFKDUG27HGHVFR3$/HSULHXU)'XUU++%XVVRQ
)2EHUGRUII7%URVVH61RQQDWLYHVSHFLHVGLVUXSWWKHZRUOGZLGHSDWWHUQVRI
IUHVKZDWHUÀVKERG\VL]HLPSOLFDWLRQVIRU%HUJPDQQ·VUXOH(FRORJ\/HWWHUV
'XGJHRQ'$UWKLQJWRQ$+*HVVQHU02.DZDEDWD=,.QRZOHU'-/HYHTXH&
1DLPDQ5-3ULHXU5LFKDUG$+6RWR'6WLDVVQ\0/-6XOOLYDQ&$)UHVKZDWHUELRGLYHUVLW\LPSRUWDQFHWKUHDWVVWDWXVDQGFRQVHUYDWLRQFKDOOHQJHV%LRORJLFDO5Hviews, 81, 163-182.
)DJDQ:)8QPDFN3-%XUJHVV&0LQFNOH\:/5DULW\IUDJPHQWDWLRQDQG
H[WLQFWLRQLQGHVHUWÀVKHV(FRORJ\
+H ) +XEEHOO 63 6SHFLHVDUHD UHODWLRQVKLSV DOZD\V RYHUHVWLPDWH H[WLQFWLRQ
rates from habitat loss. Nature, 473, 368-371.
+H\ZRRG 9+ 0DFH *0 0D\ 50 6WXDUW 61 81&(57$,17,(6 ,1 (;TINCTION RATES. Nature, 368, 105.
+XJXHQ\%0RYHOODQ$%HOOLDUG-+DELWDWIUDJPHQWDWLRQDQGH[WLQFWLRQUDWHV
ZLWKLQIUHVKZDWHUÀVKFRPPXQLWLHVDIDXQDOUHOD[DWLRQDSSURDFK*OREDO(FRORJ\DQG%LRgeography, in press.
-HONV+/:DOVK6-%XUNKHDG10&RQWUHUDV%DOGHUDV6'LD]3DUGR(+HQGULFNVRQ'$/\RQV-0DQGUDN1(0F&RUPLFN)1HOVRQ-63ODWDQLD633RUWHU
%$5HQDXG&%6FKPLWWHU6RWR--7D\ORU(%:DUUHQ0/&RQVHUYDWLRQ
6WDWXVRI,PSHULOHG1RUWK$PHULFDQ)UHVKZDWHUDQG'LDGURPRXV)LVKHV)LVKHULHV
407.
Jenkins, M. (2003) Prospects for biodiversity. Science, 302, 1175-1177.
/HSULHXU)7HGHVFR3$+XJXHQ\%%HDXFKDUG2'UU++%URVVH62EHUGRUII
7 3DUWLWLRQLQJ JOREDO SDWWHUQV RI IUHVKZDWHU ÀVK EHWD GLYHUVLW\ UHYHDOV FRQWUDVWLQJ
signatures of past climate changes. Ecology Letters, in press.
'H0DUWRQQH(8QHQRXYHOOHIRQFWLRQFOLPDWRORJLTXH/·LQGLFHG·DULGLWp/D0HWHRrologie, 449-458.
1LOVVRQ&5HLG\&$'\QHVLXV05HYHQJD&)UDJPHQWDWLRQDQGÁRZUHJXODWLRQRIWKHZRUOG·VODUJHULYHUV\VWHPV6FLHQFH
3DFKDXUL5.5HLVLQJHU$&OLPDWH&KDQJH6\QWKHVLV5HSRUW&RQWULEXWLRQ
44
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
RI:RUNLQJ*URXSV,,,DQG,,,WRWKH)RXUWK$VVHVVPHQW5HSRUWRIWKH,QWHUJRYHUQPHQWDO
Panel on Climate Change.
3HUHLUD +0 /HDGOH\ 3: 3URHQFD 9$ONHPDGH 5 6FKDUOHPDQQ -3: )HUQDQGH]0DQMDUUHV-)$UDXMR0%%DOYDQHUD3%LJJV5&KHXQJ::/&KLQL/&RRSHU+'*LOPDQ(/*XHQHWWH6+XUWW*&+XQWLQJWRQ+30DFH*02EHUGRUII
75HYHQJD&5RGULJXHV36FKROHV5-6XPDLOD85:DOSROH06FHQDrios for Global Biodiversity in the 21st Century. Science, 330, 1496-1501.
3LPP6/5DYHQ3%LRGLYHUVLW\([WLQFWLRQE\QXPEHUV1DWXUH
3LPP65DYHQ33HWHUVRQ$6HNHUFLRJOX&+(KUOLFK35+XPDQLPSDFWV
RQWKHUDWHVRIUHFHQWSUHVHQWDQGIXWXUHELUGH[WLQFWLRQV3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH1DWLRQDO$FDdemy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103, 10941-10946.
5LFFLDUGL$5DVPXVVHQ-%([WLQFWLRQUDWHVRI1RUWK$PHULFDQIUHVKZDWHUIDXQD
Conservation Biology, 13, 1220-1222.
6DOD 2( 6WXDUW &KDSLQ ,,, )$UPHVWR -- %HUORZ ( %ORRPÀHOG - 'LU]R 5 +XEHU6DQZDOG ( +XHQQHNH /) -DFNVRQ 5% .LQ]LJ$ /HHPDQV 5 /RGJH '0
0RRQH\+$2HVWHUKHOG03RII1/6\NHV07:DONHU%+:DONHU0:DOO'+
(2000) Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, 287, 1770-1774.
6WRUN1(5HDVVHVVLQJFXUUHQWH[WLQFWLRQUDWHV%LRGLYHUVLW\DQG&RQVHUYDWLRQ
357-371.
6WRUN1(&RGGLQJWRQ-$&ROZHOO5.&KD]GRQ5/'LFN&:3HUHV&$6ORDQ
6:LOOLV.9XOQHUDELOLW\DQG5HVLOLHQFHRI7URSLFDO)RUHVW6SHFLHVWR/DQG8VH
Change. Conservation Biology, 23, 1438-1447.
6WUD\HU'/'XGJHRQ')UHVKZDWHUELRGLYHUVLW\FRQVHUYDWLRQUHFHQWSURJUHVV
and future challenges. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 29, 344-358.
7KRPDV&'&DPHURQ$*UHHQ5(%DNNHQHV0%HDXPRQW/-&ROOLQJKDP<&
(UDVPXV%)1)HUUHLUDGH6LTXHLUD0*UDLQJHU$+DQQDK/+XJKHV/+XQWOH\
%YDQ-DDUVYHOG$60LGJOH\*)0LOHV/2UWHJXD+XHUWD0$7RZQVHQG3HWHUVRQ
$3KLOOLSV2/:LOOLDPV6(([WLQFWLRQULVNIURPFOLPDWHFKDQJH1DWXUH
145-148.
7RZQVHQG &5 &URZO7$ )UDJPHQWHG SRSXODWLRQVWUXFWXUH LQ D QDWLYH 1HZ
=HDODQGÀVKDQHIIHFWRILQWURGXFHGEURZQWURXW2LNRV
9RURVPDUW\ &- 0F,QW\UH 3% *HVVQHU 02 'XGJHRQ ' 3UXVHYLFK$ *UHHQ 3
*OLGGHQ6%XQQ6(6XOOLYDQ&$/LHUPDQQ&5'DYLHV30*OREDOWKUHDWV
to human water security and river biodiversity. Nature, 467, 555-561.
;HQRSRXORV0$/RGJH'0*RLQJZLWKWKHÁRZ8VLQJVSHFLHVGLVFKDUJHUHODWLRQVKLSVWRIRUHFDVWORVVHVLQÀVKELRGLYHUVLW\(FRORJ\
;HQRSRXORV0$/RGJH'0$OFDPR-0DUNHU06FKXO]H.9DQ9XXUHQ'3
6FHQDULRVRIIUHVKZDWHUÀVKH[WLQFWLRQVIURPFOLPDWHFKDQJHDQGZDWHUZLWKGUDZDO
Global Change Biology, 11, 1557-1564
SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LA PESQUERÍA ORNAMENTAL EN LA REGIÓN LORETO (AMAZONÍA PERUANA) AÑOS 2000 Y 2010
Aurea García 1,2, Gladys Vargas 1,2, Homero Sánchez 1,2, Salvador Tello 1,2,
5RVD,VPLxR1,2)DEULFH'XSRQFKHOOH1,3
/DERUDWRULR0L[WR,QWHUQDFLRQDO²(YROXFLyQ\'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHOD,FWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD/0,(',$
3URJUDPDGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ3DUDHO8VRGHO$JXD\VXV5HFXUVRV$48$5(&,QVWLtuto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Carretera Iquitos Nauta km 4.5,
,TXLWRV3HU~(PDLODXU\JDUFLD#KRWPDLOHV
,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW,5'805,6(0,QVWLWXWGHV6FLHQFHVGHO·(YROXWLRQGH0RQWSHOOLHU8QLYHUVLWp0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFH
INTRODUCCIÓN
La cuenca amazónica es uno de los lugares de importancia para la captura de peces
RUQDPHQWDOHVFRQGHOYDORUGHH[SRUWDFLyQGHFODUDGRHQSDUD$PHULFDGHO
VXUGHVSXpVGH%UDVLO\&RORPELD2OLYHU(QORV~OWLPRVDxRVHQ
ODUHJLyQGH/RUHWR3HU~HODSURYHFKDPLHQWR\HOFRPHUFLRGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVVH
KDFRQYHUWLGRHQXQDDFWLYLGDGLPSRUWDQWHSDUDODHFRQRPtDGHELGRDTXHSURSRUFLRQDHPSOHRHLQJUHVRVDXQJUDQVHFWRUGHODSREODFLyQHVWLPiQGRVHHQPiVGHWUHV
PLOORQHVRFKRFLHQWRVPLOGyODUHVDPHULFDQRVDODxR$OFiQWDUDHWDO$XQTXHHQ
ODUHJLyQHVWDDFWLYLGDGVHYLHQHGHVDUUROODQGRKDFHGpFDGDVDXQQRVHFRQRFHFRQ
H[DFWLWXGHOQ~PHURGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVTXHVHFDSWXUD\FRPHUFLDOL]D'HDOOtHO
PRWLYRGHHVWHWUDEDMRTXHSHUPLWLUiFRQRFHUODGLQiPLFDGHHVWDLPSRUWDQWHSHVTXHUtD
DGHPiVGHJHQHUDULQIRUPDFLyQ~WLOTXHVLUYDSDUDODFRQVHUYDFLyQGHHVWHLPSRUWDQWH
UHFXUVRDWUDYpVGHXQRUGHQDPLHQWRDGHFXDGRHQODUHJLyQ
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
(OFRPHUFLRGHORVSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQDVHFHQWUDHQODFLXGDG
GH,TXLWRVFDSLWDOGHOGHSDUWDPHQWRGH/RUHWR\SULQFLSDODEDVWHFHGRUDGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVGHOPHUFDGRQDFLRQDOHLQWHUQDFLRQDO/DVHVWDGtVWLFDVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVGHODOIXHURQSURSRUFLRQDGDVSRU352'8&(/RUHWRHQWHHQFDUJDGR
GHUHFRSLODUODLQIRUPDFLyQDWUDYpVGHOFHUWLÀFDGRGHSURFHGHQFLDTXHSURSRUFLRQDQ
ORVSHVFDGRUHV\FDVDVDFXDULVWDV&RQODÀQDOLGDGGHRUJDQL]DU\DQDOL]DUODLQIRUPDFLyQVHHODERUyXQDEDVHGHGDWRVHQ0LFURVRIW([FHO(QSULPHUWpUPLQRVHRUGHQR
\FODVLÀFRWD[RQRPLFDPHQWHODOLVWDGHSHFHVHQ2UGHQIDPLOLD\HVSHFLHLQFOX\HHO
QRPEUHFLHQWtÀFR\YXOJDUWUDEDMRTXHIXHUHDOL]DGRFRQMXQWDPHQWHFRQXQHVSHFLDOLVWD
HQVLVWHPiWLFDGHSHFHVXWLOL]DQGRDGHPiVFRPRJXtDFODYHVWD[RQyPLFDVGH2UWHJD
\9DUL\OLVWDGHSHFHVGH2UQDPHQWDO$PD]RQ)LVK$TXDULXP6$&
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
9ROXPHQGHFDSWXUDGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHV La captura anual de peces ornamentales
HQODUHJLyQ/RUHWRÁXFW~DGH·D·XQLGDGHVH[WUDtGDVHQORVDxRV
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
D )LJXUD 6H REVHUYD XQD WHQGHQFLD LUUHJXODU GH OD H[WUDFFLyQ FRQ XQ
GHVFHQVRDWUDYpVGHORVDxRV\ [5 S/DV
PD\RUHVFDSWXUDVVHUHJLVWUDHQORVSULPHURVFLQFRDxRVGHHVWDGpFDGDFRQSURPHGLR
GH · HMHPSODUHV FDSWXUDGRV ODV PtQLPDV FDSWXUDV RFXUUHQ HQ ORV ~OWLPRV
DxRVFRQ·HMHPSODUHVTXHUHSUHVHQWDHOGHORH[WUDtGRHQORVSULPHURV
FLQFRDxRV
Figura 1.9ROXPHQGHFDSWXUDXQLGDGHVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVHQODUHJLyQ/RUHWR
desde 2000 al 2010
/XJDUHVGHSURFHGHQFLDGHORVSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVFDSWXUDGRV Los peces que susWHQWDQODSHVTXHUtDRUQDPHQWDOVRQFDSWXUDGRVHQGLIHUHQWHVFXHQFDVGHOD$PD]RQtD
SHUXDQD\VXVWULEXWDULRV'XUDQWHHOSHUtRGRGHHVWXGLRHO8FD\DOLHVODFXHQFDPiV
LPSRUWDQWH FRQ GH ODV FDSWXUDV VHJXLGR GH 1DQD\ FRQ 1DSR FRQ $PD]RQDVH,WD\DFRQ3XWXPD\R\RWURVUtRVHTXLYDOHQDO/DLPSRUWDQFLD
GHODVFXHQFDVYDULDHQHOWLHPSRHQODGpFDGDGHORVHO1DSRIXHODFXHQFDPiV
LPSRUWDQWHFRQDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHHOGHODH[WUDFFLyQGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVVHJXLGRGHO0DUDxRQFRQ$PD]RQDV\8FD\DOLFRQFDGDXQR(QODGpFDGD
GHOHO1DQD\VHFRQVWLWX\yHQODFXHQFDPiVLPSRUWDQWH\HQPHQRULPSRUWDQFLDDO
1DSR0DQLWt7DSLFKH$PD]RQDV\8FD\DOL6DQ5RPiQHWDO&(53(5
FLWDGRHQ5XL]HWDO8QHVWXGLRUHDOL]DGRHQHO~OWLPRDxRGHODGpFDGDGHORV
PHQFLRQDTXHORVYRO~PHQHVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVFRPHUFLDOL]DGRVSURYLHQHQ
GHODVFXHQFDV8FD\DOL1DQD\\RWUDV5Xt]HWDO
(VSHFLHVFDSWXUDGDV(QODFDSWXUD\FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQGHORVSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVIUHFXHQWHPHQWH VH HPSOHD GLYHUVRV QRPEUHV FRPHUFLDOHV SDUD LGHQWLÀFDU XQD HVSHFLH
6REUHHOSHUtRGRGHHVWXGLRVHLGHQWLÀFRTXHORVSHFHVFDSWXUDGRVHVWXYLHURQGLVWULEXLGRVWD[RQRPLFDPHQWHHQyUGHQHVIDPLOLDVJpQHURV\HVSHFLHVVLQFRQVLGHUDUDTXHOODVLQFOXLGDVFRPRYDULHGDG'XUDQWHHVHWLHPSRHORUGHQ6LOXULIRUPHVHV
ODPiVUHSUHVHQWDWLYDFRQHOGHODVFDSWXUDV/RV&KDUDFLIRUPHVVRQHOVHJXQGR
RUGHQPiVLPSRUWDQWHFRUUHVSRQGLHQGRVXFDSWXUDDOVHJXLGRGHORV2VWHRJORVVLIRUPHVTXHUHSUHVHQWDHOGHODVFDSWXUDV/RVRUGHQHV3HUFLIRUPHV7HWUDRGRQWLIRUPHV0\OLREDWLIRUPHV*\PQRWLIRUPHV&\SULQRGRQWLIRUPHV%HORQLIRUPHV/HSLGR
VLUHQLIRUPHV3OHXURQHFWLIRUPHV%DWUDFKRLGLWLIRUPHV6\QEUDQFKLIRUPHVFRUUHVSRQGHQ
VRORDOGHOWRWDOGHODVFDSWXUDVVREUHHOSHUtRGRGHHVWXGLR
([SRUWDFLyQ LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH SHFHV RUQDPHQWDOHV /D H[SRUWDFLyQ HQ Q~PHUR GH SHFHV RUQDPHQWDOHV GXUDQWH HO DO PXHVWUD XQD GLVPLQXFLyQ D WUDYpV GH ORV
DxRVFRQWUDULRDOYDORUGHH[SRUWDFLyQTXHVHLQFUHPHQWDVLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWHGXUDQWH
HVH SHUtRGR )LJXUD /DV PD\RUHV H[SRUWDFLRQHV RFXUUHQ HQ HO \ FRQ
C\CXQLGDGHVGHSHFHVTXHJHQHUDURQ·86\·
86UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH$SDUWLUGHOVHREVHUYDXQGHVFHQVRHQHOQ~PHURGHSHFHV
H[SRUWDGRVFRQXQOLJHURLQFUHPHQWRHQHOSDUDFRQWLQXDUODWHQGHQFLDQHJDWLYD
KDVWDDOFDQ]DUODPHQRUH[SRUWDFLyQHQHOFRQCGHXQLGDGHVGHSHFHV
SHURFRQXQDXPHQWRHQUHODFLyQDGLYLVDVJHQHUDGDVGH86·HQHVHDxR(O
Q~PHURGHSHFHVH[SRUWDGRVHQORVGRV~OWLPRVDxRVDXPHQWDOLJHUDPHQWHJHQHUDQGR
ODVPD\RUHVGLYLVDVGXUDQWHHVRVDxRVSUREDEOHPHQWHSRUHOHQYLyGHODVHVSHFLHVGH
PD\RUYDORU)LJXUD
Figura 2.([SRUWDFLyQDQXDOGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVHQXQLGDGHV\YDORU
3ULQFLSDOHVHVSHFLHVH[SRUWDGDV/RVSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVHFRQyPLFDPHQWHH[SRUWDGRVGXUDQWHHOSHUtRGRVHSUHVHQWDQHQOD7DEOD2VWHRglossum bicirrhosum arahuana, es la especie que mas altos ingresos generó durante
HOSHUtRGRGHHVWXGLRUHSUHVHQWDHOGHOYDORUWRWDOGHODVH[SRUWDFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV3RWDPRWU\JRQPRWRURUD\DPRWRURHVODVHJXQGDHVSHFLHHQLPSRUWDQFLDFRQ
HOVHJXLGDGHOtocinclusVSFRQHO\Potamotrygon falkneri raya tigre que
DOFDQ]DQHO3DQDTXHVSFDUDFKDPDSDSD$FDQWKLFXVK\VWUL[FDUDFKDPDDOELQR
Brachyplatystoma tigrinus tigrinus, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus torre, representan
XQSRUFHQWDMHPD\RUDO/DVHVSHFLHVGH&RU\GRUDVVS$PDULOOR\REULOODQWH3HFNROWLDVSVRORUHSUHVHQWDQHO\GHOYDORUWRWDOGHLQJUHVRVJHQHUDGRVSRUODV
H[SRUWDFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV
48
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
3ULQFLSDOHVPHUFDGRVGHH[SRUWDFLyQGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHV(OFRPHUFLRH[WHULRUGH
ORVSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVVHLQLFLDHQODGpFDGDGHORVFRQODH[SRUWDFLyQDORVSDtVHV
GH((88SRVWHULRUPHQWHHQODGpFDGDGHORV\VHDSHUWXUDQQXHYRVPHUFDGRV
HQSDtVHV(XURSHR\$VLiWLFRFRPR$OHPDQLD6XHFLD+RODQGD-DSyQ\&KLQD5RMD
6RUHJXL\0RQWUHXLO
7DEOD3ULQFLSDOHVHVSHFLHVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVGHDFXHUGRDOYDORUGHODVH[SRUWDFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVGXUDQWHHOSHUtRGR
'XUDQWHHOSHUtRGR&KLQDHVHOSULQFLSDOPHUFDGRGHLPSRUWDFLyQHQWpUPLQR
GHYDORUFRQHO\HOWHUFHURHQUHODFLyQDXQLGDGHVFRQGHOWRWDOGHODVLPSRUWDFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV)LJXUD(VWDGRV8QLGRVHOVHJXQGRSDtVHQLPSRUWDQFLDGH
YDORUFRQ\HOSULPHURDQLYHOGHXQLGDGHVFRQGHODVLPSRUWDFLRQHV-DSyQ
RFXSDHOWHUFHUOXJDUHQUHODFLyQDYDORU\HOVHJXQGRDQLYHOGHXQLGDGHVFRQHO
HQDPERVFDVRV$QLYHOGHYDORU$OHPDQLDUHSUHVHQWDHO7DLZDQ6LQJDSXUH
,QJODWHUUDHOFDGDXQRRWURVSDtVHVHTXLYDOHQDO)LJXUD(QHO+RQJ
.RQJRFXSDHOSULPHUOXJDUFRPRXQRGHORVGHVWLQRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVH[SRUWDGRVGHVGH,TXLWRV3HU~FRQHOGHOYDORUWRWDOGHODVH[SRUWDFLRQHVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVVHJXLGRGHORVÉQJHOHVFRQHO0LDPLFRQ)UDQNIXUW
FRQ7DLSHLFRQ7RN\RFRQ2VDND6LQJDSXU1HZ-HUVH\
\RWURVUHSUHVHQWDQHO0RUHDX\2OLYHU
)LJXUD'HVWLQRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVGHDFXHUGRDOYDORU\XQLGDdes de peces importados
REFERENCIAS
$OFiQWDUD)&KR)&KDYp]&7HOOR60DQXDOGHPDQHMRGHSHFHVGHDFXDrio. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana. Centro de Investigación y
3URPRFLyQ3RSXODU&(1',3
0RUHDX0&RPHV2$TXDULXPÀVKH[SORLWDWLRQLQZHVWHUQ$PD]RQLD&RQVHUvation issues in Peru. Environmental Conservation.
2OLYLHU.7KHRUQDPHQWDOÀVKPDUNHW)$2*OREHÀVK5HVHDUFK3URJUDPPH9RO
8QLWHG1DWLRQV)RRGDQG$JULFXOWXUH2UJDQL]DWLRQ5RPH,WDO\
2UWHJD+9DUL5$QQRWDWHGFKHFNOLVWRIWKHIUHVKZDWHUÀVKHVRI3HU~6PLWKVRniam contributions to zoology.
5RMDV-(VWDEOHFLPLHQWRGH&RRSHUDWLYDVHQSHFHV2UQDPHQWDOHVHQ,TXLWRV
Tesis para optar Título Profesional de Biólogo. UNAP, Iquitos.
5Xt]$5HiWHJXL&5HQJLIR0'HO$JXLOD5,QÁXHQFLDGHO,FKWK\RSWKWKLULXV
PXOWLÀOLV\RWURVPLFURRUJDQLVPRVSDUiVLWRVHQODPRUWDQGDGGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVGH
FDVDVH[SRUWDGRUDV,TXLWRV81$3,QIRUPH)LQDO,TXLWRV3HU~
Ruíz, A.; Souza, J.; Vela, U. 2003. Análisis Situacional de la Pesquería Ornamental en
,TXLWRV\iUHDVGH,QÁXHQFLD%DVHVSDUDXQDSURSXHVWDGHPDQHMR7HVLVSDUDRSWDUHO
*UDGR$FDGpPLFRGH0DJtVWHUHQ&LHQFLDV,TXLWRV²3HU~
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
6RUHJXL-0RQWUHXLO9/DSHVTXHUtDGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVHQOD$PD]RQtD
Peruana, descripción y análisis. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana,
Programa de Ecosistemas Acuáticos, Iquitos, Perú
PESQUERÍAS CONTINENTALES DE COLOMBIA: CUENCAS DEL
MAGDALENA-CAUCA, SINÚ, CANALETE, ATRATO, ORINOCO,
AMAZONAS Y VERTIENTE DEL PACÍFICO.
Carlos A. Lasso A1)UDQFLVFRGH3DXOD*XWLpUUH]2, Mónica Morales-Betancourt1, Edwin
Agudelo Córdoba3, Hernando Ramírez4 \5RVD($MLDFR5
,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQGH5HFXUVRVELROyJLFRV$OH[DQGHU9RQ+XPEROGW,$9+FODVVR#KXPEROGWRUJFR8QLYHUVLGDG-RUJH7DGHR/R]DQR,QVWLWXWR$PD]yQLFRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV &LHQWtÀFDV ² 6LQFKL 8QLYHUVLGDG GH /RV /ODQRV ² 8QLOODQRV &RUSRUDFLyQ
Colombia Internacional – CCI
(O ,QVWLWXWR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ GH ORV 5HFXUVRV %LROyJLFRV$OH[DQGHU YRQ +XPEROGW FRQ
HO DSR\R GHO 0LQLVWHULR GHO $PELHQWH 9LYLHQGD \ 'HVDUUROOR 7HUULWRULDO KR\ 0LQLVWHULR
GH$PELHQWH \ 'HVDUUROOR 6RVWHQLEOH HQ FRODERUDFLyQ FRQ RWUDV RUJDQL]DFLRQHV OOHYy
D FDER GXUDQWH HO OD LQLFLDWLYD 3HVTXHUtDV &RQWLQHQWDOHV GH &RORPELD FXHQFDV
GHO0DJGDOHQD&DXFD6LQ~&DQDOHWH$WUDWR2ULQRFR$PD]RQDV\YHUWLHQWH3DFtÀFR
3XEOLFDFLyQFRQODTXHFRQWLQ~DODVHULHHGLWRULDO´5HFXUVRV+LGURELROyJLFRV\3HVTXHURV
&RQWLQHQWDOHVGH&RORPELDµ(VSDFLRGHOLEUHGLVFXVLyQTXHSHUPLWLUiGLIXQGLUWRGRORUHODWLYRDQXHVWURVHFRVLVWHPDVDFXiWLFRVFRQWLQHQWDOHV\VXELRGLYHUVLGDGDVRFLDGDFRQ
XQHQIRTXHHFRVLVWpPLFR\FUtWLFRTXHDSRUWHQRVyORDOFRQRFLPLHQWRFLHQWtÀFRWpFQLFR
VLQRDODWRPDGHGHFLVLRQHV
(OGRFXPHQWRVHFRQFHQWUDIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHHQHOGLDJQyVWLFRGHODVSHVTXHUtDVGH
ODVJUDQGHVFXHQFDVGH&RORPELDGLVWULEXLGDVDVt0DJGDOHQD&DXFD6LQ~&DQDOHWH
$WUDWRYHUWLHQWHGHO3DFtÀFR2ULQRTXLD\$PD]RQLD7DPELpQFRQVLGHUDODVSULQFLSDOHV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV \ ORV LPSDFWRV DPELHQWDOHV TXH WLHQHQ OXJDU HQ FDGD XQD GH HOODV /D
LQIRUPDFLyQSHVTXHUDLQFOX\HODVHVSHFLHVDODIHFKDGHVFULWDVODVTXHSRVHHQXQDOWR
YDORUHFRQyPLFRRODVTXHVRQREMHWRGHDSURYHFKDPLHQWRSDUDODSHVFDGHVXEVLVWHQFLD
ODVDUWHV\PpWRGRVSHVTXHURVXWLOL]DGRVODSREODFLyQGHSHVFDGRUHVHOKLVWRULDOVREUHHO
DSURYHFKDPLHQWRSHVTXHUR\ÀQDOPHQWHODVUXWDV\IRUPDVGHFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ
6HLQFOX\HQDGLFLRQDOPHQWHWUHVFDVRVGHHVWXGLRTXHWLHQHQUHODFLyQFRQWHPDVFODYHV
HQ&RORPELDSRUVXVDSRUWHVDODVSHVTXHUtDV\DODVHJXULGDGDOLPHQWDULD(QSULPHU
OXJDUVHFRQVLGHUDQORVUHFXUVRVSHVTXHURVHQORVHPEDOVHVFRORPELDQRVHQVHJXQGR
OXJDUODVSHVTXHUtDVGHODVHVSHFLHVLQWURGXFLGDV\WUDVSODQWDGDVHQDJXDVFRQWLQHQWDOHVFRQpQIDVLVHQODVWLODSLDV2UHRFKURPLVQLORWLFXV2UHRFKURPLVPRVVDPELFXV\
2UHRFKURPLV VSS \ ODV FDFKDPDV &RORVVRPD PDFURSRPXP \ 3LDUDFWXV EUDFK\SRmum), que en muchos casos han pasado a sustituir a las poblaciones nativas o se han
FRQYHUWLGRHQODVROXFLyQHFRQyPLFDDQWHHOGHVFHQVRGHHVWDV3RU~OWLPRVHGHVFULEH
SRUSULPHUDYH]ODSHVTXHUtDGHMXYHQLOHVGHJyELGRV3HUFLIRUPHV*RELLGDHSHFHV
GLiGURPRVHQUtRVFRVWHURVGHODYHUWLHQWH3DFtÀFDGH&RORPELD
5HVSHFWRDODFXHQFD0DJGDOHQD&DXFDTXHHVHOFHQWURHFRQyPLFRGHGHVDUUROORGH
&RORPELDHLQYROXFUDFHUFDGHOGHODSREODFLyQVHGHWDOODQVXVSUREOHPDVDPELHQWDOHVKLVWyULFRVQRUHVXHOWRVTXHDIHFWDQ\KDFHQLQFRPSDWLEOHODUHODFLyQPHGLR
DPELHQWHUHFXUVRVKLGURELROyJLFRV\SHVTXHURV(QVHHVWDEOHFLySDUDODFXHQFDHOSRWHQFLDOSHVTXHURHQWUH\WDxRUHSUHVHQWDGRSRUHVSHFLHV
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
FRPHUFLDOHVGHXQWRWDOGHFRQRFLGDVSDUDODUHGKLGURJUiÀFD/DGLVPLQXFLyQGH
OD SURGXFFLyQ GHVHPEDUFDGD \ UHJLVWUDGD HQWUH \ IXH GHO RUGHQ GHO FRPRVHDSUHFLDHQOD)LJXUDVLHQGRUHFRQRFLGDVHVSHFLHVFRQDOJ~QJUDGRGH
DPHQD]D(QODGpFDGDGHORVVHWHQWDODFXHQFDDSRUWDEDHQWUHHO\HOGHOD
SHVFDFRQWLQHQWDO\UHVSHFWRDWRGDODSHVFDQDFLRQDOUHJLVWUDGDKDSDVDGRGHO
DOHQ$VtVHSXHGHGHFLUTXHORVUHFXUVRVSHVTXHURVHVWiQHQIUDQFD
FULVLV\VHSXHGHQFRQVLGHUDUDOJXQRVGHHOORVHQYtDVH[WLQFLyQGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWD
SHVTXHUR
Figura 1.3DUWLFLSDFLyQHQSRUFHQWDMHGHODFXHQFDGHO0DJGDOHQDHQODSURGXFFLyQ
SHVTXHUD QDFLRQDO 3HULRGR )XHQWH ,QIRUPDFLyQ HVWDGtVWLFD SHVTXHUD
,1'(5(1$,13$,1&2'(5²0$'5&&,
/DFXHQFDGHO6LQ~SRVHHHFRVLVWHPDVIUDJPHQWDGRVSRUORVGHVDUUROORVXUEDQRVDJUtcolas, industriales, mientras que la del Canalete muestra buenas condiciones y pocos
LPSDFWRVDQWUySLFRV(QHO6LQ~DSRUWyWDxRPLHQWUDVTXHHOUtR&DQDOHWH
QXQFDKDKHFKRDSRUWHVVLJQLÀFDWLYRVDODVSHVTXHUtDVQDFLRQDOHV+DVWDFXDQGRVH
KL]R VHJXLPLHQWR D OD SHVTXHUtD GHO 6LQ~ GHVHPEDUFDED HQ SURPHGLR
WDxRVLHQGRHOSHVFDGHVXEVLVWHQFLD\HOSHVFDFRPHUFLDOSDUDHO
ODVFLIUDVRÀFLDOHVUHJLVWUDURQWDxR7RGDVODVSREODFLRQHVtFWLFDVGHO6LQ~
HVWiQVREUHDSURYHFKDGDVGHELGRDSUiFWLFDVFRPRHOXVRLQGLVFULPLQDGRHLOHJDOGH
DUWHV\DSDUHMRVGHSHVFD\FDSWXUDVSRUGHEDMRGHODVWDOODVPtQLPDVOHJDOHV
/DFXHQFDGHOUtR$WUDWRQRHVDMHQDDORVLPSDFWRVDPELHQWDOHV\DIHQyPHQRVQDWXUDOHV\HVWiDIHFWDGDSULQFLSDOPHQWHHQODSDUWHDOWDSRUODH[SORWDFLyQGHRURSODWD\SODWLQR(OYHUWLPLHQWRGHGHVHFKRVPXQLFLSDOHVHVFRP~QHQWRGDODFXHQFDDOLJXDOTXH
ODVHGLPHQWDFLyQODGHVHFDFLyQGHFLpQDJDV\ODGHIRUHVWDFLyQ/DSURGXFFLyQSHVTXHUDHVGHFDUiFWHUPDUFDGDPHQWHHVWDFLRQDOVLHQGRPiVSURGXFWLYDHQORVSULPHURVPH
VHVGHODxR\GXUDQWHODVPLJUDFLRQHVGHDOJXQDVHVSHFLHV(QODFXHQFDPHGLD
UHJLVWUyXQDSURGXFFLyQGHFDVLWDxR(QFLpQDJDVKDODSURGXFFLyQHV
GHWDxRNJKDDxRFRQRULJHQHQODVPLJUDFLRQHVGHOEDMR$WUDWR/DV
HVSHFLHVDSURYHFKDGDVVRQVLHQGRGLH]ODVFRPHUFLDOPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHV'HHVWDV
VRQ H[FOXVLYDPHQWH GXOFHDFXtFRODV \ PDULQRHVWXDULQDV$O LJXDO TXH HQ RWUDV
FXHQFDVFRQWLQHQWDOHVODVDSUR[LPDFLRQHVDOHVWDGRGHORVUHFXUVRVSHVTXHURVGHQRWD
TXHODVSREODFLRQHVSDUHFHQKDEHUOOHJDGRDVXUHQGLPLHQWRPi[LPRVRVWHQLEOH
/DYHUWLHQWH3DFtÀFDWLHQHXQDVXSHUÀFLHGHNPIRUPDGDSRUPiVGHUtRV
FRUWRV\FDXGDORVRVGHELGRDODVSUHFLSLWDFLRQHVPPDxR/DViUHDVFRVWHUDV\
FRQWLQHQWDOHVSUHVHQWDQDOWRJUDGRGHFRQWDPLQDFLyQ+D\XQDVHVSHFLHVGHLQWHUpV
SHVTXHURGHDJXDGXOFH\GHRULJHQPDULQRTXHUHPRQWDQORVFDXFHVGHORVUtRV
RGHVDUUROODQJUDQSDUWHGHVXFLFORGHYLGDHQDJXDGXOFH(QWpUPLQRVGHSURGXFFLyQ
QR KD\ UHJLVWURV GLVSRQLEOHV GH FDSWXUD \ OD LQIRUPDFLyQ TXH SXHGD H[LVWLU HVWi WDQ
GLVSHUVDFRPRODVFRPXQLGDGHVPLVPDV(VSRUHVWRTXHVHKDFHQHFHVDULRGHVDUUROODUPHFDQLVPRVGHUHFRSLODFLyQGHLQIRUPDFLyQGHODSHVFDGHVXEVLVWHQFLDSDUDDVt
HYDOXDUHOHVWDGRSREODFLRQDOGHODVGLIHUHQWHVHVSHFLHV\IDFLOLWDUHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGH
PHFDQLVPRVGHFRQWURO\SURWHFFLyQ
(QOD$PD]RQLDVHXWLOL]DQDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHHVSHFLHVSDUDHOFRQVXPRORFDOPLHQtras que en la pesca comercial menos de 30 especies son las responsables por la
GLQiPLFD VRFLRHFRQyPLFD TXH LQFRUSRUD ]RQDV SHVTXHUDV FRORPELDQDV \ GH SDtVHV
YHFLQRVVXVWHQWDGDHQEDJUHVSLPHOyGLGRV\DOJXQRVFDUHFLGRV)LJXUD%XHQDSDUWH GH ORV SHFHV XWLOL]DGRV VRQ UHFXUVRV FRPSDUWLGRV FRQ RWURV SDtVHV SRU OR TXH VH
JHQHUDQFRQÁLFWRVSRUVXXVRPDQHMR\UHJXODFLyQ3RUWDQWRHVQHFHVDULRSRVLELOLWDUOD
HVWDQGDUL]DFLyQGHDOJXQDVQRUPDVSHVTXHUDVHQWUHSDtVHVTXHSHUPLWDQXQSURYHFKR
\PDQHMRUD]RQDEOHGHORVUHFXUVRV3URFHVRTXHWDPELpQUHTXLHUHSURPRYHUDOPHQRV
RWUDVHVWUDWHJLDVFRPRDXQD]RQDWULQDFLRQDOHQWUH&RORPELD3HU~\%UDVLOSDUDHO
PDQHMR\DSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHSLPHOyGLGRVPLJUDWRULRVFDUiFLGRV\RVWHRJOyVLGRVE
DFXHUGRVFRPXQLWDULRVORFDOHVGHSHVFDSDUDPDQHMRGHSHFHVGHVXEVLVWHQFLD\RWUDV
HVSHFLHVFRPHUFLDOHVDSOLFDGRVHQORVHMHVORQJLWXGLQDOHVGHORVUtRVGHRULJHQDQGLQR
TXHFUX]DQOD$PD]RQLD
Figura 2.5HSUHVHQWDFLyQSRUFHQWXDOGHORVSULQFLSDOHVRUGHQHVGHSHFHVUHJLVWUDGRV
HQOD$PD]RQLDFRORPELDQD7RPDGRGH$JXGHORHWDOLOXVWUDFLRQHVWRPDGDVGH
%ULWVNLHWDO
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
3DUDOD2ULQRTXLDVHSUHVHQWDLQIRUPDFLyQVREUHODSHVTXHUtDGHHVSHFLHVGHFRQVXPR
GLVFULPLQDQGRORVSULQFLSDOHVFXHUSRVGHDJXDGRQGHVHOOHYDQDFDERODVIDHQDVGH
SHVFD\VXVFRQGLFLRQHVItVLFRTXtPLFDV(QOD]RQDDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHSHUVRQDV
HMHUFHQODDFWLYLGDGSHVTXHUDFRQHVWLPDFLRQHVGHFDSWXUDSRUXQLGDGGHHVIXHU]RTXH
YDUtDQHQWUHORVGLIHUHQWHVUtRVFRQFLIUDVHQWUHNJ8(3GtD\NJ8(3GtD(Q
HOSHUtRGRGHDORVUHJLVWURVLQGLFDQTXHORVGHVHPEDUFRVDQXDOHVYDULDURQ
HQWUHWDxR\WDxR)LJXUD6HFRPHUFLDOL]DQHVSHFLHV6HGHVWDFDQ
las amenazas a la biodiversidad, debido a las actividades antrópicas en la región, conVLGHUDQGRODSpUGLGDGHODFREHUWXUDERVFRVDUHHPSOD]DGDSRUFXOWLYRVSDUDODDPSOLDFLyQGHODIURQWHUDDJUtFRODFRPRODGHPD\RULPSDFWRQHJDWLYRVREUHODVSREODFLRQHV
GHSHFHVEDMRDSURYHFKDPLHQWR
)LJXUD6HULHKLVWyULFDGHGHVHPEDUFRVGHSURGXFWRSHVTXHURGHFRQVXPRHQOD2ULQRTXLDFRORPELDQD3HULRGR)XHQWH%ROHWtQ(VWDGtVWLFR,13$
,QFRGHU&&, 0$'5&&,
En cuanto a los casos de estudio y respecto a los embalses en Colombia, que almaceQDQXQSRFRPiVGH0P\JHQHUDQFHUFDGH0:HQVXPD\RUtDVHKDQFRQVWUXLGRVREUHORVFDXFHVGHUtRVGHODFXHQFD0DJGDOHQD&DXFD\HQWUHORV\ORV
PVQP$OEHUJDQHVSHFLHVGHSHFHVGHHVWDVQXHYHH[yWLFDV\WUHVWUDVSODQWDGDV
TXHDIHFWDQODVFRPXQLGDGHVGHODVHVSHFLHVQDWLYDVDORTXHWDPELpQVHVXPDQOD
DOWLWXG\ODHGDGGHOHPEDOVHFRPRIDFWRUHVUHJXODGRUHV(OUHQGLPLHQWRSHVTXHURGH
ORVHPEDOVHVFRORPELDQRVHVWiHQHOUDQJRGHODVFDSWXUDVUHSRUWDGDVHQ6XUDPpULFD
SDUDHFRVLVWHPDVVLPLODUHV(QJHQHUDOODDFWLYLGDGSHVTXHUDGHVDUUROODGDHVSHVFD
GHVXEVLVWHQFLD\ODSURGXFFLyQHVWiDVRFLDGDDORVFDPELRVGHQLYHOGHODVDJXDVTXH
VHYXHOYHQFDUDFWHUtVWLFRVGHORVHPEDOVHV/DVHVSHFLHVFDSWXUDGDVVRQGHSHTXHxR
SRUWH\EDMRYDORUHFRQyPLFR
5HVSHFWRDORVDSRUWHVTXHKDFHQODVHVSHFLHVLQWURGXFLGDV\WUDVSODQWDGDVHQDJXDV
continentales, se muestra un panorama del estado actual de los procesos de introduc-
FLyQGHODVHVSHFLHVGHODVIDPLOLDV&HQWUDUFKLGDHORELQDV&LFKOLGDHWLODSLDV&\SULQLGDHFDUSDV2VSKURQHPLGDHJRXUDPLV3DQJDVLLGDHEDJUHVSDQJDVLRV\6DOPRQLGDHWUXFKDVVDOPRQHV\GHODVHVSHFLHVWUDQVSODQWDGDVGHODVIDPLOLDV$UDSDLPLGDH
SLUDUXFXV 3URFKLORGRQWLGDH ERFDFKLFRV &KDUDFLGDH \DP~V &LFKOLGDH PRMDUUDV
DPDULOODVWXFXQDUpVSDYRQHV\6HUUDVDOPLGDHFDFKDPDVSDFXV$VtPLVPRDWUDYpVGHODLQIRUPDFLyQH[LVWHQWHVHSXGRFRPSUREDUTXHWDQWRODVWLODSLDVSODWHDGD\
URMDFRPRODVFDFKDPDVEODQFD\QHJUD\DKDFHQSDUWHGHODVSHVTXHUtDVHQDJXDV
QDWXUDOHVHQHFRVLVWHPDVHQORVTXHQXQFDKDEtDQHVWDGR
(O~OWLPRFDVRGHHVWXGLRTXHKDFHUHIHUHQFLDDODVSHVTXHUtDVGHORVJyELGRVHQHO
3DFtÀFRFRORPELDQRPXHVWUDFRPRODVSRVWODUYDVGHOJpQHUR6LF\GLXPVRSRUWDQXQD
H[SORWDFLyQSHVTXHUDLPSRUWDQWHDOVHUFRQVLGHUDGDVIXHQWHGHDOLPHQWRVLHQGRHVWD
DFWLYLGDG YDULDEOH VHJ~Q OD UHJLyQ GRQGH VH GHVDUUROOD (V XQD DFWLYLGDG PX\ SRFR
documentada en Colombia a pesar de la importancia e intensidad con que se realiza
HQDOJXQDVUHJLRQHV(QHOQRUWHODSHVFDVHUHDOL]DHQODVGHVHPERFDGXUDVGHORV
SULQFLSDOHVUtRVFRVWHURVSH9DOOH-XUDGy\-XUXELUiFRQFHQWUiQGRVHODFDSWXUDHQ
ORVMXYHQLOHVGH6LF\GLXP+DFLDHOVXUODVFDSWXUDVVHUHDOL]DQQRVRORHQODVSDUWHV
EDMDVVLQRWDPELpQHQOXJDUHVDOHMDGRVGHODVGHVHPERFDGXUDVFRPRHQ6DQ,VLGUR
HQHOUtR&DOLPD6DQ$QWRQLRHQ<XUXPDQJXt\6DQ,VLGURHQ&DMDPEUHGRQGHFRPXQLGDGHV LQGtJHQDV \ DIURGHVFHQGLHQWHV DSURYHFKDQ ODV PLJUDFLRQHV GH ORV JyELGRV
MXQWRDODVGHFDPDURQHVGHOJpQHUR0DFUREUDFKLXP$FWXDOPHQWHQRVHFXHQWDFRQ
UHJLVWURVGHORVUtRVGRQGHVHUHDOL]DODDFWLYLGDGQ~PHURGHSHUVRQDVGHGLFDGDVD
ODH[WUDFFLyQYRO~PHQHVDSUR[LPDGRVHVIXHU]RVGHFDSWXUDDVtFRPRODYDULDELOLGDG
HQHOWLHPSR,QIRUPDFLyQTXHHVGHWHUPLQDQWHSDUDHVWDEOHFHUODVRVWHQLELOLGDGGHOD
actividad y el establecimiento de medidas orientadas al ordenamiento pesquero en las
GLIHUHQWHVFXHQFDV
REFERENCIAS
$JXGHOR ( 6iQFKH] &/ 5RGUtJXH] &$ %RQLOOD&DVWLOOR &$ * $ *yPH]
/RVUHFXUVRVSHVTXHURVHQODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDFRORPELDQD3S(Q
/DVVR&$)GH3DXOD*XWLpUUH]0$0RUDOHV%HWDQFRXUW($JXGHOR+5DPtUH]
\5($MLDFR(GV,,'LDJQyVWLFRGHODVSHVTXHUtDVFRQWLQHQWDOHVGH&RORPELD
cuencas del Magdalena-Cauca, Sinú, Canalete, Atrato, Orinoco, Amazonas y vertiente
GHO3DFtÀFR,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQGHORV5HFXUVRV%LROyJLFRV$OH[DQGHUYRQ+XPEROGW,$Y+%RJRWi'&&RORPELD
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
ESTRUTURA DE TAMANHOS DE ASSEMBLEIAS DE PESCA NO SOLIMÕES – AMAZONAS COMO INDICADOR DO ESTADO DE EXPLORAÇÃO
1LGLD1RHPL)DEUp1, Victoria J. Isaac 2 e Vandick S. Batista 1
,QVWLWXWRGH&V%LROyJLFDV8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGH$ODJRDV0DFHLy%UDVLO
&HQWURGH&V%LROyJLFDV8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGR3DUi%HOpP3$%UDVLO
INTRODUÇÃO
1D$PD]{QLDFHQWUDORVHVWXGRVVREUHDSHVFDLQLFLDUDPQDGpFDGDGHFRPRV
WUDEDOKRV GH 3HWUHUH -U H D SDUWLU GD GpFDGD GH KRXYH XP DSURIXQGDPHQWR GR
FRQKHFLPHQWRFLHQWLÀFRQHVWDUHJLmRHVHDOFDQoRXXPDDEUDQJrQFLDJHRJUiÀFDPDLRU
FRPDLQFRUSRUDomRGRVHVWXGRVHPRQLWRUDPHQWRGRVUHFXUVRVSHVTXHLURVGDUHJLmR
GH6DQWDUpP%DL[R$PD]RQDV$SHVDUGDH[WHQVDSURGXomRFLHQWtÀFDVREUHDSHVFD QD$PD]{QLD EUDVLOHLUD SRXFRV WUDEDOKRV WrP DYDOLDGR R LPSDFWR GHVWD WUDGLFLRQDODWLYLGDGHH[WUDWLYDVREUHDHVWUXWXUDGDVFRPXQLGDGHVRXVREUHRVHFRVVLVWHPDV
5HFHQWHPHQWH$QJHOLQLHWDOXWLOL]DQGRPRGHODJHPHFRVVLVWrPLFDGDYiU]HD
DPD]{QLFDFRQFOXtUDPTXHRLPSDFWRGRGHVPDWDPHQWRVREUHDHVWDELOLGDGHGRHFRVVLVWHPDpEHPPDLRUTXHRGDSHVFDLQFOXVLYHVREUHDVHVSpFLHVTXHQmRGHSHQGHP
GLUHWDPHQWHGDÁRUHVWDFRPRpRFDVRGRVEDJUHVPLJUDGRUHVGDIDPtOLD3LPHORGLGDH
2WDPDQKRPpGLRGRFRUSRGRVLQGLYtGXRVGHXPDFRPXQLGDGHRXSRSXODomRUHSUHVHQWDXPGHVFULWRUGHDOWHUDo}HVQRVSDGU}HVGHELRPDVVDRXDEXQGDQFLDQXPpULFD
5\GHU HW DO %RXGUHDX 'LFNLH *LVODVRQ 5LFH *LVODVRQ /DVVHQ*LVODVRQ5LFHFRQFOXtUDPTXHDUHSUHVHQWDomRGRQ~PHUR
DJUHJDGRGHSHL[HVGHYiULDVHVSpFLHVGDFRPXQLGDGHSRUFODVVHGHWDPDQKRSRGH
UHÁHWLUDSUHVVmRSHVTXHLUDQRHFRVVLVWHPDRXQDiUHDHPTXHVWmR(VWHVDXWRUHVGHPRVWUDUDPSDUDSHVFDULDVGR0DUGR1RUWHTXHH[LVWHXPDFODUDLQÁXrQFLDGRHVIRUoR
GHSHVFDQRWDPDQKRHQRHVSHFWURGHGLYHUVLGDGHGHFRPXQLGDGHVGHSHL[H
&RPDLPSODQWDomRGHXPVLVWHPDGHPRQLWRUDPHQWRGDSHVFDHPODUJDHVFDODDEUDQJHQGRRHL[R6ROLP}HV²$PD]RQDVSHOR3UR9DU]HD,%$0$HQWUHDVH
FULRXDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHDYDOLDURLPSDFWRGDSHVFDQD$PD]{QLDSDUDRFRQMXQWRGH
HVSpFLHVPDLVLQWHQVDPHQWHH[SORWDGDVHTXHFRPS}HPDVVHPEOHLDVGHSHVFDTXH
RFXSDPGHIRUPDGLIHUHQFLDGDDPELHQWHVÁXYLDLVHÁ~YLRODFXVWUHVGRHFRVVLVWHPDGH
YiU]HD1DFDOKDGRULRHHPWRGRRHL[R6ROLP}HV²$PD]RQDVSUHGRPLQDDSHVFDGRV
6LOXULIRUPHV%UDFK\SODWK\VWRPDURVHDX[LL%YDOLODQWLLH3VHXGRSODWK\VWRPDWLJULQXP
H3IDVFLDWXV%DUWKHP*ROXOGLQJ)DEUp%DUWKHP$SHVFDGRV&KDUDFLIRUPHVFRQFHQWUDGDSULQFLSDOPHQWHQD$PD]{QLDFHQWUDOH[SORUD3URFKLORGXVQLJULFDQVFXULPDWi6HPDSURFKLORGXVWDHQLXUXVMDUDTXLGHHVFDPDÀQDH6LQVLJQLV
MDUDTXLGHHVFDPDJURVVD&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXPWDPEDTXLH6LOXULIRUPHVGHSHTXHQRSRUWHFRPRRVPDSDUiV+\SRSKWKDOPXVVSS(VWHXOWLPRFRQMXQWRGHHVSpFLHV
SRGHVHUSHVFDGRWDQWRHPDPELHQWHVÁXYLDLVFRPRODFXVWUHV1RODQHWDO%DUOHWWDHWDO3DUWLPRVGRSUHVVXSRVWRTXHDDQDOLVHFRPSDUDWLYDGDGHFOLYLGDGHH
GRLQWHUFHSWRGDUHJUHVVmROLQHDUHQWUHRORJDULWPRQDWXUDOGDDEXQGDQFLDGDVHVSpFLHV
HRFRPSULPHQWRVL]HHVSHFWUDSHUPLWHDYDOLDUDUHVSRVWDGLIHUHQFLDGDGDSUHVVmRGH
SHVFD6HQGRDVVLPRREMHWLYRGRSUHVHQWHWUDEDOKRIRLFRPSDUDUHVSDFLDOPHQWHGRLV
JUXSRVGHHVSpFLHVTXHXVDPGHIRUPDGLIHUHQFLDGDDPELHQWHVÁXYLDLVHODFXVWUHVDR
ORQJRGRVHXFLFORGHYLGDHTXHVmRH[SORUDGRVWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHQD$PD]{QLD
MATERIAL E MÉTODOS
)RUDP XWLOL]DGRV GDGRV VREUH R Q~PHUR GH LQGLYtGXRV SRU HVSpFLHV H FRPSULPHQWR
IXUFDOFROHWDGRVHQWUHHQRVSULQFLSDLVSRQWRVGHGHVHPEDUTXHGHPXQLFtSLRVPRQLWRUDGRVSHOR3URMHWR3UR9iU]HD,%$0$DRORQJRGRVLVWHPD6ROLP}HV
$PD]RQDV2VGDGRVIRUDPDJUXSDGRVHPWUrVPDFURUUHJL}HV%DL[R$PD]RQDV%DL[R
6ROLP}HVH$OWR6ROLP}HV)LJXUD
Figura 1.0DSDLQGLFDQGRDVWUrVPDFURUUHJL}HVHVWXGDGDVQRHL[R6ROLP}HV$PD]RQDV%DL[R$PD]RQDV%DL[R6ROLP}HVH$OWR6ROLP}HV
$GHFOLYLGDGH´EµHRLQWHUFHSWR´DµGDUHODomROLQHDUHQWUHDEXQGDQFLDGHLQGLYtGXRV
SRUFODVVHGHFRPSULPHQWRDPEDVORJDULWPL]DGDVIRUDPXWLOL]DGRVFRPRLQGLFDGRUHV
GDHVWUXWXUDGHWDPDQKRVGDVDVVHPEOHLV2VSDUkPHWURVIRUDPFDOFXODGRVSRUPDFURUUHJLmRHSRUJUXSRGHHVSpFLHV)OXYLDLVHÁ~YLRODFXVWUHV
RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO
$UHODomRHQWUHQ~PHURGHLQGLYtGXRVHPIXQomRGRWDPDQKRHYLGHQFLDGLIHUHQoDVHQWUHRVJUXSRVGHHVSpFLHVSHVFDGRVQDFDOKDGRULR$PD]RQDVHQRVODJRVHWULEXWiULRV
GD EDFLD (P SULPHLUR OXJDU DPEDV DV DVVHPEOHLDV HVWXGDGDV VmR FDSWXUDGDV FRP
HVWUDWpJLDVGHSHVFDGLIHUHQWHVHDVHVWUDWpJLDVWDPEpPYDULDPHQWUHPDFURUUHJL}HV
(PUHODomRjSHVFDÁXYLDOGHJUDQGHVEDJUHVDRORQJRGRHL[R6ROLP}HV$PD]RQDV
DFDSWXUDpUHDOL]DGDFRPUHGHVGHHPDOKDURSHUDGDVjGHULYD%DUWKHP*RXOGLQJ
)DEUp$ORQVR1RFDVRGRVFDUDFtGHRVKiGLIHUHQoDVHQWUHPDFURUUHJL}HVSRUH[HPSORQREDL[R$PD]RQDVKiSUHGRPtQLRGDSHVFDFRPUHGHVGHPDOKD
HQWDQWR TXH QR %DL[R 6ROLP}HV D SHVFD GDV HVSpFLHV ULR ODFXVWUHV p UHDOL]DGD FRP
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
UHGHGHFHUFRRXODQoRUHGLQKD,VDDFHWDOH&RPH[FHomRGDDVVHPEOHLDGHSHVFDGHDPELHQWHVULRODFXVWUHGR$OWR6ROLP}HVWRGRVRVFDVRVDQDOLVDGRV
DMXVWDPVHDRPRGHORHVSHUDGRGHGLPLQXLomRSURJUHVVLYDGRQXPHURGHLQGLYtGXRVj
PHGLGDTXHDXPHQWDRWDPDQKRGRVLQGLYtGXRVQDVFDSWXUDV)LJXUD
Figura 2.1~PHURGHLQGLYtGXRVOQSRUFODVVHGHFRPSULPHQWRIXUFDOFPGRVLQGLYtGXRV GDV SULQFLSDLV HVSpFLHV DPRVWUDGDV QDV SHVFDULDV GH DPELHQWHV GH ULR H ULR
ODFXVWUHSRUPDFURUUHJL}HVGR6ROLP}HV$PD]RQDVHQWUHH
$IDOWDGHDMXVWHQR$OWR6ROLP}HVPRWLYRSHORTXDOHVWDUHJLmRIRLUHWLUDGDGDDQiOLVHSRGHVHUH[SOLFDGDSHODDXVrQFLDGRVMDUDTXLVQDVFDSWXUDVJUXSRUHSUHVHQWDRV
PHQRUHVLQGLYtGXRVQDVDVVHPEOHLVGHSHVFDHVWXGDGDV2VFLQFRPRGHORVOLQHDUHV
DMXVWDGRVDSUHVHQWDUDPFRHÀFLHQWHVGHFRUUHODomRHOHYDGRVHWRGDVDVGHFOLYLGDGHV
IRUDPVLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWHGLIHUHQWHVGH]HUR2VSDUkPHWURVGRVL]HHVSHFWUDSRUPDFURUUHJLmRHDPELHQWHDSUHVHQWDPRVYDORUHVPDLVDOWRVSDUDDVDVVHPEOHLDVGDSHVFDGH
EDJUHVUHDOL]DGDQRULRQDVUHJL}HVGR$OWR6ROLP}HVH%DL[R$PD]RQDV(QWUHWDQWR
DUHVSRVWDGDVSHVFDULDVGHJUDQGHVEDJUHVGREDL[R6ROLP}HVIRLUHSUHVHQWDGDSHORV
PHQRUHV YDORUHV 1R FDVR GRV SHL[HV GH HVFDPD FDUDFtGHRV REVHUYDPVH YDORUHV
LQWHUPHGLiULRVHVHPHOKDQWHVQRVSRQWRVFRUUHVSRQGHQWHVjVSHVFDULDVULRODFXVWUHV
GR%DL[R$PD]RQDVHGR%DL[R6ROLP}HV)LJXUD
*LVODVRQ 5LFH VXJHUHP TXH QR PRGHOR GH HVSHFWURV GH WDPDQKRV D GHFOLYLGDGHGDUHWDDXPHQWDFRQIRUPHDPRUWDOLGDGHSRUSHVFDGHWDOIRUPDTXHKiXPD
HVWUHLWD UHODomR HQWUH HVWH SDUkPHWUR H D LQWHQVLGDGH GH SHVFD 2 HVWXGR VREUH RV
JUDQGHVEDJUHVUHDOL]DGRSHOR3UR9iU]HDHQWUHHLQGLFRXDH[LVWrQFLDGH
GLIHUHQoDVQRHVIRUoRGHSHVFDHPSUHJDGRDRORQJRGRVLVWHPD6ROLP}HV$PD]RQDV
)RLFRQWDELOL]DGRXPPDLRUQ~PHURGHSHVFDGRUHVGHEDJUHVQDUHJLmRGH6DQWDUpP
QR%DL[R$PD]RQDVSHVFDGRUHVVHJXLGRGR$OWR6ROLP}HVSHVFDGRUHV
VHQGR TXH R PHQRU HVIRUoR FRUUHVSRQGHX DR %DL[R 6ROLP}HV FRP SHVFDGRUHV
'HVWDIRUPDREVHUYDVHXPDUHODomRGLUHWDHQWUHYDORUGDGHFOLYLGDGHGRHVSHFWURGH
WDPDQKRGDSHVFDGHULRHRQXPHURSHVFDGRUHVGHEDJUHV&RQVLGHUDQGRRQXPHUR
GH SHVFDGRUHV FRPR XPD PHGLGD GR HVIRUoR GH SHVFD H DLQGD GHVWDFDQGR TXH D
HVWUDWpJLD GH SHVFD GHVWHV JUDQGHV EDJUHV pD PHVPD DR ORQJR GD FDOKD 6ROLP}HV
²$PD]RQDVSRGHVHFRQVLGHUDUTXHRHVSHFWURGHWDPDQKRFRUUHVSRQGHQWHDRVUHFXUVRVSHVTXHLURVÁXYLDLVPRQLWRUDGRVUHÁHWHDLQWHQVLGDGHGHSHVFDFRPRHVSHUDGR
VHJXQGRDEDVHFRQFHLWXDOSURSRVWDSRU*LVODVRQ5LFH3RURXWURODGRHVSHUDVHXPDUHODomRLQYHUVDHQWUHDVWD[DVGHPXGDQoDVQDGHFOLYLGDGHGRVHVSHFWURVGH
WDPDQKRVGHUHFXUVRVH[SORWDGRVSHODSHVFDHDYHORFLGDGHGHFUHVFLPHQWRLQGLYLGXDO
GDVHVSpFLHVSUHVHQWHVQDFRPXQLGDGH*LVODVRQ/DVVHQ
Figura 3.$QiOLVHFRPSDUDWLYDGDUHODomRHQWUHRVSDUkPHWURVDLQWHUFHSWRHEGHFOLYLGDGHGRPRGHORGHHVSHFWURVGHWDPDQKRVGHHVSpFLHVÁXYLDLVHÁ~YLRODFXVWUHV
DRORQJRGRVLVWHPD6ROLP}HV$PD]RQDV
No presente estudo, as assembleias de pesca representam dois estratos de tamanhos
H VH FRUUHVSRQGHP FRP D FODVVLÀFDomR GH %DUWKHP )DEUp (VWHV DXWRUHV
UHDOL]DUDPXPDDYDOLDomRFRPSDUDWLYDGDWD[DGHFUHVFLPHQWRWDPDQKRGHSULPHLUD
PDWXULGDGH VH[XDO H PRUWDOLGDGH QDWXUDO HP IXQomR GR WDPDQKR PpGLR Pi[LPR HVSHUDGRGDVSULQFLSDLVHVSpFLHVGHSHL[HVH[SORWDGDVSHODSHVFDQD$PD]{QLD1HVWH VHQWLGR IRUDP GHÀQLGRV GRLV JUXSRV SDUD HVSpFLHV DPD]{QLFDV (VSpFLHV FRP
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
WDPDQKR Pi[LPR HVSHUDGR DWp FP FRP DOWDV WD[DV GH FUHVFLPHQWR PRUWDOLGDGH
DFLPDGHDQRHLGDGHPi[LPDHQWUHHDQRV6mRH[HPSORGHVWHJUXSRRV
MDUDTXLVFXULPDWiPDWULQ[mPDSDUiHSLUDFDWLQJD(VSpFLHVFRPWDPDQKRPi[LPR
HVSHUDGRHQWUHHFPDSUHVHQWDPYDORUHVGHNH0QDRUGHPGHPHQRUTXH
DVDQWHULRUHV$HVSHUDQoDGHYLGDpGHRXDQRV6mRH[HPSORGHVWHJUXSRR
WDPEDTXLDSLUDPXWDEDHDGRXUDGD
2VYDORUHVPpGLRVGHFRPSULPHQWRHDFRPSRVLomRSRUHVSpFLHGHFDGDPDFURUUHJLmR
PRQLWRUDGDSHUPLWHPFRQÀUPDUTXHRJUXSRFDUDFWHUL]DGRFRPRULRODFXVWUHVHFRUUHVSRQGH FRP H[FHomR GD SUHVHQoD GR WDPEDTXL FRP DTXHOH GHÀQLGR SRU %DUWKHP )DEUpFRPSRVWRSRUHVSpFLHVGHSHTXHQRSRUWHGRPLQDGRSRUHVSpFLHVFRP
HVWUDWpJLDVGHYLGDVD]RQDORTXHLPSOLFDHPXPDDOWDFDSDFLGDGHGHUHSRVLomRGRV
HVWRTXHVLVWRSRGHH[SOLFDURVPHQRUHVYDORUHVGRVSDUkPHWURVGRHVSHFWURGHWDPDQKRVREVHUYDGRVSDUDHVWHJUXSRYLVWRTXHTXDQWRPDLRUHVDVWD[DVGHFUHVFLPHQWR
PDLRUDPRUWDOLGDGHQDWXUDOHPHQRUWD[DGHPXGDQoDGDGHFOLYLGDGHGRHVSHFWURSHUDQWHDSUHVVmRGHSHVFD&DEHGHVWDFDUTXHVHSRUXPODGRHVWHJUXSRGHSHL[HVGH
SHTXHQRSRUWHWHPXPDPDLRUFDSDFLGDGHGHUHFXSHUDomRSHUDQWHDPRUWDOLGDGHSRU
SHVFDSRURXWURpPXLWRPDLVYXOQHUiYHLVDYDULDo}HVLQWHUDQXDLVQRDPELHQWHMiTXH
HVWDVHVSpFLHVWrPXPDPDLRUGHSHQGrQFLDGDVYDULDo}HVSOXYLRPpWULFDVRXÁXYLRPpWULFDVWDQWRSDUDFUHVFHUTXDQWRSDUDVHUHSURGX]LUHUHFUXWDU
3HUDQWHDVDQDOLVHVDTXLDSUHVHQWDGDDOJXPDVFRQFOXV}HVVREUHRHVWDGRGHH[SORUDomRGRVUHFXUVRVSHVTXHLURVGD$PD]{QLDSRGHPVHUUHPDUFDGDV(PSULPHLUROXJDU
RVUHVXOWDGRVGHL[DPHYLGHQFLDVGDVGLIHUHQoDVGRVSDUkPHWURVGRVL]HHVSHFWUDSDUD
RVSHL[HVFDSWXUDGRVQRULRHQRVODJRV&RQWXGRDSHVFDGHULRQR%DL[R6ROLP}HV
QmRpFRPSDUiYHOjSUDWLFDGDQR%DL[R$PD]RQDVH$OWR6ROLP}HVQRVHQWLGRGDLQWHQVLGDGHGHH[SORUDomR1RFDVRGHVWDVGXDV~OWLPDVPDFURUUHJL}HVRVLQGLFDGRUHV
DQDOLVDGRVHYLGHQFLDPXPDIRUWHSUHVVmRGHSHVFDVREUHGHHVSpFLHVEDJUHVGHJUDQGHSRUWH(VWDVHVSpFLHVGHJUDQGHSRUWHVHFDUDFWHUL]DPSRUXPDPHQRUFDSDFLGDGH
GHUHSRVLomRSHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGRVVHXVSDUkPHWURVSRSXODFLRQDLVHDLQGDVmRHVSpFLHVWRSRVGHFDGHLDQRVDPELHQWHVÁXYLDLVDPD]{QLFRV6RPDGRDLVWRGHYHPRV
OHPEUDUTXHQR%DL[R$PD]RQDVKiXPDPDLRUDEXQGkQFLDGHSUpDGXOWRVHQR$OWR
6ROLP}HV GH UHSURGXWRUHV 3RU RXWUR ODGR R PDLRU LPSDFWR VREUH RV 6LOXULIRUPHV QR
%DL[R$PD]RQDVSRGHPVHUWRGDYLDPHQRVDPRUWHFLGRVFRQVLGHUDQGRTXHQHVWDUHJLmRHVSHUDVHXPDPHQRUSURGXWLYLGDGHELROyJLFDSHODPHQRUH[WHQVmRGDiUHDDODJiYHOGHVVDUHJLmR
'HQWUR GR PHVPR FRQWH[WR SRGHPRV FRPSDUDU D SHVFD GH HVSpFLHV ULR ODFXVWUHV
GDV PDFURUUHJL}HV %DL[R$PD]RQDV H %DL[R 6ROLP}HV 1HVWH FDVR ÀFD PXLWR PDLV
HYLGHQWHDLPSRUWkQFLDGDUHVLOLrQFLDHFRVVLVWrPLFDUHODFLRQDGDFRPDSUHVHUYDomRRX
FRQVHUYDomRGDViUHDVDODJiYHLV&RQVLGHUDQGRTXHDLQWHQVLGDGHGDSHVFDSUDWLFDGD
VREUHRV&KDUDFLIRUPHVSHODIURWDVHGLDGDHP0DQDXVHTXHH[SORWDDPDFURUUHJLmR
GR %DL[R 6ROLP}HV p VLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWH VXSHULRU j HTXLYDOHQWH GR %DL[R$PD]RQDV
%DWLVWDHWDOHDLQGDFRQVLGHUDQGRRVLQGLFDGRUHVGH´VD~GHGRHVWRTXHVµREtidos pela analise de estrutura de tamanhos (size espectra), pode-se elucubrar que a
PDLRUH[WHQVmRGDViUHDVDODJiYHLVGR%DL[R6ROLP}HVUHSUHVHQWDXPIDWRUUHOHYDQWH
SDUDDXPHQWDUDFDSDFLGDGHGHUHFXSHUDomRGHVWHVHVWRTXHV
$VGLIHUHQoDVQHVVHVSDUkPHWURVSRGHPVHUDWULEXtGDVSRUXPODGRjVGLIHUHQWHVQtYHLVGHSURGXWLYLGDGHELROyJLFDGDVPDFURUUHJL}HVHVWXGDVQDEDFLDGR6ROLP}HV$PD]RQDVPDVSRGHPWDPEpPVHURUHVXOWDGRGHGLIHUHQWHVHVWUDWpJLDVGHSHVFDRXDLQGDDGLIHUHQoDVGRFLFORGHYLGDGDVHVSpFLHVTXHFRPS}HDVDVVHPEOHLDVHVWXGDGDV
REFERENCIAS
$QJHOLQL5)DEUp106LOYD-U8/7URSKLFDQDO\VLVDQGÀVKLQJVLPXODWLRQ
RIWKHELJJHVW$PD]RQLDQFDWÀVK$IULFDQ-RXUQDORI$JULFXOWXUDO5HVHDUFK
%DUWKHP5%)DEUp11%LRORJLDHGLYHUVLGDGHGRVUHFXUVRVSHVTXHLURVGD
$PD]{QLD ,Q 5XIÀQR 0 / 2UJ$ SHVFD H RV UHFXUVRV SHVTXHLURV QD$PD]{QLD
%UDVLOHLUD0DQDXV3URYiU]HDS
Barthem, R.B.; Goulding, M. 1997. Os bagres balizadores. Ecologia, migração e conVHUYDomRGHSHL[HVDPD]{QLFRV7HIp6RFLHGDGH&LYLO0DPLUDXi
%DWLVWD96&KDYHV0365RGULJXHV)DULD-U&+2OLYHLUD0)*,QKDPXQV
$-)DULDV%&&DUDFWHUL]DomRVRFLRHFRQ{PLFDGDDWLYLGDGHSHVTXHLUDHGD
HVWUXWXUDGHFRPHUFLDOL]DomRGRSHVFDGRQDFDOKD6ROLP}HV$PD]RQDV,%$0$
%RXGUHDX35'LFNLH/0%LRPDVVVSHFWUDRIDTXDWLFV\VWHPVLQUHODWLRQWR
ÀVKHULHV\LHOG&DQDGLDQ-RXUQDORI)LVKHULHVDQG$TXDWLF6FLHQFHV
)DEUp11$ORQVR-&5HFXUVRVtFWLFRVQR$OWR$PD]RQDV6XD,PSRUWkQFLD
SDUDDVSRSXODo}HVULEHLULQKDV%ROHWLP0XVHX3DUDQDHQVH(PtOLR*RHOGLVpU]RRORJLD
)DEUp11%DUWKHP5%2PDQHMRGDSHVFDGRVJUDQGHVEDJUHVPLJUDGRUHV
SLUDPXWDEDHGRXUDGDQRHL[R6ROLP}HV$PD]RQDV0DQDXV,%$0$S
*LVODVRQ+/DVVHQ+2QWKHOLQHDUUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQÀVKLQJHIIRUWDQGWKH
VORSHRIWKHVL]HVSHFWUXP,&(6-RXUQDORI0DULQH6FLHQFH''S
*LVODVRQ+5LFH-0RGHOOLQJWKHHIIHFWRIFKDQJHVLQÀVKLQJHIIRUWRQWKHVL]H
DQGGLYHUVLW\VSHFWUDRIH[SORLWHGÀVKDVVHPEODJHV,&(6-RXUQDORI0DULQH6FLHQFH
&00LQLS
*LVODVRQ+5LFH50RGHOOLQJWKHUHVSRQVHRIVL]HDQGGLYHUVLW\VSHFWUDRIÀVK
DVVHPEODJHVWRFKDQJHVLQH[SORLWDWLRQ,&(6-RXUQDORI0DULQH6FLHQFH
,VDDF9-5XIÀQR0/0LOVWHLQ$)LVKHULHVHFRORJ\LQWKH/RZHU$PD]RQ$
W\SLFDODUWLVDQDOSUDFWLFHLQWKHWURSLFV(FRWURSLFD
,VDDF9-6LOYD&25XIÀQR0/$SHVFDQR%DL[R$PD]RQDV,Q5XIÀQR
0/2UJ$SHVFDHRVUHFXUVRVSHVTXHLURVQD$PD]{QLDEUDVLOHLUD0DQDXVY
p. 185-211.
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
1RODQ.6)DEUp11%DWLVWD96/DQGVFDSHYDULDEOHVDIIHFWLQJÀVKHU\
yield in lake systems of the Central Amazon region, Brazil. Journal of Applied IchthyoloJ\6SHFLDO,VVXH0RGHUQ)LVKHULHV5HVHDUFK$SSURDFKHVLQ%UD]LO²
5\GHU5$65.HUU::7D\ORUDQG/DUNLQ3$&RPPXQLW\FRQVHTXHQFHV
RIÀVKVWRFNGLYHUVLW\&DQDGLDQ-RXUQDORI)LVKHULHVDQG$TXDWLF6FLHQFHV
1866
EL ESTADO DEL ARTE DE LOS ESTUDIOS DEL ICTIOPLANCTON
EN LA AMAZONIA
Rosseval Galdino Leite – INPA-AM-BRASIL
Los estudios de ictioplancton en la Amazonia son basados principalmente sobre las
HVSHFLHVPLJUDWRULDVSHURWDPELpQORVKD\VREUHRWUDVHVSHFLHVGHSHFHVTXHKDFHQ
QLGRVRWLHQHQFXLGDGRFRQVXVSUROHV(VWRVHVWXGLRVFRPHQ]DURQHQODGpFDGDGHORV
DxRVFRQHOWUDEDMRGHPDHVWUtDGH$UDXMR/LPDHOFXDOEXVFDEDFRPSUHQGHUHOSURFHVRGHGLVWULEXFLyQGHODVODUYDVHQHOiUHDVLWXDGDFHUFDGH0DQDXVHQHO
HQFXHQWURGHDJXDVGHORVUtRV$PD]RQDV\1HJUR(VWHWUDEDMRGHVWDFRDTXHOODiUHD
como de gran importancia para la desova de muchas especies de peces, concordando
FRQODKLSyWHVLVGH*RXOGLQJODFXDOLQGLFDEDHOPRYLPLHQWRGHORVSHFHVPLJUDWRULRVGHUtRVGHDJXDVFODUDVVXSXHVWDPHQWHSREUHVHQQXWULHQWHVHQGLUHFFLyQD
ORVUtRVGHDJXDVEODQFDVULFDVHQQXWULHQWHVRSWLPDVSDUDTXHGLYHUVDVHVSHFLHVSURFHGLHUDQFRQVXIDVHUHSURGXFWLYD&RQVLGHUDQGRYDULRVUtRVGHODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFD
/LPDH$UDXMR/LPDWDPELpQFRQÀUPDURQKLSyWHVLV
/DLPSRUWDQFLDGHORVUtRVGHDJXDVEODQFDVSDUDODUHSURGXFFLyQGHORVSHFHVPLJUDtorios puede ser observada cuando se compara dos tributarios de un rio de agua blanFDVLHQGRTXHXQRGHORVGRVSRVHHDJXDVFODUDVVLHQGRHOFDVRGHOULR$EXQmTXH
KDFHOtPLWHHQWUH%UDVLO\%ROLYLD\HORWURSRVHHDJXDVEODQFDVULR%HQLULRGHDJXDV
EODQFDVTXHWDPELpQKDFHOtPLWHHQWUH%UDVLO\%ROLYLD)LJXUDV\/RVYDORUHVGH
ODFDQWLGDGGHODUYDVFDSWXUDGDVFRQODPLVPDPHWRGRORJtDHVIXHU]R\HQORVPLVPRV
GtDVGHFROHWDVRQPX\GLVWLQWRVFRPRSXHGHREVHUYDUVHHQHOHMH<GHODVGRVÀJXUDV
DEDMR8QSDVRLPSRUWDQWHSDUDHVWXGLRGHORVFDUiFLGRVIXHHOWUDEDMRGH$UDXMR/LPD
\'RQDOGHQORFXDOXWLOL]DURQHOQ~PHURGHYpUWHEUDVGHORVDGXOWRVSDUDLGHQWLÀFDFLyQGHODUYDVGH&KDUDFLIRUPHVGHOD$PD]RQLD&HQWUDO
Figura 1.$EXQGDQFLDGHODUYDVGHSHFHVHQHOULR%HQL$EULOGHD0DU]RGH
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
Figura 2.$EXQGDQFLDGHODUYDVGHSHFHVHQHOULR$EXQm$EULOGHD0DU]RGH
/DSUy[LPDLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHODUYDVIXHUHDOL]DGDSRU3HWULHQODFXDOIXHREVHUYDGD
una estrecha relación entre la velocidad del agua y la abundancia de larvas en una misma
estación de muestreo, demostrando la importancia del medio para el transporte de los
SHFHVHQHVWHSHULRGRGHYLGD3RVWHULRUPHQWH$UDXMR/LPDSXEOLFRXQLPSRUWDQWH
WUDEDMRDFHUFDGHOWDPDxRGHORVKXHYRV\GHVDUUROORODUYDOHQSHFHVGHOD$PD]RQLD&HQWUDOVLHQGRHVWHRWURHVWXGLRPDUFDQWHFRQODUYDVGHSHFHVUHJLRQDOHV
2WURVWUDEDMRVKDQVLGRGHVDUUROODGRVHQOD$PD]RQLD&HQWUDOFRQYDULDFLyQGLDULDGHODV
abundancias, considerando tres de las principales ordenes, donde se muestra que entre
&KDUDFLIRUPHV&OXSHLIRUPHV\6LOXULIRUPHVDSHQDVORV&OXSHLIRUPHVSUHVHQWDQGLIHUHQFLD
HQODDEXQGDQFLDHQWUHHOGtD\ODQRFKH$UDXMR/LPDHWDO3RURWURODGR2OLYHLUD
\$UDXMR/LPDDOHVWXGLDUGRVHVSHFLHVGHOPLVPRJpQHURGHVFXEULHURQTXHHVWDV
VHGLVWULEX\HQGHIRUPDGLIHUHQWHHQWUHORVKiELWDWVH[SORUDGRV2WURLPSRUWDQWHWUDEDMRIXH
KHFKRHQULR1HJURSRU2OLYHLUD'RQGHVHREVHUYRXODSUHVHQFLDGHODUYDVGH&KDUDFLIRUPHV\&OXSHLIRUPHVHQXQDUFKLSLpODJR
(QHOFDPSRGHODVGHVFULSFLRQHVORVJpQHURVGH&KDUDFLIRUPHVMylossoma, Brycon, Triportheus, Potamorhyna, Psectrogaster, Semaprochilodus, Prochilodus, Colossoma, Piaractus, Hemiodus, Anodus, Schizodon VRQ FRQVLGHUDGRV GH LGHQWLÀFDFLyQ UHODWLYDPHQWH
IiFLO<DSDUDHORUGHQGHORV6LOXULIRUPHVORVJrQHURV\HVSpFLHVGHBrachyplatystoma,
Sorubim, Pseudoplatystoma, Sorubimichthys, Zungaro, Platynematichthys, Phractocephalus y HypophthalmusVRQSRVLEOHVGHLGHQWLÀFDUDWUDYpVGHHVWXGLRVUHDOL]DGRVHQHOODERUDWRULRGHLFWLRSODQFWRQGHO,13$$UDXMR/LPD$UDXMR/LPD\.LURYVN\
1DVFLPHQWR\$UDXMR/LPD$UDXMR/LPD$UDXMR/LPD\-RUGmR$UDXMR/LPD\%LWWHFRXUW/HLWHHWDO\2OLYHLUDHWDO
En relación a los estudios de alimentación de las larvas y su relación con el ambiente,
HVWXGLRV\DKDQVLGRUHDOL]DGRVFRQODVHVSpFLHVBrycon amazonicus, Triprtheus auritus,
Semaprochilodus insignis, Mylossoma aureum, M. duriventre, Colossoma macropomum,
Plagioscion squamosissimus y Liposarcus pardalis/HLWH/HLWH\$UDXMR/LPD
(QWUHODUYDVGHGLIHUHQWHVHVSHFLHVH[LVWHVHOHFWLYLGDGDOLPHQWLFLD6LOYD
(QUHODFLyQDORVHVWXGLRVFRQÁXMRGHHQHUJtDDWUDYpVGHDQiOLVLVGHLVyWRSRVHVWDEOHVODV
LQYHVWLJDFLRQHVKDQPRVWUDGRTXHODVSULQFLSDOHVIXHQWHVGHFDUERQRSDUDODVODUYDVVRQODV
SODQWDVGHOJUXSR&/HLWHHWDO&RQUHVSHFWRDODSRVLFLyQHQODFDGHQDDOLPHQWLFLD
DXQHQIDVHODUYDULDKD\GLVWLQFLyQHQORVQLYHOHVWUyÀFRVHQWUHODVGLIHUHQWHVHVSHFLHV\HQ
XQDPLVPDHVSHFLHGXUDQWHVXGHVDUUROORODUYDULR/HLWHHWDO
$ORODUJRGHORV~OWLPRVDxRVORVHVWXGLRVGHODUYDVGHSHFHVKDQVLGRH[LJLGRVHQ%UDVLO
SDUD PRQLWRUHDU ORV DPELHQWHV DFXiWLFRV GRQGH VH HMHUFH DOJ~Q WLSR GH H[SORWDFLyQ TXH
XWLOLFHORVUHFXUVRV$FXiWLFRV
&RQEDVHHQHVWXGLRVGHDEXQGDQFLDGHODUYDVGHSHFHVIXHKHFKRXQPDSDGHVHQVLELOLGDG
HQXQDSHUVSHFWLYDWHPSRUDO\WDPELpQVHSUHVHQWDQUHVXOWDGRVGHFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHODUYDV
HQXQDSHUVSHFWLYDHVSDFLDO/HLWH\6LOYD&RQEDVHHQORVHVWXGLRVGHODVODUYDVHQ
OD$PD]RQLD&HQWUDOKDVLGRSRVLEOHSUHYHUIXWXURVHVWRTXHVSHVTXHURV\WDPELpQFRPSUREDUODEDMDWDVDGHUHFOXWDPLHQWRHQHVSHFLHVGHJUDQLPSRUWDQFLDFRPHUFLDO0RXQLF6LOYD\
/HLWHLQSUHVV&RPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHHVWRVIXHUDQKHFKRVHVWXGLRVGHDSURYHFKDPLHQWR
GHODVIXHQWHVGHHQHUJtDSDUDORVHVWDGRVLQtFLDOHVGHMXYHQLOHVGHDOJXQDVHVSHFLHVTXH
H[SORWDQDPELHQWHVGHKHUEiFHDVDFXiWLFDVLQGLFDQGRTXHODVPLVPDVDSURYHFKDQORVUHFXUVRVGHGLIHUHQWHVSURGXFWRUHVSULPDULRVGHSHQGLHQGRGHOVLWLRHQTXHFUHFHQ6RDUHV\
/HLWHLQSUHVV
(Q UHODFLyQ D OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ GH KLGURHOpFWULFDV HVWiQ VH GHVDUUROODQGR HVWXGLRV FRQ ODV
larvas para monitorear posibles alteraciones en la abundancia de larvas de los puntos de
YLVWDFXDOLWDWLYRVHFXDQWLWDWLYRV+DVWDDKRUDVHREVHUYDTXHODDEXQGDQFLDGHODUYDVRVFLOD
HQWUHORVGLIHUHQWHVWULEXWDULRVGHOULR0DGHLUD\HQHOSURSLRULR0DGHLUD)LJXUDVH(Q
ORVPHVHVHQTXHHODJXDHPSLH]DVXVXELGDODRIHUWDGHODUYDVHVELHQPD\RUTXHHQRWUDV
pSRFDV
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
Figura 3. Abundancia espacial de larvas de peces en el rio Madeira y cuatro de sus
WULEXWDULRVHQHOSHUtRGRGH$EULOKDVWD0DU]RGH
7DPELpQVHKDREVHUYDGRTXHODDEXQGDQFLDGHODUYDVQRVHPDQWLHQHHVWDEOHDOODUJR
GHOULRFRQIRUPHHVREVHUYDGRHQOD)LJXUD+D\YDULRVIDFWRUHVTXHSRGHQDFWXDU
HQHVWHUHVXOWDGR8QRVGRVIDFWRUHVPiVLPSDFWDQWHVHQODPRUWDOLGDGGHODVODUYDVDO
ODUJRGHOULRSXHGHVHUODSUHVHQFLDGHIXHUWHVFRUUHGHUDVSHURWHQHPRVTXHFRQVLGHUDU
ODPRUWDOLGDGQDWXUDOGHODVODUYDVTXHJHQHUDOPHQWHHVPXFKRDOWD
/DVODUYDVGH&KDUDFLIRUPHV)LJIXHUDQODVPiVDEXQGDQWHVHQHOULR0DGHLUDSHUR
HVWHSXHGHVHUXQHIHFWRGHODWUDSDGHFDSWXUDXWLOL]DGD(QHOFDVRODUHGGHLFWLRSODQFWRQ(VWXGLDQGRORPLVPRHVSDFLRFRQXQDWUDSDGHDUUDVWUHGHIRQGRKD\XQDLQYHUVLyQ
GHDEXQGDQFLDGHODUYDVHQQLYHOGHRUGHQH\KDVWDGHIDPLOLD
Figura 4. Abundancia mensual de larvas de peces en el rio Madeira y cuatro de sus
WULEXWDULRVHQWUHORVPHVHVGH$EULO\0DU]R
$FWXDOPHQWHXQWHPDLQWHUHVDQWHHVHOiUHDGHGHVRYDGHORVJUDQGHVEDJUHV\TXHXWLOL]DQHOULR0DGHLUDSDUDVXPLJUDFLyQ1XHVWURVUHVXOWDGRVKDQPRVWUDGRTXHVRODPHQWH%UDFK\SODW\VWRPDURXVVHDX[LLHVWiXWLOL]DQGRH[FOXVLYDPHQWHHOiUHDGHORV$QGHV
SDUDODUHSURGXFFLyQ(VWHUHVXOWDGRHVWiEDVDGRHQHOKHFKRGHTXHVRODPHQWHIXHURQ
HQFHQWUDGDVODUYDVLQtFLDOHVGHHVDHVSHFLHHQODVUHJLRQHVGHO3HU~WDQWRHQHOULR
8UXEDPEDFRPRHQODVFDEHFHUDVGHOULR0DGUHGH'LyV/HLWHHWDO'HODVRWUDV
HVSHFLHV GH %UDFK\SODW\VWRPD VH KDQ FDSWXUDGR ODUYDV HV VXV SULPHURV HVWDGLRV DO
ODUJRGHOULR0DGHLUDSHURQDGDHVGHÀQLWLYR\HVSRVLEOHTXHVHFDPELHODLQIRUPDFLyQ
Concluyendo, el estudio del ictioplancton asume importancia para el estudio de la
ELRORJtD UHSURGXFWLYD GH ODV HVSHFLHV GH SHFHV SULQFLSDOPHQWH DTXHOODV TXH KDFHQ
PLJUDFLyQ ORQJLWXGLQDO HQ HO ULR SDUD GHVRYDU 7DPELpQ FRQVLVWH HQ XQD KHUUDPLHQWD
LPSUHVFLQGLEOH SDUD ORV HVWXGLRV GH FRQWURO GH iUHDV GH ORV UtRV GRQGH VH SUHWHQGD
LPSOHPHQWDUDFWLYLGDGHVDQWUySLFDV
REFERENCIAS
$UDXMR/LPD &$5 0 $VSHFWRV ELROyJLFRV GH SHL[HV DPD]{QLFRV 9 'HVHQYRVOYLPHQWR ODUYDO GR MDUDTXL HVFDPD JURVVD 6HPDSURFKLORGXV LQVLJQLV &KDUDFLIRUPHV3LVFHVGD$PD]{QLD&HQWUDO9HU%UDV'LRO
$UDXMR/LPD&$50'RQDOG(1~PHURGHYpUWHEUDVGH&KDUDFLIRUPHVGR
ULR$PD]RQDVHVHXXVRQDLGHQWLÀFDomRGHODUYDVGRJUXSR$FWD$PD]RQLFD
351-358.
$UDXMR/LPD&$50$ODUYDGDEUDQTXLQKDFRPXP3RWDPRUKLQDODWLRU&XULPDWLGDH3LVFHVGD$PD]RQLD&HQWUDO9HU%UDVLO%LRO
$UDXMR/LPD&$50.LURYVN\$/0DUFD$*$VODUYDVGRV3DFXV0\ORVVRPD
spp. (Teleostei, Characidae), da Amazonia Central. Ver. Brasil. Biol.53(4) 591-600.
$UDXMR/LPD&$506LOYD99GD3HWU\32OLYHLUD(&0RXUD600/
'LHOYDULDWLRQRIODUYDOÀVKDEXQGDQFHLQWKH$PD]RQDQGULR1HJUR%UD]-%LRO
357-362.
$UDXMR/LPD&$50(JJVL]HDQGODUYDOGHYHORSPHQWLQ&HQWUDO$PD]RQLDQ
ÀVK)LVK-)LVK%LRO
/HLWH5*6LOYD-99)UHLWDV&($EXQGkQFLDHGLVWULEXLomRGDVODUYDVGH
SHL[HVQRODJR&DWDOmRHQRHQFRQWURGRVULRV6ROLP}HVH1HJUR$PD]RQDV%UDVLO
Acta Amazonica 36(4) 557-562.
/HLWH5*$DOLPHQWDomRGHMXYHQLVGHPDWULQ[m%U\FRQDPD]RQLFXV3LVFHV
Characidae) em áreas inundadas da Ilha de Marchantaria, Amazonas, Brasil.
/HLWH5*$UDXMR/LPD&$50$GLHWDGDVODUYDVGH0\ORVVRPDDXUHXPH
0GXULYHQWUHQD$PD]RQLD&HQWUDO$FWD$PD]RQLFD
/HLWH5*6LOYD-99,QGLFDGRUHVGHSUHVHQoDGHODUYDVGHSHL[HVQRULR6ROLP}HVHQWUH&RDULH0DQDXV,Q,QGLFDGRUHVVRFLDPELHQWDLVHDWULEXWRVGHUHIHUrQFLD
SDUDRWUHFKR8UXFX&RDUL0DQDXVULR6ROLP}HV$PD]RQLD2FLGHQWDO('8$0DQDXV
AM. Brasil.
/HLWH5*&$50$UDXMR/LPD5/9LFWRULD/$0DUWLQHOOL6WDEOHLVRWRSHDQDO\VLVRIHQHUJ\VRXUFHVIRUODUYDHRIHLJKWÀVKVSHFLHVIURPWKH$PD]RQÁRRGSODLQ(FRORJ\RI)UHVKZDWHU)LVK3URGXFWLRQ
1DVFLPHQWR)/$UDXMR/LPD&$50'HVFULomRGDVODUYDVGH3VHFWURJDVWHU
DPD]{QLFD H 3RWDPRUKLQD DOWDPD]RQLFD &XULPDWLGDH 3LVFHV GD$PD]RQLD &HQWUDO
$FWD$PD]RQLFD
2OLYHLUD(&$UDXMR/LPD&$50'LVJWULEXLomRGDVODUYDVGH0\ORVVRPD
DXUHXPH0GXULYHQWUH3LVFHV6HUUDVDOPLGDHQDVPDUJHQVGRULR6ROLP}HV$09HU
%UDVLO%LRO
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
TÁTICAS REPRODUTIVAS: ALTERAÇÕES TEMPORAIS x ALTERAÇÕES AMBIENTAIS
6LGLQpLD$PDGLR1, Rodrigo Neves dos Santos 1
,13$)RFR%LRGLYHUVLGDGH0DQDXV%UDVLODPDGLR#LQSDJRYEU
INTRODUÇÃO
$OWHUDo}HVGHWiWLFDVUHSURGXWLYDVHPSHL[HVVmRSURYRFDGDVSRUYiULRVIDWRUHVFRPR
DV PXGDQoDV QDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV DELyWLFDV ORFDLV RX PHVPR VREUHSHVFD /RZH0F&RQQHOO(YHQWRVFtFOLFRVQDYLGDGRVSHL[HVFRPRDGHVRYDSRGHPVHUGHWHUPLQDGRVSRUDOJXQVSDUkPHWURVDELyWLFRVFRPRDWHPSHUDWXUD0RUHVFR%HQYHQXWL
RXItVLFRVFRPRRSXOVRGHLQXQGDo}HV9D]]ROHU(QWUHWDQWRRFRUUrQFLDV
FOLPiWLFDVQmRSUHYLVtYHLVWDPEpPSRGHPHVWDUUHODFLRQDGDVDDOWHUDo}HVQRVHYHQWRV
UHSURGXWLYRVGHHVSpFLHVRXGDFRPXQLGDGHGHSHL[HVHVWDEHOHFHQGRYDULDo}HVWHPSRUDLVQDWXUDLV$PDGLR=XDQRQ$OpPGHVVHFHQiULRFRQGLo}HVDPELHQWDLV
DUWLÀFLDLV FRPR DTXHODV FDXVDGDV SHOD FRQVWUXomR GH UHVHUYDWyULRV SRGHP SURYRFDU
PXGDQoDVGHKDELWDWFRPFRQVHTrQFLDVSDUDDFRPSRVLomRHHVWUXWXUDGDVSRSXODo}HVGHSHL[HV$JRVWLQKRHWDO6HQGRDVVLPRREMHWLYRGHVWHWUDEDOKRIRL
YHULÀFDUVHDVDOWHUDo}HVGHSDUkPHWURVUHSURGXWLYRVGHHVSpFLHVGHSHL[HVRFRUULGDV
DRORQJRGRWHPSRHGHFRUUHQWHVGHPRGLÀFDomRDPELHQWDOVmRFRPSDUiYHLV
MATERIAL E MÉTODOS
2VH[HPSODUHVXWLOL]DGRVVmRSURYHQLHQWHVGHGRLVORFDLVGLVWLQWRVODJRGR&DWDOmR
XPDiUHDGHYiU]HDVLWXDGDQDFRQÁXrQFLDGRVULRV1HJURH6ROLP}HVHDEDFLDGR
ULR8DWXPmQRVWUHFKRVGRULRHGRUHVHUYDWyULRGD8+(GH%DOELQD2VSHL[HVIRUDP
FROHWDGRVPHQVDOPHQWHQRODJR&DWDOmRHELPHVWUDOPHQWHQRULR8DWXPmHUHVHUYDWyULR XWLOL]DQGR PDOKDGHLUDV GH YiULRV WDPDQKRV$V WiWLFDV UHSURGXWLYDV VHOHFLRQDGDV
IRUDPRWDPDQKRGDPHQRUIrPHDPDGXUDFDSWXUDGD/)USGFRPRPHGLGDLQGLUHWDGR
WDPDQKRPpGLRGHSULPHLUDPDWXUDomRVH[XDO/WDPDQKRPi[LPRGDIrPHD/’
WDPDQKR UHODWLYR GD SULPHLUD PDWXUDomR /)USG/’ H LQWHQVLGDGH UHSURGXWLYD ,5
VHJXQGRPpWRGRVGHVFULWRVHP0HURQDHWDOH9D]]ROHUHWDO3DUDYHULÀFDUDVDOWHUDo}HVWHPSRUDLVIRUDPFRQVLGHUDGRVRVUHVXOWDGRVUHIHUHQWHVDRVSHL[HV
FDSWXUDGRV QRODJR &DWDOmR GXUDQWH RVFLFORV KLGUROyJLFRVGH VHFDGH D
YD]DQWH H GH VHFD GH D YD]DQWH GH %LWWHQFRXUW $PDGLR
$VDOWHUDo}HVDPELHQWDLVFRQVLGHUDUDPRVUHVXOWDGRVUHIHUHQWHVDRVH[HPSODUHVFDSWXUDGRVQRULR8DWXPmGXUDQWHXPFLFORKLGUROyJLFRHPIDVHDQWHULRUDR
EDUUDPHQWRGRULRHQRULR8DWXPmHUHVHUYDWyULRGXUDQWHRFLFORKLGUROyJLFRGH
DQRVDSyVRHQFKLPHQWRGRUHVHUYDWyULR$VFRPSDUDo}HVIRUDPIHLWDVREVHUYDQGR
DVWHQGrQFLDVHDVPpGLDVIRUDPWHVWDGDVSRUPHLRGRWHVWH´WµGH6WXGHQW
RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO
2VUHVXOWDGRVUHIHUHQWHVjVDOWHUDo}HVDPELHQWDLVPRVWUDUDPTXHRWDPDQKRPpGLR
GRVH[HPSODUHVGDPDLRULDGDVHVSpFLHVGLPLQXLXDSyVREDUUDPHQWRGRULR8DWXPm
QRV GRLV DPELHQWHV UHVHUYDWyULR H ULR 7DEHOD $ GLPLQXLomR GR WDPDQKR Pi[LPR
H GD PHQRU IrPHD PDGXUD QmR DFRQWHFHX GH IRUPD FRUUHVSRQGHQWH D FRPSDUDomR
HQWUHRVDPELHQWHVGHULRHUHVHUYDWyULRQDIDVHSyVHQFKLPHQWRSHUPLWLXYHULÀFDUTXH
QR UHVHUYDWyULR DOJXPDV HVSpFLHV DWLQJHP D PDWXULGDGH VH[XDO PDLV SUHFRFHPHQWH
H RXWUDV PDLV WDUGLDPHQWH (QWUHWDQWR IRL SRVVtYHO REVHUYDU XP SDGUmR QR WDPDQKR
UHODWLYR GD SULPHLUD PDWXUDomR DV HVSpFLHV QD IDVH SUpHQFKLPHQWR DWLQJLDP D PDWXULGDGH VH[XDO FRP XP WDPDQKR FRUUHVSRQGHQWH D GR WDPDQKR Pi[LPR SDUD
DHVSpFLHPDVHVVHYDORUDXPHQWRXSDUDSDUDDVHVSpFLHVGRWUHFKRGHULRGD
IDVH SyVHQFKLPHQWR H SHUPDQHFHX R PHVPR SDUD DV HVSpFLHV GR UHVHUYDWyULR RX
VHMD&RQVLGHUDQGRTXHGHPDQHLUDJHUDODVHVSpFLHVGRULRQDIDVHSyVHQFKLPHQWRDWLQJHPWDPDQKRVPi[LPRVHGHPDWXULGDGHVH[XDOPHQRUHVHVVDHVWUDWpJLD
GHLQYHVWLUPDLVWHPSRHHQHUJLDQRFUHVFLPHQWRVRPiWLFRSRVVLYHOPHQWHSHUPLWDXPD
FDYLGDGHDEGRPLQDOPDLRUFRPFRQVHTHQWHDXPHQWRQDIHFXQGLGDGHXPDYH]TXHD
PHVPDHVWiGLUHWDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGDjFDSDFLGDGHFRUSyUHDGHDUPD]HQDUXPPDLRU
Q~PHURGHRYyFLWRV
'RWRWDOGHHVSpFLHVSUHVHQWHVQDiUHDGD8+(%DOELQDGXUDQWHDIDVHGHSUpHQFKLPHQWRXWLOL]DUDPDiUHDSDUDUHSURGXomRHGXUDQWHDIDVHGHSyVHQFKLPHQWR GDV HVSpFLHV FROHWDGDV HQFRQWUDYDPVH HP DWLYLGDGH UHSURGXWLYD
'HVWDV HVSpFLHV TXH VH UHSURGX]LUDP QD iUHD IRUDP FRPXQV jV GXDV IDVHV
2YDORUGH,5GDIDVHSUpHQFKLPHQWRpVHPHOKDQWHDRHQFRQWUDGRSDUDDIDVH
SyVQRWUHFKRGRULRHQWUHWDQWRQRUHVHUYDWyULRIRLHQFRQWUDGRXPYDORUVXSHULRU
LQGLFDQGR TXH DSHVDU GDV PRGLÀFDo}HV DPELHQWDLV RFRUULGDV QD UHJLmR HOD
FRQWLQXDVHQGRXPDiUHDLPSRUWDQWHSDUDDUHSURGXomRGRVSHL[HVDVHVSpFLHVTXH
SHUPDQHFHUDPQRUHVHUYDWyULRDSDUHQWHPHQWHHQFRQWUDUDPFRQGLo}HVIDYRUiYHLVSDUD
DVXDPDQXWHQomR
2VUHVXOWDGRVUHIHUHQWHVjVDOWHUDo}HVWHPSRUDLVPRVWUDUDPTXHQmRKRXYHYDULDo}HV
VLJQLÀFDWLYDVTXDQWRDRVWUrVSDUkPHWURVFRQVLGHUDGRVWDPDQKRPi[LPRSDUDDHVSpFLH WDPDQKR GD PHQRU IrPHD PDGXUD H WDPDQKR UHODWLYR GD SULPHLUD PDWXUDomR
PHVPR FRQVLGHUDQGR DV GXDV VHFDV H[WUHPDV TXH RFRUUHUDP HP H 7DEHOD 3RU RXWUR ODGR D ,5 PRVWURX ÁXWXDo}HV VD]RQDLV H WHPSRUDLV LPSRUWDQWHV
$V ÁXWXDo}HV VD]RQDLV HYLGHQFLDUDP R SDSHO IXQGDPHQWDO GD GXUDomR GRV SHUtRGRV
KLGUROyJLFRVSULQFLSDOPHQWHDVHTrQFLDVHFDHQFKHQWHFKHLDTXHSRGHGHWHUPLQDUR
VXFHVVRUHSURGXWLYRGDVHVSpFLHVHPDPELHQWHVGHYiU]HD$PDGLR=XDQRQ
$OpP GLVVR HYHQWRV QDWXUDLV FRPR (O 1LxR TXH SURYRFDUDP VLWXDo}HV GH H[WUHPD
VHFDQDUHJLmRDPD]{QLFDHPHFDXVDUDPXPDGUiVWLFDGLPLQXLomRGD,5
GDFRPXQLGDGHGHSHL[HVGR&DWDOmRDSyVRVUHIHULGRVSHUtRGRV7DEHOD3RUWDQWRHIHLWRVGDVPXGDQoDVFOLPiWLFDVSRGHPVHUGHWHUPLQDQWHVSDUDRUHFUXWDPHQWRH
FRQVHTHQWHPHQWHSDUDDPDQXWHQomRGHHVWRTXHVSHVTXHLURVGD$PD]{QLD&HQWUDO
$VPRGLÀFDo}HVHQFRQWUDGDVQDVWiWLFDVUHSURGXWLYDVVHOHFLRQDGDVSDUDDVGXDVVLWXDo}HVDOWHUDo}HVDPELHQWDLVHWHPSRUDLVLQGLFDUDPTXHDVDVVHPEOpLDVGHSHL[HV
VXEPHWLGDV jV GXDV VLWXDo}HV QmR UHVSRQGHP GH PDQHLUD LJXDO DSUHVHQWDQGR DOWHUDo}HVHPWiWLFDVGLIHUHQWHVSURPRYHQGRDPHOKRUDGDSWDomRjVFRQGLo}HVYLJHQWHV
$VDOWHUDo}HVHQFRQWUDGDVQHPVHPSUHUHSUHVHQWDPXPLPSDFWRQHJDWLYRFRPRIRLR
FDVRGRDXPHQWRGRYDORUWRWDOGH,5QRUHVHUYDWyULRGH%DOELQD(QWUHWDQWRDPHVPD
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
WiWLFD LQGLFRX QR FDVR GD DVVHPEOpLD GR &DWDOmR XPD DOWHUDomR WHPSRUDO QHJDWLYD
FRPGLPLQXLomRGD,5HPGHFRUUrQFLDGHHYHQWRVFOLPiWLFRQDWXUDO
7DEHOD9DORUHVGD,QWHQVLGDGH5HSURGXWLYD,5SRUDQRHPpGLRSDUDRVSHUtRGRV
DQWHULRUHSRVWHULRUjVVHFDVH[WUHPDVVXEOLQKDGRHUHVSHFWLYRWHVWH´WµSDUDDFRPXQLGDGHtFWLFDGRODJR&DWDOmR$0%UDVLO
2VUHVXOWDGRVLQGLFDPFODUDPHQWHDQHFHVVLGDGHGHPDLRUFRQKHFLPHQWRVREUHDIXQFLRQDOLGDGHGRVVLVWHPDVDTXiWLFRVHFDSDFLGDGHGHDGDSWDomRGRVRUJDQLVPRVSRU
PHLRGHVpULHVWHPSRUDLVGHGDGRV
REFERÊNCIAS
$JRVWLQKR$$-XOLR-U%RUJKHWWL-U'RPDQLQVNL-U&RQVLGHUDo}HVVREUHRV
impactos dos represamentos na ictiofauna e medidas para sua atenuação. Um estudo
GHFDVR5HVHUYDWyULRGH,WDLSX5HY8QLPDU0DULQJiVXSO
$PDGLR6\=XDQRQ-(IHLWRGDVHFDQDUHSURGXomRGHSHL[HVHPiUHDGH
YiU]HDGD$PD]{QLD&HQWUDO$PD]RQDV%UDVLO3iJLQDVHQ6DERULGR5H\HWDO
(Eds). Actas I Simposio Iberoamericano de Ecología Reproductiva, Reclutamiento y
3HVTXHUtDV9LJR(VSDxDSSKWWSKGOKDQGOHQHW
%LWWHQFRXUW00$PDGLR6$3URSRVWDSDUDLGHQWLÀFDomRUiSLGDGRVSHUtRGRVKLGUROyJLFRVHPiUHDVGHYiU]HDGRULR6ROLP}HV$PD]RQDVQDVSUR[LPLGDGHVGH
0DQDXV$FWD$PD]RQLFD
Lowe-McConnell, R.H. 1999. Estudos ecológicos de comunidades
GHSHL[HVWURSLFDLV6mR3DXOR(GXVSS
0pURQD%GH0RO-9LJRXURX[5&KDYHV373KHQRW\SLFSODVWLFLW\LQÀVK
OLIHKLVWRU\ WUDLWV LQ WZR QHRWURSLFDO UHVHUYRLUV 3HWLW6DXW 5HVHUYRLU LQ )UHQFK *XLDQD
DQG%URNRSRQGR5HVHUYRLULQ6XULQDPH1HRWURSLFDO,FKWK\RORJ\
0RUHVFR$ %HPYHQXWL 0$ %LRORJLD UHSURGXWLYD GR SHL[HUHL 2GRQWHVWKHV
argentinensis (Valenciennes) (Atherinopsidae) da região marinha costeira do sul do
Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia,
&XULWLED
9D]]ROHU$($ GH 0 %LRORJLD H UHSURGXomR GH SHL[HV WHOHyVWHRV WHRULD H
SUiWLFD0DULQJi('8(06mR3DXOR6%,S
9D]]ROHU$($GH0/L]DPD0$3,QDGD3,QÁXrQFLDVDPELHQWDLVVREUHDVD]RQDOLGDGHUHSURGXWLYD,Q$($GH09D]]ROHU$$$JRVWLQKRH16+DKQ
HGV$SODQtFLHGHLQXQGDomRGRDOWRULR3DUDQiDVSHFWRVItVLFRVELROyJLFRVHVRFLRHFRQ{PLFRV8(00DULQJiSS
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
7DEHOD9DORUHVGHFRPSULPHQWRPi[LPRGHIrPHD/’PHQRUIrPHDPDGXUD/)UGSFRPSULPHQWRSDGUmRPpGLR/VPpGLRHWDPDQKRUHODWLYRGDSULPHLUDPDWXUDomR
/)USG/’GHH[HPSODUHVGDVHVSpFLHVFDSWXUDGDVDQWHVHDSyVREDUUDPHQWRGR
ULR8DWXPm$0%UDVLOLQGLFDPGLIHUHQoDVLJQLÀFDWLYDDRQtYHOGHGRFRPSULPHQWRPpGLRSDUDDVWUrVVLWXDo}HV
7DEHOD9DORUHVGHFRPSULPHQWRPi[LPRGHIrPHD/’PHQRUIrPHDPDGXUD/)UGSFRPSULPHQWRSDGUmRPpGLR/VPpGLRHWDPDQKRUHODWLYRGDSULPHLUDPDWXUDomR
/)USG/’GHH[HPSODUHVGDVHVSpFLHVFDSWXUDGDVQRODJR&DWDOmR$0%UDVLO
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
CONTRIBUCIÓN AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LA DIVERSIDAD ÍCTICA
ANDINO-AMAZÓNICA. ESTUDIO DE CASO CUENCA RÍO HACHA
(COLOMBIA)
Marlon Pelaez1, Sergio Gaspar25DIDHO0LUDQGD2
8QLYHUVLGDGGHOD$PD]RQtD²&RORPELDPSHODH]#XQLDPD]RQLDHGXFR
8QLYHUVLGDGGH1DYDUUD²(VSDxD
INTRODUCCIÓN
La región andino amazónica es una zona de transición localizada entre los andes y
OD OODQXUD DPD]yQLFD XELFDFLyQ TXH OH FRQÀHUH FRQGLFLRQHV SURSLFLDV SDUD DOEHUJDU
XQDHQRUPHGLYHUVLGDGHVWDQGRFDWDORJDGDFRPRXQDGHODVGLH]iUHDVPiVULFDVHQ
HVSHFLHVHQWUHODVVHOYDVK~PHGDVGHOSODQHWD0\UHV1RREVWDQWHHVWDGLYHUVLGDGVHKDOODHQSHOLJURGHGHVWUXFFLyQLQPLQHQWHSULQFLSDOPHQWHODDFXiWLFDSRUOD
DPHQD]DTXHUHSUHVHQWDQIDFWRUHVFRPRODHURVLyQSURYRFDGDSRUODGHIRUHVWDFLyQORV
UHVLGXRVTXtPLFRVSURYHQLHQWHVGHODDJURSHFXDULD\HOFRPEDWHDFXOWLYRVLOtFLWRVORV
GHVDJHVXUEDQRVVLQWUDWDPLHQWR\~OWLPDPHQWHSRUODH[SORWDFLyQGHSHWUyOHR
(VWXGLRVDOUHVSHFWRGHODGLYHUVLGDGGHORVHFRVLVWHPDVDFXiWLFRVGHODUHJLyQDQGLQD
DPD]yQLFDFRORPELDQDVRQPX\HVFDVRVQRVLHQGRODH[FHSFLyQHVWXGLRVDOUHVSHFWR
GHODIDXQDLFWLFD
7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDHOFRQWH[WRDQWHULRUDFWXDOPHQWHVHGHVDUUROODHOSUR\HFWRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ ´$QiOLVLV (FROyJLFR \ 3REODFLRQDO GH OD )DXQD 3LVFtFROD GHO 3LHGHPRQWH
$QGLQR ²$PD]yQLFR &DTXHWi &RORPELDµ HQ FRQYHQLR HQWUH OD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH OD
$PD]RQtD\OD8QLYHUVLGDGGH1DYDUUD(VSDxD*DVSDUHWDO$ODIHFKDVH
KDGHVDUUROODGRHOSULPHUREMHWLYRHVSHFtÀFRHOFXDOFRQVLVWHHQFRQRFHUODGLYHUVLGDG
LFWLFDDQGLQRDPD]yQLFDFRORPELDQDFX\RVUHVXOWDGRVVHSUHVHQWDQDFRQWLQXDFLyQ
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
(OUtR+DFKDHVXQHMHPSORGHUtRDQGLQRDPD]yQLFRQDFHHQODFRUGLOOHUDGHORV$QGHV
FRUGLOOHUD2ULHQWDODPVQP\GHVHPERFDHQHOUtR2UWHJXD]DDPVQPHQ
ODOODQXUD$PD]yQLFDUHFRUULHQGRXQDGLVWDQFLDGHNPFRQXQFDXGDOSURPHGLR
GHO FDXFH SULQFLSDO GH PóV \ FRQ XQD FXHQFD KLGURJUiÀFD GH NPò
6HJ~QODFODVLÀFDFLyQGH+ROGULGJHODFXHQFDKLGURJUiÀFDGHOUtR+DFKDVHHQFXHQWUD
XELFDGDGHQWURGHOFOLPDGH%RVTXH+~PHGR7URSLFDOFDUDFWHUL]DGRSRUVXDOWDSOXYLRVLGDGDPPDxRWHPSHUDWXUDDž&\KXPHGDGD
DxR320&$
(OUtR+DFKDHVHOPiVLPSRUWDQWHUHFXUVRKtGULFRSDUDODFLXGDGGH)ORUHQFLDPD\RU
FLXGDGGHOD$PD]RQtD&RORPELDQDFRQKDELWDQWHVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGHELGR
DTXHVXVDJXDVVHXWLOL]DQSDUDFRQVXPRGRPpVWLFRUHFUHDFLyQXVRDJURSHFXDULR
pesca y un uso menos noble como es el vertimiento de las aguas residuales de la
FLXGDGORFXDOORHVWiOOHYDQGRDVXSURJUHVLYRGHWHULRUR/D7DEODUHJLVWUDORVGDWRV
Pi[LPRV \ PtQLPRV GH YDULDEOHV ItVLFDV \ TXtPLFDV UHSRUWDGDV SDUD HO UtR +DFKD
3HOiH]HWDO
7DEOD9DULDEOHVItVLFDV\TXtPLFDVGHOUtR+DFKD
3DUDHOPXHVWUHRGHSHFHVODVFDSWXUDVIXHURQUHDOL]DGDVHQVLWLRVUHSUHVHQWDWLYRV
GHODPRUIRPHWULD\XVRVGHODFXHQFDGHOUtR+DFKD)LJXUD/RVPXHVWUHRVVHUHDOL]DURQGXUDQWHGRVSHUtRGRVFRQVHFXWLYRV\FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDODpSRFD
GHDJXDVEDMDVRFWXEUHDPDU]R
Figura 1. /RFDOL]DFLyQJHRJUiÀFDGHODFXHQFDKLGURJUiÀFDGHOUtR+DFKDLQGLFDQGR
ORVSXQWRVGHPXHVWUHRGHODSUHVHQWHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
/RVPXHVWUHRVVHUHDOL]DURQFRQGRVDUWHVGHSHVFD3HVFDHOpFWULFDFRQPLQXWRV
SRUHVWDFLyQ(ORVHJL6DEDWHU\3HVFDWUDGLFLRQDOTXHLQFOX\RPDOODVGHQ\ORQ
DWDUUD\DV \ DQ]XHORV HVWR SDUD PHMRUDU OD UHSUHVHQWDWLYLGDG GH ODV FROHFWDV \ HQ
SDUWLFXODUHQOXJDUHVGRQGHODXWLOL]DFLyQGHODSHVFDHOpFWULFDQRHVHÀFLHQWHUiSLGRV
FKRUURV\]RQDVSURIXQGDV/RVHMHPSODUHVFDSWXUDGRVVHÀMDURQHQIRUPRODO\
OXHJRHQDOFRKRODO
3DUD OD GHWHUPLQDFLyQ WD[RQyPLFD VH XWLOL]DURQ ODV FODYHV GH *HU\ 0RMLFD
*DOYLVHWDO0DOGRQDGRHWDO*UHJRU\0DOGRQDGR5X
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
ELR \ 6DQDEULD HW DO $GHPiV VH FRQWy FRQ OD FRODERUDFLyQ GH HVSHFLDOLVWDV\DFFHVRDODFROHFFLyQGHUHIHUHQFLDGH,FWLRORJtDGHO,QVWLWXWRGH&LHQFLDV
1DWXUDOHVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSION
6HFDSWXUDURQHMHPSODUHVGHORVFXDOHVVHKDQGHWHUPLQDGRHVSHFLHVGLVWULEXLGDVHQyUGHQHV\IDPLOLDV7DEOD
Tabla 2/LVWDGRGHyUGHQHVIDPLOLDV\HVSHFLHVGHSHFHVFDSWXUDGRVHQHOUtR+DFKD
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
)RZOHU UHJLVWUD HVSHFLHV SDUD OD FXHQFD GHO UtR 2UWHJXD]D FXHQFD GH OD
FXDOKDFHSDUWHHOUtR+DFKDFRLQFLGLHQGRVRORHVSHFLHVFRQODVUHSRUWDGDVHQHVWH
HVWXGLR$GLFLRQDOPHQWHDODVHVSHFLHVUHSRUWDGDVSRU)RZOHU0DOGRQDGR2FDPSRHW
DODGLFLRQDPiVGHODVFXDOHVVROR+RSOLDVPDODEDULFXV)DUORZHOODJUDFLOLV
/DVLDQFLVWUXVFDTXHWDHV\OHSRULQXVVWULDWXVVHFDSWXUDURQHQHOSUHVHQWHWUDEDMR<D
6DQDEULD2FKRDHWDOSDUDYDULDVTXHEUDGDV\UtRVSUy[LPRVDODFXHQFDGHOUtR
+DFKDPXQLFLSLRVGH%HOpQGHORV$QGDTXtHV\OD0RQWDxLWDUHSRUWDHVSHFLHVGH
ODVFXDOHVFRLQFLGHQFRQODVFDSWXUDGDVHQHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLR/RDQWHULRUSRQHGH
PDQLÀHVWRHOSRWHQFLDOGHGLYHUVLGDGtFWLFDGHODUHJLyQWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODGLYHUJHQFLDHQORVSRFRVHVWXGLRVUHDOL]DGRV\DGHPiVODQHFHVLGDGDSUHPLDQWHGHFRQWLQXDU
HVWXGLDQGRODIDXQDtFWLFDGHELGRDODVDPHQD]DVTXHVHYHQVRPHWLGRVORVHFRVLVWHPDVDFXiWLFRVGHODUHJLyQ
&RQUHVSHFWRDODUWHGHSHVFDXWLOL]DGRHVSHFLHVVHFDSWXUDURQFRQSHVFDHOpFWULFD
\FRQDUWHVWUDGLFLRQDOHV/RTXHGHPXHVWUDODLPSRUWDQFLDGHXWLOL]DUYDULRVWLSRVGH
DUWHVGHSHVFDHQHVWHWLSRGHHVWXGLRV\GHHVWDPDQHUDFDSWXUDUXQPD\RUQ~PHUR
GHHVSHFLHV
7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDHOJUDGLHQWHDOWLWXGLQDO(OQ~PHURGHHVSHFLHVDXPHQWyDPHGLGD
que se desciende en la cuenca, de una especie en la naciente a 2400msnm se pasó a
DQWHVGHODGHVHPERFDGXUDDPVQP)LJXUD
En la naciente (2400msnm), solo se capturó AstroblepusHQ7DUTXLPVQVHFDSWXUyMXQWRFRQ&KDHWRVWRPDHQ6XFUHPVQDGHPiVGHHVDVGRVHVSHFLHVDSD-
UHFLHURQ&KDUDFLIRUPHV$VWUREOHSXVOOHJyKDVWD3DUDtVRPVQ\QRDSDUHFLyPiV
HQODVFDSWXUDVSHURHOQ~PHURGHHVSHFLHVIXHDXPHQWDQGRSURJUHVLYDPHQWHFRUURERUDQGRORHQXQFLDGRSRU/RPROLQRHOFXDODÀUPDTXHODDOWLWXGWLHQHLQÁXHQFLD
en la disminución de la diversidad y la subsecuente substitución de las especies en el
JUDGLHQWHDOWLWXGLQDO
Figura 2.1~PHURGHHVSHFLHVSRUHVWDFLyQ
REFERENCIAS
)RZOHU+:&ROHFFLyQGHSHFHVGHDJXDGXOFHGH&RORPELD2EWHQLGD3ULQFLSDOPHQWHSRU+HUPDQR1LFpIRUR0DUtD3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH$FDGHP\RI1DWXUDO6FLHQces of Philadelphia, Vol. 95 (1943), 223-266p.
*DOYLV*-,0RMLFD65'XTXH&&DVWHOODQRV36iQFKH]'XDUWH0$UFHÉ*XWLpUUH]/)-LPHQH]06DQWRV69HMDUDQR)$UEHOiH](3ULHWR0/HLYD
Peces del medio Amazonas – región de Leticia. Conservación Internacional, Series de
JXtDV7URSLFDOHVGH&DPSR1R(GLWRULDO3DQDPHULFDQD)RUPDVH,PSUHVRV%RJRtá, Colombia. 548p.
*DVSDU63HOiH]500LUDQGD5$QiOLVLV(FROyJLFR\3REODFLRQDOGHOD)DXna Piscícola del Piedemonte Andino Amazónico (Caquetá-Colombia).Convenio UniYHUVLGDGGHOD$PD]RQtD8QLYHUVLGDGGH1DYDUUD(VSDxD3UR\HFWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ
)ORUHQFLD&DTXHWi
Gery, J. 1977.Characids of the World. Printed in the U.S.A. 647 p.
*UHJRU\-'0DOGRQDGR-$3HFHVGHOD=RQD+LGURJHRJUDÀFDGHOD$PD]RQLD &RORPELD ,QVWLWXWR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV HQ 5HFXUVRV %LROyJLFRV$OH[DQGHU YRQ
Humboldt. Biota Colombiana 7(1) 55-94p.
80
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
/RPROLQR09(OHYDWLRQJUDGLHQWVRIVSHFLHVGHQVLW\KLVWRULFDODQGSURVSHFWLYH
YLHZV*OREDO(FRORJ\%LRJHRJUDSK\²GRLM
0DOGRQDGR -$ 9DUL 5 9 8VPD -6 &KHFNOLVW RI WKH )UHVKZDWHU )LVKHV RI
Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9 (2) 143 – 237p.
0DOGRQDGR-$$2UWHJD**DOYLV)9LOOD/9iVTXH]63UDGD&$UGLOD
Peces de los Andes de Colombia. Guía de Campo. Instituto de Investigaciones de ReFXUVRV%LROyJLFRV´$OH[DQGHU9RQ+XPEROGWµ%RJRWi'&&RORPELDS
0RMLFD&-,/LVWD3UHOLPLQDUGHODVHVSHFLHVGHSHFHVGXOFHDFXtFRODVGH&RORPELD5HYLVWDGHOD$FDGHPLD&RORPELDQDGH&LHQFLDV([DFWDV)tVLFDV\1DWXUDOHV
Vol 23, suplemento especial.
0\UHV17KHSULPDU\VRXUFHWURSLFDOIRUHVWDQRXUIXWXUH(G::1RUWRQ
Company.
2UWHJD+-,0RMLFD-&$ORQVR0+LGDOJR/LVWDGRGH3HFHVGHODFXHQFD
del Rio Putumayo en un sector Colombo-Peruano. Universidad Nacional de San Marcos, Lima. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Instituto SINCHI. Biota Colombiana 7(1)
95-112.
3HOiH]50*DUFLD+0HQGH]*&&DUDFWHUL]DFLyQ\FXDQWLÀFDFLyQGHODFDUJDFRQWDPtQDWHWUDQVSRUWDGDSRUHOUtR+DFKD)ORUHQFLD&DTXHWi,Q1HROLPQRV9,,
Seminario Colombiano de Limnologia. Ibague. 17-28p.
320&$3ODQGHRUGHQDFLyQ\PDQHMRGHODFXHQFDGHOUtR+DFKD²
Convenio 051 del 2004. 25p.
5XELR(,QWURGXFFLyQDORV3HFHV'XOFHDFXtFRODVGH&RORPELD8QLYHUVLGDGGHO
Valle. Impreso Cali Colombia. p 404.
6DEDWHU6<$(ORVHJL&RQFHSWRV\7pFQLFDVHQ(FRORJtD)OXYLDO%%9$(VSDxDS
6DQDEULD2FKRD$,39'D]D,&%HOWUDQ3HFHVGHOD$PD]RQLD&RORPELDQD
FRQeQIDVLVHQ(VSHFLHVGH,QWHUpV2UQDPHQWDO0LQLVWHULRGH$JULFXOWXUD\'HVDUUROOR
5XUDO,1&2'(58QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD%RJRWi'&S
81
ADICIONES A LA LISTA ANOTADA DE LOS PECES DE AGUAS CONTINENTALES DEL PERU
Hernán Ortega10D[+LGDOJR1, Ericka Correa1, Jessica Espino1*LDQQLQD7UHYHMR1, Vanessa Meza1\$QD0DUtD&RUWLMR1
'HSDUWDPHQWRGH,FWLRORJtD0XVHRGH+LVWRULD1DWXUDO8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO0D\RU
de San Marcos, Apartado14-0434, Lima 14, Perú.
INTRODUCCIÓN
El territorio peruano comprende parte importante de la cuenca amazónica occidental
TXHLQFOX\HQODVYHUWLHQWHVRULHQWDOHVGHORVDOWRV$QGHVODFXHQFDGHOODJR7LWLFDFD
\SDUWHGHODYHUWLHQWHGHO3DFtÀFRORTXHFRQÀJXUDTXHH[LVWDXQDJUDQGLYHUVLGDGGH
KiELWDWV\HVSHFLHVHQGpPLFDV2OVRQHWDO/DIDXQDSHUXDQDGHSHFHVFRQWLQHQWDOHVSULQFLSDOPHQWHVHHQFXHQWUDHQODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFD2UWHJD9DUL+DVWD
KDFHXQRVDxRVVHUHFRQRFLHURQHVSHFLHVYiOLGDV&KDQJ2UWHJDVLQ
HPEDUJRHVWLPDFLRQHVFRQVHUYDGRUDVVXJLHUHQTXHDOFDQ]DUtDQHVSHFLHV2UWHJD
\&KDQJ(VWDLFWLRIDXQDVHGLVWULEX\HGHPDQHUDWRWDOPHQWHGLIHUHQFLDGDHQWUHV
VLVWHPDVGHGUHQDMHSULQFLSDOHVUtRVFRVWHURVTXHGUHQDQDO2FpDQR3DFLÀFROD
FXHQFDGHO/DJR7LWLFDFD\HOVLVWHPDDPD]yQLFRSHUXDQR/DOLVWDDGLFLRQDOTXHSUHVHQWDPRVHQODSUHVHQWHRSRUWXQLGDGLQFUHPHQWDHOQ~PHURKDVWDHVSHFLHVQDWLYDV
FRQWLQHQWDOHVSDUDHO3HU~
(VWDGR GHO FRQRFLPLHQWR WD[RQyPLFR GH ORV SHFHV GH DJXDV FRQWLQHQWDOHV El conociPLHQWRFRQWLQXRGHODLFWLRIDXQDSHUXDQDHQODV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVVHLQLFLDFRQODVFRQWULEXFLRQHVGH)RZOHU\VHYLHQHLQFUHPHQWDQGRGHVGHSULQFLSDOPHQWHGHELGRDODVFROHFFLRQHVVLVWHPDWL]DGDVGHSHFHV\GDWRVUHODFLRQDGRV(VWD
DFWLYLGDGTXHFRPHQ]yHQODFXHQFDGHOUtR8FD\DOLGHVGHHO,9,7$3XFDOOSD8QLYHUVLGDG
1DFLRQDO0D\RUGH6DQ0DUFRVIXHH[WHQGLpQGRVHKDFLDORVGHSDUWDPHQWRVGH/RUHWR
0DGUHGH'LRV\6DQ0DUWLQ(QOD~OWLPDGpFDGDFRQPD\RUWUDEDMRGHFDPSRVHKDQ
FXELHUWRPXFKDViUHDVQXHYDV\ODFROHFFLyQ,FWLROyJLFDGHO0XVHRGH+LVWRULD1DWXUDOGH
OD810600860DKRUDFRQWLHQHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHORWHVFDWDORJDGRVPiVGH
HVSHFtPHQHVUHSUHVHQWDQGRDFWXDOPHQWHPiVGHPLOHVSHFLHVQDWLYDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHGHOVLVWHPDDPD]yQLFR(QODSULPHUDOLVWDDQRWDGDGHSHFHVSHUXDQRV2UWHJD
\9DULVHUHSRUWDURQHVSHFLHVGHDJXDVFRQWLQHQWDOHV)XHDFWXDOL]DGDSRU
2UWHJD\SRU&KDQJ\2UWHJDHVSHFLHVYiOLGDVTXHLQFOXtDQWDQWRQDWLYDVFRPRLQWURGXFLGDV5HFLHQWHPHQWH2UWHJD\&ROUHSRUWDURQHVSHFLHV
'LVWULEXFLyQGHORVSHFHVHQODVDJXDVFRQWLQHQWDOHVGHO3HU~ A lo largo de la costa peUXDQDVHKDQUHSRUWDGRGHHVSHFLHVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHTXHKDELWDQUtRVTXHGUHQDQDO3DFtÀFR(QODFXHQFDGHO/DJR7LWLFDFDVHUHFRQRFHQDOJXQRVJUXSRVLPSRUWDQWHV
FRPR2UHVWLDV7ULFKRP\FWHUXV\$VWUREOHSXVHQWRWDOXQDVHVSHFLHV
(QOD$PD]RQLD3HUXDQDODPD\RUSDUWHGHODGRFXPHQWDFLyQVREUHODLFWLRIDXQDKDVLGR
JHQHUDGDHQORV~OWLPRVDxRVGHLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVTXHLQFOX\HQH[SHGLFLRQHVDGLIHUHQWHVUHJLRQHVGHOSDtV$VtPXFKDVFXHQFDVKLGURJUiÀFDVKDQVLGRHYDOXDGDVGHVGH
HOVXUDOQRUWHGHO3HU~HOVLVWHPD7DPERSDWD,QDPEDUL7DKXDPDQXTXHLQFOX\HHO
QRUWHGH3XQR\0DGUHGH'LRVODFXHQFDGHO8UXEDPEDLQFOXLGDVWDQWRODSDUWHEDMD
\DOWDGHVXERVTXHOOXYLRVRGHVGH&XVFRKDVWD8FD\DOLHO3DUTXH1DFLRQDO&RUGLOOHUD
82
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
$]XO8FD\DOL²/RUHWRODFXHQFDGHOUtR0DUDxyQHQVXVHFFLyQVXSHULRU&DMDPDUFD
²$PD]RQDV
(VSHUDPRVTXHHVWDFRPXQLFDFLyQVHD~WLOSDUDDFWXDOL]DUHOFRQRFLPLHQWRVREUHHOWHPD
FRPRWDPELpQSDUDFRQWULEXLUFRQHOGHVDUUROORGHLQLFLDWLYDVHQFRQVHUYDFLyQ\PDQHMR
GHODVHVSHFLHVQDWLYDVGHSHFHVHQHO3HU~/RVREMHWLYRVLQFOX\HQODDFWXDOL]DFLyQGHO
conocimiento de la diversidad de los peces que habitan las aguas continentales en el
3HU~ SUHVHQWDU XQD OLVWD VLVWHPiWLFD GH ODV HVSHFLHV QDWLYDV GH SHFHV UHFLHQWHPHQWH
UHJLVWUDGDV GHVFULELU HO HVWDGR GH FRQVHUYDFLyQ GH ORV VLVWHPDV DFXiWLFRV \ UHFXUVRV
hidrobiológicos y el uso actual que se aplica a las especies de peces de aguas continenWDOHVHQHO3HU~
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
La lista anotada se basa en los registros de especies que provienen de publicaciones y/o
HQORVHVSHFtPHQHVGHSRVLWDGRVHQODVFROHFFLRQHVGHELGDPHQWHFHUWLÀFDGRVSRUORVHVSHFLDOLVWDV/D&ROHFFLyQ,FWLROyJLFD0860VHHQFXHQWUDHQHO0XVHRGH+LVWRULD1DWXUDO
GHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO0D\RUGH6DQPDUFRVHQ/LPD3HU~
$GLFLRQHVDOD/LVWD$QRWDGDGH3HFHV&RQWLQHQWDOHVGHO3HU~(QHO2UGHQ0\OLREDWLIRUPHVIDPLOLD3RWDPRWU\JRQLGDHVHLQFOX\HQGRVHVSHFLHVGHOJHQHUR+HOLRWU\JRQ\HO
PDWHULDOWLSRSURYLHQHGHORVUtRV1DQD\,WD\D\3DFKLWHDGHODOODQXUDDPD]yQLFD(QOD
PLVPDIDPLOLDVHUHJLVWUDQXQDHVSHFLHGHOJHQHUR3RWDPRWU\JRQ\RWUDGHOJHQHUR3OHVLRWU\JRQ7RGDVFRQRFLGDVJUXSDOPHQWHFRPR´UD\DVDPD]yQLFDVµ
(QHO2UGHQ&KDUDFLIRUPHVIDPLOLD&KDUDFLGDHSUHVHQWDXQQXHYRUHJLVWUR/DQGRQLD
ODWLGHQV UHJLVWUDGR HQ ODJXQD fDSLTXH FXHQFD GHO 5LR &KLUD \ GHO 2FpDQR 3DFLÀFR
%U\FRQFR[HJ\ nuevo registro, previamente descrito para Ecuador y con muestras de los
UtRV&HQHSD\0DUDxyQFXHQFDDPD]yQLFD2WURUHJLVWURHQ&KDUDFLGDHFRQSalminus
brasiliensisGHVFULWRSDUDODFXHQFD3DUDQD3DUDJXD\\SURFHGHQWHGHOULR<DQDFKDJD
DPERVGHODUHJLyQDPD]yQLFD
(QHO2UGHQ*\PQRWLIRUPHVYDULRVQXHYRVUHJLVWURVHQODVIDPLOLDV$SWHURQRQWLGDHWRGRV
SURFHGHQWHV GH OD 5HJLyQ DPD]yQLFD *pQHURV Adontosternarchus, Magosternarchus,
Microsternarchus Orthosternarchus, Pariosternarchus, Sternarchella,Sternarchogiton, y
Sternarchorhynchus (Q *\PQRWLGDH Gymnotus FRQ GRV HVSHFLHV HQ +\SRSRPLGDH
genero SteatogenysFRQXQD(Q6WHUQRS\JLGDHHOJpQHUR Eigenmannia y una especie
\5KDPSKLFKWK\LGDHGymnorhamphichtys, una especies y RabdolichopsWUHVHVSHFLHV
(QHO2UGHQ3HUFLIRUPHVIDPLOLD&LFKOLGDHVHLVHVSHFLHVGHOJHQHURApistogramma, proFHGHQWHVGH/RUHWRUHJLyQDPD]yQLFD7DEODV\
&RPSRVLFLyQ DFWXDOL]DGD (Q FXDQWR D OD FRPSRVLFLyQ WD[RQyPLFD DFWXDO XQ WRWDO GH
HVSHFLHV6LOXULIRUPHVEDJUHVHVSHFLHV&KDUDFLIRUPHVSHFHVHVFDPDGRVHVSHFLHV\*\PQRWLIRUPHVSHFHVHOpFWULFRVHVSHFLHV
VRQORVTXHHQFRQMXQWRFRQIRUPDQHO6XSHU2UGHQ2VWDULRSK\VL6HJXLGDPHQWHFRQXQD
PRGHUDGDULTXH]DVHUHJLVWUDQHVSHFLHVGH3HUFLIRUPHV\HVSHFLHV
GH &\SULQRGRQWLIRUPHV )LQDOPHQWH RWURV yUGHQHV FRPR &OXSHLIRUPHV HVSHFLHV
0\OLREDWLIRUPHV3OHXURQHFWLIRUPHV%HORQLIRUPHV\VLHWHyUGHQHVPiV
HVSHFLHVHQWRWDOHVWiQWDPELpQUHSUHVHQWDGRV\FRQIRUPDQMXQWRVXQGHODLFWLRIDXQDFRQWLQHQWDOSHUXDQD7DEOD
83
'LVWULEXFLyQHQOD$PD]RQLDSHUXDQD/D$PD]RQtDSHUXDQDDOEHUJDPiVGHHVSHFLHVUHJLVWUDGDV(QHOVXUHVWHSHUXDQR0DGUHGH'LRVVHHVWLPDHVSHFLHV
PiVGHSDUDODFXHQFDGHOULR8FD\DOL\PHQRVGHSDUDODFXHQFDGHOULR0DUDxyQ
6REUHODLFWLRIDXQDHQODViUHDVSURWHJLGDVFRQRFHPRVSDUWHGHORVSDUTXHVQDFLRQDOHV
HQHO0DQXVHKDQUHJLVWUDGRHVSHFLHV2UWHJDHQHO%DKXDMD6RQHQH\
OD5HVHUYD1DFLRQDO7DPERSDWDDOPHQRVHVSHFLHV&KDQJ\HQ&RUGLOOHUD
$]XOHVSHFLHVGH5KDPHWDO(QiUHDVIXHUDGH$13HQODFXHQFDGHOUtR
3DFKLWHDWULEXWDULRGHO8FD\DOLVHKDQUHJLVWUDGRHVSHFLHVGXUDQWH(Q
HOUtR<DYDUtFHUFDGHODXQLyQDO$PD]RQDVHVSHFLHVIXHURQUHJLVWUDGDV2UWHJDHW
DOPLHQWUDVTXHHQODUHJLyQGHO$PSL\DFX²$SD\DFX<DJXDV\0HGLR3XWXPD\R
HVSHFLHVKDQVLGRUHSRUWDGDV+LGDOJR\2OLYHUD(QODFXHQFDGHOUtR3DVWD]D
(FXDGRU\3HU~VHUHJLVWUDURQHVSHFLHV:LOOLQNHWDO
(QODUHJLyQGHO7DKXDPDQX,QDPEDUL0DGUHGH'LRVVHUHJLVWUDURQDOPHQRV
HVSHFLHVFRPRUHVXOWDGRVGHHVWXGLRVGXUDQWH(QHO%DMR8UXEDPED&XVFR8FD\DOLVHKDQLGHQWLÀFDGRPiVGHHVSHFLHV3UR\HFWR&DPLVHD´ZHEVLWHµ\2UWHJDHWDO
6REUHHOHVWDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQGHORVKiELWDWVDFXiWLFRV(QODViUHDVSURWHJLGDVODV
FRQGLFLRQHVGHFRQVHUYDFLyQGHDPELHQWHVDFXiWLFRVYDGHPX\EXHQDDSUtVWLQDFRPR
VHKDFRPSUREDGRHQUtRV\TXHEUDGDVGH3DUTXHV1DFLRQDOHV0DQX&RUGLOOHUD$]XO\
<DQDFKDJD&KHPLOOHQORTXHGHPXHVWUDXQDDGHFXDGDFRQVHUYDFLyQGHQXHVWUDLFWLRIDXQD 6LQ HPEDUJR IXHUD GH ODV iUHDV SURWHJLGDV H[LVWHQ SUREOHPDV HFROyJLFRV TXH
DPHQD]DQODLQWHJULGDGGHORVDPELHQWHVDFXiWLFRVHQHOSDtV3ULQFLSDOPHQWHODGHIRUHVWDFLyQODPLQHUtDGHRUR\ODDSOLFDFLyQGHLQDGHFXDGRVPpWRGRVGHDJULFXOWXUDHQHO
OODQRDPD]yQLFRVRQORVSUREOHPDVTXHHQIUHQWDQ\DIHFWDQDODFDOLGDGGHORVDPELHQWHV
DFXiWLFRV\FRPXQLGDGGHORVSHFHVUHJLVWUiQGRVHPHUFXULRHQYDORUHVHOHYDGRVHQSHFHVGHFRQVXPRPRWDHQ3XHUWR0DOGRQDGR0DGUHGH'LRV
Tabla 1.5HVXPHQSRUyUGHQHVGHSHFHVGHDJXDVFRQWLQHQWDOHVGHO3HU~
84
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
8VRVGHORVSHFHVHQOD$PD]RQLDSHUXDQD'HODVHVSHFLHVDPD]yQLFDVPiVGHXQ
FRPSUHQGH IRUPDV PHQXGDV GH GLIHUHQWHV IDPLOLDV \ PXFKDV GHVWDFDQ SRU VX
FRORULGR\KiELWRVTXHORVKDFHDWUDFWLYRVFRPRSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHV\HVPX\SUREDEOHDOFDQFHDXQDVHVSHFLHVVLQHPEDUJRHQODVHVWDGtVWLFDVIDOWDGHWHUPLQDUHO
Q~PHURUHDO&RPHUFLDOPHQWHWLHQHQJUDQGHPDQGDORV2VWHRJORVVLGDHDUDKXDQDV
EDJUHVSHTXHxRVGH3LPHORGLGDH]XQJDULWRV/RULFDULLGDH2WRFLQFOXV&DOOLFKWK\LGDH
&RU\GRUDV2WURJUXSRFRPSUHQGHODVUD\DV3RWDPRWU\JRQLGDHORVFLFOLGRV$SLVWRJUDPPD\ORVWHWUDV&KDUDFLGDHORFXDOHVVRQPX\IUHFXHQWHVHQVHOYDEDMD
Tabla 2.$GLFLRQHVDOD/LVWDGH3HFHVGH$JXDV&RQWLQHQWDOHVGHO3HU~
3RURWURODGRHQODVSREODFLRQHVULEHUHxDVGHODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDORVSHFHVVRQPiV
DSUHFLDGRVFRPRUHFXUVRDOLPHQWLFLRDVtSRUORPHQRVHVSHFLHVVRQGHFRQVXPR
directo, este grupo incluye especies desde 10 cm de longitud, porque en las comunidaGHVQDWLYDVDVLODVXWLOL]DQ3DUDFLXGDGHVGHVHOYDEDMDFRPR,TXLWRV3XFDOOSD3XHUWR
0DOGRQDGR\<XULPDJXDVHQODVHVWDGtVWLFDVVHUHJLVWUDQPiVGHXQFHQWHQDUGHHVSHFLHV6LQHPEDUJRORVPD\RUHVSRUFHQWDMHVHVWiQUHSUHVHQWDGRVSRUXQDGRFHQDGH
HVSHFLHV\GHVWDFDQHQWUHHOORVORVSHFHVPLFUyIDJDV3URFKLORGRQWLGDH\&XULPDWLGDH
7DPELpQ ORV SHFHV 3LPHORGLGDH &KDUDFLGDH /RULFDULLGDH \ &LFKOLGDH GH WDOODV PHGLDQDVDPHQRUHV/RVEDJUHVJUDQGHVDOSDUHFHUSRUGLVWLQWDVVHxDOHVGHPXHVWUDQ
UHGXFFLyQHQELRPDVDHQQ~PHURGHHVSHFLHVHLQFOXVLYHHQODVWDOODVSURPHGLRGH
FDSWXUD
$JUDGHFLPLHQWRV$ORV'UV0DUFHOR&DUYDOKR)ODYLR/LPD-DPHV$OEHUW\8ZH5RPHUSRUODUHYLVLyQGHHVSHFtPHQHV\UHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRVHQOD&ROHFFLyQ,FWLROyJLFD
0860UHYLVDQGRPXHVWUDVGH3RWDPRWU\JRQLGDH&KDUDFLGDH*\PQRWLIRUPHV\&LFKOLGDHUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
REFERENCIAS
&DUYDOKR0GH035DJQR$QXQXVXDOGZDUIQHZVSHFLHVRI1HRWURSLFDO
IUHVKZDWHUVWLQJUD\3OHVLRWU\JRQQDQDVSQRYIURPWKHXSSHUDQGPLG$PD]RQEDVLQ
WKHVHFRQGVSHFLHVRI3OHVLRWU\JRQ&KRQGULFKWK\HV3RWDPRWU\JRQLGDH3DSHLV$YXOVRV0XVHXGH=RRORJLDGD8639ROXPH
&DUYDOKR05GH/RYHMR\150RUSKRORJ\DQGSK\ORJHQHWLFUHODWLRQVKLSVRI
a remarkable new genus and two new species of Neotropical freshwater stingrays from
WKH$PD]RQEDVLQ&KRQGULFKWK\HV3RWDPRWU\JRQLGDH=RRWD[D
2UWHJD+0+LGDOJR(&RUUHD-(VSLQR/&KRFDQR*7UHYHMR90H]D$0
&RUWLMR 5 4XLVSH /LVWD$QRWDGD GH ORV 3HFHV GH$JXDV &RQWLQHQWDOHV GHO
Peru. Ministerio del Ambiente – Museo de Historia Natural, Lima, Peru. 56 pp.
5REHUWV77KH*ODQGXORFDXGLQDH&KDUDFLG)LVKHVRIWKH*XD\DV%DVLQLQ:HVtern Ecuador. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard University),
ÀJV
Rodríguez M. S.; H. Ortega and R. Covain. 2011. Intergeneric phylogenetic relationsKLSVLQFDWÀVKHVRIWKH/RULFDULLQDH6LOXULIRUPHV/RULFDULLGDHZLWKWKHGHVFULSWLRQRI
)RQFKLLORULFDULDQDQRGRQDQHZJHQXVDQGVSHFLHVIURP3HUX-RXUQDORI)LVK%LRORJ\
GRLM
5|PHU8)'XSRQFKHOOH$9HOD'tD]&*DUFtD'iYLOD66LUYDV&'tD]&DWFKD\
-)5HQQR$SLVWRJUDPPDFLQLODEUDVSQ'HVFULSWLRQRIDSRWHQWLDOO\HQGDQJHUHGHQGHPLFFLFKOLGVSHFLHV7HOHRVWHL3HUFLIRUPHV&LFKOLGDHIURPWKH'HSDUWDPHQWR
/RUHWR3HUX9HUWHEUDWH=RRORJ\
5|PHU8,+DKQ$SLVWRJUDPPDEDUORZLVSQ'HVFULSWLRQRIDQHZIDFXOWDWLYH PRXWKEUHHGLQJ FLFKOLG VSHFLHV 7HOHRVWHL 3HUFLIRUPHV *HRSKDJLQDH IURP 1RU
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
WKHUQ3HUX²9HUWHEUDWH=RRORJ\²
5|PHU8(5|PHU'36RDUHV,+DKQ$SLVWRJUDPPDSDQWDORQHVSQ²
'HVFULSWLRQRIDJHRSKDJLQH'ZDUI&LFKOLG7HOHRVWHL3HUFLIRUPHVIURPQRUWKHUQ3HUX
²,Q5|PHU8HG&LFKOLG$WODV1DWXUDO+LVWRU\RI6RXWK$PHULFDQ'ZDUI&LFKOLGV
9ROXPH0HUJXV9HUODJ0HOOH²
5|PHU833UHWRU,+DKQ$SLVWRJUDPPDKXDVFDUVSQ²'HVFULSWLRQRID
'ZDUI&LFKOLGIURP3HUX²,Q5|PHU8HG&LFKOLG$WODV1DWXUDO+LVWRU\RI6RXWK
$PHULFDQ'ZDUI&LFKOLGV9ROXPH0HUJXV9HUODJ0HOOH²
5|PHU8(5|PHU,+DKQ$SLVWRJUDPPDURVLWDHVSQ²'HVFULSWLRQRID
QHZ'ZDUI&LFKOLGIURP3HUX²,Q5|PHU8HG&LFKOLG$WODV1DWXUDO+LVWRU\RI
6RXWK$PHULFDQ'ZDUI&LFKOLGV9ROXPH0HUJXV9HUODJ0HOOH²
RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES DEL MANEJO POBLACIONAL DE
PAICHE (Arapaima gigas) y ARAHUANA (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)
EN LOS SECTORES DEL MEDIO Y BAJO RÍO PUTUMAYO (PERÚ)
3RU/XLV0R\D1, Amilcar Ortíz1, Carlos Vásquez1 y Hernán Caballero2
(VSHFLDOLVWDVGHO3UR\HFWR0DQHMR,QWHJUDOGHOD3HVFD3UR\HFWR(VSHFLDO%LQDFLRQDO
'HVDUUROOR,QWHJUDOGHOD&XHQFDGHO5tR3XWXPD\R3(',&3
(VSHFLDOLVWDHQ3HVFD'LUHFFLyQ5HJLRQDOGHOD3URGXFFLyQ/RUHWR
INTRODUCCIÓN
(QHOPDUFRGHO7UDWDGRGH&RRSHUDFLyQ$PD]yQLFD3HUXDQR&RORPELDQRVXVFULWRHQ
DPERVJRELHUQRVGLHURQLQLFLRDXQSURFHVRGHFRRSHUDFLyQKDFLDHOGHVDUUROOR
integral de sus respectivos territorios amazónicos, asegurando la incorporación a sus
HFRQRPtDVQDFLRQDOHV(QHVWDSHUVSHFWLYDHQVHSXEOLFyHO3ODQ&RORPER3HUXDQRSDUDHO'HVDUUROOR,QWHJUDOGHOD&XHQFDGHOUtR3XWXPD\R33&3TXHFRQWHPSODED
FRPRXQRGHORV3UR\HFWRV%LQDFLRQDOHVHO´0DQHMR,QWHJUDOGHOD3HVFDµHQEDVHDO
(VWXGLRGHSUHIDFWLELOLGDGGHOPLVPRQRPEUHHODERUDGRSRU$OFiQWDUD
$ÀQHVGHODxRHQHOPDUFRGHO&RQYHQLRGH&RRSHUDFLyQ,QWHU,QVWLWXFLRQDOHQWUH
ODV8QLGDGHV7pFQLFDVGH3HU~\GH&RORPELDUHSUHVHQWDGRVSRUHO,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH
'HVDUUROOR,1$'(\HO,QVWLWXWR$PD]yQLFRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtÀFDV6,1&+,VH
SRQHHQPDUFKDHO´3UR\HFWR%LQDFLRQDO0DQHMR,QWHJUDOGHOD3HVFDµFRQDFFLRQHVFRQMXQWDVGHHVWXGLRVEiVLFRVVREUHODSHVFD\ODDFXLFXOWXUDTXHIXHURQIRUWDOHFLGDVSRUOD
FRRSHUDFLyQGHOD2UJDQL]DFLyQGH1DFLRQHV8QLGDVSDUDOD$JULFXOWXUD\OD$OLPHQWDFLyQ
)$2PHGLDQWHHOSUR\HFWR´$SR\RDO2UGHQDPLHQWRGHOD3HVFDHQHO5tR3XWXPD\Rµ
5HVXOWDGRGHHVRVGRVSURFHVRVVHFXHQWDFRQXQGLDJQyVWLFRDFWXDOL]DGRGHOVHFWRU
SHVTXHUR\FRQGLUHFWULFHVSDUDODIRUPXODFLyQGHXQ3ODQGH2UGHQDFLyQ\'HVDUUROOR
GH OD 3HVFD \$FXLFXOWXUD GHQWUR GH ODV FXDOHV VH PHQFLRQD OD SXHVWD HQ PDUFKD GH
SURJUDPDVRSODQHVGHPDQHMRSHVTXHURGHODVHVSHFLHVSULRUL]DGDV0HQDHWDO
$ORQVRHWDO
(O5HJODPHQWRGH2UGHQDPLHQWR3HVTXHURGHOD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD'HFUHWR6XSUHPR
1ƒ352'8&(GHÀQHORV3URJUDPDVGH0DQHMR3HVTXHURFRPRXQLQVWUXPHQWRWpFQLFRDGPLQLVWUDWLYRFX\DÀQDOLGDGHVSRQHUHQSUiFWLFDXQDH[SORWDFLyQFRQWURODGDGHXQDHVSHFLHRXQFRQMXQWRGHHVSHFLHVHQXQDPELHQWHSDUWLFXODUEDMRQRUPDV
\UHJXODFLRQHVYLJLODGDV&RQHVWDEDVHOHJDOHO3(',&3HODERUy\SXVRHQPDUFKDHO
´3URJUDPDGH0DQHMR3HVTXHURGHODVHVSHFLHV3DLFKH\$UDKXDQDHQORVVHFWRUHVGHO
PHGLR\EDMR3XWXPD\Rµ3520$3(TXHIXHDSUREDGRSRU5HVROXFLyQ'LUHFWRUDO1ƒ
*5/',5(3523(',&3',5(352FRQHOREMHWLYRGHLPSOHPHQWDU
XQVLVWHPDGHPDQHMR\DSURYHFKDPLHQWRVRVWHQLEOHGHODVHVSHFLHV´SDLFKHµ\´DUDKXDQDµ SDUD FRQWULEXLU D JDUDQWL]DU OD FRQVHUYDFLyQ GH ODV HVSHFLHV OD UHQWDELOLGDG GH OD
DFWLYLGDG\ODSDUWLFLSDFLyQ\EHQHÀFLRVGHODVFRPXQLGDGHVSHVTXHUDVRUJDQL]DGDVGH
ORVVHFWRUHVPHGLR\EDMR3XWXPD\R
88
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
Este documento presenta resultados preliminares obtenidos en la implementación del
3URJUDPDGH0DQHMR3HVTXHURFRQWULEX\HQGRFRQHOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHOPDQHMRGHHVWDV
GRVHVSHFLHVHQHVWDUHJLyQIURQWHUL]D$PD]yQLFD
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
/DViUHDVGHHVWXGLRHVWiQORFDOL]DGDVHQHO'LVWULWRGHO3XWXPD\R3URYLQFLDGH0D\QDV
5HJLyQ /RUHWR )LJXUD /DV DFWLYLGDGHV GHO SUR\HFWR VH KDQ GHVDUUROODGR HQ FXDWUR
PyGXORV/RVGRVSULPHURVPyGXORVVHXELFDQHQHO6HFWRU0HGLRGHOUtR3XWXPD\RFRPSUHQGLHQGRODV]RQDVGHSHVFD&HGURFRFKD\7LJUHFRFKDFHUFDGH(O(VWUHFKR\
FRFKD%RERQD\FRFKD%XIHRXELFDGRVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHDNPUtRDEDMRGHODORFDOLGDGGH(O(VWUHFKR0DSD$VtPLVPRHQHO6HFWRUGHO%DMRUtR3XWXPD\RVHXELFDQ
ORVPyGXORVUHVWDQWHV]RQDVGHSHVFDGH$JXD%ODQFD/DJR*UDQGH\+XDSDSLOOR\
]RQDVGH6DOD]DU9HQWXUD\6KDSDMD/RDQWHULRUWRWDOL]DFRFKDVVHLVRUJDQL]DFLRQHV
\SHVFDGRUHV
)LJXUD=RQDVGH0DQHMRGH3HVFDHQHO0HGLR\%DMR3XWXPD\R
3DUDODHYDOXDFLyQSREODFLRQDOGHSDLFKHVHXWLOL]yHOPpWRGRGHFHQVRSRU´SDUFHODµR
SRU´SDUDGDµHVWDEOHFLGRSRU&URVVD/DHYDOXDFLyQSREODFLRQDOGHDUDKXDQDVH
UHDOL]yPHGLDQWHODDSOLFDFLyQGHOPpWRGRHPStULFRGHFHQVRQRFWXUQRVR´OLQWHUQHRµTXH
VHUHDOL]DEDHQWUHODVSPDSP(OFRQWHRVHUHDOL]yPHGLDQWHODREVHUYDFLyQYLVXDO
GHORVHMHPSODUHVDGXOWRV\MXYHQLOHVGHWHFWDGRVPHGLDQWHODOXPLQRVLGDGGHVXVRMRV
Los censos se realizaron durante la temporada de verano entre los meses de agosto a
RFWXEUH
RESULTADOS
Los censos de paiche realizados entre el 2008 al 2011 muestran que en Cedro cocha no
VHUHJLVWUDURQHMHPSODUHVGHSDLFKHVLQHPEDUJRHQ7LJUHFRFKDFXHUSRGHDJXDTXH
IXHLQFRUSRUDGRHQODVHYDOXDFLRQHVSREODFLRQDOHVGHODxRVHUHJLVWUyODSUHVHQFLD
GHHMHPSODUHVDGXOWRV7DEOD/DDXVHQFLDGHHMHPSODUHVGHSDLFKHHQ&HGURFRFKD
HVWiUHODFLRQDGDDODFHUFDQtDD(O(VWUHFKR\HOIUHFXHQWHLQJUHVRGHSHVFDGRUHVHQ
FDPELRHQ7LJUHFRFKDDQWHHOSHGLGRGHORVSHVFDGRUHVORFDOHVTXHFRQRFtDQODSUHVHQFLDGHODHVSHFLHVHLQFRUSRUyHOPDQHMRGHHVWD]RQD
/DVHYDOXDFLRQHVUHDOL]DGDVHQFRFKD%RERQD\FRFKD%XIHRHQWUHDPXHVWUDQLQFUHPHQWRVSREODFLRQDOHVHQUHODFLyQDORUHSRUWDGRHODxR7DEODHQWUH
ODVUD]RQHVWHQHPRV/DOHMDQtDGHHVWRVODJRVUHVSHFWRDFHQWURVSREODGRVLPSRUWDQWHV\&RQVROLGDFLyQGHORVJUXSRVGHPDQHMRHQHOFRQWURO\YLJLODQFLD
3RUHOFRQWUDULRODHYDOXDFLyQSREODFLRQDOSDUDHOEDMRUtR3XWXPD\RLQGLFDXQDGLVPLQXFLyQFRQVLGHUDEOHHQUHODFLyQDORUHJLVWUDGRHO7DEODGHELGRSUREDEOHPHQWH
D(OHIHFWRPLJUDWRULRGHODHVSHFLHFXDQGRODFRFKDEDMDVXQLYHOGHDJXDODHVSHFLHVDOHKDFLDORVFDXFHVSULQFLSDOHVGHOUtR3XWXPD\RRDODVTXHEUDGDVSURIXQGDV
/RVJUXSRVGHPDQHMRVREUHHVWLPDURQORVFRQWHRVGHHVWDHVSHFLH\/DSUHVHQFLD
GHSHVFDGRUHVLOHJDOHVTXHGLVPLQX\yODVSREODFLRQHV
7DEOD&HQVRVSREODFLRQDOHVGHArapaima gigasHQHOPHGLRUtR3XWXPD\RHQWUH
D-MXYHQLO$DGXOWR
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
7DEOD&HQVRVSREODFLRQDOHVGHArapaima gigasHQHOEDMRUtR3XWXPD\RHQWUH
D-MXYHQLO$DGXOWR
De otro lado, las evaluaciones de arahuana realizadas entre 2008 a 2011 en CedroFRFKD%RERQD\%XIHRLQGLFDQLQFUHPHQWRVSREODFLRQDOHVLPSRUWDQWHVFRQUHVSHFWR
DODxRFRPRUHVXOWDGRGH&XPSOLPLHQWRGHODVHVWUDWHJLDVGHPDQHMRGHOD
HVSHFLHGHÀQLGDVHQHOPDUFRGHOSURJUDPD\0HMRUDPLHQWRGHODPHWRGRORJtDHQOD
HMHFXFLyQGHORVFHQVRVHQODVFXDOHVVHLQFOX\yFXHUSRVGHDJXDDÁXHQWHVGHODFRFKD
SULQFLSDO7DEOD
'HQXHYRSDUDHOEDMRUtR3XWXPD\RHOUHVXOWDGRJOREDOREWHQLGRGXUDQWHHODxR
DOFDQ]y HMHPSODUHV FDQWLGDG PHQRU UHVSHFWR DO DxR TXH VH FRQWDELOL]y
HMHPSODUHVORTXHUHSUHVHQWyXQGHFUHPHQWRGHO7DEODODVUD]RQHVVRQ
EDVWDQWHVLPLODUHVDODVH[SOLFDGDVSDUDHOFDVRGHODHVSHFLHSDLFKH
3DUDHVWDEOHFHUODVFXRWDVGHDSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHSDLFKH\DUDKXDQDHQORVVHFWRUHV
PHGLR\EDMR3XWXPD\RVHWXYLHURQHQFXHQWDORVFHQVRVSREODFLRQDOHVUHDOL]DGRV\
ODVUHIHUHQFLDVGHUHJLVWURVGHH[WUDFFLyQGHODHVSHFLHHQFDGDVHFWRU$VtODVFRVDVOD
FXRWDGHSDLFKHDXWRUL]DGDSRUOD',5(352SDUDIXHGHHMHPSODUHVDGXOWRV
SHURVHFDSWXUDURQHMHPSODUHVTXHVLJQLÀFyXQH[FHGHQWHGHH[WUDFFLyQGHO
FLIUDFRQVLGHUDGDHQWpUPLQRVPDQHMDEOHVHQYLVWDTXHVHUHDOL]DURQFDSWXUDVHQ]RQDV
GHSHVFDIXHUDGHOSURJUDPD\HQFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHODJUDQH[WHQVLyQGHOD]RQD&RQ
EDVHHQORDQWHULRUSDUDVHKDSUHYLVWRSURSRQHUXQDFXRWDGHHMHPSODUHV
DGXOWRVHQHOPHGLR3XWXPD\R\HQHOEDMR3XWXPD\R
7DEOD&HQVRVSREODFLRQDOHVGHOsteoglossum bicirrhosumHQHOPHGLRUtR3XWXPD\R
HQWUHD-MXYHQLO$DGXOWR
7DEOD&HQVRVSREODFLRQDOHVGHOsteoglossum bicirrhosumHQHOEDMRUtR3XWXPD\R
HQWUHD-MXYHQLO$DGXOWR
/DFXRWDGHPDQHMR\DSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHDOHYLQHVGHDUDKXDQDSDUDHODxRIXH
GHDXWRUL]DGDSRUOD5HVROXFLyQ'LUHFWRUDO1ƒ*5/',5(352SDUD
ODVGLIHUHQWHV]RQDVGHSHVFDFRQVLGHUDGDVHQHO3URJUDPDGH0DQHMR3HVTXHURGHO
3XWXPD\R/DHYDOXDFLyQGHODHMHFXFLyQGHODVFXRWDVGXUDQWHHODxRDOFDQ]yD
XQLGDGHVVHJ~QUHJLVWURVGH',5(352ORTXHUHSUHVHQWyXQH[FHVR
GHH[WUDFFLyQGHXQLGDGHVHTXLYDOHQWHDOTXHRFXUULyHQGHWHUPLQDGDV
]RQDVGHSHVFDIXHUDGHOSURJUDPDVREUHSDVDQGRODVFXRWDVHVWDEOHFLGDV(VWDV]RQDVGHSHVFDIXHURQLQFRUSRUDGDVHQODVFXRWDVGHODxR
CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES
(O3URJUDPDGH0DQHMR3HVTXHURGHODVHVSHFLHV3DLFKH(Arapaima gigas) y Arahuana
(Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)HQORVVHFWRUHVPHGLR\EDMR3XWXPD\RKDPRVWUDGRUH
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
VXOWDGRVSRVLWLYRVGHDFXHUGRDORVREMHWLYRVSURSXHVWRVHQHOSURJUDPD/DVSREODFLRQHVGHSDLFKH\DUDKXDQDGHORVVHFWRUHVPHGLR\EDMR3XWXPD\RVHHQFXHQWUDQGHQWUR
GHXQHTXLOLEULRGLQiPLFRGHPDQHMRPRVWUDQGREXHQDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHFRQVHUYDFLyQ
/RVUHJLVWURVGHFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQLQGLFDQTXHHQHOVHFWRUEDMR3XWXPD\RVHPRYLOL]D
PD\RUSURGXFFLyQGHELRPDVDGHDPEDVHVSHFLHV3RU~OWLPRODVFRPXQLGDGHVORFDOHVKDQSDUWLFLSDGRDFWLYDPHQWHGXUDQWHHOSURFHVRGHPDQHMRGHODVHVSHFLHV\HQOD
implementación de las medidas de control y vigilancia de los recursos pesqueros en su
]RQDGHLQÁXHQFLD
&RQEDVHHQORDQWHULRUHVQHFHVDULRIRUWDOHFHUODVFDSDFLGDGHVGHORVSHVFDGRUHVHQ
PHWRGRORJtDVGHFHQVRSREODFLRQDOHVGHSDLFKH\DUDKXDQDDVtFRPRHQODVFRQVXOWDV
\ODFRQFHUWDFLyQSDUDHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWR\VHJXLPLHQWRGHODVFXRWDVGHH[WUDFFLyQGH
ODV HVSHFLHV ,JXDOPHQWH PHMRUDU ORV UHJLVWURV GH LQIRUPDFLyQ HVWDGtVWLFD SHVTXHUD
en especial de los productos de paiche y de alevines de arahuana con la participación
GHODVSREODFLRQHVORFDOHV(VIXQGDPHQWDOFRQWLQXDUFRQHOPRQLWRUHRGHODVFXRWDV
GHPDQHMR\DSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHODVHVSHFLHVFRQSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHODVFRPXQLGDGHV
SHVTXHUDVRUJDQL]DGDV\DXWRULGDGHVORFDOHV&RPRHOLPSOHPHQWDUXQSURJUDPDGH
LQYHVWLJDFLRQHVEiVLFDVSULRUL]DGDVGHODVHVSHFLHVHQDVSHFWRVGHUHSURGXFFLyQKDELWRVDOLPHQWLFLRV\FDSDFLGDGGHFDUJD
Finalmente, en necesario considerar implementar y evaluar un plan piloto de repoblaPLHQWRFRQSDLFKH\DUDKXDQDHQ&HGURFRFKDSDUDIXWXURVWUDEDMRV
REFERENCIAS
$OFiQWDUD )% 0DQHMR LQWHJUDO GH OD SHVFD (VWXGLR GH 3UHIDFWLELOLGDG 2($
Iquitos.
$ORQVR-&$JXGHOR(6DOD]DU&$$FRVWD/(0R\D/$1XxH]$YHOODQHGD
02UGHQDFLyQ\'HVDUUROORGHOD3HVFD\OD$FXLFXOWXUDHQOD)URQWHUD&RORPER
3HUXDQD(Q$JXGHOR($ORQVR-&0R\D/$(GV3HUVSHFWLYDVSDUDHORUGHQDPLHQWRGHODSHVFD\ODDFXLFXOWXUDHQHOÉUHDGH,QWHJUDFLyQ)URQWHUL]D&RORPER
3HUXDQDGHOUtR3XWXPD\R,QVWLWXWR$PD]yQLFRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtÀFDV6,1&+,
,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH'HVDUUROOR,1$'(SS
&URVVD0,QYHVWLJDFLyQSDUWLFLSDWLYDXQDH[SHULHQFLDSURPLVRULDSDUDHOVXEVLGLRGHSURJUDPDVGHPDQHMRGHSLUDUXF~$UDSDLPDJLJDV&XYLHUHQHO%DMR$PD]Rnas. Seminario Taller Internacional de paiche o pirarucú. Instituto de Investigaciones de
OD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD::)3HU~3S
&URVVD0(YDOXDFLyQGHDEXQGDQFLDGHSDLFKH$JLJDVHQOD5136DWUDYpV
GHPpWRGRVGHWUDQVHFWR\GHSDUFHODV,TXLWRVSS
',5(352/(VWDGtVWLFDSHVTXHUDHQOD5HJLyQ/RUHWRSHULRGR
',5(352/5HJLVWURVGH&HUWLÀFDGRVGH3URFHGHQFLDGH$UDKXDQDHQOD5Hgión Loreto, periodo 2001-2006.
*XHUUDHWDO0DQXDOGH3URGXFFLyQ\0DQHMRGHDOHYLQHVGHSDLFKH,,$3SS
,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH(VWDGtVWLFDH,QIRUPiWLFD,1(,'LUHFWRULRGH&HQWURV3REODGRVGHO'HSDUWDPHQWRGH/RUHWR
0HQD$9DOGHUUDPD0*XHUUD+,QIRUPHGHUHVXOWDGRVGHOSUR\HFWR7&3
RLA 2802 – Apoyo al Ordenamiento de la Pesca en el río Putumayo. Organización de
ODV1DFLRQHV8QLGDVSDUDOD$JULFXOWXUD\OD$OLPHQWDFLyQ²)$2S
3(',&3,QIRUPH)LQDO3UR\HFWR0DQHMR,QWHJUDOGH3HVFDVXEVHGH(O(VWUHFKR
Río Putumayo, 19 pp.
3(',&3,QIRUPH)LQDO3UR\HFWR0DQHMR,QWHJUDOGHSHVFDVXEVHGH+XDSDSD
Río Putumayo, 19 pp.
3(',&3',5(352/3URJUDPDGH0DQHMR3HVTXHURGHODVHVSHFLHV´3DLFKHµ
$UDSDLPD JLJDV \ ´$UDKXDQDµ 2VWHRJORVVXPELFLUUKRVXP HQ ORV VHFWRUHV PHGLR \
EDMR3XWXPD\RSS
3(',&3,QIRUPHGHHYDOXDFLyQGHODVFXRWDVGHPDQHMR\DSURYHFKDPLHQWRGH
SDLFKHHQORVVHFWRUHVPHGLR\EDMR3XWXPD\RDxR\SURSXHVWDGHFXRWDVSDUD
HODxRSS
6,1&+,,1$'($VSHFWRVVRFLRHFRQyPLFRVELROyJLFRSHVTXHUR\DPELHQWDO
UHODFLRQDGRVFRQODSHVFD\ODDFXLFXOWXUDHQHOHMHIURQWHUL]R3HU~&RORPELDGHOUtR
3XWXPD\R,QIRUPHGHDYDQFHGHUHVXOWDGRVGHOSUR\HFWR%LQDFLRQDO0DQHMR,QWHJUDO
GHOD3HVFD33&3,1$'(3HU~,QVWLWXWR6,1&+,&RORPELD/HWLFLD,TXLWRVSS
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
CONOCIENDO Y VALORANDO NUESTROS RECURSOS AMAZÓNICOS A TRAVÉS DE LAS TIC´S: Arapaima gigas
/LF (GXF -RVp /LVELQLR &UX] *XLPDUDHV 0J1, Lic. Educ. Melba Rocío Correa Tang
0J3URI6D~O$OH[DQGHU3LQHGR)ORU2%OJR.HPEHU0HMtD&DUKXDQFD2, Est. Mónica
Paola García Córdova3
&ROHJLR3DUURTXLDO´1XHVWUD6HxRUDGHOD6DOXGµ
2 Educación Ambiental. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana
3 Estudiante de Ingeniería Ambiental. Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana
INTRODUCCIÓN
&RQODOOHJDGDGHODVWHFQRORJtDVHOpQIDVLVGHODSURIHVLyQGRFHQWHHVWiFDPELDQGR
GHVGHXQHQIRTXHFHQWUDGRHQHOSURIHVRUTXHVHEDVDHQSUiFWLFDVDOUHGHGRUGHOSL]DUUyQ\HOGLVFXUVRHVWUXFWXUDGRSRUFKDUODVPDJLVWUDOHVKDFLDXQDIRUPDFLyQFHQWUDGD
SULQFLSDOPHQWHHQHODOXPQRGHQWURGHXQHQWRUQRLQWHUDFWLYRGHDSUHQGL]DMH81(6&2
(QHVHVHQWLGRODV7,&6MXHJDQXQUROLPSRUWDQWHDOSURYHHUDORVHVWXGLDQWHVLQIRUPDFLyQ\FRQRFLPLHQWRVQHFHVDULRVSDUDHOSURFHVRGHHQVHxDQ]DDSUHQGL]DMHHQHO
PDUFRGHORVREMHWLYRVHVWUDWpJLFRVTXHDSXQWDQDPHMRUDUODFDOLGDGGHODHGXFDFLyQ
SRUPHGLRGHODGLYHUVLÀFDFLyQGHFRQWHQLGRV\PpWRGRVSURPRYHUODH[SHULPHQWDFLyQ
ODLQQRYDFLyQODGLIXVLyQ\HOXVRFRPSDUWLGRGHLQIRUPDFLyQ\GHEXHQDVSUiFWLFDV
(VLPSRUWDQWHGHVWDFDUTXHODV7,&6RIUHFHQODSRVLELOLGDGGHSURSRUFLRQDUDPELHQWHV
LQWHOLJHQWHVGHLQWHUDFFLyQSURPRYLHQGRHQORVHVWXGLDQWHVHOGHMDUHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWR
SDVLYRDXQDDFWLWXGFRQVWDQWH3RURWURODGRLQFUHPHQWDODSRVLELOLGDGTXHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHVDUUROOHQVXVWDUHDV\WHQJDQLQLFLDWLYDVKDFLDWRPDU´SHTXHxDVµGHFLVLRQHV
DÀOWUDULQIRUPDFLyQDHVFRJHU\VHOHFFLRQDUXWLOL]DUDSOLFDFLRQHVLQWHUDFWLYDVSDUDVX
SURSLRDSUHQGL]DMH
7RGRVHVWRVFDPELRVSURSLFLDQQXHYDVIRUPDVGHYLGDGHSURGXFFLyQ\GHWUDEDMROR
FXDOGHPDQGDTXHODV,QVWLWXFLRQHV(GXFDWLYDVHQWRGRVORVQLYHOHV\HVSHFLDOPHQWH
HOSULPDULR\VHFXQGDULRRULHQWHQVXVSURSyVLWRVDODIRUPDFLyQGHSHUVRQDVLQWHJUDOPHQWHGHVDUUROODGDV,QGLYLGXRVFUHDWLYRVFRQKDELOLGDGHVSDUDHQIUHQWDUORVGHVDItRV
HPHUJHQWHVGHODJOREDOL]DFLyQ\SDUDSDUWLFLSDUGHIRUPDLQQRYDGRUDHQODVROXFLyQGH
ORVSUREOHPDVVRFLDOHV\SURGXFWLYRV
3DUDTXHHOXVRGHODV7,&6IDYRUH]FDDOSURFHVRHQVHxDQ]DDSUHQGL]DMHHVHVHQFLDO
TXHWDQWRORVIXWXURVGRFHQWHVFRPRORVGRFHQWHVHQDFWLYLGDGVHSDQXWLOL]DUHVWDVKHUUDPLHQWDV3RUHVWDUD]yQHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLRHVWiUHIHULGRDOPDWHULDOHGXFDWLYRDSOLFDGRDHVWXGLDQWHVGHOQLYHOVHFXQGDULRGHƒDƒJUDGRGHGRV,QVWLWXFLRQHV(GXFDWLYDVGHODUHJLyQ/RUHWR3HU~SURPRYLHQGRHOXVRGHODV7,&6FRQWHPDVUHODFLRQDGRV
DORVUHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHVDPD]yQLFRVORTXHFRQWULEX\HDLQQRYDUHOFXUUtFXORHGXFDWLYR
UHJLRQDOHQEDVHDODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHV\DIDFLOLWDUODODERUSHGDJyJLFD
DOVHUXQPDWHULDOVHQFLOOR\GLQiPLFR
&RQODÀQDOLGDGGHHQULTXHFHUORVFRQRFLPLHQWRVGHQXHVWUDELRGLYHUVLGDGDPD]yQLFD
VH KD HODERUDGR XQ PDWHULDO LQWHUDFWLYR VREUH HO ´*LJDQWH GHO$PD]RQDVµ HO SDLFKH
Arapaima gigas SRU VHU HO SH] PiV JUDQGH GH DJXD GXOFH \ GH VLQJXODU LPSRUWDQcia para la población amazónica, siendo importante conocerlo, conservarlo, valorarlo
\DSURYHFKDUORGHPDQHUDVRVWHQLEOHWDOFRPRORUHÀHUHOD5HVROXFLyQ0LQLVWHULDO1ƒ
3(TXHHVWDEOHFHHOSHUtRGRFRPSUHQGLGRHQWUHORVPHVHVGHPDU]R\VHWLHPEUH FRPR OD WHPSRUDGD DQXDO GH SHVFD GHO UHFXUVR ´SDLFKHµ HQ ORV FXHUSRV GH
DJXDS~EOLFRVGHOSDtVDH[FHSFLyQGHORVGHODFXHQFDKLGURJUiÀFDGHOUtR3XWXPD\R
TXHGDQGRSURKLELGDODH[WUDFFLyQGHGLFKDHVSHFLHGHVGHHOGHRFWXEUHGHFDGDDxR
KDVWDHOGHIHEUHURGHODxRVLJXLHQWH
&RQODHODERUDFLyQGHHVWHPDWHULDOSRGHPRVHODERUDUPXFKRVPiVHQGLIHUHQWHViUHDV
FXUULFXODUHVGHHVWDPDQHUDHVWDUtDPRVLQYROXFUiQGRQRVHQHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHODVGHmandas educativas que plantean el mundo moderno y la globalización, los avances de
ODFLHQFLD\ODWHFQRORJtDODFRPSUHQVLyQGHOPHGLRQDWXUDO\VXGLYHUVLGDGODSURPRFLyQGHODVHJXULGDGDOLPHQWDULD\ODQXWULFLyQDVtFRPRHOGHVDUUROORGHXQDFRQFLHQFLD
ambiental orientada a la gestión de riesgos y el uso racional de los recursos naturales,
HQHOPDUFRGHXQDPRGHUQDFLXGDGDQtDson prioridades que se sustentan en los propósitos de la Educación y las Políticas de Estado del Perú al 2021.(PEN 2010)
Desde esta perspectiva, es importante que los planes y programas de estudio se actuaOLFHQDFRUGHFRQODVGHPDQGDVGHODVRFLHGDGDFWXDO\IXWXUDORFXDOLPSOLFDUHGLVHxDUORVEDMRHOHQIRTXHGHXQPRGHORHGXFDWLYRSRUFRPSHWHQFLDVFHQWUDGDVHQHODSUHQGL]DMHLQWHUDFWLYRDSDUWLUGHDVSHFWRVVRFLDOHV\DPELHQWDOHVYLQFXODGRVDOFXLGDGRGH
ODVDOXG\VXUHODFLyQFRQHOGHVDUUROORWHFQROyJLFRTXHSURPXHYDODIRUPDFLyQLQWHJUDO
SHUWLQHQWHGHOHVWXGLDQWHIUHQWHDORVFDPELRVDFHOHUDGRVGHOFRQWH[WRJOREDO
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
6HUHFRSLOyLQIRUPDFLyQELEOLRJUiÀFDVREUH$UDSDLPDJLJDVEXVFDQGRHVWUDWHJLDVSDUD
DGHFXDUORDODUHDOLGDGGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHODUHJLyQ/RUHWR3HU~(VWDLQIRUPDFLyQ
IXH SURFHVDGD HQ ORV SURJUDPDV 'UHDPZHDYHU 0DFURPHGLD )ODVK \ )LUHZRUNV HO
TXHIXHGLVHxDGRHQIRUPDWRGHSiJLQDZHEFRQODVVLJXLHQWHVRSFLRQHVLQWURGXFFLyQ
KLVWRULDGHVFULSFLyQWD[RQRPtDQRPEUHVSRSXODUHVPRUIRORJtDKiELWDWGLVWULEXFLyQ
JHRJUiÀFDUHSURGXFFLyQFRQVHUYDFLyQLQIRUPDFLyQQXWULFLRQDOJDVWURQRPtD¢VDEtDV
TXp"DFWLYLGDGHV\FUpGLWRV
3DUDODHYDOXDFLyQVHXWLOL]yHOSURJUDPD(',/,0YHMHFXWDEOHFRQVWDGHDFWLYLGDGHVSDUDORVHVWXGLDQWHVFRPRURPSHFDEH]DVSODQWHiQGRVHODUHFRQVWUXFFLyQGH
XQDLQIRUPDFLyQGHVRUGHQDGDODTXHSXHGHVHUJUiÀFDWH[WXDOVRQRUDRFRPELQDUDVSHFWRVJUiÀFRV\DXGLWLYRVDOPLVPRWLHPSRDVRFLDFLRQHVTXHSUHWHQGHQTXHHOXVXDULR
GHVFXEUDODVUHODFLRQHVH[LVWHQWHVHQWUHGRVFRQMXQWRVGHLQIRUPDFLyQVRSDVGHOHWUDV
FRQYDULDQWHVLQWHUDFWLYDVGHORVFRQRFLGRVSDVDWLHPSRVGHSDODEUDVHVFRQGLGDV
El material educativo contiene actividades de evaluación de: rompecabezas, arrastrar
WH[WRVVRSDGHOHWUDVFRPSOHWDUSUHJXQWDVFODVLÀFDUWH[WRVHWLTXHWDVUHVSXHVWDP~OWLSOHHLGHQWLÀFDULPiJHQHV
(OSUHVHQWHWUDEDMRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQFRUUHVSRQGHDOQLYHOGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQH[SHULPHQWDO
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
\WLSRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQDSOLFDGDHVGHFLUDTXHOODTXHSHUPLWHDSOLFDUHOVRIWZDUHHGXFDWLYR´(O*LJDQWHGHO$PD]RQDVSDLFKH$UDSDLPDJLJDVµSDUDPHMRUDUHODSUHQGL]DMHGHO
iUHDGH&LHQFLD7HFQRORJtD\$PELHQWHHQODV,QVWLWXFLRQHV(GXFDWLYDV0DULVFDO2VFDU
5%HQDYLGHV\&ROHJLR3DUURTXLDO´1XHVWUD6HxRUDGHOD6DOXGµ²,TXLWRV²
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
(OPDWHULDOHGXFDWLYRVHDSOLFyHQGRV,QVWLWXFLRQHV(GXFDWLYDVOD,(,360´0DULVFDO
2VFDU5%HQDYLGHVµ\OD,(3DUURTXLDO´1XHVWUD6HxRUDGHOD6DOXGµFRQHVWXGLDQWHV
GHOžDOžJUDGRGHQLYHOVHFXQGDULRGRQGHSDUWLFLSDURQXQSURPHGLRGHHVWXGLDQWHV
$QWHVGHDSOLFDUHOPDWHULDOLQWHUDFWLYRVHUHDOL]yXQDHQFXHVWDDXQGHHVWXGLDQWHV
GHODVGRV,QVWLWXFLRQHV(GXFDWLYDV7DEODFRQODÀQDOLGDGGHREWHQHULQIRUPDFLyQ
VREUHODVSRWHQFLDOLGDGHV\OLPLWDFLRQHVGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVUHVSHFWRDOXVRGHODV7,&VHQHOSURFHVRGHHQVHxDQ]DDSUHQGL]DMH\HOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODHVSHFLHREWHQLpQGRVHORVVLJXLHQWHVUHVXOWDGRV
‡
‡
(QOD,(,360´0DULVFDO2VFDU5%HQDYLGHVµXQGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVQRKDFHQXVRGHODV7,&SHVHDFRQWDUFRQXQ$XODGH,QQRYDFLyQ3HGDJyJLFD6DODGH
&yPSXWR8QVLWLHQHQFRQRFLPLHQWRVREUHODHVSHFLHGHELGRDTXHFXHQWDQ
con un estanque para la crianza del Arapaima gigas, dentro del Área Educación
SDUDHO7UDEDMRHOTXHFXHQWDFRQDVLVWHQFLDWpFQLFDGHO,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVGHOD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD,,$3
(QOD,(3DUURTXLDO´1XHVWUD6HxRUDGHOD6DOXGµXQGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVWLHQHQ
EXHQ FRQRFLPLHQWR VREUH ODV 7,& DO XVDU IUHFXHQWHPHQWH HO$XOD GH ,QQRYDFLyQ
3HGDJyJLFD8QWLHQHQFRQRFLPLHQWRVREUHODHVSHFLH
'HVSXpVGHREWHQHUORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODHQFXHVWDFRPROtQHDEDVHVHDSOLFyHOPDWHULDOLQWHUDFWLYRORJUDQGRUHVXOWDGRVSRVLWLYRVDOÀQDOL]DUHOSURJUDPD7DEOD
‡
‡
(QOD,(3DUURTXLDO´1XHVWUD6HxRUDGHOD6DOXGµVHREWXYRXQGHDFHSWDción del material por parte de los estudiantes y docentes, debido a que el material
PXOWLPHGLDUHVXOWDPX\DWUDFWLYRSDUDHOORVHQWUHVXVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVSULQFLSDOHVVH
HQFXHQWUDODPXOWLPRGDOLGDGGHOHQJXDMHV\ODLQWHUDFWLYLGDG6LVXXVRVHFRPELQD
FRQXQDEXHQDRULHQWDFLyQ\RWURVUHFXUVRVSXHGHQIDYRUHFHUORVSURFHVRVGHHQVHxDQ]D\DSUHQGL]DMHJUXSDOHVHLQGLYLGXDOHV
(QOD,(,360´0DULVFDO2VFDU5%HQDYLGHVµVHREWXYRXQGHDFHSWDFLyQ
GHOPDWHULDOSRUSDUWHGHORVHVWXGLDQWHVSRUORDWUDFWLYR\O~GLFRGHOPDWHULDOLQWHUDFWLYRSHVHDQRHVWDUPX\IDPLOLDUL]DGRVFRQHOXVRGHORV7,&6XQGH
HVWXGLDQWHVPRVWUDURQLQVHJXULGDGDOXVDUORVUHFXUVRVLQIRUPiWLFRVGHELGRDTXH
QRHVWiQIDPLOLDUL]DGRVFRQHOHQWRUQRLQIRUPiWLFRSRUORTXHQRVHSXGRDSUHFLDU
HOGHVDUUROORGHODVDFWLYLGDGHVHQIRUPDVDWLVIDFWRULD2WURIDFWRUTXHSUHGRPLQDHQ
HVWD,(HVODIDOWDGHLQWHUpVGHORVGRFHQWHVFRQUHVSHFWRDODLQIRUPiWLFD
7DEOD(QFXHVWDUHDOL]DGDDOGHODSREODFLyQ
&RPRHQWRGRSURFHVRGHHQVHxDQ]D²DSUHQGL]DMHFRQVLGHUDPRVTXHODLQWHJUDFLyQ
GHODV7,&6DOFXUUtFXORHGXFDWLYRHVXQSURFHVRJUDGXDOTXHGHSHQGHGHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHPXFKDVYDULDEOHVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQFXDWURIDFWRUHVUHFXUVRVWHFQROyJLFRV
SURSLDPHQWH GLFKRV KDUGZDUH \ VRIWZDUH ÀORVRItD SHGDJyJLFD \ OD FRPSHWHQFLD
WHFQROyJLFDGHORVHGXFDGRUHVGLVSRQLELOLGDG\FRUUHFWDXWLOL]DFLyQGHORVFRQWHQLGRV
GLJLWDOHV DSURSLDGRV \ DSR\R DGPLQLVWUDWLYR SHGDJyJLFR \ WpFQLFR TXH RIUHFH OD
LQVWLWXFLyQHGXFDWLYD(QODVRFLHGDGGHODLQIRUPDFLyQHOREMHWLYRIXQGDPHQWDOGHOD
educación es el de posibilitar que el estudiante sea capaz de construir su propio proceVRGHDSUHQGL]DMH(GXWHND
7DEOD$FHSWDFLyQGHOPDWHULDOHGXFDWLYR
REFERENCIAS
$OFiQWDUD)$YDQFHVHQODLQYHVWLJDFLyQGHOUHFXUVRSDLFKH
$OFiQWDUD%)HUQDQGR&XOWLYRGHSDLFKH$UDSDLPDJLJDVXWLOL]DQGREXMXUTXL&Lchlassoma bimaculatum como presa.
%,275$'( )$&,/,7$7,21 352*5$00( &RPHUFLR VRVWHQLEOH GH$UDSDLPD
gigas en la región amazónica.
('87(.$8Q0RGHOR3DUD,QWHJUDU7LFVHQHO&XUUtFXOR
*DUFtD&DUPHQ*HQpWLFDPROHFXODU\VXDSOLFDFLyQDOHVWXGLRGHOSDLFKH$UDSDLma gigas en la Amazonía Peruana.
Ministerio de Educación. 2010. Proyecto Educativo Nacional. Resolución Ministerial N°
215_2001_PE
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
3521$785$/(=$²3ODQGHPDQHMRGH$UDSDLPDJLJDV´SDLFKHµHQOD
FRFKD(O'RUDGRFXHQFD<DQD\DFX3XFDWH²5136
UNESCO. 2004. Las tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en la formación
GRFHQWH8UXJXD\(GLFLRQHV7ULOFH
HERMAFRODITISMO Y CONTROL DEL
SEXO EN Apistogramma bitaeniata (PELLEGRIN,1936)
-HV~V 1XxH] 1,2 &DWDOLQD 'tD] .DU\ 5RTXH 3 )LORPHQD )DUIDQ 3 -HDQ)UDQoRLV
Renno 1,2, Susana Sirvas 1,3)DEULFH'XSRQFKHOOH1,2
/DERUDWRULR0L[WR,QWHUQDFLRQDO²(YROXFLyQ\'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHOD,FWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD/0,(',$
,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW,5'805,6(0,QVWLWXWGHV6FLHQFHVGHO·(YROXWLRQGH0RQWSHOOLHU8QLYHUVLWp0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFH
/DERUDWRULRGH$FXDULVWLFD)DFXOWDGGH2FHDQRJUDItD3HVTXHUtD&LHQFLDV$OLPHQWDULDV\$FXLFXOWXUD)23&$8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO)HGHULFR9LOODUUHDO81)90LUDÁRres, Lima, Perú.
INTRODUCCIÓN
/RV$SLVWRJUDPDVLQWHJUDQODOLVWDGHHVSHFtPHQHVTXHVHH[WUDHQFDVLH[FOXVLYDPHQWH
del medio natural y se comercializan tanto al mercado nacional como internacional,
VLHQGRHVWH~OWLPRTXLHQPiVORVGHPDQGDSRUVXJUDQYDULHGDGGHFRORUHV&yPRHQ
RWURVFtFOLGRVODGLIHUHQFLDFLyQVH[XDOHQ$SLVWRJUDPDVVHIXQGDPHQWDHQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVH[WHUQDV5|PHU$VtORVPDFKRVDGXOWRVVRQGHPD\RUWDPDxRPiVFRORULGRV\WLHQHQDOHWDVPiVGHVDUUROODGDVTXHODVKHPEUDV/DVDOHWDVGRUVDO\DQDOVRQ
PiVDODUJDGDVPLHQWUDVTXHHQODVKHPEUDVVRQPiVSHTXHxDV\UHGRQGHDGDV(VWRV
FDUDFWHUHVIHQRWtSLFRVVRQSDUWLFXODUPHQWHQRWRULRVHQODVHVSHFLHVFRQVH[RVVHSDUDGRVJRQRFyULFDV\VRQORVTXHVHWLHQHQHQFXHQWDSDUDODGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHOVH[R
6LQHPEDUJRIUHQWHDORGHVFULWRDQWHULRUPHQWHSXHGHGDUVHODRFXUUHQFLDGHDPERV
yUJDQRVVH[XDOHVHQXQVRORLQGLYLGXRORTXHVHGHQRPLQDKHUPDIURGLWLVPR(QHVWH
FDVRORVLQGLYLGXRVSURGXFHQDPERVJDPHWRVIXQFLRQDOHVHVSHUPDWR]RLGHV\yYXORV
\DVHDDOPLVPRWLHPSRKHUPDIURGLWLVPRVLPXOWiQHRRVLQFUyQLFRRHQSHULRGRVGLIHUHQWHVGHOFLFORGHYLGDKHUPDIURGLWLVPRFRQVHUYDGRURVHFXHQFLDO/DFDGHQD
En algunos casos como ocurre en la dorada (Sparus aurataHOWHVWtFXORDSDUHFHSULmero (protandria) y en otros sucede lo contrario, como en el mero (Epinephelus guaza)
GRQGH HO RYDULR DSDUHFH SULPHUR SURWHURJLQtD (Q SHFHV VH KDQ GHVFULWR WRGRV ORV
WLSRVGHKHUPDIURGLWLVPR(VWDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHFRQVLGHUDFRPRXQDGHODVOLPLWDQWHV
SDUDHOFXOWLYRFRPHUFLDOGHXQDQXHYDHVSHFLHHOFRQRFLPLHQWR\FRQWUROGHODELRORJtD
UHSURGXFWLYD \ ORV SUREOHPDV R GLVIXQFLRQHV TXH HQ HOOD DFRQWHFHQ VRQ OD EDVH GH
VXVWHQWDFLyQSDUDORVSURJUDPDVSURGXFWLYRV=RKDU0\ORQDV'HORUHIHULGR
HOSUHVHQWHWUDEDMRSUHWHQGHFRQWULEXLUDOHVWXGLRGHOKHUPDIURGLWLVPRHQ$SLVWRJUDPPD
ELWDHQLDWD\HVWDEOHFHUVXHVWDWXVVH[XDO
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
6HWUDEDMyFRQ$bitaeniata, colectada entre octubre y noviembre del 2008 y octubre del
HQFXHUSRVGHDJXDVRPHURVGHFLQFROXJDUHVGHOD&XHQFDGHO5tR1DQD\'HSDUWDPHQWRGH/RUHWRSURYLQFLDGH0D\QDVSUy[LPRVDODFLXGDGGH,TXLWRV/RVGLIHUHQWHVSXQWRVGHPXHVWUHRIXHURQ4XHEUDGD0DSDFRFKDµ6·Ž
:4XHEUDGD6KXVKXQDµ6·µ:&DxR&KDOOXDµ6
100
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
·µ : &DxR 1XHYR /RUHWR ·µ6 ·µ: \$XFDFRFKD
Los peces se embalaron individualmente en bolsas de polipropileno con agua tratada y
R[tJHQRTXHIXHURQVHOODGDVKHUPpWLFDPHQWHDOFDORUODVTXHVHDFRPRGDURQHQFDMDV
GH FDUWyQ DLVODGDV FRQ SODFDV GH SROLHVWLUHQR H[SDQGLGR WHFQRSRU SDUD VX WUDVODGR
YtDDpUHDDODFLXGDGGH/LPD(QHOODERUDWRULRGH$FXDUtVWLFDGHODIDFXOWDGGH2FHDQRJUDItD 3HVTXHUtD &LHQFLDV$OLPHQWDULDV \$FXLFXOWXUD GH OD 8QLYHUVLGDG 1DFLRQDO
)HGHULFR9LOODUUHDOVHUHFLELHURQORVSHFHV\VHDJUXSDURQVHJ~QSURFHGHQFLDUDQJR
GHWDPDxRV\VH[RHQDFXDULRVGHOLWURVFRQDJXDUHSRVDGDWHPSHUDGD\DLUHDFLyQ
FRQVWDQWH3DUDHOWUDEDMRVHIXHURQH[WUD\HQGRORVSHFHVXQRDXQR\FRORFDQGRHQ
XQUHFLSLHQWHGHYLGULRFRQVROXFLyQDQHVWpVLFDGH(XJHQRODFHLWHGHFODYRGHRORU
ѥOHQPOGHDJXD/RVSHFHVDQHVWHVLDGRVVHFRORFDURQHQODFRQJHODGRUDSRU
GLH]PLQXWRVDÀQGHVDFULÀFDUORVSRUKLSRWHUPLDORJUDQGRDVXYH]TXHHVWRVWHQJDQ
ODVDOHWDVWRWDOPHQWHGHVSOHJDGDVPRVWUDQGRDSOHQLWXGVXVFRORUHV5|PHU+DKQ
(O VH[R VH GHWHUPLQy WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD ORV FDUDFWHUHV IHQRWtSLFRV GHVFULWRV
SRU5|PHUWRGRVORVHVSHFtPHQHVIXHURQFRGLÀFDGRVIRWRJUDÀDGRV\WDPELpQ
VHUHJLVWUyVXORQJLWXGWRWDO$FRQWLQXDFLyQVHUHDOL]yXQFRUWHORQJLWXGLQDOHQOD]RQD
YHQWUDOGHVGHHOLVWPREUDQTXLDOKDVWDODDEHUWXUDDQDOSDUDH[WUDHUODVJyQDGDVHVWDVVHHQMXDJDURQFRQDJXDGHVWLODGD\SUHVHUYDURQFRQVROXFLyQGH%RXLQHQIUDVFRV
GH YLGULR FRGLÀFDGRV /DV PXHVWUDV IXHURQ WUDWDGDV VHJ~Q HO SURWRFROR GH KLVWRORJtD
FOiVLFD\ORVFRUWHVKLVWROyJLFRVGHѥPIXHURQWHxLGRVFRQKHPDWR[LOLQDHRVLQD/DV
REVHUYDFLRQHVVHUHDOL]DURQFRQXQPLFURVFRSLR7ULQRFXODU/HLFDFRQRFXODUHV;\
REMHWLYRV;;;;;\XQDFiPDUDGLJLWDO&DQRQGH0St[HOHV
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
'HODVPXHVWUDVDQDOL]DGDVKLVWROyJLFDPHQWHHOFRUUHVSRQGLHURQDKHPEUDV
IHQRWtSLFDV\DPDFKRVIHQRWtSLFRV(QWRGDVODVPXHVWUDVKLVWROyJLFDVSURYHQLHQWHVGHKHPEUDVQRVHREVHUYySUHVHQFLDGHWHMLGRWHVWLFXODU/DKLVWRORJtDHYLGHQFLyOD
SUHVHQFLDGHRYRFLWRVHQGLIHUHQWHVHVWDGLRVVHJ~QHOHVWDGRGHPDGXUH]GHODKHPEUD)LJXUDDE
(QODVPXHVWUDVSURYHQLHQWHVGHJyQDGDVGHPDFKRVWRGDVHYLGHQFLDQKHUPDIURGLWLVPRH[LVWLHQGRSUHVHQFLDGHRYRFLWRVSUHYLWHORJpQLFRVHQXQD]RQDSUHIHUHQFLDOPHQWH
SHULIpULFDURGHDQGRORVOyEXORVWHVWLFXODUHV)LJXUD
Figura1. D2YDULRGHKHPEUDLQPDGXUDERYDULRGHKHPEUDPDGXUD
101
Figura 2. 7HVWtFXOR´KHUPDIURGLWDµFRQSUHVHQFLDGHRYRFLWRVSUHYLWHORJHQLFRVXELFDGRV
SULQFLSDOPHQWHHQODSHULIHULDURGHDQGRORVOyEXORVWDPDxRPi[LPRGHRYRFLWRVѥP
6HSXHGHREVHUYDUGLIHUHQWHVHVWDGLRVGHGHVDUUROORGHHVSHUPDWRJpQHVLV)LJXUD
1RVHKDHQFRQWUDGRRYRFLWRVHQHVWDGLRVGHYLWHORJpQHVLVSUHFR]QLDYDQ]DGD
Figura 3.'LIHUHQWHVHVWDGLRVGHGHVDUUROORGHODHVSHUPDWRJpQHVLVD9LVWDJHQHUDO
GHODSHULIHULDGHXQWHVWtFXOR´KHUPDIURGLWDµEGHWDOOHGHOGHVDUUROORGHORVHVWDGLRV
GHHVSHUPDWRJpQHVLVHQYDULRVOyEXORVGHOWHVWtFXOR(J(VSHUPDWRJRQLD(F,(VSHUPDWRFLWRV,(F,,(VSHUPDWRFLWRV,,(]HVSHUPDWR]RLGHV2FRYRFLWR
7RGDVODVPXHVWUDVGHPDFKRVHYLGHQFLDQTXHODJyQDGDHVWiIXQFLRQDQGRFRPRXQ
WHVWtFXOR QRUPDO /D SUHVHQFLD GH RYRFLWRV SUHYLWHORJpQLFRV HQ HVWRV PDFKRV SRGUtD
VHUFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRXQDUHPDQHQFLDGHVGHODGLIHUHQFLDFLyQVH[XDOTXHLQLFLDOPHQWH
SRGUtDVHUGHWLSRKHPEUD\OXHJRGLIHUHQFLDUVHVHJ~QIDFWRUHVD~QQRGHWHUPLQDGRV
HQPDFKRVFRQUHVWRVGHRYRFLWRVSUHYLWHORJpQLFRVRGHVDUUROODUXQRYDULRQRUPDOFRQ
VyORRYRFLWRVSUHVHQWHV
102
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
5HVSHFWRDOHVWDWXVVH[XDOQXHVWURVUHVXOWDGRVVXJLHUHQXQGHWHUPLQLVPRVH[XDOHQ
$ELWDHQLDWDGHORVOXJDUHVPXHVWUHDGRVSRGUtDVHUFRQVLGHUDGRGHWLSRSURWHURJLQtFR
IXQFLRQDO (VWRV GDWRV FRUURERUDQ ORV UHSRUWDGRV SRU 3UDGR 9DOODGDUHV TXLHQ
VXJLHUHKHUPDIURGLWLVPRGHWLSRSURWHURJLQtFRSDUD$ELWDHQLDWDFDSWXUDGRVHQ%UDVLO
REFERENCIAS
/DFDGHQD-3URWRJLQLD\SURWDQGULDGHWHUPLQLVPRJHQpWLFR\GLIHUHQFLDFLyQVH[XDO(Q%RWHOOD-)HUQiQGH]$HG/D(YROXFLyQGHOD6H[XDOLGDG\/RV(VWDGRV
,QWHUVH[XDOHVSS(GLFLRQHV'tD]GH6DQWRV6$0DGULGS
3UDGR 9DOODGDUHV$ %LRORJLD UHSURGXFWLYD GH FLQFR HVSpFLHV RUQDPHQWDLV GH
$SLVWRJUDPPD 7HOHRVWHL&LFKOLGDH GD UHVHUYD GH GHVHQYROYLPLHQWR VXVWHQWiYHO
DPDQm$PD]RQDV,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDO'H3HVTXLVDV'D$PD]{QLD,13$
5|PHU8&LFKOLG$WODV1DWXUDOKLVWRU\RIQHRWURSLFDO'ZDUI&LFKOLGV9ROXPH
²0HUJXV3XEOLVKHUV0HOOHSS
5|PHU8+DKQ,QJR$SLVWRJUDPDEDUORZLVSQ'HVFULSWLRQRIDQHZIDFXOWDWLYHPRXWKEUHHGLQJFLFKOLGVSHFLHV7HOHRVWHLSHUFLIRUPHV*HRSKDJLQDHIURP1RUWKHUQ
Peru. Vertebrate zoology 58(1).
=RKDU<&&0\ORQDV(QGRFULQHPDQLSXODWLRQVRIVSDZQLQJLQFXOWXUHGÀVKIURP
hormones to genes. Aquaculture 197, 99-136
103
ESPERMATOGÉNESIS Y OOGÉNESIS DE LA CUCHA VERDE AMARILLA (Hemiancistrus subviridis) CAPTURADA EN INÍRIDA, GUAINÍA
Moreno, Paola1 y Landines, Miguel Angel2
8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD6HGH$PD]RQDVDOHSDRBPRUHQR#KRWPDLOFRP
8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD6HGH%RJRWiPDODQGLQH]S#XQDOHGXFR
INTRODUCCIÓN
/D UHJLyQ GH ,QtULGD HV UHFRQRFLGD FRPR XQR GH ORV OXJDUHV GH PD\RU LPSRUWDQFLD
HQHOPHUFDGRGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHV5DPtUH]²*LO\$MLDFR²0DUWtQH]\DTXH
GHELGRDVXVFRQGLFLRQHVELRJHRJUiÀFDVFXHQWDFRQXQDYDVWDUHGKLGURJUiÀFDFRQIRUPDGDSRUUtRVTXHEUDGDVFDxRV\ODJRVFDGDXQRFRQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVDPELHQWDOHV
GLIHUHQWHV TXH SHUPLWHQ HVWDEOHFHU XQD DPSOLD YDULHGDG GH QLFKRV HFROyJLFRV TXH
HQFLHUUDQXQJUDQSRWHQFLDOSHVTXHUR&DVWUR
Hemiancistris subviridis o cucha verde amarilla es una de especie de alto valor coPHUFLDOTXHVHFDSWXUDHQOD2ULQRTXLD3HUWHQHFHDOJUXSRGHODVOODPDGDV´FXFKDV
ÀQDVµODVFXDOHVVRQFRPHUFLDOL]DGDVFRQDPSOLDDFHSWDFLyQHQORVPHUFDGRVQDFLRQDO
HLQWHUQDFLRQDO
3RUORDQWHULRUHVWHWUDEDMRVHHQIRFyHQHOHVWXGLRGHODHVSHUPDWRJpQHVLV\ODRRJpQHVLVGHODHVSHFLHHQFRQGLFLRQHVQDWXUDOHVGHELGRDTXHVXHQWHQGLPLHQWRSHUPLWLUi
HVWDEOHFHU SRVLEOHV UHODFLRQHV ÀORJHQpWLFDV \ HFROyJLFDV \ SURSRUFLRQDUi HOHPHQWRV
SDUDHQWHQGHUODGLQiPLFDUHSURGXFWLYDDVtFRPRDVSHFWRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVSDUDODSRVLEOHLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHSURJUDPDVGHUHSURGXFFLyQEDMRFRQGLFLRQHVFRQWURODGDV
MARCO TEÓRICO
/DHVSHUPDWRJpQHVLVHVXQDVHFXHQFLDGHFDPELRVPRUIROyJLFRV\ÀVLROyJLFRVGHFplulas germinativas que parten de una espermatogonia diploide y dan origen a cuatro
HVSHUPDWR]RLGHV KDSORLGHV +HVV \ )UDFD *ULHU \ 8ULEH \ 6FKXO] HW DO
(QSHFHVHVWHSURFHVRGHGLYLVLyQFHOXODURFXUUHHQFLVWRVTXHVRQIRUPDGRV
cuando una espermatogonia es rodeada por las proyecciones del citoplasma de una o
GRVFpOXODVFtVWLFDVRGH6HUWROL*ULHUHWDO'H5RRLM\5XVVHO(KPFNH
HWDO\6FKXO]HWDOODVFXDOHVVRQFRQVLGHUDGDVFRPRFpOXODVPDGUH
+HVV\)UDFD6X~QLFDIXQFLyQHVWiUHODFLRQDGDFRQHOGHVDUUROORGHODVFpOXODV
JHUPLQDWLYDV\VHEDVDHQXQDLQWHQVDLQWHUDFFLyQSDUDFULQD5GLJHU\0LXUD
'XUDQWHODGLIHUHQFLDFLyQFHOXODUHOWHVWtFXORSUHVHQWDGLYHUVRVFDPELRVSXGLpQGRVH
LGHQWLÀFDU GLIHUHQWHV WLSRV FHOXODUHV /D GLYLVLyQ FHOXODU FRPSUHQGH HQWRQFHV YDULDV
FpOXODV LQWHUPHGLDV GHQRPLQDGDV HVSHUPDWRJRQLDV HVSHUPDWRFLWRV \ HVSHUPiWLGHV
6FKXO]HWDO
104
/DRRJpQHVLVHVHOSURFHVRPHGLDQWHHOFXDOODVFpOXODVGHODOtQHDJHUPLQDWLYDFRPSOHWDQVXGHVDUUROORGDQGROXJDUDODFpOXODGHPD\RUWDPDxRTXHHOLQGLYLGXRSXHGH
SURGXFLU HO yYXOR (Q WpUPLQRV JHQHUDOHV OD RRJpQHVLV HV OD WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GH RRJRQLDVHQRRFLWRVSURFHVRTXHVHFXPSOHFtFOLFDPHQWHHQHORYDULRGHOSH]GXUDQWH
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
WRGDVXYLGDUHSURGXFWLYD+DUYH\\&DUROVIHOG/DQGLQHV(QODVODPHODV
RYtJHUDVVHLQLFLDHOSURFHVRGHFUHFLPLHQWRSULPDULRPLWRVLVGHODVRRJRQLDV(QVHJXQGDLQVWDQFLDDSDUHFHQORVRRFLWRVSULPDULRVORVFXDOHVSRVWHULRUPHQWHSDVDUiQSRU
XQDVHULHGHWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVKDVWDFRQYHUWLUVHHQyYXORV'LFKDVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHV
comprenden varios estadios de desarrollo, a saber: cromatina nucleolar, perinucleolar,
DOYHRORFRUWLFDOYLWHORJpQHVLVPDGXUR\ÀQDOPHQWHOOHJDUDODIDVHGHIROtFXORVSRVWRYXODWRULRV3DOPHUHWDO5RPDJRVDHWDO/DQGLQHV0HGLQDHWDO
0DxDQyVHWDO
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
/RVSHFHVIXHURQGLVHFWDGRV\VXVJyQDGDVH[WUDtGDV\ÀMDGDVHQVROXFLyQGH.DUQRYVN\ PRGLÀFDGR S+ GXUDQWH KRUDV SRVWHULRUPHQWH VH KLFLHURQ ODYDGRV FRQ
E~IHUIRVIDWRGXUDQWHGRVGtDV\ÀQDOPHQWHIXHURQFRQVHUYDGDVHQDOFRKROHWtOLFR
3ULHWR
Luego, las muestras se sometieron a una rutina de deshidratación en concentraciones
FUHFLHQWHVGHDOFRKROSDUDVHULQFOXLGDVHQ+LVWRUUHVLQD/HLFDŠ6HREWXYLHURQFRUWHV
GHѥPGHHVSHVRUXWLOL]DQGRXQPLFUyWRPR/HLFDŠ50/RVFRUWHVIXHURQFRORUHDGRVFRQD]XOGHWROXLGLQD\FRQKHPDWR[LOLQDHRVLQD+(
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
El macho de Hemiancistrus subvidis SUHVHQWy XQ WHVWtFXOR GH WLSR HVSHUPDWRJRQLDO
LUUHVWULFWRTXHVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUTXHHOWHMLGRJHUPLQDWLYRHVWiGLVSXHVWRDPDQHUDGH
UHGIRUPDQGRFXUYDVGHVGHODSHULIHULDKDVWDHOFRQGXFWRHIHUHQWH*ULHU/RSHV
HW DO \ *ULHU \ 8ULEH ODV HVSHUPDWRJRQLDV VH SUHVHQWDQ D OR ODUJR GHO
lóbulo y durante la espermiación los espermatozoides son liberados en el lumen para
OOHJDUDOFRQGXFWRHIHUHQWH*ULHU\3DUHQWL\*ULHUFDUDFWHUtVWLFDSURSLD
GHHVSHFLHVGHWD[DVSULPLWLYDVFRPRORVVLO~ULGRV3DUHQWL\*ULHU\*ULHU\8ULEH
6HWUDWDHQWRQFHVGHXQWHVWtFXORFX\RVFRPSDUWLPHQWRVJHUPLQDWLYRVIRUPDQOyEXORV\ODVHVSHUPDWRJRQLDVVHGLVWULEX\HQDORODUJRGHHOORV*ULHU*ULHU
\3DUHQWL\*ULHU$GLIHUHQFLDGHXQWHVWtFXORUHVWULFWRGRQGHHQHOSURFHVRGH
HVSHUPDWRJpQHVLVHOFLVWRPLJUDDOGXFWRHIHUHQWH\ODVFpOXODVJHUPLQDWLYDVPDGXUDQ
GHQWUR
Esta especie independientemente del tipo testicular, presenta un proceso de espermaWRJpQHVLVFtVWLFD\DTXHHOGHVDUUROORFHOXODUJHUPLQDWLYRRFXUUHGHQWURGHFLVWRVGHOLPLWDGRVSRUFpOXODVGH6HUWROL\SUHVHQWDQGLIHUHQFLDFLyQVLQFUyQLFDFRPRORUHSRUWDGR
SRU0DWWHLHWDO\*XLPDUmHV&UX]HWDO(OURPSLPLHQWRGHOFLVWRVyOR
RFXUUHFXDQGRODVHVSHUPiWLGDV\DVHKDQGLYLGLGRGDGRRULJHQDORVHVSHUPDWR]RLGHV
TXHVRQÀQDOPHQWHOLEHUDGRVHQODOX]GHOW~EXORVHPLQtIHUR
La hembra de H. subviridisSUHVHQWyWUHVGHORVFLQFRWLSRVGHFpOXODVJHUPLQDWLYDVTXH
FRP~QPHQWHVRQGHÀQLGDVHQWHOHyVWHRVRRFLWRVSHULQXFOHRODUHVRRFLWRVHQDOYHROR
FRUWLFDO \ RRFLWRV PDGXURV \ TXH KDQ VLGR UHSRUWDGRV SRU :DOODFH \ 6HOPDQ $JRVWLQKRHWDO3DOPHUHWDO5RPDJRVDHWDO0RQWR\D²/ySH]
HW DO 0HGLQD HW DO \ 'XDUWH HW DO $Vt PLVPR ORV HMHPSODUHV
FDSWXUDGRVVHHQFRQWUDURQHQWUHVIDVHVGHGHVDUUROORUHSURGXFWLYRPDGXUDQGRPDGXUD\GHVRYDGDGHÀQLGRVSRUHOWLSRGHFpOXODVGHODOtQHDJHUPLQDWLYDHQFRQWUDGRHQ
FDGDXQDGHHOODV/DJyQDGDPDGXUDQGRFXHQWDFRQRRFLWRVHQHVWDGRSHULQXFOHRODU
\GHDOYHRORFRUWLFDOHQODPDGXUDVHREVHUYDURQRRFLWRVPDGXURV\SHULQXFOHRODUHV
ÀQDOPHQWHHQODGHVRYDGDVHYHFODUDPHQWHODSUHVHQFLDGHRRFLWRVSUHYLWHORJpQLFRV\
FRPRHQORVGRVDQWHULRUHVKD\RRFLWRVSHULQXFOHRODUHV(VWDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFRLQFLGHQ
FRQORGHVFULWRSRU$JRVWLQKRHWDO\9D]]ROHU\FRQORUHSRUWDGRSDUD+
WHUQHW]L0DFXOHDWXV\5DVSHUD6X]XNLHWDO$JRVWKLQRHWDO
6HJ~QODGHVFULSFLyQDQWHULRUVHSXHGHREVHUYDUTXHODJyQDGDGHH subviridis evidencia la presencia de oocitos perinucleolares en las etapas del ciclo de reproducción estuGLDGR(VWRSXHGHLQGLFDUTXHODHVSHFLHFXHQWDFRQXQVWRFNGHUHVHUYDFDUDFWHUtVWLFD
FRP~Q\DTXHHVIiFLOHQFRQWUDUHVSHFLHVFRQRRFLWRVSUHYLWHORJpQLFRVSHULQXFOHRODUHVDOYHRORFRUWLFDOHQWRGRVODVIDVHVGHODRRJpQHVLV\TXHGHVRYDQHQUHSHWLGDV
RFDVLRQHVGXUDQWHWRGRHODxR'H]DHWDO
$ SDUWLU GH ODV IDVHV GH OD RRJpQHVLV HQ ORV WHOHyVWHRV VH HVWDEOHFH XQ SDWUyQ GH
GHVDUUROOR RYiULFR :DOODFH \ 6HOPDQ UHSRUWDQ RYDULRV VLQFUyQLFRV HQ JUXSRV
\DVLQFUyQLFRVPLHQWUDVTXH*ULHUHWDOHVWDEOHFHQODH[LVWHQFLDGHRYDULRV
VLQFUyQLFRVHQJUXSRV\DVLQFUyQLFRV&RPR\DVHKDREVHUYDGRH. subvidiris, presenta
por lo menos dos tipos celulares germinativos en cada uno de los estadios encontraGRVSRUORWDQWR\WHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODVFODVLÀFDFLRQHVDQWHULRUHVSUHVHQWDXQRYDULR
VLQFUyQLFRHQJUXSRV
$GLFLRQDOPHQWHHQORVWHOHyVWHRVODVHVSHFLHVSXHGHQVHUFODVLÀFDGDVHQGHVRYDGRUHV
WRWDOHVRSDUFLDOHV6HVDEHTXHGXUDQWHODIDVHGHPDGXUDFLyQODVKHPEUDVSUHVHQWDQ
FDPELRVHQHOIROtFXORRYiULFR(VWHGHVDUUROORRRFLWDULRUHODFLRQDGRFRQODIUHFXHQFLD
GHORVGHVRYHVGHQWURGHXQSHULRGRGHUHSURGXFFLyQ\HOQ~PHURGHUHSURGXFFLRQHV
UHDOL]DGDVGXUDQWHVXFLFORGHYLGDGHWHUPLQDHOWLSRGHGHVRYDGRUHVDVtFRPRVHWLHQHQHVSHFLHVFRQPiVGHXQORWHGHRRFLWRVHOLPLQDGRHQFDGDSHULRGRGHUHSURGXFFLyQ
GHVRYDGRUHVSDUFLDOHV\ORVTXHHQHOFLFORH[SXOVDQVRORHOORWHGHRRFLWRVPDGXURV
GHVRYDGRUHVWRWDOHV9D]]ROHU7HQLHQGRODLQIRUPDFLyQDQWHULRU\ORREVHUYDGR SDUD + VXEYLULGLV WHQHPRV HQWRQFHV XQ GHVRYDGRU WRWDO FRPR OR UHSRUWDGR SDUD
+HPLDQFLVWUXVVS5DPRV\.RQUDG\SDUDRhinelepis aspera y Megalancistrus
aculeatus9D]]ROHUHVSHFLHVTXHSHUWHQHFHQDODIDPLOLD/RULFDULLGDH
REFERENCIAS
Agostinho AA, Barbieri CM, Barbieri G, Agostinho, C. 1987. Biologia reproductiva de
Rhinelepis áspera (Agassiz, 1829) (Teleostei, Loricariidae) no Rio Paranapanema. Estructura dos ovários e estadios de maturação. Rev. Brasil Biologia. Rio de Janeiro. 47
S
Agostinho AA, Hanh, NS, Agostinho CS. 1991. Ciclo reproductivo e primeira maduracão
GHIrPHDVGH+FRPPHUVRQLL9DOHQFLHQQHV6LOXULIRUPHVQR5HVHUYDWyULR&DSLYDUL&DFKRHLUD355HY%UDVLO%LRO5LRGH-DQHLUR
&HN6\<LOPD](*RQDGDOGHYHORSPHQWDQG6H[5DWLRRI6KDUSWRRWKFDWÀVK&OD
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
ULDVJDULHSKLQXV%XUFKHOO&XOWXUHGXQGHU/DERUDWRU\&RQGLWLRQV-=RRO
46p.
'H5RRLM'*5XVVHO/'$OO\RXZDQWHGWR.ZRQDERXWVSHUPDWRJRQLDEXWZHUH
DIUDLGWRDVN-$QGUROS
'H]D6%D]iQ5&XOTXLFKLFyQ=%LRORJtD\SHVTXHUtDGH3VHXGRSODVW\VWRPD
IDVFLDWXP/LQQDHV3LVHV'RQFHOODHQODUHJLyQGH8FD\DOL)ROLD$PD]yQLFD
S
'XDUWH6\$UD~MR))HFXQGLW\RIWKH+\SRVWRPXVDIÀQLV6LOXULIRUPHV/RULFDULLGDHLQWKH/DMHV5HVHUYRLU5LRGH-DQHLUR%UD]LO5HY%LRO7URS
(KPFNH-:LVWXED-6FKODWW6(VSHUPDWRJRQLDOVWHPFHOOTXHVWLRQVPRGHOV
DQGSHUSHFWLYHV+XP5HSURG8SGDWHS
*ULHU+-/RQWRQ-U/HDQWKHUODQG-I'H9ODPLQJ9O6WUXFWXUDOHYLGHQFHIRUWZR
GLIIHUHQWWHVWLFXODUW\SHVLQWHOHRWVÀVKHV$PHU-$QDWS
Grier, HJ.1993. Comparative organization of Sertoli cells including the Sertoli cell baUULHU,Q5XVVHOO/'*ULVZROG0'HGV7KH6HUWROLFHOO&DFKH5LYHU3UHVV&OHDUZDWHU
704–739p.
*ULHU +- 8ULEH 0& 7KH WHVWLV DQG VSHUPDWRJHQHVLV LQ WHOHRVWV (Q %DUULH
*0(G5HSURGXFWLYHELRORJ\DQGSK\ORJHQ\RIÀVKHV$JQDWKDVDQGERQ\ÀVKHV
120-142p.
*ULHU+-8ULEH0'3$WLQR57KHRYDU\IROOLFXORJHQHVLVDQGRRJHQHVLVLQWHOHRVWV(Q%DUULH*0(G5HSURGXFWLYHELRORJ\DQGSK\ORJHQ\RIÀVKHV$JQDWKDV
DQGERQ\ÀVKHVS
Guimarães-Cruz RJ, dos Santos JE y Santos GB. 2005. Gonadal structure and gameWRJHQHVLVRIORULFDULD/HQWLJLQRVDLVEUFNHUSLVFHVWHOHRVWHLVLOXULIRUPHV5HY%UDV
=RROS
*UL]]OH-0\5RJHUV:$QDWRP\DQGKLVWRORJ\RIWKHFKDQQHOFDWÀVK$XEXUQ
3LQWLQJ,QF$XEXUQ8QLYHUVLW\$JU([SWO6WDWLRQS
+HVV5$\)UDQoD/56SHUPDWRJHQHVLVDQGF\FOHRIWKHVHPLQLIHURXVHSLWKHOLXP,Q&KHQJ&<HG0ROHFXODUPHFKDQLVPVLQVSHUPDWRJHQHVLV/DQGHV%LRVFLHQce. 1–15p.
+DUYH\%\&DUROVIHOG-,QGXFHG%UHHGLQJLQ7URSLFDO)LVK&XOWXUH2WWDZD,QWHUQDWLRQDO'HYHORSPHQW5HVHDUFK&HQWUH
,QFRGHU3HFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVGH&RORPELD$UFKLYRHQ&'
Inpa. 1999-2000. Boletín estadístico pesquero colombiano. Ministerio de Agricultura.
Instituto Nacional de Pesca y Acuacultura. Bogotá.
Landines MA. 2005. Mecanismos celulares de la reproducción de los peces. Capitulo
,(Q'D]DS/DQGLQHV0$\6DQDEULD$HGV5HSURGXFFLyQGHSHFHVGHO
trópcio. Incoder y Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá.
/DVVR&$0RMLFD-,8VPD-60DOGRQDGR&DPSR-$'RQDFLPLHQWR&7DSKRUQ'&
3URYHQ]DQR ) /DVVR$OFDOi 20 *DOYLV * 9iVTXH] / /XJR 0 0DFKDGR$OOLVRQ$
Royero, R, Suárez C, Ortega-Lara, A. 2004. Peces de la cuenca del Río Orinoco. Parte
I. Lista de distribución por subcuencas. Biota Colombiana 5(2). 95-158p.
/HLQR5/-HQVHQ.0\$QNOH\*7*RQDGDOKLVWRORJ\DQGFKDUDFWHULVWLFKLVWRSDthology associated with endocrine disruption in the adult fathead minnow (Pimephales
SURPHODV(QYLURQPHQWDO7R[LFRORJ\DQG3KDUPDFRORJ\S
Lior M, Cauty C, Planquette P y Le Bail P. 1989. Comparative study of the male reSURGXFWLYHWUDFWLQVHYHQIDPLOLHVRI6RXWK$PHULFDQFDWÀVKHV$TXDW/LYLQJ5HVRXU
S
López T, Medina-Robles V y Cruz-Casallas P. 2005 Morfología Testicular del Yaque
/HLDULXVPDUPRUDWXV3LVFHV6LOXULGDHHQ(VWDGLRGH0DGXUH]5HSURGXFWLYD,QW-
0RUSKROS
0DQDQRV('XQFDQ1\0\ORQDV&5HSURGXFWLRQDQGFRQWURORIRYXODWLRQVSHUPLDWLRQDQGVSDZQLQJLQFXOWXUHGÀVK²,Q&DEULWD(5REOHV9\+HUUDH]3HGV
0HWKRGVLQ5HSURGXFWLYH$TXDFXOWXUH0DULQHDQG)UHVKZDWHU6SHFLHVSS
Mattei X, Siau Y y Thiaw OT. Peculiarities in the organization of testis of Ophidian sp.
3LVFHV7HOHRVWHL(YLGHQFHIRUWZRW\SHVRIVSHUPDWRJHQHVLVLQWHOHRVWÀVK-RXUQDORG
ÀVKELRORJ\S
0HGLQD )$EDVFDO -$UDJyQ / 0RXUHQWH *$UDQGD * *DOD] 7 %HOPRQWH$ GH OD
6HUQD-0\*DUFtD65HSURGXFWLYHSHUIRUPDQFHRIEOXHÀQWXQDLQWKHZHVWHUQ
0HGLWHUUDQHDQLQÁXHQFHRIVDPSOLQJJHDUVLQWKHDVVHVVPHQWRIUHSURGXFWLYHSDUDPHWHUV0DU(FRO3URJ6HU²S
0RQWR\D²/ySH]$7DEDUHV&-(FKHYHUUL$$UEROHGD/2OLYHUD$QJHO0'HVcripción anatómica e histological de las gónadas de Sabaleta (Brycon henni, Eigenmann 1913). Universidad de Antioquia. Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias
3HFXDULDVS
Palmer EE, Sorensen PW, Adelman IR. 1995. A histological study of seasonal ovarian
GHYHORSPHQWLQIUHVKZDWHUGUXPLQWKH5HG/DNHV0LQQHVRWD-RXUQDORI)LVK%DLRORJ\
²S
3DUHQWL/*ULHU+(YROXWLRQDQGSK\ORJHQ\RIJRQDGPRUSKRORJ\LQERQ\ÀVKHV
,QWHJU&RPS%LRO²S
3ULHWR&$0RUIRORJLDWHVWLFXODUHHVWUXWXUDGDHVSHUPDWRJrQHVHHPSHL[HVRUnamentais Tetra Negro, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi; Tetra Amarelo, Hyphessobrycon
108
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
bifasciatus e Mato Grosso, Hyphessobrycon eques (Teleostei, Characiformes). Tese
DSUHVHQWDGDDR3URJUDPDGH3yVJUDGXDomRHP$TLFXOWXUDGR&HQWURGH$TLFXOWXUD
da UNESP. 95p.
5DPtUH]²*LO+$MLDFR²0DUWtQH]5+/DSHVFDGHHVSHFLHVGHLQWHUpVFRPHUFLDO
HQHOiUHDGH,QÁXHFLDGH,QtULGD*XDLQtD(Q5DPtUH]*+\5($MLDFR/D
SHVFDHQODEDMD2ULQRTXLDFRORPELDQDXQDYLVLyQLQWHJUDO0LQLVWHULRGHDJULFXOWXUD
Programa Nacional de Transferencia y Tecnología Agropecuaría, Colciencias e INPA.
Editorial Produmedios. Bogotá. 139-154p.
5DPRV/$\.RQUDG+*%LRORJLDUHSURGXWLYDGH+HPLDQFLVWUXVVS2VWHLFKWK\HV/RULFDULLGDHGRULR'RV6LQRVUV%ROHWLPGR,QVWLWXWRGH3HVFD6mR3DXOR
45-50p.
5RPDJRVD ( 'H 3DLYD 3 *RGLQKR +0$QGUDGH7DOPHOOL () &DUDFWHUtVWLFDV
PRUIRPpWULFDV H FUHVFLPHQWR GR FDFKDUD 3VHXGRSODW\VWRPD IDVFLDWXP /LQQDHXV
PDQWLGRHPFRQÀQDPHQWR$FWDVFLHQWDULXP²S
5GLJHU:60LXUD76SHUPDWRJHQHVLVDQGLWVHQGRFULQHUHJXODWLRQ)LVK)LVLRORJ\DQG%LRFKHPLVWU\1HWKHUODQGV.OXZHU$FDGHPLD3XEOLVKHUV1RS
6FKXO] 5: )UDQoD /5 /DUH\UH -- /H*DF ) &KLDULQL*DUFtD + 1REUHJD 5+ 0LXUD
76SHUPDWRJHQHVLVLQÀVK*HQHUDODQGFRPSDUDWLYHHQGRFULQRORJ\$UWtFXORHQ
prensa.
9D]]ROHU$0%LRORJLDGDUHSURGXomRGHSHL[HWHOHyVWHRV7HRULDHSUiFWLFD(GLtorial da Universidade Estudual de Maringá. Marina-Paraná. Brasil. 4-8p.
9HUtVVLPR6LOYHLUD5&LFORUHSURGXWLYRHFLQpWLFDGDHVSHUPDWRJrQHVHGR'RXUDGR6DOPLQXVPD[LOORVXV8QSXEOLVKHG06F'LVVHUWDWLRQ8QLYHUVLGDGH(VWDdual Paulista. Jaboticabal. 60p.
:DOODFH5$\6HOPDQ.&HOOXODUDQGG\QDPLFDVSHFWVRURRF\WHJURZWKLQWHleosts. American Zoologist. Vol 21(2). 325-343p.
:HOW]LHQ)$7DUDQJHU*/.DUOVHQ2\1RUEHUJ%6SHUPDWRJHQHVLVDQGUHODWHG
plasma androgen levels in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.). Com. Bio
DQG3K\S
:LQHPLOOHU.LUD3DWWHUQVRIYDULDWLRQLQOLIHKLVWRU\DPRQJ6RXWK$PHULFDQÀVKHV
LQVHDVRQDOHQYLURQPHQWV2HFRORJLDS
PARÂMETROS POPULACIONAIS DO Pinirampus pirinampu NA CACHOEIRA DO TEOTÔNIO NO RIO MADEIRA, PORTO VELHO, RONDÔNIA.
,JRU$6DQW·DQQD5HFKHWQLFRZñ&DUROLQD5GD&RVWD'RULDò/XL]D3UHVWHVó
ñ0HVWUDQGRGR3URJUDPDGH3yV*UDGXDomRHP&LrQFLDV3HVTXHLUDVQRV7UySLFRV²
33*&,3(7²8)$0HPDLOLJRUFRRS#\DKRRFRPEU
ò/DERUDWyULRGH,FWLRORJLDH3HVFD'HSDUWDPHQWRGH%LRORJLD²8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDO
GH5RQG{QLD
ó,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH3HVTXLVDVGD$PD]{QLD,13$
INTRODUÇÃO
$V HVSpFLHV GD IDPtOLD 3LPHORGLGDH FRQKHFLGDV SRSXODUPHQWH SRU EDJUHV YHP Ki
PXLWDVGpFDGDVVHGHVWDFDQGRQDVSHVFDULDVFRPHUFLDLVGHWRGD$PD]{QLD*RXOGLQJ
3DUHQWH9LHLUD&DUYDOKR)DEUpSHORHOHYDGRYDORUGHYHQGDGHGHWHUPLQDGDV FDWHJRULDV H SRU FRQVWLWXLU XQV GRV SULQFLSDLV UHQGLPHQWRV HFRQ{PLFRV HP
DOJXQVSRQWRVGHGHVHPEDUTXH%DUWKHP*RXOGLQJ$VVLPFRPRQDVGHPDLV
UHJL}HV GD $PD]{QLD D SHVFD QR HVWDGR GH 5RQG{QLD p XPD DWLYLGDGH GH JUDQGH
LPSRUWkQFLDFRPRUHQGDHFRQ{PLFDHIRQWHGHDOLPHQWRSDUDSRSXODomRUHJLRQDO0DVVRQ'RULDHWDOQRSUHOR2VEDJUHVHVWmRHQWUHDVHVSpFLHVSUHIHULGDVGRV
SHVFDGRUHVGDFRPXQLGDGHGR7HRW{QLRWDQWRSDUDVXEVLVWrQFLDFRPRSDUDDYHQGD
HQWUHDVSULPHLUDVHVWmRREDUEDFKDWDPinirampus pirinampu), a dourada (BrachyplaW\VWRPD URXVVHDX[LL R MD~ Zungaro zungaro H HP VHJXLGD R ÀOKRWHSLUDtED BraFK\SODW\VWRPD ÀODPHQWRVXP 2 PDLV LPSRUWDQWH DWULEXWR GH XP RUJDQLVPR p R VHX
tamanho, o qual determina grandemente a natureza de suas interações com outros
RUJDQLVPRV H VXDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GHPRJUiÀFDV 3DXO\ (VWXGRV VREUH SDUkPHWURVSRSXODFLRQDLVVmRGHJUDQGHLPSRUWkQFLDSDUDRFRQKHFLPHQWRGDELRORJLDGDV
HVSpFLHVGHSHL[HV9D]]ROHU$PDGLR2EDUEDFKDWDPinirampus pirinampu,
6SL[$JDVVL]GLVWULEXLVHSRUWRGDUHJLmRWURSLFDOGD$PpULFDGR6XO$JRVWLQKRHWDO%DUWKHP*RXOGLQJ2WDPDQKRPi[LPRSRGHYDULDUGH
6DQWRVHWDODFHQWtPHWURV$JRVWLQKR-~OLR-U3RVVXLGHVRYDWRWDO
HHVWDVHDSUHVHQWDXPDYH]DFDGDFLFORKLGUROyJLFRHQWUHRÀQDOGDVHFDHLQtFLRGD
HQFKHQWH6DQWRVHWDO
MATERIAL E MÉTODOS
$&DFKRHLUDGR7HRW{QLRHVWDORFDOL]DGDDNPGH3RUWR9HOKRHQWUHDVFDFKRHLUDV
GR0RUULQKRH6DQWR$QW{QLRODWLWXGHž·µ6HORQJLWXGHž·µ2(PFDGD
PDUJHP YLYHP GRLV DJORPHUDGRV D FRPXQLGDGH GR7HRW{QLR GR ODGR GLUHLWR FRP KDELWDQWHVHDFRPXQLGDGHFRQKHFLGDFRPR9LOD$PD]RQDVGRODGRHVTXHUGRFRPFHUFD
GHKDELWDQWHVFRPSHVVRDO
1RSHUtRGRGHVHWHPEURDGH]HPEURHGHPDUoRDDJRVWRQRVPHVHVMDQHLURHIHYHUHLURGHKRXYHGHVLVWrQFLDGHXPGRVFROHWRUHVIRLUHJLVWUDGDDFRPSRVLomRGRVGHVHPEDUTXHVUHDOL]DGRVSRUSHVFDGRUHVSURÀVVLRQDLVGDFDFKRHLUDGR7HRW{QLR'RVH[HPSODUHVIRLUHJLVWUDGRRFRPSULPHQWRSDGUmR&3HPFHQWtPHWURVFP
110
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
Foram calculados a estrutura em comprimento com dados individuais de comprimento
SDGUmRDJUXSDGRVHPFODVVHVFDOFXODQGRVHDIUHTrQFLDQXPpULFDGHFDGDFODVVHH
HVWDWtVWLFDGHVFULWLYDSDUDRSHUtRGRQDFDFKRHLUDGR7HRW{QLR
2 PRGHOR PDWHPiWLFR GH FUHVFLPHQWR SURSRVWR SRU YRQ %HUWDODQII\ /W /’>
H²NWWR@IRLXWLOL]DGRSDUDUHSUHVHQWDUTXDQGRRVSDUkPHWURV/W WDPDQKRGRVLQGLYtGXRVFRPLGDGHW/’ WDPDQKRPi[LPRDVVLQWyWLFRRXPi[LPRWHyULFRTXHRSHL[H
SRGHDWLQJLUN FRHÀFLHQWHGHFUHVFLPHQWRLQGLYLGXDOW LGDGHGRVLQGLYtGXRVW LGDGHWHyULFDQRFRPSULPHQWR]HUR2SDUkPHWURWIRLFRQVLGHUDGR]HURSRUTXHHVVH
SDUkPHWURQmRWHPFRQRWDomRELROyJLFDVHQGRXPDFRUUHomRPDWHPiWLFDSDUDRDMXVWH
GDFXUYD6SDUUH9HQHPD
2 FRPSULPHQWR DVVLQWyWLFR /’ FP H R FRHÀFLHQWH N DQR IRUDP HVWLPDGRV SHOR
PpWRGR6/&$6KHUSKHUG·V/HQJWK&RPSRVLWLRQ$QDOLV\V6KHUSKHUGLQFOXtGRQR
),6$7VRIWZDUH)$2,&/$506WRFN$VVHVVPHQW7RROV*D\DQLORHWDO
$ ORQJHYLGDGH GHÀQLGD FRPR R WHPSR TXH R LQGLYtGXR OHYD SDUD DOFDQoDU GR
FRPSULPHQWRDVVLQWyWLFRIRLHVWLPDGDFRPEDVHQDIyUPXODSURSRVWDSRU7D\ORU
$ WRN
RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO
1RVGHVHPEDUTXHVSHVTXHLURVUHJLVWUDGRVQRSHUtRGRRFRUUHUDPHVSpFLHV)RUDP
DIHULGRVH[HPSODUHVGHEDUEDFKDWDFRUUHVSRQGHQGRDFHUFDGHGRVLQGLYtGXRVGDVHVSpFLHVGH3LPHORGtGHRVVHQGRXPDHVSpFLHFRQVWDQWHGXUDQWHRSHUtRGR
HVWXGDGRFRPSLFRVQDYD]DQWHPDLRDMXOKRRQGHIRUDPPHGLGRVLQGLYtGXRVHQD
VHFDVHWHPEURDRXWXEURFRPLQGLYtGXRV8PWRWDOGHEDUEDFKDWDVWLYHUDP
VHXVFRPSULPHQWRVDIHULGRV$GLVWULEXLomRGDIUHTXrQFLDSRUFODVVHGHFRPSULPHQWR
SDGUmRPRVWUDPDLRUUHSUHVHQWDWLYLGDGHGDVFODVVHVHQWUHHFP)LJXUD
Figura 1.'LVWULEXLomRGHIUHTXrQFLDGDVFODVVHVGHFRPSULPHQWRSDGUmRGHH[HPSODUHVGREDUEDFKDWDPHGLGRVQRVGHVHPEDUTXHVQDFDFKRHLUDGR7HRW{QLRQRSHUtRGR
GHVHWHPEURGHDDJRVWRGH
2VSDGU}HVPLJUDWyULRVHVWmRGLUHWDPHQWHUHODFLRQDGRVjHVWUXWXUDHPFRPSULPHQWR
$ORQVR 3LUNHU $ GLVWULEXLomR XQLIRUPH GDV FODVVHV GH FRPSULPHQWR REVHUYDGDQDHVSpFLHEDUEDFKDWDVXJHUHTXHHVWDSRSXODomRRFXSDHVWDUHJLmRHPWRGDV
DV IDVHV GH VHX FLFOR GH YLGDGLIHUHQWH GRV EDJUHV JUDQGHV PLJUDGRUHV %DUWKHP *RXOGLQJ
111
2VYDORUHVGDHVWDWtVWLFDGHVFULWLYDUHYHODUDPTXHRPHQRUH[HPSODUGHEDUEDFKDWD
PHGLXFPHRPDLRUFPGHFRPSULPHQWRSDGUmRFRPPpGLDGHFPFRUUHVSRQGHQGRDXPDDPSOLWXGHGHFP
2VSDUkPHWURVGHFUHVFLPHQWR/’HNHVWLPDGRVIRUDPUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHFPH
DQR2VFRUHREWLGRQDHVWLPDWLYDGRVSDUkPHWURVIRLLJXDODHPXPDHVFDOD
GHDLQGLFDQGRXPDVDWLVIDWyULDFRPELQDomRGHHVWLPDWLYDVDSDUWLUGDDQiOLVH
GHGLVWULEXLomR
No modelo de crescimento estimada para P. pirinampuIRL/W >H²WWR@RQGH
´WµpDLGDGHGHDFRUGRFRPFRPSULPHQWR1HVWHHVWXGRRFRPSULPHQWRFRUUHVSRQGHP
jLGDGHUHODWLYDXPDYH]TXHRYDORUGHWFRQVLVWHGHXPDFRQVWDQWHPDWHPiWLFDVHP
VLJQLÀFDGRHFROyJLFRHDLGDGHDEVROXWDQmRSRGHVHUFDOFXODGDFRPEDVHHPDSHQDV
GDGRVGHFRPSULPHQWR
$LGDGHHPTXHRLQGLYtGXRSRGHDOFDQoDUGR/’IRLHVWLPDGDHPRLWRDQRV1HVWD
SHVTXLVDRVSDUkPHWURVGHFUHVFLPHQWRIRUDPREWLGRVSHODDQiOLVHGDGLVWULEXLomRGH
IUHTrQFLD GH FRPSULPHQWR FRQVLGHUDQGR TXH D UHSURGXomR GD HVSpFLH p DQXDO HP
XPSHUtRGRGRDQRUHODWLYDPHQWHFXUWRVHJXQGRRREVHUYDGRSRU3HL[HUHWDO
QRSDQWDQDO
2PpWRGR6/&$pEDVHDGRQDFRPSRVLomRGHFRPSULPHQWRVRXVHMDVHPDSUpYLD
WUDQVIRUPDomRGRVFRPSULPHQWRVHPLGDGHVUHODWLYDVeVLPLODUHPFRQFHLWRDR(/()$1 $QiOLVH (OHWU{QLFD GH )UHTrQFLD GH &RPSULPHQWR PDV FRP DOJRULWPR PDLV
VLPSOHV H IiFLO GH FRPSXWDU 6/&$ DSUHVHQWDVH PDLV UREXVWR TXH R (/()$1 SDUD
HVSpFLHVTXHDOFDQoDPHOHYDGRVWDPDQKRVDVVLQWyWLFRV,VVDFFRPRDHVSpFLH
HVWXGDGD
2VSDUkPHWURV/’HNDSUHVHQWDGRVGLIHUHPGRVHQFRQWUDGRVHPXPHVWXGRUHDOL]DGR
WDPEpPGRPpWRGRGHGLVWULEXLomRGHIUHTXrQFLD7DEHODRTXHpQRUPDOSRLVDSHVDUGHHVWDUPRVIDODQGRGDPHVPDHVSpFLHRVSDUkPHWURVGHSHQGHPGDVFRQGLo}HV
DPELHQWDLVHGDPXOWLHVSHÀFLGDGHGRVDSDUHOKRVGHSHVFDGDGRVDGYLQGRVGHGHVHPEDUTXHSHVTXHLUR
7DEHOD&RPSDUDomRGRVSDUkPHWURVGHFUHVFLPHQWRHQFRQWUDGRVHPHVWXGRUHDOL]Ddo no pantanal com aqueles estimados por este estudo para o barba chata capturados
QD&DFKRHLUDGR7HRW{QLR
2H[DPHGRVSDUkPHWURVGDFXUYDGHYRQ%HUWDODQII\GHYDULDVHVSpFLHVVXJHUHTXHKi
XPDUHODomRQHJDWLYDHQWUHNH/’RXVHMDSHL[HVFRPDOWRYDORUGH/’WHQGHPDWHU
EDL[RYDORUGHNHYLFHYHUVD2NpXPSDUkPHWURGHFXUYDWXUDTXHGHWHUPLQDDYHORFLGDGHFRPTXHRSHL[HVHDSUR[LPDGR/’HSRGHVHUFRQVLGHUDGRFRPRXPDIXQomR
GRFRHÀFLHQWHGHFUHVFLPHQWRHVWHHVWiUHODFLRQDGRFRPDWD[DPHWDEyOLFDGRVSHL[HV
112
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
3DXO\$RFRPSDUDUPRVRVSDUkPHWURVGHP. Pirinampus FRPXPDHVSpFLHGD
PHVPDIDPtOLD%UDFK\SODW\VWRPDURXVVHD[LLRQGHQRHL[R(VWXiULR6ROLP}HV$PD]RQDVVHX/’IRLHRNDQR$ORQVR2EVHUYDVHTXHREDUEDFKDWD
DSUHVHQWD XP FUHVFLPHQWR UHODWLYDPHQWH UiSLGR FRPSDUDGR DR GD Brachyplatystoma
URXVVHD[LLSRUDWLQJLUXPWDPDQKRPHQRU
&RQVLGHUDQGRDHVWUDWpJLDUHSURGXWLYD:LQHPLOOHUFODVVLÀFRXRVSHL[HVDPD]{QLFRVHPWUrVFDWHJRULDVVD]RQDLVHPHTXLOtEULRHRSRUWXQLVWDV3LQLUDPSXVSLULQDPSX
SRGH VHU FRQVLGHUDGD FRPR HVSpFLH VD]RQDO HP UD]mR GH DWLQJLU JUDQGH WDPDQKR
WHPDOWDIHFXQGLGDGHPLJUDomRUHSURGXWLYDHGHVRYDWRWDO3HL[HU0DWHXV5HVHQGH
HQmRDSUHVHQWDFXLGDGRSDUHQWDO6DQWRVHWDO
REFERÊNCIAS
$JRVWLQKR$$-XOLR-U+)3HL[HVGDEDFLDGRDOWRULR3DUDQi,Q/RZH0FFRQQHOO5+(G(VWXGRVHFROyJLFRVGHFRPXQLGDGHVGHSHL[HVWURSLFDLV('863
São Paulo. p. 374-400p.
$JRVWLQKR$$9D]]ROHU$($GH07KRPD]607KHKLJKULYHU3DUDQi
EDVLQOLPQRORJLFDODQGLFKWK\RORJLFDODVSHFWV,Q781',6,-*%,&8'2&(0
0$768085$781',6,7HGV/LPQRORJ\LQ%UD]LO%UD]LOLDQ$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFH
Brazilian Limnological Society, Rio de Janeiro.
$ORQVR-&3LUNHU/(0'LQkPLFDSRSXODFLRQDOHHVWDGRDWXDOGDH[SORUDomRGHGRXUDGDHGHSLUDPXWDED,Q%$57+(05%)$%5e1120DQHMRGD
3HVFDGRV*UDQGHV%DJUHV0LJUDGRUHV3LUDPXWDEDH'RXUDGDQR(L[R6ROLP}HV$PD]RQDV3URYiU]HD,%$0$0DQDXV
Alonso, J. C. (2002). Padrão espaço-temporal da estrutura populacional e estado atual
GD H[SORUDFDR SHVTXHLUD GD GRXUDGD %UDFK\SODW\VWRPD ÁDYLFDQV &DVWHOQDX 6LOXULIRUPHV3LPHORGLGDHQRVLVWHPD(VWXDULR$PD]RQDV6ROLPRHV>7HVHGH'RXWRUDGR@0DQDXV,13$8)$0
%DUWKHP5%0*RXOGLQJ(GV2VEDJUHVEDOL]DGRUHVHFRORJLDPLJUDomR
HFRQVHUYDomRGHSHL[HVDPD]{QLFRV6RFLHGDGH&LYLO0DPLUDXi0&7&134%UDVtOLD
,VVDF9-$FFXUDF\RIVRPHOHQJWKEDVHGPHWKRGVIRUÀVKSRSXODWLRQVWXGLHV
,&/$507HFKQLFDO5HSRUW
/DX]DQQH//RXEHQV*3HFHVGHOULR0DPRUH&ROHomR7UDYDX[HW'RFXPHQWVQ256720²&25'(%(1,87%3DULV
Masson, C. G. M. J. (2005). Subsídios para uma gestão dos recursos hídricos na
$PD]{QLD(VWXGRGHFDVRGDEDFLDGRULR0DGHLUD>'LVVHUWDomR0HVWUDGR@8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGR5LRGH-DQHLUR8)5-5LRGH-DQHLUR
0DWHXV/$)3HQKD-0)'LQkPLFDSRSXODFLRQDOGHTXDWURHVSpFLHVGH
grandes bagres na bacia do rio Cuiabá, Pantanal norte, Brasil (Siluriformes, Pimelodi113
GDH5HYLVWD%UDVLOHLUDGH=RRORJLD²
3DXO\ * 5 0RUJDQ (GV /HQJWK EDVHG PHWKRGV LQ ÀVKHULHV UHVHDUFK 0DQLOD
ICLARM Conference Proceedings 13, 468p.
3DXO\'7URSLFDOÀVKHVSDWWHUQVDQGSURSHQVLWLHV-RXUQDORIÀVK%LRORJ\
1-17.
3HL[HU-0DWHXV/$)5HVHQGH(.)LUVWJRQDGDOPDWXUDWLRQRI3LQLUDPSXVSLULQDPSX6LOXULIRUPHV3LPHORGLGDHLQWKH3DQWDQDO0DWR*URVVRGR6XOVWDWH
Brazil. Braziian Jornal Biololy, 66(1B)
5RVHQEHUJ$$%HGGLQJWRQ-50RQWH&DUORWHVWLQJRIWZRPHWKRGVIRU
estimating growth from length-frequency data with general conditions for their applicaELOLW\S,Q'
6DQWRV * 0 (IUHP - * )HUUHLUD =XDQRQ -$ 6 3HL[HV FRPHUFLDLV GH
0DQDXV,EDPD$03UR9iU]HD
6DQWRV * 0 (IUHP - * )HUUHLUD =XDQRQ -$ 6 3HL[HV FRPHUFLDLV GH
0DQDXV,EDPD$03UR9iU]HD
Shepherd, J.G. (1987). A weakly parametric method for estimating growth parameters
IURP OHQJWK FRPSRVLWLRQ GDWD SS ² ,Q ' 3DXO\ DQG * 0RUJDQ HGV /HQJWKEDVHGPHWKRGVLQÀVKHULHVUHVHDUFK,&/$50&RQI3URFS
6SDUUH 3 6& 9HQHPD (GV ,QWURGXomR j DYDOLDomR GH PDQDQFLDLV GH
SHL[HVWURSLFDLV3DUWH5RPD2UJDQL]DomRGDV1Do}HV8QLGDVSDUDD$OLPHQWDomR
H$JULFXOWXUD²)$2
114
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
MONITORAMENTO DA ICTIOFAUNA DO RIO MADEIRA: FERRAMENTA PARA CONSERVAÇÃO E MITIGAÇÃO DE IMPACTOS DA
USINA DE SANTO ANTÔNIO
&DUROLQD5GD&RVWD'RULD1/XL]-DUGLPGH4XHLUR]1; Gislene Torrente Vilara 2, Rosseval
Galdino Leite 3; Cristhiana Paula Röpke 1; Ariana Cella Ribeiro 1; Willian Ohara 1; Maria Alice
Leite Lima 1; Jansen Zuanon 3
/DERUDWyULRGH,FWLRORJLDH3HVFDGD8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGH5RQG{QLD/,381,5%5
.P=RQD5XUDO3RUWR9HOKR52%UDVLOFDUROLQDUFGRULD#XROFRPEU
8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGR$PD]RQDV8)$0*HQHUDO5RGULJR2FWiYLR-RUGmR5DPRV
3000, Coroado I, 69083-000, Manaus, AM, Brasil
,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH3HVTXLVDVGD$PD]{QLD,13$$YHQLGD$QGUp$UD~MR3HWUypolis, 69083-000, Manaus, AM, Brasil
INTRODUÇÃO
$OWHUDo}HVDPELHQWDLVH[HUFLGDVSHORKRPHPTXDVHVHPSUHDIHWDPQHJDWLYDPHQWHDELRGLYHUVLGDGH (P VLVWHPDV OyWLFRV SDUWH LPSRUWDQWH GHVWHV LPSDFWRV WHP VLGR GHFRUUHQWH
SULQFLSDOPHQWHGHPRGLÀFDo}HVSURYRFDGDVSRUEDUUDPHQWRVGHULRVSDUDÀQVGHJHUDomR
GHHQHUJLDHOpWULFD5LFKWHUHWDO2EDUUDPHQWRGHULRVUHVXOWDHPPRGLÀFDo}HVQDV
FRQGLo}HV ItVLFRTXtPLFDV GR DPELHQWH SURPRYHQGR XPD GHVFRQWLQXLGDGH QR FDQDO GRV
ULRVTXHUHÁHWHHPDOWHUDo}HVQDULTXH]DFRPSRVLomRHDEXQGkQFLDGDVHVSpFLHV%RQQHU
:LOG$$PD]{QLDWHPVHFRQÀJXUDGRFRPRXPJUDQGHGHVDÀRSDUDDVRFLHGDGH
SRUVHUXPDiUHDJHRJUiÀFDFXMRVLQWHUHVVHVSROtWLFRVHHFRQ{PLFRVIRUDPLQWHQVLÀFDGRV
QD~OWLPDGpFDGDPRWLYDGRVSHORVHXSRWHQFLDOKLGURHOpWULFRHSHODVDWXUDomRGHEDUUDJHQV
DUWLÀFLDLVHPULRVGDSRUomRVXOVXGHVWHGR%UDVLO'HIRUPDDHYLWDUIDOKDVUHFRUUHQWHVQD
KLVWyULDGDVFRQVWUXo}HVGHEDUUDJHQVQD$PD]{QLDFRPRRVODJRVGH6DPXHO7XFXUXt
%DOELQDR3URJUDPDGH&RQVHUYDomRGD,FWLRIDXQDGH6DQWR$QW{QLRQRULR0DGHLUDIRLHVWDEHOHFLGRSDUDFXPSULUH[LJrQFLDVGR3URMHWR%iVLFR$PELHQWDO3%$,%$0$23%$SUHYr
XPHVWXGRGHORQJRSUD]RFRPTXDWURHWDSDVLFDUDFWHUL]DomRGDLFWLRIDXQDLQVWDODomRGD
8+(DWpLQtFLRHIHWLYRGDVREUDVLLDFRPSDQKDPHQWRGDVPRGLÀFDo}HVGXUDQWHDVREUDV
GHIRUPDomRGRUHVHUYDWyULRLLLFDUDFWHUL]DomRGRLPSDFWRSHODIRUPDomRGRUHVHUYDWyULRH
LYPRQLWRUDPHQWRGDIDXQDGHSHL[HVHGDSHVFD
MATERIAL E MÉTODOS
ÉUHD$PRVWUDO)RUDPLPSOHPHQWDGRVGLYHUVRVVXESURJUDPDVFRPREMHWLYRVHVSHFtÀFRV
HH[HFXWDGRVSRUGLIHUHQWHVHTXLSHVDOWDPHQWHVLQHUJpWLFDV,QYHQWiULR7D[RQ{PLFR,7
(FRORJLDH%LRORJLD(%,FWLRSOkQFWRQ,3*HQpWLFDGH3RSXODo}HV*30RQLWRUDPHQWR
3HVTXHLUR036LVWHPDGH7UDQVSRVLomR67H5HVJDWHGD,FWLRIDXQD5,
$ iUHD HVWXGDGD IRL GLYLGLGD HP TXDWUR JUDQGHV WUHFKRV L ÉUHDV&RQWUROH $& ULRV
*XDSRUp H 0DPRUp $& PRQWDQWH ž · ·· ž··· DWp ž · ··
ž···H%DL[RULR0DGHLUD$&MXVDQWHž···ž···DWpž·
··ž···LLÉUHDGH,QÁXrQFLD'LUHWD$,'RIXWXURODJRGRHPSUHHQGLPHQWRž
···ž···DWpž···ž···HLLLÉUHDGH,QÁXrQFLD,QGLUHWD
$,,WUHFKRLPHGLDWDPHQWHDMXVDQWHGRIXWXURUHVHUYDWyULRž···ž···DWp
ž···ž···
'HVGHDEULOGHVmRFRQGX]LGDVDPRVWUDJHQVSDGURQL]DGDVHQmRSDGURQL]DGDVDR
ORQJRGRHL[RORQJLWXGLQDOGRVLVWHPD*XDSRUp0DPRUp0DGHLUDGHVFULWRDFLPD$VFROHWDV
VmRHIHWXDGDVFRPPDOKDGHLUDVUHGHVGHHVSHUDUHGHVGHFHUFRSXoiVDUUDVWREHQW{QLFRHVSLQKHOWDUUDIDVHUHGHVGHLFWLRSOkQFWRQ
2PRQLWRUDPHQWRSHVTXHLURpH[HFXWDGRVREGLIHUHQWHVDVSHFWRVLFHQVRGRGHVHPEDUTXH
QRVSULQFLSDLVFHQWURVXUEDQRVHFRPXQLGDGHVULEHLULQKDVFRPREMHWLYRGHFDUDFWHUL]DUD
SHVFDFRPHUFLDOLLUHJLVWURIDPLOLDUGDSHVFDHPGLVWLQWDVFRPXQLGDGHVULEHLULQKDVSDUD
FDUDFWHUL]DUDSHVFDGHVXEVLVWrQFLDLLLUHJLVWURVGHGHVHPEDUTXHVHRXWUDVLQIRUPDo}HV
HIHWXDGRVSHODVFRO{QLDVGHSHVFDGRUHVTXHDWXDPQDUHJLmRyUJmRVFRPSHWHQWHVHELEOLRJUDÀDGLVSRQtYHOHLYFRQKHFLPHQWRHWQRLFWLROyJLFRGRVSHVFDGRUHV
RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO
$VSHFWRVGD,FWLRIDXQD)RUDPUHJLVWUDGDVDWpRPRPHQWRHVSpFLHVGHSHL[HVGHVGH
RULR*XDSRUpQDWUtSOLFHIURQWHLUD5207%ROtYLDDWpSUy[LPRjIR]GRULR0DGHLUD(VWH
LQYHQWiULRLQFOXLSHORPHQRVHVSpFLHVQRYDVHFLQFRJrQHURVQRYRVIDPtOLDV+HSWDSWHULGDH7ULFKRP\FWHULGDH&KDUDFLGDH3LPHORGLGDHH/RULFDLLGDH(VVHPDWHULDOHVWDDUPD]HQDGRQD&ROHomR,FWLROyJLFDGD8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGH5RQG{QLDHVWLPXODQGRVHX
GHVHQYROYLPHQWRHDFRQVROLGDomRGHXPLPSRUWDQWHSDWULP{QLR
(PERUDRVUHVXOWDGRVGHLQYHQWiULRVLUYDPFRPRHYLGrQFLDGDFDUrQFLDGHHVWXGRVFRP
JUDQGHVHVIRUoRVGHFROHWDRULR0DGHLUDVHGHVWDFDFRPRRPDLVULFRPXQGRDWXDOPHQWH
VXSHUDQGRRULR1HJURFRQVDJUDGRQDOLWHUDWXUDFRPRRULRPDLVGLYHUVRHPQ~PHURGH
HVSpFLHV)LJXUD
Figura 1.5LTXH]DGHHVSpFLHVGHSHL[HVLQYHQWDULDGRVQRULR0DGHLUDWUHFKRHQWUHRV
PXQLFtSLRVGH&DEL[LSUy[LPRDIURQWHLUD5207%ROtYLDDWpR/DJR6DPSDLR%DL[R
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
0DGHLUD$PD]RQDVHHPYiULRVVLVWHPDVKLGURJUiÀFRVGD$PD]{QLDDFLPDHULTXH]D
GHSHL[HVGHiJXDGRFHSDUDRVFRQWLQHQWHVDEDL[R'DGRVFRPSLODGRVSRU7RUUHQWH9LODUD
(VWDULTXH]DXOWUDSDVVDRQ~PHURGHHVSpFLHVGHiJXDVFRQWLQHQWDLVFRQKHFLGDV%DVHDGR
QRVYDORUHVSDUDDLFWLRIDXQDGHWRGDD$PpULFDGR6XOFHUFDGHHVSpFLHVDIDXQD
GHSHL[HVGRULR0DGHLUDSDUHFHVHUUHSUHVHQWDWLYDGHTXDVHGDVHVSpFLHVLFWtLFDV
DWXDOPHQWHFRQKHFLGDVSDUDHVVHFRQWLQHQWH/HYHTXHHWDO
2SDGUmRGHGLVWULEXLomRGDVHVSpFLHVGRULR0DGHLUDpIRUWHPHQWHH[SOLFDGRSHODKHWHURJHQHLGDGHDPELHQWDOGRULRRFRUUHQGRXPDVXEVWLWXLomRGHHVSpFLHVHJ7RUUHQWH9LODUDHW
DO$VGLIHUHQoDVQDSDLVDJHPFRPSODQtFLHVSURGXWLYDVDPRQWDQWHHDMXVDQWHGR
WUHFKRGHFRUUHGHLUDVHRWUHFKRGHFRUUHGHLUDVH[WUHPDPHQWHW~UELGRHHQFDL[DGRSRXFR
LQXQGiYHOHQmRSURGXWLYRGHWHUPLQDPDHVWUXWXUDGDVFRPXQLGDGHVDVGLIHUHQoDVQDV
DEXQGkQFLDVGDVSRSXODo}HVHRVOLPLWHVGHGLVWULEXLomRGHDOJXPDVHVSpFLHV)LJXUD
2WUHFKRGHFRUUHGHLUDVFRPSRUWDXPDDOWDGLYHUVLGDGHGHHVSpFLHVDVVRFLDGDDEDL[DV
DEXQGkQFLDVFRPFDSWXUDGHH[HPSODUHVPK&38((PRXWURVDPELHQWHVGH
iJXDVEUDQFDVQD$PD]{QLD&HQWUDOFRPRQR/DJR&DWDOmRIRUDPUHJLVWUDGRVYDORUHVGH
DWpH[HPSODUHVPK9DOH%DL[DVDEXQGkQFLDVVmRH[SOLFDGDVSHODVSHTXHQDVSODQtFLHVLQXQGiYHLVTXHFKHJDPDVHUQXODVSDUDDOJXQVDÁXHQWHV7RUUHQWH9LODUDHWDO&RPSRXFDiUHDLQXQGiYHOKiEDL[DGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGHDOLPHQWRVDOyFWRQHV
HDEDL[DSURGXWLYLGDGHSULPiULDQHVVHWUHFKRLPSHGHDEXQGkQFLDGHDOLPHQWRDXWyFWRQH
$DWLYLGDGHDOLPHQWDUQDiUHDGHFRUUHGHLUDVpEDL[DPDLVGHGRVH[HPSODUHVDQDOLVDGRVHVWDYDPVHPDOLPHQWRQRHVW{PDJR$VSULQFLSDLVSRSXODo}HVGHSHL[HVTXHFRQVHguem ter sucesso no trecho de corredeiras apresentam comportamento alimentar oportuQLVWDSHL[HFDFKRUUR$FHVWURUK\QFKXVPLFUROHSLV$KHWHUROHSLV$IDOFLURVWULVFDSHWLQKD
$XFKHQLSWHULFKWK\VWKRUDFDWXV$DWLYLGDGHUHSURGXWLYDGDFRPXQLGDGHpHOHYDGDQHVVH
WUHFKRFRPD,QWHQVLGDGH5HSURGXWLYDYDULDQGRGHDWpFRPPDLRUHVYDORUHVQD
HQFKHQWHGRVULRV
Figura 2. $QiOLVHGHDJUXSDPHQWR83*0$JHUDGDDSDUWLUGHPDWUL]GHGLVVLPLODULGDGH%UD\&XUWLVSDUDDFRPSRVLomRGHHVSpFLHVGDLFWLRIDXQDGHPpGLRSRUWHFDSWXUDGD
FRP PDOKDGHLUD QD iUHD HVWXGDGD GR ULR 0DGHLUD /RFDLV QR WUHFKR GH FRUUHGHLUDV
$5$ LJDUDSp$UDUDV 6/2 ULR 6mR /RXUHQoR -$) H -$0 ULR -DFLSDUDQi 087 ULR
0XWXPSDUDQi.$0H.$)LJDUDSp.DULSXQDV/RFDLVDPRQWDQWHGRWUHFKRGHFRUUHGHLUDV*XDSRUpH0DPRUp&$8ULR&DXWiULR627ULR6RWpULR3$&ULR3DFDiV1RYRV/RFDLVDMXVDQWHGD&DFKRHLUDGH7HRW{QLRDWpjIR]GRULR0DGHLUD-$7LJDUDSp
-DWXDUDQD%(0H%(),JDUDSp%HOPRQW&81ODJR&XQLm0$0H0$)ULR0DFKDGR
385ODJR3XUX]LQKR0$1ULR0DQLFRUp$5,LJDUDSp$ULSXDQm6$0ODJR6DPSDLR
2VHVWXGRVGLULJLGRVSHORVXESURJUDPD,FWLRSOkQWRQHYLGHQFLDUDPXPDGHQVLGDGHPXLWREDL[DGHODUYDVHPWRGRRWUHFKRHQFDFKRHLUDGRFRPDEXQGkQFLDGHODUYDVVXSHULRU
LPHGLDWDPHQWH D PRQWDQWH GD &DFKRHLUD GH7HRW{QLR TXDQGR FRPSDUDGD DR WUHFKR
LPHGLDWDPHQWHDMXVDQWHGH6DQWR$QW{QLRXOWLPDFRUUHGHLUDTXDQGRFRQVLGHUDGRXP
SHUtRGRKLGUROyJLFRFRPSOHWRPDVDRDYDOLDUDVGXDVVLWXDo}HVHPGLDVFRQVHFXWLYRV
GLDVHVVDDomRGDVFRUUHGHLUDVVREUHDPRUWDOLGDGHGHODUYDVQmRpHVWDWLVWLFDPHQWHGLIHUHQWHLQGLFDQGRTXHRXWURVIDWRUHVDWXDPQDPRUWDOLGDGHGDVODUYDV)LJXUD
2VMXYHQLVGHGRXUDGDFRQVHJXHPXOWUDSDVVDUWRGDVDVFRUUHGHLUDVQRWUHFKRHVWXGDGRQRVHQWLGRPRQWDQWHMXVDQWHTXDQGRGHVFHPRULRSHORIXQGR
Figura 3.$EXQGkQFLDGHODUYDVGHSHL[HVGRWUHFKRPRQWDQWHGH7HRW{QLRDWpRWUHFKR
MXVDQWHGH6DQWR$QW{QLR,QGLFDQGRDGLVWULEXLomRGDVODUYDVHPUHODomRjVPDUJHQV
GRULR0( PDUJHPHVTXHUGD& FHQWURGRULRH0' PDUJHPGLUHLWD
118
$SHVFDQDUHJLmR2VUHJLVWURVDSRQWDPSHVFDGRUHVSDUWLFLSDQWHVQRVHJXQGR
DQR GH PRQLWRUDPHQWR FRQWUD UHJLVWUDGRV QR SULPHLUR DQR H GXUDQWH DHOD-
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
ERUDomRGR(,$5,0$(VVHDXPHQWRpFRQVHTrQFLDGRPDLRUHVIRUoRDPRVWUDOGD
VHQVLELOL]DomRHFRQÀDQoDGRVSHVFDGRUHV2VUHVXOWDGRVLQGLFDPXPDDOWDPXOWLHVSHFLÀFDGDGHQDDWLYLGDGHFRPPDLVGHHVSpFLHVSRUpPSRXFDVVmRDPSODPHQWH FDSWXUDGDV$V HVWUDWpJLDV GH SHVFD H DV HVSpFLHV PDLV LPSRUWDQWHV YDULDP FRP
DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GR DPELHQWH (P ORFDLV HVSHFtÀFRV FRPR D &DFKRHLUD 7HRW{QLR
D SHVFD p TXDVH H[FOXVLYDPHQWH GH EDJUHV PLJUDGRUHV GRXUDGD Brachyplatystoma
URXVVHDX[LLÀOKRWH%ÀODPHQWRVXP) e barba-chata/barbado (Pinirampus pirinampu
1RVORFDLVFRPPDLRUHVGLVSRQLELOLGDGHVGHYiU]HDDMXVDQWHGDVFRUUHGHLUDVSH[
&DODPD6mR&DUORVH&XQLmDSHVFDpGHSHL[HVHVFDPDGRVFRPRFXULPDWm3URFKLORGXVQLJULFDQVMDWXDUDQDBrycon sppMDUDTXLVSemaprochilodus sppHSDFX
(Mylossoma duriventre
0DVGHIRUPDJHUDODSHVFDpXPDDWLYLGDGHSUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWHDUWHVDQDOFRPIURWD
SHVTXHLUDSHTXHQDEDUFRVFDQRDVHLQ~PHUDVFDQRDVQmRPRWRUL]DGDVXVR
GHDSDUHOKRVGHSHVFDVLPSOHVFRPRPDOKDGHLUDVHHPYLDJHQVFXUWDVWUrVGLDVHP
PpGLD$&38(PRVWUDUHVXOWDGRVTXHYDULDPDRORQJRGRGRULR0DGHLUD)LJXUD
Figura 4.0pGLDGD&DSWXUDSRU8QLGDGHGHHVIRUoRGHHPEDUFDo}HVSHVTXHLUDVXWLOL]DGDVQDVSHVFDULDVQRWUHFKRHQWUH&RVWD0DUTXHV5RQG{QLDH+XPDLWi$PD]RQDV
/HJHQGD&0&RVWD0DUTXHV*0*XDMDUi0LULP,DW,DWD101RYD0DPRUp$EX
$EXQm)$)RUWDOH]DGR$EXQm-3-DFL3DUDQi7HR7HRW{QLR393RUWR9HOKR66
6mR6HEDVWLmR6&6mR&DUORV1D]1D]DUp&DO&DODPD&XQ&XQLm+XP+XPDLWi
'HVVHPRGRHPFRPXQLGDGHVULEHLULQKDVLQFOXLQGRWDPEpPRVSHVFDGRUHVSURÀVVLRQDLVKiXPDJUDQGHLQFRUSRUDomRGHFRQKHFLPHQWRVGRVSURFHVVRVDPELHQWDLV0XLWDVGDVLQIRUPDo}HVREWLGDVDSDUWLUGDDQiOLVHHFRQVWUXomRGHPDSDVPHQWDLVOHYDUDP
RV SHVFDGRUHV D UHÁHWLUHP VREUH VXDV Do}HV H DWLWXGHV DQDOLVDU R VHX HVSDoR HQTXDQWROXJDUGHYLYrQFLDHDFRQVWUXomRGHFHQiULRVHHVSDFLDOL]DomRGHLQIRUPDo}HV
LPSRUWDQWHVQRFRQWH[WRGDSHVFDQRWUHFKRHVWXGDGR
REFERÊNCIAS
%RQQHU7+:LOGH*5&KDQJHVLQWKH&DQDGLDQ5LYHU)LVK$VVHPEODJH$VVRFLDWHGZLWK5HVHUYRLU&RQVWUXFWLRQ-RXUQDORI)UHVKZDWHU(FRORJ\
*RXOGLQJ0%DUWKHP5)HUUHLUD(7KH6PLWKVRQLDQ$WODVRIWKH$PD]RQ
6PLWKVRQLDQ,QVWLWXWLRQ3ULQFHWRQ(GLWRULDO$VVRFLDWHV+RQJ.RQJS
/HYrTXH&2EHUGRII73DXJ\'6WLDVVQ\0/-7HGHVFR3$*OREDOGLYHUVLW\RIÀVKHV3LVFHVLQIUHVKZDWHU+\GURELRORJLD
5LFKWHU %' %UDXQ '3 0HQGHOVRQ 0$ 0DVWHU // 7KUHDWV WR LPSHULOHG
IUHVKZDWHUIDXQD&RQVHUYDWLRQ%LRORJ\
7RUUHQWH9LODUD*=XDQRQ-$PDGLR6$'RULD&5&%LRORJLFDODQGHFRlogycal characteristics of Roestes molossus (Cynodontidae), a night hunting characiIRUPÀVKIURPXSSHU0DGHLUD5LYHU%UD]LO,FKWK\RORJLFDO([SORUDWLRQRI)UHVKZDWHUV
Torrente Vilara, G. 2009. Heterogeneidade ambiental e diversidade ictiofaunística do
WUHFKRGHFRUUHGHLUDVGRULR0DGHLUD5RQG{QLD%UDVLO0DQDXV,13$7HVHGHGRXWRrado. 194p.
7RUUHQWH9LODUD * (IIHFWV RI QDWXUDO UDSLGV DQG ZDWHUIDOOV RQ ÀVK DVVHPEODJH
VWUXFWXUHLQWKH0DGHLUD5LYHU$PD]RQ%DVLQ(FRORJ\RI)UHVKZDWHU)LVK
597.
9DOH-'&RPSRVLomRGLYHUVLGDGHHDEXQGkQFLDGD,FWLRIDXQDQDiUHDGR&DWDOmR$PD]{QLD&HQWUDO'LVVHUWDomRGH0HVWUDGR,13$8)$00DQDXVS
120
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
GENÉTICA Y
EVOLUCIÓN
121
ANÁLISIS PRELIMINAR EN EL CONOCIMIENTO GENÉTICO DE POBLACIONES DE ARAWANA BLANCA (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)
EN LA AMAZONÍA COLOMBIANA
Juan Camilo Bonilla 1,29LFWRU3LxHURV2; Edwin Agudelo 1; Gladys Cardona1\)UDQFLVFR
Villa 3
,QVWLWXWR$PD]yQLFRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV&LHQWtÀFDV²6,1&+,ERQGJMF#KRWPDLOFRP
2 Instituto de Ecología A.C.
3 Universidad del Tolima
INTRODUCCIÓN
La Arawana blanca (Osteoglossum bicirrhossumHVSHVFDGDHQOD$PD]RQtDEUDVLOHxDFRORPELDQD\SHUXDQDSRUVXYDORU\GHPDQGDHQHOPHUFDGRLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHV'HVGHSXHUWRVFRORPELDQRV\SHUXDQRVVHFRPHUFLDOL]DQFHUFDGH
XQLGDxRODVFXDOHVUHSUHVHQWDQORFDOPHQWHÁXMRVSUy[LPRVDORVPLOORQHV
GH GyODUHV$XQTXH SDUD OD$PD]RQLD FRORPELDQD QR VH KDQ UHDOL]DGR HVWXGLRV TXH
LQGLTXHQVXJUDGRGHH[SORWDFLyQODVFDSWXUDVGHDGXOWRV\FUtDVVXPDGRVDVXEDMD
IHFXQGLGDG RYRFLWRVKHPEUD OD KDQ FODVLÀFDGR HQ HO /LEUR 5RMR GH 3HFHV
'XOFHDFXtFRODVGH&RORPELDFRPR9XOQHUDEOHÉOYDUH]
No obstante las disposiciones de aprovechamiento y conservación emitidas por la autoULGDGSHVTXHUD,1&2'(5SDUDOD$PD]RQLDFRORPELDQDGHVFRQRFHVLWDOHVPHGLGDV
VRQUHDOPHQWHHIHFWLYDV\SHUWLQHQWHV(VWRHVGHELGRDTXHVHGHVFRQRFHVLODV$UDZDQDVHQVHFWRUHVFRORPELDQRVGHORVUtRV$PD]RQDV&DTXHWi\3XWXPD\RFRUUHVSRQGHQDXQD~QLFDXQLGDGSREODFLRQDOLPSLGLHQGRWDQWRVXDGHFXDGRPDQHMRSHVTXHUR
FRPRREWHQHUDYDQFHVFRQWXQGHQWHVSDUDVXGRPHVWLFDFLyQHQFDXWLYHULR
&RPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHHVWDSUHVLyQVREUHLQGLYLGXRVGHGLIHUHQWHVHVWDGLRVRQWRJpQLFRVVHSRGUtDYHUDIHFWDGDODYLDELOLGDGGHVXVSREODFLRQHVDOSUHVHQWDUVHGLVPLQXFLRQHVGHPRJUiÀFDVTXHHQODPD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVVHYHHQIRFDGDVREUHLQGLYLGXRV
TXHQRKDQDOFDQ]DGRVXPDGXUH]VH[XDOTXHLQÁXLUtDQGLUHFWDPHQWHHQODYDULDELOLGDG
JHQpWLFD\HQODFDSDFLGDGSDUDHQIUHQWDUFDPELRVDPELHQWDOHV
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
(QHVWHHVWXGLRVHDQDOL]DURQGRVUHJLRQHVGHO$'1PWPLWRFRQGULDO&LWRFURPR2[LGDVD
, &2, \ &\WE HQ PXHVWUDV GH WHMLGR GH$UDZDQD EODQFD SURYHQLHQWHV GHO PHUFDGRHQORFDOLGDGHVGHOD$PD]RQLD&RORPELDQD3XHUWR/HJXt]DPR7DUDSDFi/D
3HGUHUD\/HWLFLD3DUD&2,VHREWXYLHURQVHFXHQFLDVGHEXHQDFDOLGDGPLHQWUDV
TXHSDUD&LWRFURPRE&\WE$SDUWLUGHHVWDVVHFXHQFLDVVHUHDOL]DURQDQiOLVLVGH
GLYHUVLGDGQXFOHRWtGLFD\KDSORWtSLFD)VW\ÀORJHQLDHPSOHiQGRVHFRPRRXWJURXSOD
HVSHFLH$UDSDLPDJLJDVXWLOL]DQGRORVSURJUDPDV$UOHTXLQ([FRIÀHU\
0HJD7DPXUDHWDO
122
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
&RQHVWHQ~PHURGHVHFXHQFLDVDQDOL]DGDVVHHQFRQWUyXQDEDMDGLYHUVLGDGQXFOHRWtGLFDSDUDORVGRVPDUFDGRUHV&2,\&\WEOR
TXHVLJQLÀFDXQDEDMDGLYHUVLGDGHQWUHORVLQGLYLGXRVPXHVWUHDGRVVLQHPEDUJRFDEH
DFODUDUTXHHVWDLQIRUPDFLyQHVSURYHQLHQWHGHOOLQDMHPDWHUQRHVGHFLUGHO$'1PW
$GLFLRQDOPHQWHVHUHJLVWUDURQXQWRWDOGHKDSORWLSRVSDUD&2,VLHQGRHOKDSORWLSR
HO PiV IUHFXHQWH \ HO ~QLFR SUHVHQWH HQ ODV ORFDOLGDGHV /HWLFLD IXH OD ORFDOLGDG
TXH SUHVHQWy XQ PD\RU Q~PHUR GH KDSORWLSRV \ 3XHUWR /HJXt]DPR OD ORFDOLGDG TXH
SUHVHQWyXQ~QLFRKDSORWLSR)LJXUD$XQFXDQGRHVWRVUHVXOWDGRVVRQSUHOLPLQDUHV
HYLGHQFLDQTXHODORFDOLGDGGH3XHUWR/HJXL]DPRSUHVHQWDXQDEDMDYDULDELOLGDGLQWUDSREODFLRQDOORTXHSRGUtDVLJQLÀFDUXQDPHQRUFDSDFLGDGGHDGDSWDFLyQGHODHVSHFLH
DFDPELRVDPELHQWDOHV\SUHVLyQGHH[SORWDFLyQVLQHPEUDJRHVWDKLSyWHVLVGHEHVHU
VXVWHQWDGDFRQORVDQiOLVLVGHRWURVPDUFDGRUHVQXFOHDUHVWLSRPLFURVDWpOLWHV
Figura 1.)UHFXHQFLD\GLVWULEXFLyQGHORVKDSORWLSRVGH&2,HQODVORFDOLGDGHVDQDOL]DGDV
3RURWURODGRVHJ~QORVDQiOLVLVGH)VWSDUD&2,HVWHPDUFDGRUSUHVHQWyXQDVLJQLÀFDQFLDHQODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHODVIUHFXHQFLDVGHORVKDSORWLSRVHQFRQWUDGRVHQWUHODV
GLIHUHQWHVORFDOLGDGHVFRPRVHSXHGHREVHUYDUHQWUHODVORFDOLGDGHVGH3WR/HJXt]DPR7DUDSDFi\3WR/HJXt]DPR²/HWLFLD(VWRV
123
UHVXOWDGRVVXJLHUHQTXHSRVLEOHPHQWHQRH[LVWHXQLQWHUFDPELRUHSURGXFWLYRHQWUHODV
SREODFLRQHV HVWXGLDGDV VLHQGR HVWR UHÁHMDGR HQ ORV GLIHUHQWHV SRUFHQWDMHV GH SUHVHQFLD\GLVWULEXFLyQGHKDSORWLSRVHQFRQWUDGRV)LJXUDOOHYDQGRDXQDLVODPLHQWR
SREODFLRQDO\DODFRQIRUPDFLyQGHVWRFNVUHSURGXFWLYRVTXHUHTXLHUHQGHXQPDQHMR\
FRQVHUYDFLyQHVSHFtÀFRV
3DUDODUHJLyQ&\WEVHREVHUYDURQKDSORWLSRVVLHQGRHO+DSORWLSRHOPiVIUHFXHQWH
\GHPiVDPSOLDGLVWULEXFLyQ3DUDHVWHPDUFDGRUODORFDOLGDGGH/HWLFLDSUHVHQWyORV
YDORUHV PiV EDMRV GH GLYHUVLGDG KDSORWLSLFD UHSRUWiQGRVH OD SUHVHQFLD GH XQ ~QLFR
KDSORWLSRPLHQWUDVTXHODVORFDOLGDGHVGH7DUDSDFi3XHUWR/HJXt]DPR\3HGUHUDUHJLVWUDURQKDVWDKDSORWLSRV)LJXUD&DEHDFODUDUTXHHODQiOLVLVVHOOHYRDFDER
VRODPHQWHFRQVHFXHQFLDVSRUORTXHDODXPHQWDUHOQ~PHURGHPXHVWUDVVHSRGUtD
REVHUYDUFDPELRVHQHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHHVWHPDUFDGRU
Figura 2. Frecuencia y distribución de los haplotipos de Cytb en las 4 localidades anaOL]DGDV
(QFXDQWRDORVDQiOLVLVÀORJHQpWLFRVUHDOL]DGRVSDUDORVKDSORWLSRVGH&2,VHHQFRQWUy XQD EDMD GLIHUHQFLDFLyQ HQWUH Vt HVWD EDMD GLYHUJHQFLD SXHGH YHUVH UHÁHMDGD HQ
ORVEDMRVYDORUHVGHERRWVWUDS\HQXQDWRSRORJtDGHSHLQHTXHQRSHUPLWHXQDFODUD
GLIHUHQFLDFLyQGHORVKDSORWLSRV)LJXUD(VSRVLEOHTXHGDGRHOJUDGRGHFRQVHUYDFLyQDQFHVWUDOGHHVWHPDUFDGRUQRKD\DSHUPLWLGRXQDGLIHUHQFLDFLyQFODUDHQWUHORV
LQGLYLGXRVGH$UDZDQD%ODQFDUHÁHMiQGRVHODEDMDYDULDELOLGDGHQWUHLQGLYLGXRV\HQWUH
SREODFLRQHV/RFDOLGDGHV(VLPSRUWDQWHDQRWDUTXHODVPXHVWUDVDQDOL]DGDVSURYLH124
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
nen de mercados locales, en donde no hay claridad sobre su procedencia y donde se
SXHGHUHÁHMDUODVHOHFWLYLGDGGHODSHVFDDXQVRORSXQWRGHH[WUDFFLyQ\DFRSLR
Figura 3.ÉUERODQiOLVLVÀORJHQpWLFR0/SDUD+DSORWLSRVGH&2,.LPXUDS
UHSHWLFLRQHV(QWUHSDUpQWHVLVVHHQFXHQWUDHOQ~PHURGHLQGLYLGXRVHQHOFXDOVHSUHVHQWyFDGDKDSORWLSR
(QORTXHUHVSHFWDDORVDQiOLVLVÀORJHQpWLFRVHQWUHORVKDSORWLSRVGH&\WEVHREVHUYD
ODSUHVHQFLDGHXQKDSORWLSRDQFHVWUDO+DSORWLSRVLHQGRHVWHDOPLVPRWLHPSRHO
KDSORWLSRPiVIUHFXHQWH\HO~QLFRSUHVHQWHHQWRGDVODVORFDOLGDGHV/RVKDSORWLSRV
\VHUHSUHVHQWDQHQODWRSRORJtDGHOiUEROFRPRKDSORWLSRVGHULYDGRVGHOKDSORWLSR
1, y que de acuerdo a su distribución se encuentran restringidos a la región Norte de la
$PD]RQtD&RORPELDQDHQODVFXHQFDVGHORVUtRV&DTXHWi\3XWXPD\R)LJXUDV\
Figura 4.ÉUERODQiOLVLVÀORJHQpWLFR0/SDUD+DSORWLSRVGH&\WE+.<UHSHWLFLRQHV(QWUHSDUpQWHVLVVHHQFXHQWUDHOQ~PHURGHLQGLYLGXRVHQHOFXDOVHSUHVHQWy
FDGDKDSORWLSR
&RQHVWRVUHVXOWDGRVSUHOLPLQDUHVVHSRGUtDLQIHULUTXHSRVLEOHVFRQGLFLRQHVGHDLVODPLHQWRJHRJUiÀFR\DPELHQWDOHVHVWHLQÁX\HQGRVREUHODGLYHUJHQFLDGHOD$UDZDQD
%ODQFD HQ ODV ORFDOLGDGHV GH 7DUDSDFi 3XHUWR /HJXt]DPR \ 3HGUHUD D SDUWLU GH XQ
~QLFR VWRFN UHSURGXFWLYR +DSORWLSR GLVWULEXLGR HQ WRGD OD$PD]RQtD &RORPELDQD
UHVXOWDGRVFRQFRUGDQWHVFRQODKLSyWHVLVSODQWHDGDSRU6LOYDDOFRQVLGHUDUTXH
ODVSREODFLRQHVGH$UDZDQDEODQFDGHOD$PD]RQLD2FFLGHQWDOSURYLHQHQGHXQ~QLFR
VWRFN$GLFLRQDOPHQWHHVWRFRUURERUDORPHQFLRQDGRDQWHULRUPHQWHVREUHTXHORVHVIXHU]RVGHFRQVHUYDFLyQ\PDQHMRGHODHVSHFLHGHEHQVHULJXDOPHQWHUHSUHVHQWDWLYRV
HQWRGDVODVORFDOLGDGHV
De acuerdo a estos resultados preliminares con la aplicación de estos dos marcadores
PROHFXODUHVVHSXHGHLQIHULUTXH&2,QRDUURMDQLQJXQDUHVROXFLyQSDUDODGLIHUHQFLDFLyQ HQWUH LQGLYLGXRV GH$UDZDQD %ODQFD \ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV ORFDOLGDGHV$ GLIHUHQFLD
de esto el marcador Cytb pone en evidencia una posible estructuración poblacional
GHOD$UDZDQD%ODQFDSDUDOD$PD]RQLD&RORPELDQDORTXHVLJQLÀFDODSUHVHQFLDGH
GLIHUHQWHVVWRFNVUHSURGXFWLYRVTXHGHEHQWRPDUVHFRQHOPLVPRJUDGRGHLPSRUWDQFLD
\GHPDQHUDLQGHSHQGLHQWHSDUDHOPDQHMRVRVWHQLEOHGHODHVSHFLHHQOD$PD]RQLD
&RORPELDQD
&RQ HO ÀQ GH FRUURERUDU HVWDV KLSyWHVLV \ DFHUFDUQRV DO HVWDGR JHQpWLFR UHDO GH OD
$UDZDQD%ODQFDHQOD$PD]RQLD&RORPELDQDVHGHEHQLPSOHPHQWDUPDUFDGRUHVPROHFXODUHV PiV YDULDEOHV \ FRQ XQD PD\RU UHVROXFLyQ 0LFURVDWpOLWHV ² '/RRS ² 6HFXHQFLDV$'11XFOHDU,QWURQHV'HLJXDOIRUPDHVSUHFLVRDXPHQWDUHOHVIXHU]RGH
PXHVWUHRHQSXQWRVFXHQFD\UHDOL]DUXQDFROHFWDJHRUHIHUHQFLDGDSDUDHOGHVDUUROOR
GHDQiOLVLVÀORJHRJUiÀFRV
REFERENCIAS
$OYDUH]52VWHRJORVVXPELFLUUKRVXP3S(Q0RMLFD,&DVWHOODQRV
&8VPD65ÉOYDUH](GV/LEURURMRGHSHFHVGXOFHDFXtFRODVGH&RORPELD/DVHULHOLEURVURMRVGHHVSHFLHVDPHQD]DGDVGH&RORPELD%RJRWi,QVWLWXWRGH
Ciencias Naturales, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.
([FRIÀHU//LVFKHU+(/$UOHTXLQVXLWHYHU$QHZVHULHVRISURJUDPVWR
SHUIRUPSRSXODWLRQJHQHWLFVDQDO\VHVXQGHU/LQX[DQG:LQGRZV0ROHFXODU(FRORJ\5Hsources, 10, 564-567.
3DOXPEL651XFOHLF$FLGV,,7KH3RO\PHUDVH&KDLQ5HDFWLRQ(Q0ROHFXODU
6\VWHPDWLFVSS0DVVDFKXVHWWV6LQDXHU$VVRFLDWHV
6LOYD7-0DUFDGRUHVPROHFXODUHVSDUDDQiOLVHGDYDULDELOLGDGHJHQpWLFDGH
SRSXODo}HVGRDUXDQm2VWHRJORVVXPELFLUUKRVXP'LVHUWDFLyQ'RFWRUDOQRSXEOLFDGD
8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGR$PD]RQDV8)$00DQDXV
6LOYD7-+UEHN7)DULDV,30LFURVDWHOOLWHPDUNHUVIRUWKHVLOYHUDURZDQD
(Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, Osteoglossidae, Osteoglossiformes). Molecular EcologyResources, 9, 1019-1022.
7DPXUD.3HWHUVRQ'3HWHUVRQ16WHFKHU*1HL0.XPDU60(*$0ROHFXODU(YROXWLRQDU\*HQHWLFV$QDO\VLVXVLQJ0D[LPXP/LNHOLKRRG(YROXWLRQDU\'LVWDQFHDQG0D[LPXP3DUVLPRQ\0HWKRGV0ROHFXODU%LRORJ\DQG(YROXWLRQ
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
EVALUACIÓN DE LA VARIABILIDAD GENÉTICA DE LA ARAHUANA
Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (CUVIER, 1829) EN LA REGIÓN LORETO (AMAZONÍA PERUANA) MEDIANTE MARCADORES MICROSATÉLITES
Werner Chota-Macuyama1,2 &DUPHQ *DUFtD'iYLOD1,2 )DEULFH 'XSRQFKHOOH1,3 'LDQD
Castro-Ruiz1,2)UHG&KX1,4-HVXV1XxH]1,3-HDQ)UDQoRLV5HQQR1,2
/DERUDWRULR0L[WR,QWHUQDFLRQDO²(YROXFLyQ\'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHOD,FWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD/0,(',$
/DERUDWRULR GH %LRORJtD \ *HQpWLFD 0ROHFXODU /%*0 ,QVWLWXWR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV
GHOD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD,,$3&DUUHWHUD,TXLWRV1DXWDNP,TXLWRV3HU~(PDLO
ZHUQHUFKRWDP#\DKRRFRP
,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW,5'805,6(0,QVWLWXWGHV6FLHQFHVGHO·(YROXWLRQGH0RQWSHOOLHU8QLYHUVLWp0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFH
3URJUDPDGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ3DUDHO8VRGHO$JXD\VXV5HFXUVRV$48$5(&,QVtituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Carretera Iquitos Nauta km
4.5, Iquitos, Perú.
INTRODUCCIÓN
/DULTXH]DtFWLFDGHODFXHQFDDPD]yQLFDKDFHTXHVHDFRQVLGHUDGDHQWUHODVPD\RUHV
proveedoras de peces ornamentales de agua dulce del mundo (Moreau & Coomes,
(O GHO YROXPHQ GH H[SRUWDFLyQ VXGDPHULFDQD HV FXELHUWR SRU VRODPHQWH
HVSHFLHV2UWL],DQQDFRQHXQDGHODVFXDOHVHVODDUDKXDQDOsteoglossum bicirrhosum &XYLHU (Q ORV ~OWLPRV DxRV OD GHPDQGD GH DOHYLQRV GH O.
bicirrhosum se incrementó debido a que esta siendo comercializado como sustituto de
6FOHURSDJHVIRUPRVXVHQORVPHUFDGRVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVDVLiWLFRV0RUHDX
&RRPHV$PEDVHVSHFLHVFRPSDUWHQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHVXKLVWRULDGHYLGDTXH
ODVKDFHQYXOQHUDEOHVDODVREUHH[SORWDFLyQPDGXUH]WDUGtDEDMDIHFXQGLGDG\FXLGDGRSDUHQWDOEXFDOSDWHUQR(QOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQDHOVDFULÀFLRGHPDFKRVDGXOWRV
VXPDGRDXQOLPLWDGRPRQLWRUHR\GHÀFLHQWHFRQWUROGHVXFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQSRQHQHQ
SHOLJURODVSREODFLRQHVQDWXUDOHVGHHVWDHVSHFLH0RUHDX&RRPHV'H-HVXV
'D6LOYDHWDO(OHIHFWRGHOFRPHUFLRRUQDPHQWDOVREUHODVHVSHFLHVGHOJHQHUR
OsteoglossumSXHGHVHUYLVWRHQOD$PD]RQtDFRORPELDQDGRQGHO. bicirrhosum y O.
ferreiraiDSDUHFHQLQFOXLGRVHQHOOLEURURMRGHpVHSDtVFRPRHVSHFLHHQYXOQHUDELOLGDG
\HQSHOLJURGHH[WLQFLyQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH$UJXPHGRO. bicirrhosum ha sido
SRFR HVWXGLDGR HQ OD$PD]RQtD SHUXDQD GHVFRQRFLpQGRVH PXFKRV DVSHFWRV GH ORV
UDVJRV GH YLGD \ GLYHUVLGDG JHQpWLFD GH VXV SREODFLRQHV DVSHFWRV HVHQFLDOHV SDUD
GHVDUUROODUSURJUDPDVGHPDQHMRSDUDODHVSHFLH%DOORX[/XJRQ0RXOLQ(O
SUHVHQWHWUDEDMRSUHWHQGHFRQWULEXLUDOFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODHVSHFLHDQDOL]DQGRHQIRUPD
SUHOLPLQDUODYDULDELOLGDGJHQpWLFDGHO. bicirrhosum en los principales tributarios de la
$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD
MATERIALES Y METODOS
6HDQDOL]DURQLQGLYLGXRVGHDUDKXDQDSURFHGHQWHVGHFLQFRORFDOLGDGHV/DJR5LPDFKL5tR3DVWD]D/DJR(O'RUDGR5tR<DQD\DFX3XFDWH+XLFXQJR5tR7DSLFKH
(O(VWUHFKR\+XDSDSD5tR3XWXPD\R/DH[WUDFFLyQGH'1$IXHUHDOL]DGDPHGLDQWH
HOSURWRFROR&7$%PRGLÀFDGRGH'R\OH'R\OH/RVORFLPLFURVDWpOLWHVDQDOL]DGRVIXHURQWRPDGRVGH'H-HVXV'D6LOYDHWDO/DVDPSOLÀFDFLRQHVIXHURQ
UHDOL]DGDVHQYRO~PHQHVWRWDOHVGHѥOFRQWHQLHQGR;%XIIHUP00J&O
ѥ0GHFDGDG173ѥ0GHFDGDSULPHU8GH7DTSROLPHUDVD\GHDQJGH
'1$JHQyPLFR/DVFRQGLFLRQHVGHWHPSHUDWXUDIXHURQž&[PLQGHGHQDWXUDFLyQ
LQLFLDOVHJXLGRGHFLFORVFRQVLVWHQWHVHQGHQDWXUDFLyQDž&[VKLEULGDFLyQD
ž&[V\H[WHQVLyQDž&[VVHJXLGRVGHXQDH[WHQVLyQÀQDOGHž&[
PLQ/DOHFWXUDGHORVPLFURVDWHOOLWHVIXHUHDOL]DGDHQXQ$QDOL]DGRU*HQpWLFR$SSOLHG
%LRV\VWHPV[OVLJXLHQGRODPHWRGRORJtDGHOIDEULFDQWH\ORVSHVRVGHORVDOHORV
IXHURQGHWHUPLQDGRVFRQHOSURJUDPD3HDN6FDQQHUYHUVLyQ
&RQODD\XGDGHOSURJUDPD*HQHWL[YHUVLyQIXHURQHVWLPDGRVSDUDFDGDORFXV
HQ FDGD ORFDOLGDG HO Q~PHUR GH DOHORV $ OD KHWHURFLJRFLGDG REVHUYDGD +R \ HVSHUDGD+H\HQWUHSDUHVGHSREODFLRQHVODGLIHUHQFLDDODSDQPL[LD)LVHOtQGLFH
GHÀMDFLyQ)67:HLU&RFNHUKDP\OD'LVWDQFLD*HQpWLFDGH1HL/DV
UHODFLRQHV HQWUH ODV SREODFLRQHV IXHURQ HVWLPDGDV FRQ D\XGD GHO VRIWZDUH 3+</,3
YHUVLyQ)HOVHQVWHLQ(OGHQGURJUDPD$JUXSDPLHQWR9HFLQR3Uy[LPRIXH
YLVXDOL]DGRHQHOVRIWZDUH75((9,(:3DJH/DFRUUHODFLyQHQWUHODGLVWDQFLD
JHQpWLFD\ODVGLVWDQFLDVJHRJUiÀFDVOLQHDO\ÁXYLDOIXHURQHVWLPDGDVDWUDYpVGHOFRHÀFLHQWHGHUHJUHVLyQGH3HDUVRQ/RVUHVXOWDGRVIXHURQYHULÀFDGRVFRQODSUXHEDGH
0DQWHO0DQWHOPHGLDQWHHOSURJUDPD*HQHWL[YHUVLyQ
RESULTADOS
'LIHUHQFLDFLyQJHQpWLFD\UHODFLRQHVLQWHUSREODFLRQDOHVHQ2VWHRJORVVXPELFLUUKRVXP
8QWRWDOGHDOHORVIXHURQREVHUYDGRVFRQORVORFLPLFURVDWpOLWHVHQORVLQGLYLGXRVGH2ELFLUUKRVXP/RVUHVXOWDGRVGHOtQGLFHGHÀMDFLyQ)67ODGLVWDQFLDJHQpWLFD
GH1HL7DEODDVtFRPRHOGHQGURJUDPDREWHQLGRFRQYDORUHVGH%RRWVWUDS
HOHYDGRVREWHQLGRVFRQUpSOLFDVPXHVWUDQXQDIXHUWHHVWUXFWXUDFLyQHQWUHSREODFLRQHVDQDOL]DGDV)LJXUD(VWDHVWUXFWXUDFLyQHVFRQFRUGDQWHFRQODVFXHQFDV
JHRJUiÀFDV GH SURFHGHQFLD GH ORV LQGLYLGXRV DQDOL]DGRV SREODFLRQHV JHRJUiÀFDV SREODFLRQHVJHQpWLFDVPRVWUDQGRTXHODVORFDOLGDGHVPiVUHODFLRQDGDVIXHURQ+XLFXQJR\(O'RUDGR)671HL%RRWVWUDS VHJXLGRGHODVSREODFLRQHV
GHO(VWUHFKR\+XDSDSD)671HL%RRWVWUDS (QWDQWRTXHHVWDV
FXDWURSREODFLRQHVVHHQFXHQWUDQVHSDUDGDVGHODSREODFLyQGHOODJR5LPDFKL%RRWVWUDS 128
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
Figura 1. Dendrograma (insertado dentro del mapa de Loreto) construido a partir de las
'LVWDQFLDVGH1HLVHJ~QHOFULWHULRGHDJUXSDPLHQWR9HFLQR3Uy[LPRSDUDFLQFR
SREODFLRQHVQDWXUDOHVGHODDUDKXDQD2VWHRJORVVXPELFLUUKRVXPHQODUHJLyQ/RUHWR
7DEODÌQGLFHVGHÀMDFLyQ)67HQHOGLDJRQDOVXSHULRU\GLVWDQFLDJHQpWLFDGH1HL
HQHOGLDJRQDOLQIHULRUHVWLPDGRVDSDUWLUGHGLH]ORFLPLFURVDWpOLWHVSDUDFLQFR
poblaciones de arahuana Osteoglossum bicirrhosumHQODUHJLyQ/RUHWR6LJQLÀFDQFLD
S
$LVODPLHQWR SRU GLVWDQFLD /RV YDORUHV GH OD GLVWDQFLD JHQpWLFD GH 5RXVVHW YDULDURQ
HQWUH+XLFXQJR(O'RUDGR\+XDSDSD5LPDFKL6HHQFRQWUyXQDPD\RU
FRUUHODFLyQU HQWUHODGLVWDQFLDJHQpWLFD)67)675RXVVHWFRQOD
GLVWDQFLDJHRJUiÀFDOLQHDO)LJXUD%\XQDPHQRUFRUUHODFLyQU FRQODGLVWDQFLDJHRJUiÀFDÁXYLDOHQWUHODVFLQFRSREODFLRQHVGHO. bicirrhosum estudiadas (Figura
$
)LJXUD5HSUHVHQWDFLyQJUiÀFDGHODQiOLVLVGHFRUUHODFLyQHQWUHOD'LVWDQFLD*HQpWLFD
)67)67\'LVWDQFLD*HRJUiÀFD.P)OXYLDO$\/LQHDO%REWHQLGRVSDUDFLQFR
SREODFLRQHVGHODDUDKXDQD2VWHRJORVVXPELFLUUKRVXPHQODUHJLyQ/RUHWR
DISCUSIÓN
/DYDULDFLyQJHQpWLFDHVODTXHSHUPLWHDODVHVSHFLHVDGDSWDUVHDORVFDPELRVHQODV
FRQGLFLRQHVDPELHQWDOHV\UHVSRQGHUDSURJUDPDVGHVHOHFFLyQ/DVSREODFLRQHVGHOD
PD\RUtDGHHVSHFLHVPXHVWUDQDOJ~QQLYHOGHHVWUXFWXUDFLyQJHQpWLFDTXHSXHGHVHU
GHELGRDXQDYDULHGDGGHHYHQWRVTXHSXHGHQRFXUULUDOPLVPRWLHPSR%DOORX[/XJRQ0RXOLQ%DUUHUDVPHGLRDPELHQWDOHVSURFHVRVKLVWyULFRVHKLVWRULDVGHYLGD
SXHGHQWRGRVHQDOJXQDPDJQLWXGIRUPDUODHVWUXFWXUDJHQpWLFDGHODVSREODFLRQHV
*HUODFK0XVROI3DOVVRQ7LHGHPDQQHWDO
3RX\DXGHWDOFRQÀUPDURQODHVWUXFWXUDFLyQ\GLIHUHQFLDFLyQJHQpWLFDHQWUHYDULHGDGHVGHFRORUHQ6FOHURSDJHVIRUPRVXVDSDUWLUGHVHFXHQFLDVQXFOHRWLGLFDV&LWRFURPRE\GHGDWRVPRUIROyJLFRVHFROyJLFRV\JHRJUiÀFRV'HVFULELHQGRWUHVHVSHFLHV
nuevas (S. macrocephalus, S. aureus y S. legendrei) dentro de la especie inicialmente
GHVFULWD'HPRVWUDQGRDGHPiVTXHH[LVWHFLHUWDFRQFRUGDQFLDHQWUHORVGDWRVJHQpWLFRV\ORVSDUiPHWURVHFROyJLFRVS+\FRORUGHDJXDHQWUHDOJXQDVHVSHFLHVGH$UDKXDQDDVLiWLFD7DQJHWDOWDPELpQPRVWUDURQXQDFODUDGLYLVLyQJHQpWLFDHQWUH
YDULHGDGHVGHFRORUGHDUDKXDQDDVLiWLFD)VWDPHGLDQWHPDUFDGRUHV
PLFURVDWpOLWHV
6DLQW3DXOHWDO\&DODPHQFLRQDQTXHODVGRVDUDKXDQDVVXGDPHULFDnas, O. bicirrhosum y O. ferreirai UHVWULFWRDODFXHQFDGHOUtR1HJURWLHQHQXQDGLVWULEXFLyQDORSiWULFDDVRFLDGDDOWLSRGHDJXDO. bicirrhosum habita en aguas neutras
a ligeramente alcalinas, mientras O. ferreiraiHQDJXDVQHJUDVDOWDPHQWHiFLGDV5Hportes de desembarque pesquero y consulta con pescadores (comunicación personal)
FRQWULEX\HQ D HVWD DÀUPDFLyQ PRVWUDQGR TXH O. bicirrhosum no se distribuye en las
iFLGDVDJXDVGHOUtR1DQD\S+,QIRUPH7pFQLFR,5'6(1$0+,(FKHQLTXH
HWDO3DUiPHWURVHFROyJLFRVMXJDQGRHOSDSHOGHEDUUHUDVRGHSUHIHUHQGXPSRGUtDQHVWDULQÁXHQFLDQGRHQODHVWUXFWXUDFLyQGHO. bicirrhosumHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQDGHELGRDTXHODHVSHFLHVHGLVWULEX\HHQXQDDPSOLDH[WHQVLyQWHUULWRULDOKDELWDQGR
PXFKDVYHFHVFXHUSRVFRQSDUiPHWURVItVLFRTXtPLFRVGLIHUHQWHV3RUHMHPSORODJUDQ
GLIHUHQFLDREVHUYDGDHQWUHODSREODFLyQGHO5LPDFKL3DVWD]DFRQODVGH+XDSDSD\
(O(VWUHFKRDPEDVGHO3XWXPD\RSRGUtDQVHUXQDUHVSXHVWDDGLIHUHQFLDVHFROyJLFDV
HQWUHVXVKDELWDWV)XWXURVHVWXGLRVFRPSOHPHQWDUHVSRGUtDQSURIXQGL]DUHVWHWHPD
130
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
$GHPiVODDUDKXDQDHVXQSH]VHGHQWDULR3HUHLUD\VyORUHDOL]DPLJUDFLRQHV
HQODVFUHFLHQWHVSDUDVXDOLPHQWDFLyQXWLOL]DQGRVXFDSDFLGDGGHVDOWDUIXHUDGHODJXD
6DLQW3DXOHWDO1XHVWURVGDWRVGLFHQTXHH[LVWHFRUUHODFLyQHQWUHODGLVWDQFLD
JHQpWLFD\ODJHRJUiÀFDPRVWUiQGRQRVTXHODVSREODFLRQHVJHQpWLFDVHVWiQDLVODGDV
SRUODGLVWDQFLDHQOtQHDUHFWDVXSXHVWDPHQWHHQUHODFLyQFRQXQDGLVSHUVLyQGHORV
SHFHVSRUODOODQXUDGHLQXQGDFLyQSREODFLRQHVFHUFDQDV(VWXGLRVUHFLHQWHVPXHVWUDQWDPELpQTXHUDVJRVGHYLGDFRPRODIHFXQGLGDGSHULRGRGHUHSURGXFFLyQ\FUHFLPLHQWRVRQYDULDEOHVHQWUHSREODFLRQHVJHRJUiÀFDVGHO. bicirrhosum:DW\
5XL]
REFERENCIAS
Argumedo, E. G. 2005. Arawanas, manual para la cría comercial en cautiverio. Asociación de Acuicultores del Caquetá (ACUICA). Caquetá,Colombia. 105pp.
%DOORX[ ) /XJRQ0RXOLQ 1 7KH HVWLPDWLRQ RI SRSXODWLRQ GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ ZLWK
PLFURVDWHOOLWHPDUNHUV0ROHFXODU(FRORJ\
Cala, P. 1973. Presencia de Osteoglossum em los Llanos (Orinoquia). Acta Zoologica
Colombiana. 18, 8.
'H-HVXV'D6LOYD7GH-+UEHN7)DULDV,30LFURVDWHOOLWHPDUNHUVIRUWKH
silver arowana (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, Osteoglossidae, Osteoglossiformes). MoOHFXODU(FRORJ\5HVRXUFHV
'R\OH--'R\OH-/$UDSLG$'1LVRODWLRQSURFHGXUHIRUVPDOOTXDQWLWLHVRI
IUHVKOHDIWLVVXH3K\WRFKHP%XOO
(FKHQLTXH521~xH]$YHOODQHGD0'XTXH65&KORURFRFFDOHVGHOD$PD]RQLD
FRORPELDQD,&KORUHOODFHDH\6FHQHGHVPDFHDH&DOGDVLD
)HOVHQVWHLQ-3+</,33K\ORJHQ\LQIHUHQFHSDNDJHYHUVLyQJHQHUDOLQIRUmation manual. University of Washintgton, Seattle, Washington. 132pp.
*HUODFK * 0XVROI . ) )UDJPHQWDWLRQ RI ODQGVFDSH DV D FDXVH IRU JHQHWLF
VXEGLYLVLRQLQEDQNYROHV&RQVHUYDWLRQ%LRORJ\
,5'6(1$0+,,QIRUPH7pFQLFR´GD&RPLVLyQGHDIRURVPXHVWUHRGHDJXD\
VHGLPHQWRV&XHQFDVGHORV5tRV$PD]RQDV1DQD\0DUDxyQ1DSR8FD\DOLµ
Mantel, N. (1967). “The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression
DSSURDFKµ&DQFHU5HVHDUFK²
Moreau, M. A.; Coomes, O. T. 2006. Potential threat of the international aquarium trade
WRVLOYHUDUDZDQD2VWHRJORVVXPELFLUUKRVXPLQWKH3HUXYLDQ$PD]RQ2U\[²
0RUHDX0$&RRPHV27$TXDULXPÀVKH[SORLWDWLRQLQZHVWHUQ$PD]RQLD
FRQVHUYDWLRQLVVXHVLQ3HUX(QYLURQPHQWDO&RQVHUYDWLRQ
131
Ortiz, N.; Iannacone, J. 2008. Estado actual de los peces ornamentales amazónicos
GHOSHU~TXHSUHVHQWDQPD\RUGHPDQGDGHH[SRUWDFLyQ%LRORJLVW/LPD9RO1ž
54-67.
3DJH5'075((9,(:7UHHGUDZLQJVRIWZDUHIRU$SSOH0DFLQWRVKDQG0LFURVRIW:LQGRZV'LYLVLRQRI(QYLURQPHQWDODQG(YROXWLRQDU\%LRORJ\,QVWLWXWHRI%LRPHGLFDODQG/LIH6FLHQFHV8QLYHUVLW\RI*ODVJRZ*ODVJRZ6FRWODQG8.
3DOVVRQ60LFURVDWHOOLWHYDULDWLRQLQ'DSKQLDSXOH[IURPERWKVLGHVRIWKH%DOWLF
6HD0ROHFXODU(FRORJ\
3HUHLUD + (VWUDWpJLDV UHSURGXWLYDV GH SHL[HV DSOLFDGDV D DTXLFXOWXUD EDVHV
para o desenvolvimento de tecnologías de producao. Rev Bras Reprod Anim, Vol. 31,
1ž
Pouyaud. L.; Sudarto; Teugels, G. G. 2003. The different colour varieties of the Asian
DURZDQD6FOHURSDJHVIRUPRVXV2VWHRJORVVLGDHDUHGLVWLQFWVSHFLHVPRUSKRORJLFDQG
JHQHWLFHYLGHQFHV&\ELXP
5H\QROGV-%6:HLU&&&RFNHUKDP(VWLPDWLRQRIWKHFRDQFHVWU\FRHIÀFLHQWEDVLVIRUDVKRUWWHUPJHQHWLFGLVWDQFH*HQHWLFV
5XL]$&+LVWRULDGHYLGDGHOD´DUDKXDQDµ2VWHRJORVVXPELFLUUKRVXPFXYLHU
HQWUHVFXHQFDVGHODDPD]RQtDSHUXDQD7HVLVSDUDRSWDUHOJUDGRDFDGpPLFR
de Magister en Zoología con mención Ecología y Conservación. Universidad Nacional
Mayor de San Marcos. Lima-Perú. 63 pp.
6DLQW3DXO8=XDQRQ-9LOODFRUWD00*$5&,$)12(0,0$5&+)LVK
FRPPXQLWLHV LQ FHQWUDO$PD]RQLDQ ZKLWH DQG EODFNZDWHU ÁRRGSODLQV (QYLURQPHQWDO
%LRORJ\RI)LVKHV
Tang, P. Y.; Sivananthan, J.; Pillay, S. O.; Muniandy, S. 2004. Genetic Structure and
%LRJHRJUDSK\RI$VLDQ$URZDQD6FOHURSDJHVIRUPRVXV'HWHUPLQHGE\0LFURVDWHOOLWH
DQG 0LWRFKRQGULDO '1$ DQDO\VLV $VLDQ )LVKHULHV 6RFLHW\ 0DQLOD
Philippines.
Tang, P. Y.; Sivananthan, J.; Pillay, S. O.; Muniandy, S. 2004. Genetic Structure and
%LRJHRJUDSK\RI$VLDQ$URZDQD6FOHURSDJHVIRUPRVXV'HWHUPLQHGE\0LFURVDWHOOLWH
DQG 0LWRFKRQGULDO '1$ DQDO\VLV $VLDQ )LVKHULHV 6RFLHW\ 0DQLOD
Philippines.
Tiedemann, R.; Hardy, O.; Vekemans, X.; Milinkovitch, M. C. 2000. Higher impact of female than male migration on population structure in large mammals. Molecular Ecology
:DW\$(WXGHGHVWUDLWVG·KLVWRLUHGHYLHGHFLQTSRSXODWLRQVG·$UDKXDQD2VWHRJORVVXPELFLUUKRVXPVXELVVDQWGHVSUHVVLRQVGHSqFKHVFRQWUDVWpHVHQ$PD]RQLH
SpUXYLHQQH8QLYHUVLWp0RQWSHOOLHU,,0DHVWULDHQ(FRORJLHHW%LRGLYHUVLWpVSpFLDOLWpHQ
132
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
%LRGLYHUVLWp(FRORJLH(YROXWLRQ0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFLDS
:HLU%6&RFNHUKDP&&(VWLPDWLQJ)VWDWLVWLFVIRUWKHDQDO\VLVRISRSXODWLRQVWUXFWXUH(YROXWLRQ
133
AVANCES EN EL ESTUDIO DE LA VARIABILIDAD GENÉTICA DE
CINCO POBLACIONES NATURALES DE PAICHE, Arapaima gigas,
EN LA AMAZONIA PERUANA
&DUPHQ*DUFtD'iYLOD1,2'LDQD&DVWUR5XL]1,26RSKLH4XHURXLO1,3, Werner Chota-Macuyama 1,2, Juan García 2)UHG&KX.RR 1,3)DEULFH'XSRQFKHOOH 1,3-HV~V1~xH] 1,3;
-HDQ)UDQoRLV5HQQR1,3
/DERUDWRULR0L[WR,QWHUQDFLRQDO²(YROXFLyQ\'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHOD,FWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD/0,(',$
/DERUDWRULR GH %LRORJtD \ *HQpWLFD 0ROHFXODU /%*0 ,QVWLWXWR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV
GHOD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD,,$3&DUUHWHUD,TXLWRV1DXWDNP,TXLWRV3HU~(PDLO
&GDYLOD#\DKRRFRP
,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW,5'805,6(0,QVWLWXWGHV6FLHQFHVGHO·(YROXWLRQGH0RQWSHOOLHU8QLYHUVLWp0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFH
3URJUDPDGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ3DUDHO8VRGHO$JXD\VXV5HFXUVRV$48$5(&,QVtituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Carretera Iquitos Nauta km
4.5, Iquitos, Perú.
INTRODUCCIÓN
El paiche Arapaima gigasHVXQRGHORVSHFHVGHDJXDGXOFHPiVJUDQGHGH6XGDPpULFDSXHGHFUHFHUKDVWDWUHVPHWURV\SHVDUPiVGHNJ1HOVRQ7UDGLFLRQDOPHQWH$UDSDLPDIRUPDSDUWHGHODGLHWDGHXQDSRUFLyQVLJQLÀFDWLYDGHDPD]yQLFRV
TXHYLYHFHUFDGHORVUtRVGHODSODQLFLHGHLQXQGDFLyQ/DH[SORWDFLyQFRPHUFLDOGHO
paiche comenzó a principios del siglo 18, debido principalmente a la calidad de su carQHGHSURWHtQD\FDUHQFLDGHHVSLQDVLQWHUPXVFXODUHVSRUORFXDOHQHO%UDVLO
HVFRQVLGHUDGRFRPRVXVWLWXWRSDUDHOEDFDODR*DGXVPRUKXD(QHOVLJOR\
PiVGHWRQHODGDVGHSDLFKHIXHURQH[SRUWDGDVSRUDxRDSDUWLUGHOD$PD]RQtD
EUDVLOHxD9HUtVVLPR0HQH]HVORTXHGLROXJDUDODPXHUWHGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHHMHPSODUHVGHSDLFKHSRUDxR6HJ~QORVUHJLVWURVSHVTXHURVKDVWD
ORVDxRVHOSDLFKHHUDDEXQGDQWHFHUFDGHODVJUDQGHVFLXGDGHVGHOD$PD]RQtD
FRQWLQHQWDOSHURDSDUWLUGHORVDxRV\ORVHOSDLFKHVHFRQYLUWLyHQXQDHVSHFLH
PX\ HVFDVD \ FRPHUFLDOPHQWH H[WLQWD FHUFD GH ODV FLXGDGHV DPD]yQLFDV *RXOGLQJ
)RUPDQGRSDUWHGHODVHVSHFLHVYXOQHUDEOHVGHO&,7(6,,GHVGH
Este estudio pretende contribuir a la preservación del paiche Arapaima gigas, mediante
ODHYDOXDFLyQGHODYDULDELOLGDGJHQpWLFDHQFLQFRSREODFLRQHVQDWXUDOHVGHHVWDHVSHFLHHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
&ROHFWD\FRQVHUYDFLyQGHPDWHULDOELROyJLFR)XHURQDQDOL]DGDVXQWRWDOGHSRU
FDGDSREODFLyQHVSHFLPHQHVSURYHQLHQWHV+XDSDSD\(O(VWUHFKRDPERVHQHOUtR
3XWXPD\R+XLFXQJRHQHOUtR7DSLFKHODJR(O'RUDGRSHUWHQHFLHQWHDODFXHQFDGHOUtR
<DQD\DFX\ODJR5LPDFKLSHUWHQHFLHQWHDOUtR3DVWD]D)LJXUD
134
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
Figura 1. Localidades de colecta de paiche Arapaima gigas en la región Loreto (Ama]RQtDSHUXDQD
$QiOLVLVJHQpWLFR/DH[WUDFFLyQGHO$'1VHUHDOL]yGHDFXHUGRDOSURWRFRORFRQ&7$%
GH'R\OH'R\OH/DFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQJHQpWLFDIXHUHDOL]DGDPHGLDQWHHODQiOLVLV
GHSULPHUVPLFURVDWpOLWHVGLVHxDGRVSRU)DULDVHWDO/DUHDFFLyQIXHUHDOL]DGDHQXQYROXPHQWRWDOGHѥOFRQWHQLHQGRѥOGH$'1PROGHQJXO8ѥOGH
7DTSROLPHUDVD;GH%XIIHUP0GH0J&OP0GHG173Vѥ0GHFHEDGRUHV
\ DJXD XOWUDSXUD /DV FRQGLFLRQHV GH WHPSHUDWXUD IXHURQ XQ FLFOR GH GHQDWXUDFLyQ
LQLFLDODž&[PLQVHJXLGRGHFLFORVFRQVLVWHQWHHQXQDGHQDWXUDFLyQž&[
VHJ KLEULGDFLyQ [ PLQ FRQ WHPSHUDWXUD ySWLPD SDUD FDGD FHEDGRU \ H[WHQVLyQ
ƒ&[PLQVHJXLGRGHXQFLFORGHH[WHQVLyQÀQDODƒ&[PLQ/RVVHJPHQWRV
DPSOLÀFDGRVIXHURQGHQDWXUDGRV\VHSDUDGRVPHGLDQWHHOHFWURIRUHVLVFDSLODUXWLOL]DQGR
XQVHFXHQFLDGRU$SSOLHG%LRV\VWHPV;//RVSHVRVGHORVDOHORVGHFDGDPLFURVDWpOLWHIXHURQYLVXDOL]DGRVXVDQGRHOVRIWZDUH3HDN6FDQQHUYHUVLyQKWWSVSURGXFWVDSSOLHGELRV\VWHPVFRP/DHVWUXFWXUDFLyQJHQpWLFDGHHVSHFLPHQHVHVWXGLDGRV
IXHGHWHUPLQDGRPHGLDQWHHO$QiOLVLV)DFWRULDOGH&RUUHVSRQGHQFLD$)&HOtQGLFHGH
ÀMDFLyQ)VWXWLOL]DGRHQHVWHHVWXGLRSDUDFDOFXODUHOJUDGRGHGLIHUHQFLDFLyQHQWUHORV
JUXSRVIXHURQFDOFXODGRVFRQDX[LOLRGHOVRIWZDUH*HQHWL[YHUVLyQ%HONKLUHWDO
/RVDOHORVSULYDGRVIXHURQGHWHUPLQDGRVFRQDX[LOLRGHO6RIWZDUH*HQ$O([
3HDNDOO6PRXVH
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
6HREWXYLHURQXQWRWDOGHDOHORVHQORVHVSHFLPHQHVDQDOL]DGRVVLHQGRTXHHO
PD\RUQ~PHURGHDOHORVIXHURQHQFRQWUDGRVHQORVORFXV$JLFRQDOHORV\$JL
FRQDOHORVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHHQWDQWRTXHHOORFLDJLSUHVHQWRVRORGRVDOHORV6L
ELHQIXHURQHQFRQWUDGRVDOHORVSULYDGRVHQWUHODVFLQFRSREODFLRQHVDQDOL]DGDVODV
IUHFXHQFLDVGHODVPLVPDVIXHURQPX\EDMDV7DEOD/DSREODFLyQFRQPD\RUQ~PHUR
GHDOHORVSULYDGRVIXH+XLFXQJRUtR7DSLFKHFRQRFKRDOHORVHQWDQWRTXH(O(VWUHFKR
\5LPDFKLSUHVHQWDURQXQVRORDOHORFDGDXQR
7DEOD $OHORV SULYDGRV \ VXV IUHFXHQFLDV HQFRQWUDGRV HQ ODV FLQFR SREODFLRQHV GH
SDLFKHDQDOL]DGDVHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD
$QiOLVLVIDFWRULDOGHFRUUHVSRQGHQFLD(OUHVXOWDGRGH$)&ÀJPXHVWUDTXHHOSDLFKH
SUHVHQWDXQDIXHUWHHVWUXFWXUDFLyQJHQpWLFDHQWUHSREODFLRQHVGHFXHQFDVGLIHUHQWHV
FRPRSRUHMHPSORHOODJR5LPDFKLUtR3DVWD]DFRQODVSREODFLRQHVGHFXHQFDVGLVWDQWHVFRPRHO3XWXPD\R\HO7DSLFKHRHO<DQD\DFX(QWDQWRTXHSREODFLRQHVGHXQD
PLVPDFXHQFDRFXHQFDVFHUFDQDVQRSUHVHQWDQHVWUXFWXUDFLyQRGLIHUHQFLDFLyQJHQpWLFDFRPRSRUHMHPSOR(O(VWUHFKR\+XDSDSDUtRSXWXPD\R
/RVYDORUHVGH)VW7DEODPXHVWUDQTXHODSREODFLyQGHOODJR5LPDFKLSUHVHQWDODV
PD\RUHV GLIHUHQFLDFLRQHV FRQ ODV GHPiV SREODFLRQHV YDORUHV GH )VW YDULDURQ HQWUH
DHVWRVYDORUHVVHJ~QODHVFDODSURSXHVWDSRU+DUWO&ODUNLQGLFDQ
GLIHUHQFLDFLyQ JHQpWLFD PRGHUDGD D DOWD HQWUH HO 5LPDFKL \ ODV GHPiV SREODFLRQHV
GLVWDQFLDVJHQpWLFDVYDULDURQGHFRQ+XDSDSDDFRQ+XLFXQJR(QWDQWR
TXHODVSREODFLRQHVGHODFXHQFDGHOUtR3XWXPD\R(O(VWUHFKR\+XDSDSDSUHVHQWDQ
GLIHUHQFLDFLyQJHQpWLFDSHTXHxDHQWUHHOODV)VW GLVWDQFLDJHQpWLFD ,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
Figura 23UR\HFFLyQJUiÀFDGHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHO$)&FRQORVHMHV\SDUDORVLQGLYLGXRVGHODVGRVSREODFLRQHVHQHVWXGLRGHSDLFKH$UDSDLPDJLJDV
7DEOD5HVXOWDGRVGHOtQGLFHGHÀMDFLyQ)VW\GLVWDQFLDJHQpWLFD1HLREWHnido para las cinco de paiche Arapaima gigasSREODFLRQHVDQDOL]DGDV6LJQLÀFDQFLD
SS
(VWRVUHVXOWDGRVPXHVWUDQTXHDOFRQWUDULRGHORUHSRUWDGRHQODOLWHUDWXUDFLHQWtÀFD
+UEHUNHWDOODVSREODFLRQHVSHUXDQDVGH$UDSDLPDJLJDVSUHVHQWDQGLIHUHQFLDFLyQ JHQpWLFD HQWUH HOODV 3XGLHQGR HVWR VHU H[SOLFDGR SRU OD GLVWDQFLD JHRJUiÀFD
HQWUH ODV SREODFLRQHV DQDOL]DGDV \ HO FDUiFWHU SRFR PLJUDWRULR GH HVWD HVSHFLH TXH
SXHGHGHVSOD]DUVHDWUDYpVGHODÁRUHVWDLQXQGDGDHQWUHODJRVFHUFDQRVHQpSRFDGH
FUHFLHQWHPDQWHQLHQGRDVtXQDDFWLYDPLJUDFLyQTXHSHUPLWHHOÁXMRGHJHQHVHQWUH
HOORV(QWDQWRTXHHVWRQRHVSRVLEOHHQWUHSREODFLRQHVGHGLIHUHQWHVFXHQFDVGHELGR
HQJUDQSDUWHDODVHQRUPHVGLVWDQFLDVJHRJUiÀFDVHQWUHXQSXQWR\RWUR\DODSHUGLGD
GHSREODFLRQHVLQWHUPHGLDULDVDJXGL]DGRSRUDFFLyQGHXQDODUJDSUHVLyQDQWURSRJpQLFDGHSHVFDTXHUHGXMRRDFDERFRQODVPLVPDVTXHVHUYtDQGHHQODFHHQWUHSXQWRV
GLVWDQWHVHOLPLQDQGRFRQHVWRODSRVLELOLGDGGHXQÁXMRGHJHQHVSRUXQDPLJUDFLyQ
ORFDOSDVRDSDVR
REFERENCIAS
'R\OH--'R\OH-/$UDSLG'1$LVRODWLRQSURFHGXUHIRUVPDOOTXDQWLWLHVRI
IUHVKOHDIWLVVXH3K\WRFKHP%XOO
)DULDV,+UEHN7%ULQNPDQQ+6DPSDLR,0H\HU$&KDUDFWHUL]DWLRQDQG
LVRODWLRQRI'1$PLFURVDWHOOLWHSULPHUVIRU$UDSDLPDJLJDVDQHFRQRPLFDOO\LPSRUWDQW
EXWVHYHUHO\RYHUH[SORLWHGÀVKVSHFLHVRIWKH$PD]RQEDVLQ0ROHFXODU(FRORJ\1RWHV
3, 128-130.
*RXOGLQJ0)LVKHVDQGWKH)RUHVW8QLYHUVLW\RI&DOLIRUQLDSUHVV/RV$QJHOHV
CA
+UEHN7)DULDV,&URVVD06DPSDLR,3RUWR-0H\HU$3RSXODWLRQJHQHWLFDQDO\VLVRI$UDSDLPDJLJDVRQHRIWKHODUJHVWIUHVKZDWHUÀVKHVRIWKH$PD]RQEDVLQ
LPSOLFDWLRQVIRULWV$QLPDO&RQVHUYDWLRQ²
0DQLDWLV76DPEURRN-)ULWVFK()0ROHFXODU&ORQLQJ$/DERUDWRU\0DQXDO
Second Edition. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; New York.
0HQH]HV561RWDVELROyJLFDVHHFRQ{PLFDVVREUHRSLUDUXFX$UDSDLPDJLJDV
&XYLHU$FWLQRSWHU\JLL$UDSDLPLGDH6HUYLoRGH,QIRUPDomR$JUtFROD0LQLVWHULRGD
$JULFXOWXUD6HULHHVWXGRVWpFQLFRV
1HOVRQ-6)LVKHVRIWKH:RUOGUGHGLWLRQ-RKQ:LOH\DQG6RQV,QF1HZ
York, NY, 624 pp.
9HUtVVLPR-$3HVFDQD$PD]{QLD/LYUDULD&OiVVLFDGH$OYHV&5LRGH-Dneiro, Brazil, 130 pp
138
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
ANÁLISIS DE LA CONTRIBUCIÓN PATERNAL A DIFERENTES FAMILIAS DE Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (CASTELNAU, 1855) EN RELACIÓN CON LA SUPERVIVENCIA Y EL CRECIMIENTO LARVAL.
'LDQD &DVWUR5XL] 1,2 &KULVWLDQ )HUQiQGH] 3,46RSKLH 4XHURXLO 1,5, Werner Chota-Macuyama 1,2, Etienne Baras 5)DEULFH'XSRQFKHOOH1,5-HDQ)UDQoRLV5HQQR1,5, Carmen
*DUFtD'iYLOD1,2-HV~V1~xH]1,5
/DERUDWRULR0L[WR,QWHUQDFLRQDO²(YROXFLyQ\'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHOD,FWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD/0,(',$
/DERUDWRULR GH %LRORJtD \ *HQpWLFD 0ROHFXODU /%*0 ,QVWLWXWR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV
GHOD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD,,$3&DUUHWHUD,TXLWRV1DXWDNP,TXLWRV3HU~(PDLO
GQDFDVWUR#\DKRRFRP
3URJUDPDGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ3DUDHO8VRGHO$JXD\VXV5HFXUVRV$48$5(&,QVtituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Carretera Iquitos Nauta km
4.5, Iquitos, Perú.
/DERUDWRULRGH$FXDULVWLFD)DFXOWDGGH2FHDQRJUDItD3HVTXHUtD&LHQFLDV$OLPHQWDULDV\$FXLFXOWXUD)23&$8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO)HGHULFR9LOODUUHDO81)90LUDÁRres, Lima, Perú.
,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW,5'805,6(0,QVWLWXWGHV6FLHQFHVGHO·(YROXWLRQGH0RQWSHOOLHU8QLYHUVLWp0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFH
INTRODUCCIÓN
La doncella, es uno de los bagres amazónicos que presenta un elevado potencial para
OD SURGXFFLyQ FRPHUFLDO HQ WRGD$PpULFD GHO 6XU .RVVRZVNL *RXOGLQJ 5HLG'HELGRDODFDOLGDGGHVXÀOHWHFRQVLVWHQFLDDXVHQFLDGHHVSLQDVLQWUDPXVFXODUHV\VXDJUDGDEOHVDERUDGHPiVSRUVHUFRQVLGHUDGRFRPRSH]RUQDPHQWDO
HQVXHWDSDMXYHQLO3DGLOODHWDOSUHVHQWDXQDJUDQGHPDQGDHQHOPHUFDGR
UHJLRQDOHLQWHUQDFLRQDOTXHSRUDKRUDHVFXELHUWDDWUDYpVGHODSHVFDFRPHUFLDOHQ
DPELHQWHVQDWXUDOHV7HOOR*DUFtD(VWDGHPDQGDRFDVLRQDXQDXPHQWRGHOD
SUHVLyQGHSHVFD\ODFDSWXUDGHLQGLYLGXRVFRQWDOODVSRUGHEDMRGHODSULPHUDPDGXUH]
VH[XDOORFXDOJHQHUDXQDGLVPLQXFLyQGHVXVSREODFLRQHVQDWXUDOHV\IXWXUDVSpUGLGDV
HFRQyPLFDVSDUDHOVHFWRUSHVTXHUR7HOOR*DUFtD/DSLVFLFXOWXUDGHODGRQcella, es una buena opción para reducir la sobrepesca de sus poblaciones naturales,
FRQWULEX\HQGRGHHVWDPDQHUDDODELRFRQVHUYDFLyQGHOUHFXUVR*DUFtDHWDO
$SHVDUTXHHVWDHVSHFLHWLHQHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVIDYRUDEOHVSDUDVXFXOWLYRHQFDXWLYHULR
XQDEXHQDWDVDGHFUHFLPLHQWRNJ\FPHQPHVHVIHFXQGLGDGHOHYDGD
000 óvulos/kg), resistencia a la manipulación y adaptación a dietas balanceadas, no se
ORJUDGHVDUUROODUVXSLVFLFXOWXUD1~xH]/DSULQFLSDOOLPLWDQWHHVODHOHYDGDWDVD
de mortalidad ocasionada por el alto nivel de agresividad y canibalismo que presentan
VXVODUYDV0RQWDOYDQ1~xH]HWDO%DUDVHWDO$VLPLVPRHQGRQFHOODDSDUHFHQGHPDQHUDSUHFR]LQGLYLGXRVGHPD\RUWDPDxRGHQRPLQDGRV´MXPSHUVµ
FDSDFHV GH HMHUFHU GHSUHGDFLyQ VREUH ODV ODUYDV PiV SHTXHxDV RFDVLRQDQGR DOWDV
WDVDVGHPRUWDOLGDG6LQHPEDUJRODPRUWDOLGDGQRVRORHVFDXVDGDSRUHOFDQLEDOLVPR
VLQRWDPELpQSRUODVKHULGDVRFDVLRQDGDVSRUHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRDJUHVLYRGHODVODUYDV
'XJXpHWDO(QHVWHVHQWLGRQRVSUHJXQWDPRVVLH[LVWHXQDYDULDELOLGDGHQHO
FUHFLPLHQWRGHODVSURJHQLHVHQUHODFLyQFRQVXVSURJHQLWRUHVTXHSRGUtDLQGXFLUXQD
GLIHUHQFLDGHWDPDxRODFXiORULJLQDHOFDQLEDOLVPRGXUDQWHODFUtDGHGRQFHOODHQDPELHQWHFRQWURODGR3DUDORFXDOKHPRVGLVHxDGRGRVH[SHULPHQWRVFRQVLWXDFLRQHVGLIHUHQWHVIDPLOLDVHQVLWXDFLyQFRPXQDO\IDPLOLDVVHSDUDGDVVLHQGRHOREMHWLYRGHHVWH
estudio relacionar las variaciones de supervivencia y heterogeneidad de crecimiento de
ODUYDV\MXYHQLOHVHQIXQFLyQGHORULJHQJHQpWLFRGHGLIHUHQWHVIDPLOLDVGHODGRQFHOOD
REWHQLGDVSRUIHUWLOL]DFLyQFUX]DGD
METODOLOGÍA
/DVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVIXHURQUHDOL]DGDVHQORVODERUDWRULRVGHUHSURGXFFLyQLQGXFLGDGH
3HFHV\GH%LRORJtD\*HQpWLFD0ROHFXODU/%*0GHOFHQWURH[SHULPHQWDO4XLVWRFRFKD ,QVWLWXWR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV GH OD$PD]RQtD 3HUXDQD ,,$3 XELFDGR HQ HO NPGHOD&DUUHWHUD,TXLWRV1DXWD'LVWULWRGH6DQ-XDQ%DXWLVWD3URYLQFLDGH0D\QDV
GHSDUWDPHQWRGH/RUHWR6HPDUFyFRQ3,7WDJVLQGLYLGXDOPHQWHDORVHMHPSODUHV
GHOSODQWHOGHUHSURGXFWRUHVOXHJRSDUDHOFDVRGHIDPLOLDVFRPXQDOHVLGHQWLÀFDPRVHO
JHQRWLSRDXQDKHPEUD\FXDWURPDFKRVVH[XDOPHQWHPDGXURV(OHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHO
JHQRWLSRGHORVUHSURGXFWRUHV\ODUHFRQWUXFFLyQJHQpWLFDGHODSURJHQLHIXHUHDOL]DGD
VHJ~QORGHVFULWRSRU&DVWUR5XL]HWDO/DUHSURGXFFLyQLQGXFLGDIXHUHDOL]DGD
VHJ~QHOSURWRFRORGH1~xH]HWDO/DIHUWLOL]DFLyQ\FXOWLYRGHODSURJHQLHVH
UHDOL]yVHJ~QORGHVFULWRSRU&DVWURHWDO6HUHDOL]DURQWUHVPXHVWUHRVDOD]DU
FRQWUHVUHSHWLFLRQHV\HQORVWUHVFRQWUROHV(OFRQWUROODUYDVDGSISDUDGHWHUPLQDU
SULQFLSDOPHQWHODFRQWULEXFLRQGHFDGDPDFKRFRQWURODOHYLQHVGHGSISDUDGHWHUPLQDUVLKD\IDFWRUHVPDFKRRKHPEUDTXHLQWHUYLHQHQVREUHHOXVRGHOYLWHOR\FRQWURO
DOHYLQHVGHGSISDUDGHWHUPLQDUVLVREUHWRGRDOSHULRGRGHFXOWLYRHOFDQLEDOLVPR
GHSHQGHGHORVIDFWRUHVSDUHQWDOHV3DUDFDGDFRQWUROVHFROHFWDURQDOD]DULQGLYLGXRVHQWUHODVWUHVUHSHWLFLRQHVKDFLHQGRXQWRWDOGHLQGLYLGXRV&DGDXQRGHORV
LQGLYLGXRVIXHIRWRGRFXPHQWDGR\FRQVHUYDGRVHQDOFRKRODOKDVWDHOPRPHQWRGH
ODUHFRQVWUXFFLyQGHODLGHQWLGDGJHQpWLFD$SDUWLUGHODGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHODSURJHQLH
SRUDVLJQDFLyQGHSDUHQWHVFRIXHSRVLEOHFDOFXODUODYLDELOLGDGGLIHUHQFLDOGHODVFXDWUR
IDPLOLDVHQORVWUHVFRQWUROHV3DUDHYDOXDUHOGHVDUUROORGHORVLQGLYLGXRVIXHURQGHterminadas las variaciones de: volumen del saco vitelino, crecimiento, longitud y ancho
GHFDEH]D\DTXHGHOWDPDxRGHFDEH]DYDGHSHQGHUHOWDPDxRGHERFD\DVXYH]OD
SRVLELOLGDGGHHMHFHUHOFDQLEDOLVPR
3DUDHOFDVRGHIDPLOLDVVHSDUDGDVIXHURQVHOHFFLRQDGRVVHLVHMHPSODUHVWUHVKHPEUDV\WUHVPDFKRVHQWUHORVUHSURGXFWRUHVGHOSODQWHOGHGRQFHOOD,QPHGLDWDPHQWH
GHVSXpVDOLJXDOTXHHQHOH[SHULPHQWRDQWHULRUORVUHSURGXFWRUHVHOHJLGRVIXHURQLQGXFLGRVDOGHVRYHXWLOL]DQGRHOSURWRFRORVHJ~Q1~xH]HWDO(QHVWHH[SHULPHQWR
ODIHUWLOL]DFLyQVHUHDOL]yPH]FODQGRORVyYXORVGHFDGDKHPEUDFRQHOHVSHUPDGHFDGD
PDFKRJGHFDGDKHPEUDFRQѥOGHVHPHQGHFDGDPDFKRGLOXLGRFLQFRYHFHV
FRQVXHURÀVLROyJLFRREWHQLpQGRVHXQWRWDOGHQXHYHIDPLOLDVWUHVKHPEUDV[WUHVPDFKRV QXHYHIDPLOLDVFRQWUHVUHSHWLFLRQHVSDUDFDGDIDPLOLD/DVWDVDVGHHFORVLyQ
IXHURQGHWHUPLQDGDVDODVKRUDVSRVWIHUWLOL]DFLyQ6HFDOFXODURQORVSRUFHQWDMHVGH
HFORVLyQGHODVODUYDVQRUPDOHV\DQRUPDOHV8QDYH]RFXUULGDODHFORVLyQDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHODUYDVGHFDGDIDPLOLDGHWHUPLQDGRVSRUXQPpWRGRYROXPpWULFRIXHURQ
FROHFWDGRVDOD]DU\WUDQVIHULGRVDOVLVWHPDGHFLUFXLWRFHUUDGRSRUWULSOLFDGRSDUDVX
FXOWLYRSRUXQSHULRGRGHGtDVeVWDVIXHURQDOLPHQWDGDVDSDUWLUGHOWHUFHUGtDSRVW
IHUWLOL]DFLyQGSIFRQQDXSOLRVGHDUWHPLDSRUXQSHULRGRGHVHLVGtDVOXHJRIXHURQ
140
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
adaptadas progresivamente a un alimento microparticulado para camarón por un peULRGRGHFXDWURGtDV\ÀQDOPHQWHDGDSWDGDVDXQDOLPHQWRSHOHWL]DGRGXUDQWHFXDWUR
GtDV/DIUHFXHQFLDGHDOLPHQWDFLyQIXHGHFLQFRYHFHVDOGtD
\6HKLFLHURQFRQWUROHV&GSI&GSI&GSI&GSI\&
GSIHQFDGDFRQWUROVHFROHFWyDOD]DUODUYDVGHFDGDIDPLOLDFRQWUHVUHSHWLFLRQHV
GHFDGDXQDODVFXiOHVVHIRWRGRFXPHQWDURQ\OXHJRVHFRQVHUYDURQHQIRUPRODO
FRPRPXHVWUDYRXFKHU$VLPLVPRVHGHWHUPLQDURQODVWDVDVGHVXSHUYLYHQFLDHQFDGD
WDQTXHSRUFRQWHRGLUHFWR$SDUWLUGHpVWRVGDWRVIXHSRVLEOHFDOFXODUODYLDELOLGDGGLIHUHQFLDOGHODVQXHYHIDPLOLDVHQORVGLIHUHQWHVFRQWUROHVGHPXHVWUHR(O~QLFRFDUiFWHU
PRUIROyJLFRPHGLGRSDUDORVFLQFRFRQWUROHVIXHODORQJLWXGWRWDOUHJLVWUDGDHQPPHO
FXDOVHREWXYRDWUDYpVGHOVRWIZDUH,PDJH-KWWSUVELQIRQLKJRYLM
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
(QODVIDPLOLDVHQVLWXDFLyQFRPXQDODQDOL]DQGRJOREDOPHQWHORVLQGLYLGXRV7DEOD
REVHUYDPRVTXHORVPDFKRVFRQWULEX\HQGHGLIHUHQWHPDQHUDDODIHFXQGDFLyQ\
VXSHUYLYHQFLDGHVXSURJHQLH(QORVWUHVFRQWUROHVREVHUYDPRVTXHODIDPLOLDIXHOD
TXHSUHVHQWyHOPD\RUQ~PHURGHLQGLYLGXRVHQWDQWRTXHODIDPLOLDSUHVHQWy
VRORRFKRLQGLYLGXRV6LDQDOL]DPRVSRUFDGDFRQWUROODVIDPLOLDV\IXHURQVLHPSUH
ODVPiVQXPHURVDV
7DEOD&RQWULEXFLyQGHFDGDPDFKRGHGRQFHOODDODUHSURGXFFLyQ\VXSHUYLYHQFLD
/RV SRUFHQWDMHV GH UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ GH FDGD IDPLOLD HQ FDGD FRQWURO HVWiQ LQGLFDGRV
HQWUHSDUpQWHVLV
Familias
Familia 1
Familia 2
Familia 3
Familia 4
7RWDO
Control 1 Control 2 Control 3
GSI
GSI
GSI
total de
individuos
(10) 3
(34)
(10)
)
21 (42)
(14)
22 (44)
(10) 1
8
0
'XUDQWHHOSHULRGRGHVHJXLPLHQWR)LJXUDREVHUYDPRVODIRUPDFLyQGHGRVJUXSRV
HQEDVHDVXYLDELOLGDG8QSULPHUJUXSRIRUPDGRSRUODVIDPLOLDV\HOFXDOSUHVHQWDDOWDYLDELOLGDGHQHOWLHPSR\XQVHJXQGRJUXSRIRUPDGRSRUODVIDPLOLDV\HO
FXDOPXHVWUDPHQRUYLDELOLGDGHQHOWLHPSR/DDOWDYLDELOLGDGSRGUtDUHÁHMDUXQDEXHQD
FRPSDWLELOLGDGHQWUHODSDUHMDGHUHSURGXFWRUHV\ODEDMDYLDELOLGDGSRGUtDLQGLFDUEDMD
FRPSDWLELOLGDGHQWUHHOORV
141
Figura 1.(YROXFLyQGHODVIUHFXHQFLDVUHODWLYDVGHODVFXDWURIDPLOLDVGHODGRQFHOODHQ
VLVWHPDGHFUtDFRPXQDO
/DYDULDFLyQGHOYROXPHQGHVDFRYLWHOLQRQRIXHDIHFWDGDSRUORVSDGUHV3RUORWDQWR
SRGUtDPRVLQIHULUTXHHOJHQRWLSRSDWHUQRQRWLHQHLQÁXHQFLDVLJQLÀFDWLYDVREUHODXWLOL]DFLyQGHOVDFRYLWHOLQRGXUDQWHODIDVHODUYDULDGHHVWDHVSHFLH/DYDULDFLyQGHOWDPDxR
GHODSURJHQLHGHVGHHOGSIKDVWDORVGSIQRIXHGLIHUHQFLDGDSRUORVSDGUHV
$VLPLVPRQRHQFRQWUDPRVLQÁXHQFLDSDWHUQDOHQODVGLPHQVLRQHVGHODFDEH]DORQJLWXG\DQFKRSRUORWDQWRHOSDGUHQRSDUHFHFRQWULEXLUHQODVYHQWDMDVTXHSRGUtD
DGTXLULU VX SURJHQLH VREUH RWURV LQGLYLGXRV FXDQGR SUHVHQWD XQD ERFD PiV JUDQGH
'HHVWDH[SHULHQFLDSRGHPRVGHGXFLUTXHVLELHQHOHIHFWRSDWHUQRQRWLHQHLQÁXHQFLD
VREUHHOPHWDEROLVPRHOFUHFLPLHQWR\ODPRUIRORJtDGHODSURJHQLHKDVWDDQWHVGHORV
GSISRGUtDWHQHULQÁXHQFLDHQODYLDELOLGDGGHODPLVPD/DVFXDWURIDPLOLDVVHGLVWLQJXHQSRUVXYLDELOLGDGPiVQRSRUHOFUHFLPLHQWR
'HODVQXHYHIDPLOLDVVHSDUDGDV)LJXUDVHLVIDPLOLDVWXYLHURQVLPLODUp[LWR))
)))\)HQODWDVDGHHFORVLyQWUHVWXYLHURQEDMRp[LWR))\)UHVXOWDQGRVHUODSHRUODIDPLOLD(OEDMRp[LWRHQODHFORVLyQSRGUtDRULJLQDUVHSRUXQDFLHUWD
LQFRPSDWLELOLGDGHQWUHODSDUHMDGHUHSURGXFWRUHV$SHVDUGHHVWRODVIDPLOLDV))
\)KHPEUDUHVXOWDURQWHQHUODSURJHQLHGHPD\RUWDPDxRDORVGSI3RURWUR
ODGRHOSRUFHQWDMHGHODUYDVDQRUPDOHV)LJXUDIXHEDMRSDUDODVIDPLOLDV)))
KHPEUD)))KHPEUDE\HOHYDGRSDUDODVIDPLOLDV))\)KHPEUD
142
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
Figura 2.3RUFHQWDMHWRWDOGHODUYDVHFORVLRQDGDV\DQRUPDOHVGHIDPLOLDVGHODGRQFHOODDODVKRUDVGHVSXpVGHODIHUWLOL]DFLyQ
6LQHPEDUJRHVWDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDQRLQÁX\HHQHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHODVIDPLOLDVGHODKHPEUD /D KHPEUD WLHQH EDMR SRUFHQWDMH GH ODUYDV DQRUPDOHV \ HOHYDGR p[LWR HQ OD
HFORVLyQVLQHPEDUJRDOÀQDOGHOSHULRGRGHVHJXLPLHQWRUHVXOWyVHUODSHRUKHPEUD
3RUORWDQWRSRGUtDPRVGHGXFLUTXHHOSRUFHQWDMHGHHFORVLyQ\ODUYDVDQRUPDOHVQR
son buenos indicadores a estos niveles de variación para predecir el crecimiento en
IDPLOLDVGHGRQFHOOD
/DORQJLWXGWRWDOKDVWDHOFRQWUROYDUtDOLJHUDPHQWHHQWUHIDPLOLDV)LJXUDHQHVWH
periodo las larvas se alimentaron solo con nauplios de artemia, por este motivo las
progenies no presentaron gran variación en crecimiento ya que este alimento vivo es
FRQVXPLGRIiFLOPHQWHSRUWRGDVODVODUYDVGHEDJUHV$SDUWLUGHOFRQWUROREVHUYDPRV
TXHODVYDULDFLRQHVVHYDQDFHQWXDQGR\PiVD~QHQHOFRQWURO(QHVWHSHULRGRODV
IDPLOLDVFDPELDURQSURJUHVLYDPHQWHGHDOLPHQWRGHDOLPHQWRYLYRDDOLPHQWRLQHUWH
SRVWHULRUPHQWH HQ HO ~OWLPR FRQWURO ORV DOHYLQHV IXHURQ DGDSWDGDV DO DOLPHQWR SHOHWL]DGR$OÀQDOGHOSHULRGRGHVHJXLPLHQWR)LJXUDODVIDPLOLDVVHGLVWULEX\HQHQGRV
JUXSRVORVFXDOHVSUREDEOHPHQWHVHFRQVWLWX\HURQVHJ~QODFDSDFLGDGGHDGDSWDFLyQ
TXHSUHVHQWDQDODOLPHQWRHOSULPHUJUXSRIRUPDGRSRUODVIDPLOLDVGHODVKHPEUDV
\HOVHJXQGRJUXSRIRUPDGRSRUODVIDPLOLDVGHODKHPEUD
143
Figura 3. 3URPHGLRGHORQJLWXGWRWDOGHODVIDPLOLDVGHODGRQFHOODDHGDGHVGLIHUHQWHV
Estas observaciones permiten la posibilidad de selección de planteles de reproductores
FRQODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPiVGHVHDEOHVFRPRODYHORFLGDGGHFUHFLPLHQWR\YLDELOLGDG
SUHFR]3RUORWDQWRSRGHPRVHYLGHQFLDUODLPSRUWDQFLDLQGLUHFWDGHDPERVUHSURGXFWRUHVHQODKLVWRULDGHYLGDWHPSUDQDGHODSURJHQLH
REFERENCIAS
%DUDV(6LOYDGHO$JXLOD'90RQWDOYDQ1DUDQMRV*9'XJXp5&KX.RR)'XSRQFKHOOH)5HQQR-)*DUFLD'iYLOD&1XxH]-+RZPDQ\PHDOVDGD\WR
PLQLPL]HFDQQLEDOLVPZKHQUHDULQJODUYDHRIWKH$PD]RQLDQFDWÀVK3VHXGRSODW\VWRPD
SXQFWLIHU"7KHFDQQLEDO·VSRLQWRIYLHZ$TXDW/LYLQJ5HVRXU
&DVWUR5XL]'4XHURXLO6%DUDV(&KRWD0DFX\DPD:'XSRQFKHOOH)1XxH]
-5HQQR-)*DUFtD'iYLOD&5'HWHUPLQDFLyQGHSDUHQWHVFRHQODUYDVGH
3VHXGRSODW\VWRPDIDVFLDWXP/LQQDHXVSURGXFLGDVHQFDXWLYHULR)ROLD$PD]yQLFDYRO²
'XJXp 5 &RUFX\ 1 'XSRQFKHOOH ) 5HQQR -) /HJHQGUH 0 1XxH] -
,QÁXHQFLDGHOIRWRSHULRGR\GHOULWPRGHDOLPHQWDFLyQVREUHODVREUHYLYHQFLDODUYDOGHO
surubí (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum).Comunicaciones del Coloquio Internacional. Bíología de las poblaciones de Peces de la Amazonia y Piscicultura,pp..199-204.
*DUFLD$7HOOR6DOYDGRU9DUJDV*'XSRQFKHOOH)3DWWHUQVRIFRPPHUFLDO
ÀVK ODQGLQJV LQ WKH /RUHWR UHJLRQ 3HUXYLDQ$PD]RQ EHWZHHQ DQG )LVK
3K\VLRO%LRFKHP²
144
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
*RXOGLQJ07KHÀVKHVDQGWKHIRUHVW([SORUDWLRQVLQ$PD]RQLDQQDWXUDOKLVWRU\
University of California Press, Berkeley. 280 pp.
.RVVRZVNL&3HUVSHFWLYHGH/·pOHYDJHGrVSRLVRQVFKDWV6LOXURLGHLHQ$PpULTXHGX6XG$TXDW/LYLQJ5HVRXU
Montalvan G. 2008. Ontogenia de la doncella, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus,
1766), y su relación con la dinámica del canibalismo. Tesis para optar el título de ingeQLHUR3HVTXHUR81)9)23&$/LPD
1XxH]-'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHQRXYHOOHVHVSqFHVG·LQWpUrWSLVFLFROHHQ$PD]RQLH
Cah Agric, vol, 18, n° 2-3.
1XxH]-'XJXp5&RUFX\1'XSRQFKHOOH)5HQQR-)5D\QDXG7+XEHUW1
Legendre, M. 2008. Induced breeding and larval rearing of Surubí, Pseudoplatystoma
fasciatum (Linnaeus,1766), from the Bolivian Amazon. Aquaculture Research, in press.
3DGLOOD3$OFiQWDUD),VPLxR55HSURGXFFLyQLQGXFLGDGHODGRQFHOOD3VHXGRSODW\VWRPD IDVFLDWXP \ GHVDUUROOR HPEULRQDULR ² ODUYDO )ROLD$PD]yQLFD 141- 155
Reid, S. 1983. La Biología de los Bagres Rayados Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum y P.
WLJULQXPHQODFXHQFDGHOUtR$SXUH9HQH]XHOD8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO([SHULPHQWDOGH
ORV/ODQRV2FFLGHQWDOHV(]HTXLHO=DPRUD6HULH3URG$JULF$xR1R
Tello, S.; García, A. 2009. La pesquería de grandes bagres en la región Loreto.Instituto
de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana. 28 pp
PISCÍCULTURA
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
DETERMINAÇÃO DA SELETIVIDADE ALIMENTAR EM LARVAS DE
MATRINXÃ Brycon amazonicus*
Ana Carolina Souza Sampaio10DUOH$QJpOLFD9LOODFRUWD&RUUHD2, Mário Roberto Chim
)LJXHLUHGR3 e Geraldo Bernardino4
,1&8)$0FKHURO\QH#JPDLOFRP'(3(6&$8)$0PDUOH#XIDPHGXEU)85*
GRFFKLP#IXUJEU6(3$6(3525JEHUQDUGLQR#LJFRPEU
'DGRVREWLGRVGD'LVVHUWDomRGH0HVWUDGRDSUHVHQWDGDDR3URJUDPDGH3yV*UDGXDomRHP$TLFXOWXUD8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGR5LR*UDQGH)85*3URMHWRÀQDQFLDGRSHOR&134H)$3($03URJUDPD5+3yVJUDG
INTRODUÇÃO
2PDWULQ[mBrycon amazonicuspXPDHVSpFLHQDWLYDFRPyWLPRGHVHPSHQKR]RRWpFQLFRHVHDGDSWDIDFLOPHQWHDRVVLVWHPDVGHFXOWLYRXWLOL]DGRVQDUHJLmRDPD]{QLFD
&RQWXGRDSURGXomRGHODUYDVHDOHYLQRVGHVWLQDGDDRDEDVWHFLPHQWRGHIRUPDVMRYHQVQmRWHPVXSULGRDGHPDQGDORFDOOHYDQGRRVSURGXWRUHVDLPSRUWiODVGHRXWURV
HVWDGRV
$VEDL[DVWD[DVGHVREUHYLYrQFLDREVHUYDGDVGXUDQWHDODUYLFXOWXUDGRPDWULQ[mWrP
VLGRIUHTHQWHPHQWHDVVRFLDGDVDRLQWHQVRFRPSRUWDPHQWRFDQLEDORFRUULGRQDVSULPHLUDVKRUDVDSyVDHFORVmR+$(ž&FRPVLJQLÀFDWLYRLQFUHPHQWRiV+$(
%HUQDUGLQRHWDO)DULD/RSHVHWDO&HFDUHOOL9ROSDWR/HRQDUGR5RPDJRVDHWDO.DPOHU
Dentre as alternativas apresentadas para minimizar as perdas por canibalismo, os cenWURVGHSURGXomRWrPXWLOL]DGRFRPRHVWUDWpJLDDOLPHQWDUODUYDVIRUUDJHLUDVFRPPHQRU
WDPDQKRHYHORFLGDGHGHQDWDomRHPUHODomRjVODUYDVGDHVSpFLHDVHUSURGX]LGD
IDFLOLWDQGRDVVLPDVXDFDSWXUD(P%DPD]RQLFXVHVWDSUiWLFDFDXVDXPDXPHQWRGD
KHWHURJHQHLGDGHHDSUHVHQWDDOWRVFXVWRVGHSURGXomRGHYLGRDRXVRGHSHL[HVIRUUDJHLURVFRPVLJQLÀFDWLYRYDORUHFRQ{PLFRHDSUHFLDomRSHORPHUFDGRFRQVXPLGRUFRPR
SDFX3LDUDFWXVPHVRSRWDPLFXV&HFFDUHOOLWDPEDTXL&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXP
%HUQDUGLQRHWDOHFXULPEDWi3URFKLORGXVVSS*RPHV
$VODUYDVGRPDWULQ[mVmRDOWULFLDLVHXWLOL]DPR]RRSOkQFWRQFRPRSULPHLURUHFXUVRDOLPHQWDUQDQDWXUH]DFRPWXGRDSHVDUGDSURGXomRGHVWHVRUJDQLVPRVHPODUJDHVFDOD
H HP DPELHQWHV FRQWURODGRV VHU XPD SUiWLFD RQHURVD 'DEURZVNL RV DSRQWD
FRPRIRQWHVQDWXUDLVGHSURWHtQDViFLGRVJUD[RVOLStGHRVYLWDPLQDVHHQ]LPDVVHQGR
LPSRUWDQWHVSDUDDQXWULomRGHSHL[HVGHiJXDGRFH
$SHVDUGDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVIDYRUiYHLVjXWLOL]DomRGH]RRSOkQFWRQQDDOLPHQWDomRLQLFLDO
GHODUYDVVmRHVFDVVRVRVWUDEDOKRVYLVDQGRLGHQWLÀFDURVRUJDQLVPRVXWLOL]DGRVFRPR
DOLPHQWRGHYLGRjVYDULDo}HVQRWDPDQKRHJUXSRWD[RQ{PLFR(VWXGRVGHVHOHWLYLGDGHDOLPHQWDUSHUPLWLUmRPDQLSXODUDVLQWHUDo}HVHQWUHSUHVDHSUHGDGRURWLPL]DQGRR
GHVHPSHQKRGDVODUYDVTXDQGRDOLPHQWDGDVFRPLWHQVSUHIHUHQFLDLV6LSD~ED7DYDUHV6mRHVFDVVDVLQIRUPDo}HVTXHVXEVLGLHPDSURGXomRGHDOLPHQWRYLYRHP
ODUJDHVFDODSDUDRPDWULQ[mHDOpPGLVVRQmRVHFRQKHFHDLGDGHHPTXHDVODUYDV
LQLFLDPDDOLPHQWDomRH[yJHQDMiTXHRLQtFLRGRFDQLEDOLVPRjVKDSyVDIHUWLOL]DomRQmRUHSUHVHQWDDDSWLGmRjGLJHVWmRGHLWHQVLQJHULGRV(VWHWUDEDOKRWHPFRPR
REMHWLYR GHWHUPLQDU D VHOHWLYLGDGH DOLPHQWDU GDV ODUYDV GH PDWULQ[m FRPR VXSRUWH i
SURGXomRGHDOLPHQWRSUHIHUHQFLDOSDUDODUYLFXOWXUDGDHVSpFLH
MATERIAL E MÉTODOS
2H[SHULPHQWRIRLUHDOL]DGRQD(VWDomRGH3LVFLFXOWXUDGR&HQWURGH7HFQRORJLD7UHLQDPHQWRH3URGXomRHP$TLFXOWXUD&773$HP3UHVLGHQWH)LJXHLUHGR$PD]RQDV
QR SHUtRGR GH MDQHLUR D IHYHUHLUR GH /DUYDV GH D K REWLGDV SRU LQGXomR
KRUPRQDO IRUDP WUDQVIHULGDV SDUD XPD LQFXEDGRUD H[SHULPHQWDO FLOLQGURF{QLFD FRP
YROXPH~WLOGH/HDHUDomRVXSOHPHQWDUQDGHQVLGDGHGHODUYDVSRUOLWURWRWDOL]DQGRODUYDVLQFXEDGRUD$FDGDKRUDVHUDPRQWDGRQRYRH[SHULPHQWRFRPODUYDV
GRPHVPRORWHPDQWLGDVHPFRQGLo}HVH[SHULPHQWDLVVHPHOKDQWHV
2VLWHQVDOLPHQWDUHVRIHUWDGRVIRUDPUDomRFRPHUFLDOSXOYHUL]DGDSDUDODUYDVPDUFD
0XOWLIyVŠ FRP GH SURWHtQD EUXWD 3% H ]RRSOkQFWRQ FROHWDGR QRV YLYHLURV GD
HVWDomRFRPUHGHGHSOkQFWRQPDOKDѥP$VDPRVWUDVFROHWDGDVSRVVXtDPUHSUHVHQWDQWHVGRVJUXSRV&ODGRFHUD&RSHSRGD5RWLIHUDH1iXSOLRVGRVGLIHUHQWHVJUXSRV
FODVVLÀFDGRV VHJXQGR 6LSD~ED7DYDUHV 5RFKD H TXDQWLÀFDGRV SDUD RIHUWD
GLiULDGHRUJDQLVPRVSRUODUYDDFUHVFLGDGHUDomRGLVWULEXtGDXQLIRUPHPHQWHHP
XPDÀQDFDPDGDGDVXSHUItFLHGDiJXDQDVLQFXEDGRUDV
$SUR[LPDGDPHQWHPLQDSyVDRIHUWDGHDOLPHQWRHUDPFROHWDGDVODUYDVDVTXDLV
IRUDPFRQVHUYDGDVHPIRUPROWDPSRQDGRSDUDSRVWHULRUDQiOLVHGHFRQWH~GRHVWRPDFDO UHJLVWUR GH FRPSULPHQWR WRWDO &7 FRPSULPHQWR SDGUmR &3 GLkPHWUR GR
ROKR'2FRPSULPHQWRGDPD[LOD&P[FRPSULPHQWRGDPDQGtEXOD&PGHFDOFXOR
GDDEHUWXUDPi[LPDGDERFDXWLOL]DQGRDHTXDomRSURSRVWDSRU6KLURWD
$ GHWHUPLQDomR GR *UDX GH 5HSOHomR *5 GR HVW{PDJR H TXDQWLÀFDomR GRV LWHQV
LQJHULGRVIRLIHLWDXWLOL]DQGRVHRPpWRGRQXPpULFR+\VORSFRPRVGDGRVH[SUHVVRVHPIUHTrQFLDGHRFRUUrQFLD)21DDQiOLVHGRFRQWH~GRHVWRPDFDOHUDP
UHJLVWUDGRV Q~PHUR H WLSR GH SUHVDV HQFRQWUDGDV FRPSULPHQWR GD SUHVD &S PHGLGD HQWUH DV H[WUHPLGDGHV GR HL[R kQWHURSRVWHULRU H DOWXUD GD SUHVD /S PHGLGD
QDSRUomRPDLVODUJDGRHL[RGRUVRYHQWUDOGRFRUSR$GHWHUPLQDomRGRVtQGLFHVGH
VHOHWLYLGDGHIRLIHLWDVHJXQGRIyUPXODGHVFULWDSRU3DORKHLPR$TXDOLGDGHGH
iJXDIRLPRQLWRUDGDGLDULDPHQWHXWLOL]DQGRVHHTXLSDPHQWRVGLJLWDLVSDUDPHGLomRGH
R[LJrQLRWHPSHUDWXUDS+HFRQGXWLYLGDGH
RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO
2VYDORUHVPpGLRVGHR[LJrQLRWHPSHUDWXUDSKHFRQGXWLYLGDGHIRUDP“
““H“(VWHVYDORUHVHVWmRGHQWURGDIDL[DGHYDULDomRFRQVLGHUDGDQRUPDOSDUDSHL[HVWURSLFDLVSRU$UDQD$DQiOLVHGRFRQWH~GRHVWRPDFDOGDVODUYDVFRPKDSyVDHFORVmR+$(QmRUHYHORXLQJHVWmRGHLWHQV
DOLPHQWDUHVRTXHSRGHHVWDUDVVRFLDGRiQmRIXQFLRQDOLGDGHGRDSDUHOKRGLJHVWyULRH
H[FOXVLYDXWLOL]DomRGRYLWHOR
148
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
$ LQJHVWmR GH &ODGRFHUD IRL UHJLVWUDGD HP PDLV GH GDV ODUYDV DQDOLVDGDV QDV
LGDGHVH+$(QDVTXDLVRtQGLFHGHVHOHWLYLGDGHDOLPHQWDU
DSUHVHQWRXVHSRVLWLYR7DEHOD1DVLGDGHVD+$(DSHVDUGHDVHOHWLYLGDGH
WHUVLGRFRQVLGHUDGDSRVLWLYDSDUD&RSHSRGDRVtQGLFHVDSUHVHQWDPVHPHQRUHVTXH
DTXHOHVREVHUYDGRVSDUD&ODGRFHUDUHÁHWLQGRDLQGDDVVLPPDLRUSUHIHUrQFLDDOLPHQWDUSRUHVWHVRUJDQLVPRV7DEHOD
7DEHOD9DORUHVGHVHOHWLYLGDGHDOLPHQWDUÌQGLFHGH3DORKHLPRVREUHR]RRSOkQFWRQ
5RWtIHUR&ODGRFHURH&RSpSRGDLQJHULGRSHODVODUYDVGRPDWULQ[mBrycon amazonicusGXUDQWHDODUYLFXOWXUDHPLQFXEDGRUD1)5 7DPEpPIRLREVHUYDGDSUHVHQoDGHJUkQXORVGHUDomRQRVWUDWRVGLJHVWyULRVHPODUYDV
FRPH+$(UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH(VWDLQJHVWmRSRGHHVWDUUHODFLRQDGDDRHVWtPXORTXtPLFRSURSRUFLRQDGRSHODOLEHUDomRGHPHWDEyOLWRVGRDOLPHQWR
YLYRQRPHLRTXHDVVRFLDGRDRHVWtPXORYLVXDOGRVPRYLPHQWRVGHVWHVQDiJXDSRGH
HOHYDUDVWD[DVGHLQJHVWmRGHDOLPHQWRLQHUWHHQFXUWDQGRRSHUtRGRGHWUDQVLomRDOLPHQWDUQDVODUYDV7HVVHU3RUWHOOD4XLQHWDO
3RURXWURODGRDLQJHVWmRGHUDomRSRGHWHURFRUULGRGHIRUPDRFDVLRQDOXPDYH]TXH
D SUHVHQoD GH GHWHUPLQDGR WLSR GH DOLPHQWR QRV HVW{PDJRV QmR VLJQLÀFD QHFHVVDULDPHQWHTXHHVWHVHMDRLWHPSUHIHULGRSRLVDLQJHVWmRGHLWHQVPHQRVSUHIHUHQFLDLV
SRGHVHURFDVLRQDGDSRUVXDPDLRUGLVSRQLELOLGDGHHQTXDQWRRDOLPHQWRSUHIHULGRHVWLYHUDXVHQWHSRXFRIUHTHQWHRXGLItFLOGHFDSWXUDU'UHQQHUHWDO&\UXV
$FRQWtQXDVHOHomRSRUDOLPHQWRYLYRREVHUYDGDGXUDQWHWRGRRSHUtRGRODUYDOD
+$(UHIRUoDDLPSRUWkQFLDGDRIHUWDGHVWHLWHPQDVIDVHVLQLFLDLV$PDLRUGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGRVRUJDQLVPRV&ODGRFHUDDOLDGDiPDLRUDWUDomRYLVXDOSRGHWHUIDFLOLWDGR
VXDFDSWXUDSHODVODUYDV)UHJDGROOLDSRQWDXPFRQMXQWRGHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVPRUIROyJLFDVGRV&ODGRFHUDTXHFRQIHUHPPDLRUYLVLELOLGDGHjVODUYDVWDPDQKRIRUPDH
SLJPHQWDomR
7DEHOD3URSRUo}HVHPSHUFHQWXDOGRVJUXSRVRIHUWDGRV2HLQJHULGRV,DFDGD
LGDGHSRUODUYDVGHPDWULQ[mBrycon amazonicus), durante a larvicultura em incubaGRUD
2V &RSHSRGD SRU VXD YH] DSUHVHQWDP PHFDQLVPRV GH ORFRPRomR PDLV HÀFLHQWHV
=DUHW)UHJDGROOLHDVHVStFXODVSUHVHQWHVQRVDSrQGLFHVHVHWDVFDXGDLV
GHVWHVRUJDQLVPRVWRUQDPGLItFLOVXDDSUHHQVmRHLQJHVWmRSHODVODUYDVSRGHQGRHVWHV
IDWRUHVWHUHPFRQWULEXtGRSDUDPDLRUSUHIHUrQFLDSRU&ODGRFHUD
'HPRGRJHUDODVHOHomRSRUSUHVDVGHPDLRUWDPDQKRHDXVrQFLDGHLQJHVWmRGH
QiXSOLRVH5RWLIHUDWHPVLGRREVHUYDGDQDPDLRULDGRVHVWXGRVFRPODUYDVGHSHL[HV
VXO DPHULFDQRV $WHQFLR *DUFLD HW DO FRUURERUDQGR FRP R FRPSRUWDPHQWR
DSUHVHQWDGRSHODVODUYDVGHPDWULQ[mQHVWHWUDEDOKR6HJXQGR:HUQHU+DOO
:DQNRZVN\H$EHOKDHWDOHVVDSUHIHUrQFLDSRGHVHUH[SOLFDGDSHODV
YDQWDJHQVGDPDLRUHÀFLrQFLDQREDODQoRHQHUJpWLFRGDVSUHVDVGHPDLRUWDPDQKR
2 FRQVXPR GH UDomR IRL REVHUYDGR HP WRGR R SHUtRGR H DV PDLRUHV IUHTrQFLDV GH
LQJHVWmRGHVWHLWHPIRUDPREVHUYDGDViVH+$(
DLQGD DVVLP HVWHV YDORUHV HVWmR PXLWR DEDL[R TXDQGR FRPSDUDGRV FRP D LQJHVWmR
GH ]RRSODQFWRQ$ RFRUUrQFLD GH FDQLEDOLVPR IRL REVHUYDGD VRPHQWH iV H
+$(HPHGDVODUYDVHPFDGDLGDGHUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH$SUHGDomR
LQWUDHVSHFtÀFDIRLFDUDFWHUL]DGDDWUDYpVGDREVHUYDomRGHLQGLYtGXRVSDUFLDOPHQWHLQJHULGRVFRPSRUo}HVGRUVDLVRXFDXGDLVH[SRVWDV1RVFDVRVHPTXHKRXYHFRPSOHWD
LQJHVWmRGDVODUYDVHVWDVVHHQFRQWUDYDPSDUFLDOPHQWHGLJHULGDVQRVHVW{PDJRV
(PODUYDVGHPDWULQ[mRPDLRUYDORUGHDEHUWXUDPi[LPDGDERFDIRLREVHUYDGRQRž
GLDGHYLGD+$(FRUUHVSRQGHQGRDGRFRPSULPHQWRWRWDO“TXDQGRDVODUYDVLQLFLDPRFDQLEDOLVPR6HJXQGR4XLQHWDORWDPDQKRGDERFDGR
SUHGDGRUGHWHUPLQDRWDPDQKRPi[LPRGDSUHVDFRQWXGRQHVWHWUDEDOKRQmRIRUDP
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
observadas relações entre altura e/ou largura da presa com o tamanho da boca das
ODUYDVEHPFRPRFRUUHODo}HVHQWUHDVGLPHQV}HVGDSUHVDDEHUWXUDPi[LPDGDERFD
WDPDQKRGDERFDHQ~PHURGHSUHVDVLQJHULGDV
2EVHUYRXVH FRUUHODomR SRVLWLYD 5ò HQWUH DV PHGLGDV GH FRPSULPHQWR WRWDO
&7HGLkPHWURGRROKR'2TXHVHJXQGR5RRHWDOSRGHLQGLFDUPDLRUKDELOLGDGHGDODUYDVSDUDFDSWXUDGHSUHVDVPDLRUHVQRHQWDQWRVmRQHFHVViULRVWUDEDOKRV
TXHDYDOLHPDUHODomRHQWUHRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDYLVmRHDVGHPDLVHVWUXWXUDV
CONCLUSÕES
$ LQJHVWmR GH LWHQV DOLPHQWDUHV SRU ODUYDV GH PDWULQ[m RFRUUH DSyV K DSyV
HFORVmR
2DOLPHQWRYLYR]RRSODQFWRQIRLRLWHPSUHIHUHQFLDODWpRžGLDDSyVDHFORVmR
2FRUUHXVHOHWLYLGDGHSRVLWLYDSDUD&ODGRFHUDGHDKRUDVDSyVDHFORVmR
$JUDGHFLPHQWRV$R&13T)$3($08)$0H6(3525
REFERÊNCIAS
$5$1$/$93ULQFtSLRVTXtPLFRVGHTXDOLGDGHGDiJXDHPDTLFXOWXUD8PD
UHYLVmRSDUDSHL[HVHFDPDU}HVHG)ORULDQySROLV8)6&S
$7(1&,2*$5&,$9=$1,%21,),/+2(3$5'2&$55$6&26$5,$6&$67(//$126$,QÁXrQFLDGDSULPHLUDDOLPHQWDomRQDODUYLFXOWXUDHDOHYLQDJHP
do yamú Brycon siebenthalae (Characidae). Acta Scientiarum, Animal Sciences, MarinJi
$%(/+$ 0 & )$*267,1+2$$ *28/$57 ( 3ODVWLFLGDGH WUyÀFD HP
SHL[HVGHiJXDGRFH$FWD6FLHQWLDUXP0DULQJi
%(51$5',12 * 6(1+25,1, -$ )217(6 1$ %2&. & / 0(1'21d$
-2-3URSDJDomRDUWLÀFLDOGRPDWULQ[m%U\FRQFHSKDOXV*h17+(5
7HOHRVWHL&KDUDFLGDH%ROHWLP7pFQLFRGR&(37$
CECCARELLI, P.S.; VOLPATO, G.L. 2001. Efeitos da densidade e proporção de presas
FRQVRUFLDGDVQRFUHVFLPHQWRHVREUHYLYrQFLDGHPDWULQ[m%U\FRQFHSKDOXV%ROHWLP
7pFQLFRGR&HSWD
&<586'3(StVRGLFHYHQWVDQGHVWXDUHVHIIHFWVRIF\FORQLFÁXVKLQJRQWKH
bentic fauna ande diet of Solea bleekeri (Teleostei) in lake St, Lucia on the south-easWHUQFRDVWRIÉIULFD-RXUQDO)LVK%LRORJ\
'$%52:6.,.7KHIHHGLQJRIÀVKODUYDHSUHVHQWVWDWHRIWKHDUWDQGSHUV
SHFWLYHV5HSURGXWLRQ1XWULWLRQ'HYHORSPHQW
'5(11(55:675,&./(5-52·%5,(1:-&DSWXUHSUREDELOLW\7KH
UROHRI]RRSODQNWHUHVFDSHLQWKHVHOHFWLYHIHHGLQJRISODQNWLYRURXVÀVKRIWKH)LVKHULHV
5HVHDUFK%RDUGRI&DQDGD
)$5,$ &$ 3URSDJDomR DUWLÀFLDO GH SLDEDQKD %U\FRQ LQVLJQLV QD VHomR GH
KLGURELRORJLD H DTXLFXOWXUD GH 3DUDLEXQD&(63 ,Q 6(0,1É5,2 62%5( &5,$d®2
'((63e&,(6'2*È1(52%5<&213LUDVVXQXQJD$QDLV3LUDVVXQXQJD&(37$
9-15
)5(*$'2//,&+6HOHomRDOLPHQWDUGDVODUYDVGHSDFX3LDUDFWXVPHVRSRWDmicus (Holmberg, 1887) e tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) em laboUDWyULR%ROHWLP7pFQLFRGR&(37$
GOMES, L.C. 1998. Sistema semi-intensivo para criação de larvas de Brycon cephaOXV3DQRUDPDGDDTLFXOWXUD
HYSLOP, E. J. 1980. Stomach contents analysis- a review of methods and their appliFDWLRQ-RXUQDORI)LVK%LRORJ\
.$0/(5(5HVRXUFHDOORFDWLRQLQ\RONIHHGLQJÀVK5HY)LVK%LRO)LVKHULHV
143–200
/(21$5'2$)*$omRGDWULLRGRWLURQLQDQDFULDomRGHODUYDVGHSLUDFDQMXED
%U\FRQRUELJQ\DQXVHGRPDWULQ[m%U\FRQFHSKDOXVS7HVH'RXWRUDGR
QR&HQWURGH$TLFXOWXUDGD81(63²)DFXOGDGHGH&LrQFLDV$JUiULDVH9HWHULQiULDGH
Jaboticabal, São Paulo
/23(6 510 6(1+25,1, -$ 62$5(6 0 &) 'HVHQYROYLPHQWR HPEULRQiULRHODUYDOGRPDWULQ[m%U\FRQFHSKDOXV*XQWKHU3LVFHV&KDUDFLGDH
%ROHWLP7pFQLFRGR&(37$3LUDVVXQXQJD
PALOHEIMO, L. E. 1979. Indices of food type preference by a predador. Journal of the
)LVKHULHV5HVHDUFK%RDUGRI&DQDGD
48,1-)$67$:'($1'$':(,'(1%$&+53*URZWKDQGVXUYLYDORI
ODUYDOVQDNHKHDG&KDQQDVWULDWXVIHGGLIIHUHQWGLHWV$TXDFXOWXUH
520$*26$(1$5$+$5$0<)(1(5,&+9(5$1,16WDJHVRIHPEU\RQLFGHYHORSPHQWRIWKH´PDWULQ[mµ%U\FRQFHSKDOXV3,6&(6&+$5$&,'$(%ROHWLP
GR,QVWLWXWRGH3HVFD6mR3DXOR
522 ) - 62&2552 - ,=48,(5'2 0 6 &$%$//(52 0 - +(51$1'(=&58=&0)(51$1'(=3$/$&,26+'HYHORSPHQWRIUHGSRUJ\3Dgrus pagrus visual system in relation with changes in the digestive tract and larval feeGLQJKDELWV$TXDFXOWXUH
6+,527$$6WXGLHVRQWKHPRXWKVL]HRIÀVKODUYDH%XOO-DSDQHVH6RFLHW\RI
6FLHQFH)LVK7RN\RYS
SIPAÚBA-TAVARES, L.H. 1993. Análise da seletividade alimentar em larvas de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e tambacu (híbrido, pacu - Piaractus mesopotamicus
– e tambaqui - Colossoma macropomum) sobre os organismos aquáticos. Acta Limno
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
logica Brasiliensia, v, 6, p,114-1132
6,3$Ô%$7$9$5(6/+52&+$23URGXomRGHSOkQFWRQÀWRSOkQFWRQH]RRSOkQFWRQSDUDDOLPHQWDomRGHRUJDQLVPRVDTXiWLFRV6mR&DUORVS
6,3$Ô%$7$9$5(6 /+$/9$5(= (- '$ 6 %5$*$ ) 0 '( 6 :DWHU
quality and zooplankton in tanks with larvae of Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes,
1949), Brazilian Journal of Biology v. 68, p,77-86
TESSER. M. B.; PORTELLA, M. C. 2006. Ingestão de ração e comportamento de larvas de pacu em resposta a estímulos químicos e visuais. Revista Brasileira de ZootecQLD
:$1.2:,6.,-:-%HKDYLRXUDODVSHFWVRISUHGDWLRQE\MXYHQLOH$WODQWLF6DOPRQ6DOPRVDDOD/RQSDUWLFXODWHGULIWLQJ$QLPDO%HKDY
:(51(5((+$//'-2SWLRQDOIRUDJLQJGHVL]HVHOHFWLRQRISUH\E\WKH
EOXHJLOOVXQÀVK/HSRPLVPRFKURFKLUXV(FRORJ\
ZARET, T. M. 1980. Life history and growth relationship of Cicla ocellaris, a predator
6RXWK$PHULFDQFLFKOLG%LRWUySLFD
AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO DE DIFERENTES TRATAMENTOS ALIMENTARES EM LARVAS DE MATRINXÃ Brycon amazonicus (GUNTER,
1869) (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIDAE)*
Ana Carolina Souza Sampaio10DUOH$QJpOLFD9LOODFRUWD&RUUHD2, Mário Roberto Chim
)LJXHLUHGR3 e Geraldo Bernardino4
,1&8)$0FKHURO\QH#JPDLOFRP'(3(6&$8)$0PDUOH#XIDPHGXEU)85*
GRFFKLP#IXUJEU6(3$6(3525JEHUQDUGLQR#LJFRPEU
'DGRVREWLGRVGD'LVVHUWDomRGH0HVWUDGRDSUHVHQWDGDDR3URJUDPDGH3yV*UDGXDomRHP$TLFXOWXUD8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGR5LR*UDQGH)85*3URMHWRÀQDQFLDGRSHOR&134H)$3($03URJUDPD5+3yVJUDG
INTRODUÇÃO
2PDWULQ[mBrycon amazonicuspXPDHVSpFLHQDWLYDGDUHJLmRDPD]{QLFDFXMRFXOWLYRWHPVHH[SDQGLGRVLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWHQRV~OWLPRVDQRV*RPHV8UELQDWL(P
IXQomRGLVWRDGHPDQGDSRUIRUPDVMRYHQVODUYDVHMXYHQLVWHPDXPHQWDGRSURJUHVVLYDPHQWHHDRIHUWDLUUHJXODUWHPVLGRDIHWDGDSULQFLSDOPHQWHGHYLGDiVUHVWULo}HVQR
SHUtRGRGHGHVRYDHEDL[DVWD[DVGHVREUHYLYrQFLDQDIDVHODUYDO
$VODUYDVGHPDWULQ[mUHFpPHFORGLGDVVmRFODVVLÀFDGDVFRPRDOWULFLDLVSRUTXHGHQWUH
RXWUDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVXWLOL]DPRYLWHORFRPRSULQFLSDOIRQWHGHQXWULomRHQGyJHQDGXUDQWHWRGRRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRHPEULRQiULRHDSyVDHFORVmRDWpRLQtFLRGDDOLPHQWDomR
H[yJHQD*RYRQLHWDO1DNDWDQLHWDO$RÀPGDXWLOL]DomRGRYLWHORRV
DQLPDLV GHYHP HQFRQWUDU IRQWHV H[yJHQDV GH DOLPHQWR VHP DV TXDLV QmR SRGHUmR
VREUHYLYHU)HUUHLUDHWDO4XDQGRDVODUYDVGHPDWULQ[mLQLFLDPDDOLPHQWDomR
H[yJHQDpYHULÀFDGRLQWHQVRFRPSRUWDPHQWRFDQLEDOLGHQWLÀFDGRFRPRSULQFLSDOFDXVD SDUD D UHGXomR GDV WD[DV GH VREUHYLYrQFLD %HUQDUGLQR HW DO )DULD /RSHVHWDO&HFDUHOOL9ROSDWR/HRQDUGR
.DPOHUDSRQWDDH[DXVWmRGRYLWHORFRPRXPSHUtRGRFUtWLFRHPTXHRFRUUHP
DVPDLVDOWDVPRUWDOLGDGHVQDVGLYHUVDVHVSpFLHVGHSHL[HV$VPXGDQoDVTXHRFRUUHPGXUDQWHRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRODUYDOGLJHVWmRDEVRUomRWUDQVSRUWHHDVVLPLODomR
GHFRPSRQHQWHVTXtPLFRVDIHWDPRUHTXHULPHQWRQXWULFLRQDOQHVWDIDVH'DEURZVNL
2XVRGHDOLPHQWRYLYRWHPSURSRUFLRQDGRPHOKRUHVtQGLFHVGHGHVHPSHQKR
HPFRPSDUDomRFRPDOLPHQWRLQHUWHSULQFLSDOPHQWHSRUTXHDVODUYDVVmRLQFDSD]HV
GHDSURYHLWDUHÀFLHQWHPHQWHGLHWDVDUWLÀFLDLVHUHWDUGDPDLQJHVWmRGHVWHVHPFRPSDUDomRDRDOLPHQWRYLYR3RURXWURODGRDDVVRFLDomRGHDOLPHQWRYLYRHGLHWDDUWLÀFLDO
SRGHUHSUHVHQWDUPDLRUYHORFLGDGHGHFUHVFLPHQWRMiTXHDPDWpULDVHFDFRQWpPSURSRUFLRQDOPHQWHGHQWUHRXWURVFRPSRVWRVPDLRUWHRUSURWpLFR
3DUDRPDWULQ[mDLQGDQmRVHWHPXPSURWRFRORGHPDQHMRDOLPHQWDUGHÀQLGRSDUDD
IDVHODUYDOTXHVXEVLGLHRVHWRUSURGXWLYRSRLVRLQtFLRGRFDQLEDOLVPRjVKDSyVD
IHUWLOL]DomRQmRUHSUHVHQWDDDSWLGmRjGLJHVWmRGHLWHQVLQJHULGRVFRQIRUPHYHULÀFDGR
SRU6LOYDHWDO(VWHWUDEDOKRWHPFRPRREMHWLYRDYDOLDUWUrVWUDWDPHQWRVDOLPHQWDUHVGXUDQWHRSHUtRGRGHDKRUDVDSyVDHFORVmRYLVDQGRVXJHULURPHOKRU
PDQHMRSDUDHVWDIDVHGHFXOWLYR
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS
/DUYDV GH PDWULQ[m REWLGDV SRU LQGXomR KRUPRQDO IRUDP WUDQVIHULGDV SDUD DV XQLGDGHV H[SHULPHQWDLV FRP LGDGH GH +$( RQGH VH DFOLPDWDUDP DWp R LQtFLR GR
H[SHULPHQWRFRQGX]LGRGHD+$(8WLOL]RXVHGHVHQKRH[SHULPHQWDOLQWHLUDPHQWHFDVXDOL]DGRFRPWUrVWUDWDPHQWRVDOLPHQWDUHVHWUrVUHSHWLo}HV7UDomR
7]RRSOkQFWRQH7UDomR]RRSOkQFWRQ$VXQLGDGHVH[SHULPHQWDLVFRQVLVWLUDP
HP EDFLDV SOiVWLFDV GH / RQGH DV ODUYDV IRUDP HVWRFDGDV QD GHQVLGDGH GH LQGLYtGXRV/WRWDOL]DQGRODUYDVSRUEDFLDFRPDHUDomRVXSOHPHQWDUHUHQRYDomR
WRWDOGLDULDPHQWH
2]RRSOkQFWRQRIHUWDGRIRLFROHWDGRHPYLYHLURVGD(VWDomRFRPUHGHGHSOkQFWRQ
PDOKDѥP2PDWHULDOFROHWDGRIRLFRQFHQWUDGRHDPRVWUDVGHPOIRUDPUHWLUDGDVHPWULSOLFDWDSDUDFDUDFWHUL]DomRTXDOLHTXDQWLWDWLYDVREHVWHUHRPLFURVFySLR
$LGHQWLÀFDomRGRVJUXSRV]RRSODQFW{QLFRVIRLIHLWDVHJXQGR6LSD~ED7DYDUHV5RFKD'LDULDPHQWHIRUDPRIHUWDGRVRUJDQLVPRVSRUODUYDQRVWUDWDPHQWRV
7H7HUDomRFRPHUFLDOFRPWH[WXUDÀQDFRQWHQGRGH3URWHtQD%UXWD3%
GLVWULEXtGDHPXPDÀQDFDPDGDVREUHDVXSHUItFLHGDiJXDQRVWUDWDPHQWRV7H7
$SUR[LPDGDPHQWH PLQ DSyV D RIHUWD GH DOLPHQWR IRUDP FROHWDGDV ODUYDV GH
FDGDWUDWDPHQWRVHQGRSRUUHSHWLomR$VDPRVWUDVIRUDPFRQVHUYDGDVHPIRUPRO
WDPSRQDGRSDUDDQiOLVHVGHFRQWH~GRHVWRPDFDO
)RUDPUHJLVWUDGRVJUDXGHUHSOHomR*5TXDQWLGDGHLQJHULGDHLQLFLRGDLQJHVWmR2
DFRPSDQKDPHQWR GD TXDOLGDGH GH iJXD IRL IHLWR GLDULDPHQWH XWLOL]DQGRVH PHGLGRU
PXOWLSDUkPHWUR H SKPHWUR GLJLWDO 2V GDGRV IRUDP DQDOLVDGRV HVWDWLVWLFDPHQWH SDUD
YHULÀFDomRGHGLIHUHQoDVHQWUHDVLGDGHVHWUDWDPHQWRV2FUHVFLPHQWRIRLDYDOLDGRD
SDUWLUGDWD[DGHFUHVFLPHQWRHVSHFtÀFRHPFRPSULPHQWR7&(
RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO
2V YDORUHV PpGLRV GH WHPSHUDWXUD R[LJrQLR H SK IRUDP UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH 7
“ž& “PJ/ H “ 7 “ ž& “PJ/ H
“H7“ž&“PJ/H“(VWHVYDORUHVVHDVVHPHOKDPVHjTXHOHVREWLGRVHPRXWURVWUDEDOKRVGHODUYLFXOWXUDFRPRJrQHUR Brycon HQmR
IRUDPOLPLWDQWHVDRFUHVFLPHQWRODUYDO3HGUHLUDHWDO6LSD~ED7DYDUHVHWDO
*RPHVHWDO6HQKRULQLHWDO
2FRPSULPHQWRGDVODUYDVQRÀQDOGRH[SHULPHQWRIRLVLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWHPDLRU3”
QRWUDWDPHQWR7UDomR]RRSOkQFWRQ/DUYDVGR7DOLPHQWDGDVFRP]RRSOkQFWRQ
WLYHUDPFUHVFLPHQWRLQWHUPHGLiULRDRVGHPDLVWUDWDPHQWRV$7&(REVHUYDGDQR7
GLIHULXVLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWH3”GRVGR7H7LQGLFDQGRPDLRUYHORFLGDGHGHFUHVFLPHQWR$VREUHYLYrQFLDIRLPDLRUQR7HQWUHWDQWRQmRH[LVWLUDPGLIHUHQoDVVLJQLÀFDWLYDVHPUHODomRDR7H77DEHOD
/DUYDV DOLPHQWDGDV FRP ]RRSOkQFWRQ UDomR WLYHUDP FUHVFLPHQWR HP FRPSULPHQWR
VLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWHPDLRUTXDQGRFRPSDUDGDVDVODUYDVDOLPHQWDGDVFRPLWHQVXQLFRV
UDomR H ]RRSOkQFWRQ /RSHV HW DO H REVHUYDUDP PDLRU FRPSULPHQWR HP
ODUYDVDOLPHQWDGDVH[FOXVLYDPHQWHFRP]RRSOkQFWRQ/RSHVHWDOHQFRQWUDUDP
PDLRUFRPSULPHQWRHSHVRVLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWHPDLRUTXDQGRXWLOL]DUDPODUYDVIRUUDJHLUDVGHSDFXQDDOLPHQWDomRGHPDWULQ[m
7DEHOD 3ULQFLSDLV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GR GHVHPSHQKR REVHUYDGDV QDV ODUYDV GH PDWULQ[mFRPLGDGHHQWUHH+$(VXEPHWLGDVDRVWUDWDPHQWRV7UDomR7]RRSOkQFWRQH7UDomR]RRSOkQFWRQ
2HIHLWRGDGLHWDVREUHRFUHVFLPHQWRGHODUYDVGHSHL[HVIRLGLVFXWLGDHPYDULRVWUDEDOhos e de maneira geral os resultados apontam melhor desempenho para o tratamento
TXHUHFHEHXDOLPHQWRYLYR$WHQFLR*DUFLDHWDOREWLYHUDPRVPHOKRUHVUHVXOWDGRVGHJDQKRHPSHVRHFRPSULPHQWRDOLPHQWDQGRODUYDVGH\DP~%VLHEHQWKDODH
com larvas de pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus)QiXSOLRVGH$UWrPLDH]RRSOkQFWRQ
7HVVHU HW DO REVHUYDUDP PDLRU FUHVFLPHQWR FRPSULPHQWR HP ODUYDV GH SDFX
(Piaractus mesopotamicus)DOLPHQWDGDVFRPQiXSOLRVGH$UWrPLD
2V RUJDQLVPRV SODQFW{QLFRV FRQWpP IRQWHV QDWXUDLV GH SURWHtQDV iFLGRV JUD[RV OLStGHRVYLWDPLQDVHHQ]LPDVTXHVmRLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDjQXWULomRGHSHL[HVGHiJXD
GRFH'DEURZVNL3HGHUVHQUHIHUHTXHTXDQGRIRUQHFLGR]RRSOkQFWRQ
UDomRHDGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGH]RRSOkQFWRQQmRpVXÀFLHQWHDUDomRSURSRUFLRQDPHOKRU
GHVHPSHQKRSRUVHUXPDOLPHQWREDODQFHDGR
$VSHTXHQDVTXDQWLGDGHVGHUDomRHQFRQWUDGDVQRVHVW{PDJRVGDVODUYDVGR7
VXJHUHPXPDLQJHVWmRRFDVLRQDOSULQFLSDOPHQWHGHYLGRjH[FOXVLYLGDGHHDEXQGkQFLDGHVWHLWHP$SHVDUGDLQJHVWmRGRDOLPHQWRYLYRWHUVLGRREVHUYDGDjVH
+$(UHVSHFWLYDPHQWHHP7H76LOYDHWDOREVHUYDUDPSRUPHLRGHFRUWHV
KLWROyJLFRVTXHRHVW{PDJRGDVODUYDVDSUHVHQWDGHVHQYROYLPHQWRLQFRPSOHWRDWp
+$(DVVLPDLQJHVWmRGH]RRSOkQFWRQDQWHVGHVWHSHUtRGRSRGHHVWDUUHODFLRQDGDj
FRQWULEXLomRGHVWHVRUJDQLVPRVQRSURFHVVRGHSUHSDUDomRGRWUDWRGLJHVWyULRSDUDD
XWLOL]DomRGHUDomR6LSD~ED7DYDUHV5RFKD
$WD[DGHFUHVFLPHQWRHVSHFtÀFR7&(H[SUHVVDHPSHUFHQWXDOGHFUHVFLPHQWRHP
FRPSULPHQWR GLiULR OHYD HP FRQVLGHUDomR R FRPSULPHQWR LQLFLDO H ÀQDO DWUDYpV GH
XPDHTXDomRPDWHPiWLFDSURSRVWDSRU/HJHQGUHHWDOTXHJHUDOPHQWHXWLOL]D
PHGLGDVGHSHVRVHQGRIUHTHQWHPHQWHDGRWDGDHPWUDEDOKRVGHGHVHPSHQKR(VWD
YDULiYHODSUHVHQWRXVHPHQRUQR7RSRGHVHUDWULEXtGRDRLQFRPSOHWRIXQFLRQDPHQWR
ELRTXtPLFRGRLQWHVWLQRODUYDOQRLQtFLRGDDOLPHQWDomRH[yJHQDVXSULPLQGRRDSURYHLWDPHQWRGDUDomRHUHGX]LQGRDVWD[DVGHFUHVFLPHQWRGDVODUYDV
&RQVLGHUDQGRVHR*UDXGH5HSOHomRGDVDPRVWUDVHP7DSUHVHQWDYDPHVW{PDJRYD]LR*U UHÁHWLQGRDPHQRULQJHVWmRGHVWHLWHPGHVGHD+$()LJXUD
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
/DUYDVGHSDFX3LDUDFWXVPHVRSRWDPLFXVDOLPHQWDGDVH[FOXVLYDPHQWHFRPUDomR
DSUHVHQWDUDP GH PRUWDOLGDGH DWp R ž GLD 7HVVHU HW DO 1R SUHVHQWH
WUDEDOKRFRQWXGRQmRVHREVHUYRXGLIHUHQoDHQWUHDVWD[DVGHVREUHYLYrQFLDGRWUDWDPHQWRFRPUDomRHRVGHPDLVWUDWDPHQWRVDOLPHQWDUHVSRVVLYHOPHQWHGHYLGRDRFXUWR
SHUtRGRGHREVHUYDomRK&RQWXGRVmRQHFHVViULRVHVWXGRVSRVWHULRUHVSDUDYHULÀFDUDLQÁXrQFLDGHVWHPDQHMRDOLPHQWDUVREUHDRFRUUrQFLDGRFDQLEDOLVPR
2 LQtFLR GD LQJHVWmR SRGH LQGLFDU R SHUtRGR HP TXH DV ODUYDV LQLFLDP D DOLPHQWDomR
H[yJHQDHQHVWHWUDEDOKRHVWHFRPSRUWDPHQWRIRLREVHUYDGRiVH+$(HP
7 7 H 7 UHVSHFLYDPHQWH 6HJXQGR 'DEURZVNL QD PDLRULD GDV HVSpFLHV
FXOWLYDGDVDVODUYDVDRLQLFLDUHPDDOLPHQWDomRH[yJHQDVmRRUJDQLVPRVFXMDPHWDPRUIRVHDLQGDQmRVHFRPSOHWRX3RUHVWDUD]mRRVyUJmRVGLJHVWLYRVQmRHVWmRWRWDOPHQWHGHÀQLGRVHRFRQWH~GRHQ]LPiWLFRDLQGDpGHÀFLHQWH,VVRVLJQLÀFDTXHRIDWR
GHLQJHULUHPDOLPHQWRQmRDVKDELOLWDDGLJHULORVFRPSOHWDPHQWHRTXHIRLREVHUYDGR
QDVDQiOLVHVGHFRQWH~GRHVWRPDFDODWUDYpVGDREVHUYDomRGRJUDXGHLQWHJULGDGHGD
FDUDSDoD GRV RUJDQLVPRV ]RRSODQFW{QLFRV HQFRQWUDGRV QR WUDWR GLJHVWyULR LQFOXVLYH
SHUWRGRkQXV
(PSHL[HVTXHDSUHVHQWDPFDQLEDOLVPRQDIDVHODUYDOHVWHHYHQWRWHPVLGRIUHTHQWHPHQWH DVVRFLDGR DR LQtFLR GD DOLPHQWDomR H[yJHQD %HUQDUGLQR HW DO 5RPDJRVD/RSHVHWDO0DL=DQLERQL)LOKR(QWUHWDQWRFRQIRUPH
REVHUYDGRQHVWHWUDEDOKRPHVPRFRPRLQtFLRGRFRPSRUWDPHQWRFDQLEDOtVWLFRjV
+$(DVODUYDVVyLQLFLDUDPDLQJHVWmRGHDOLPHQWRKGHSRLVD+$((VWDV
REVHUYDo}HVVXJHUHPTXHWDOFRPRREVHUYDGRSRU&HFFDUHOOL9ROSDWRRFRPSRUWDPHQWRFDQLEDOtVWLFRRFRUULGRQDPDWULQ[mQmRSRGHVHUH[SOLFDGRSHODIRPHMiTXH
QHVWD IDVH DV ODUYDV DLQGD SRVVXHP UHVHUYDV HQGyJHQDV 6mR QHFHVViULRV HVWXGRV
TXHUHODFLRQHPRLQtFLRGDDOLPHQWDomRH[yJHQDFRPRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHHVWUXWXUDV
GLJHVWLYDVHDDWLYLGDGHHQ]LPiWLFDGDVODUYDV
2UHGX]LGRQ~PHURGHDWDTXHVREVHUYDGRVQDVXQLGDGHVH[SHULPHQWDLVSRGHWHUVLGR
HPIXQomRGDVEDL[DVGHQVLGDGHVXWLOL]DGDVODUYDV/RXjFRQVWDQWHGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGHDOLPHQWR3RUWDQWRVmRQHFHVViULRVHVWXGRVFRPSOHPHQWDUHVSDUDUHIRUPXODomR
GRVPpWRGRVXWLOL]DGRVQRSURWRFRORSURGXWLYRHDVVLPRWLPL]DUDVREUHYLYrQFLDGDV
IRUPDVMRYHQV
CONCLUSÕES
$VODUYDVGHPDWULQ[mLQLFLDPDDOLPHQWDomRH[yJHQDHQWUHH+$(
1mRKiGLIHUHQoDHQWUHDWD[DGHVREUHYLYrQFLDGHODUYDVDOLPHQWDGDVFRPUDomR
]RRSODQFWRQRXDFRPELQDomRGHVWHVLWHQVQRSHUtRGRGHD+$(
$PHOKRUWD[DGHFUHVFLPHQWRHVSHFtÀFRIRLREVHUYDGDQRWUDWDPHQWRDOLPHQWDUUDomR
]RRSODQFWRQVXJHULQGRVHUHVWHRPDQHMRDOLPHQWDUDGHTXDGRiIDVHODUYDO
REFERÊNCIAS
$WHQFLR*DUFLD9=DQLERQL)LOKR(3DUGR&DUUDVFR6$ULDV&DVWHOODQRV$
,QÁXrQFLDGDSULPHLUDDOLPHQWDomRQDODUYLFXOWXUDHDOHYLQDJHPGR\DP~%U\FRQVLHEHQWKDODH&KDUDFLGDH$FWD6FLHQWLDUXP$QLPDO6FLHQFHV0DULQJi
%HUQDUGLQR*6HQKRULQL-$)RQWHV1$%RFN&/0HQGRQoD-2-
3URSDJDomRDUWLÀFLDOGRPDWULQ[m%U\FRQFHSKDOXV*h17+(57HOHRVWHL&KDUDFLGDH%ROHWLP7pFQLFRGR&(37$
Ceccarelli, P. S.; Volpato, G. L. 2001. Efeitos da densidade e proporção de presas
FRQVRUFLDGDVQRFUHVFLPHQWRHVREUHYLYrQFLDGHPDWULQ[m%U\FRQFHSKDOXV%ROHWLP
7pFQLFRGR&HSWD
Cestarolli, M. A. 2005. Larvicultura do pintado Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (AGAS6,=$VSHFWRVGD$OLPHQWDomRHGR'HVHQYROYLPHQWRGH(VWUXWXUDVVHQVRULDLV
7HVH'RXWRUDGRQD8QLYHUVLGDGH(VWDGXDO3DXOLVWD²&HQWURGH$TLFXOWXUDGD81(63
Jaboticabal. 110p
'DEURZVNL.7KHIHHGLQJRIÀVKODUYDHSUHVHQWVWDWHRIWKHDUWDQGSHUVSHFWLYHV5HSURGXWLRQ1XWULWLRQ'HYHORSPHQW
)DULD&$3URSDJDomRDUWLÀFLDOGHSLDEDQKD%U\FRQLQVLJQLVQDVHomRGHKLGURELRORJLDHDTXLFXOWXUDGH3DUDLEXQD&(63,Q6(0,1É5,262%5(&5,$d®2'(
(63e&,(6 '2 *È1(52 %5<&21 3LUDVVXQXQJD$QDLV 3LUDVVXQXQJD &HSWD S
9-15
)HUUHLUD$99LGDO09-$QGUDGH'5<DVXL*60HQGRQoD330DWWRV
'&&RQVXPRGHYLWHORGXUDQWHRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRHPEULRQiULRGH0HODQRWrQLD0Dom*ORVVROHSLVLQFLVXV:(%(50HODQRWDHQLLGDH&LrQFLD$QLPDO%UDVLOHLUD
*RPHV/&8UELQDWL(&&ULDomRGHPDWULQ[m%U\FRQDPD]RQLFXV,Q%$/',66(52772%*20(6/&2UJ(VSpFLHVQDWLYDVSDUDSLVFLFXOWXUDQR%UDVLO
6DQWD0DULD
*RYRQL--2UWQHU3%$O<DPDQL)+LOO/&6HOHFWLYHIHHGLQJRIVSRW/HLRVWRPXV[DQWKXUXVDQG$WODQWLFFURDNHU0LFURSRJRQLDVXQGXODWXVODUYDHLQWKHQRUWKHUQ
*XOIRI0H[LFR0DULQH(FRORJ\3URJUHVV6HULHV
.DPOHU(5HVRXUFHDOORFDWLRQLQ\RONIHHGLQJÀVK-RXUQDORI)LVKHULHV%LRORJ\
²
/HJHQGUH0.HUGFKXHQ1&RUUD]H*/DUYDOUHDULQJRIRQ$IULFDQFDWÀVK+HWHUREUDQFKXVORQJLÀOLV7HOHRVWHL&ODULLGDHHIIHFWRIGLHWDU\OLSLGVRQJURZWKVXUYLYDO
DQGIDWW\DFLGFRPSRVLWLRQRIIU\$TXDW/LYLQJ5HVRXU
/HRQDUGR$)*$omRGDWULLRGRWLURQLQDQDFULDomRGHODUYDVGHSLUDFDQMXED
%U\FRQRUELJQ\DQXVHGRPDWULQ[m%U\FRQFHSKDOXV7HVH'RXWRUDGRQR&HQWURGH
$TLFXOWXUDGD81(63²)DFXOGDGHGH&LrQFLDV$JUiULDVH9HWHULQiULDGH-DERWLFDEDO
São Paulo. 82 p
/RSHV5106HQKRULQL-$6RDUHV0&)'HVHQYROYLPHQWRHPEULRQiULRHODUYDO
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
GRPDWULQ[m%U\FRQFHSKDOXV*817+(53LVFHV&KDUDFLGDH%ROHWLP7pFQLFR
GR&(37$3LUDVVXQXQJD
/RSHV510)UHLUH5$%9LFHQVRWWR-506HQKRULQL-$$OLPHQWDomR
de larvas de surubim Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (AGASSIZ, 1829) em laboratório
QDSULPHLUDVHPDQDGHYLGD%ROHWLP7pFQLFR&(37$
0DL0*=DQLERQL)LOKR((IHLWRGDLGDGHGHHVWRFDJHPHPWDQTXHVH[WHUQRV
no desempenho da larvicultura do dourado Salminus brasiliensis (Osteichthyes, CharaFLGDH$FWD6FLHQWLDUXP$QLPDO6FLHQFHV0DULQJi$SULO-XQH
1DNDWDQL.$JRVWLQKR$$%DXPJDUWQHU*%LDOHW]NL$6DQFKHV390DNUDNLV
0&3DYDQHOOL&62YRVHODUYDVGHSHL[HVGHiJXDGRFH'HVHQYROYLPHQWRH
PDQXDOGHLGHQWLÀFDomRS
3HGHUVHQ%+7KHFRVWRIJURZWKLQ\RXQJÀVKODUYDHDUHYLHZRIQHZK\SRWKHVHV$TXDFXOWXUH
5RPDJRVD(1DUDKDUD0<)HQHULFK9HUDQL16WDJHVRIHPEU\RQLFGHYHORSPHQWRIWKH´PDWULQ[mµ%U\FRQFHSKDOXV3,6&(6&+$5$&,'$(%ROHWLPGR,QVWLWXWR
GH3HVFD6mR3DXOR
6HQKRULQL-$*DVSDU/$)UDQVR]R&UHVFLPHQWRVREUHYLYrQFLDHSUHIHUrQFLD DOLPHQWDU GH ODUYDV H DOHYLQRV GH PDWULQ[m %U\FRQ FHSKDOXV H GH 3LUDFDQMXED
%U\FRQRUELJQ\DQXVHPYLYHLURV%ROHWLP7pFQLFR&(37$3LUDVVXQXQJD
6LOYD5$39LOODFRUWD&RUUHD0$%DUFHOORV-)0$UD~MR0/*&DUDFWHUL]DomRKLVWROyJLFDGRHVW{PDJRHLQWHVWLQRHPODUYDVGHPDWULQ[m%U\FRQDPD]RQLFXV&+$5$&,)250(6&+$5$&,'$(5HVXPRDSUHVHQWDGRQR;9&RQJUHVVR
Brasileiro de Engenharia de Pesca
6LSD~ED7DYDUHV/+(M'D6$OYDUH]$QG)0'H6%UDJD:DWHUTXDOLW\
and zooplankton in tanks with larvae of Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1949). Bra]LOLDQ-RXUQDORI%LRORJ\
6LSD~ED7DYDUHV /+ 5RFKD 2 3URGXomR GH SOkQFWRQ ÀWRSOkQFWRQ H ]RRSOkQFWRQSDUDDOLPHQWDomRGHRUJDQLVPRVDTXiWLFRV6mR&DUORVS
Tesser, M. B.; Portella, M. C. 2006. Ingestão de ração e comportamento de larvas de
pacu em resposta a estímulos químicos e visuais. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,
CRECIMIENTO Y PARÁMETROS HEMATOLÓGICOS DE JUVENILES
DE GAMITANA Colossoma macropomum (CUVIER, 1818) CULTIVADOS BAJO TRES DENSIDADES
Luis Soberón1)UHG&KX.RR2)HUQDQGR$OFiQWDUD2'DYLG3DQGXUR1
'LUHFFLyQ5HJLRQDOGHOD3URGXFFLyQGH/RUHWR*RELHUQR5HJLRQDOGH/RUHWRFDOOH
5DPtUH]+XUWDGR1ž,TXLWRV3HU~VREHURQ#KRWPDLOFRPGMBSDQGXUR#KRWmail.com
2 Programa de Investigación para el Uso del Agua y sus Recursos, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), km. 4.5 carretera Iquitos-Nauta, Loreto-Perú.
HPDLOIFKXN#\DKRRFRP
INTRODUCCIÓN
8QR GH ORV SULQFLSDOHV IDFWRUHV FDXVDQWH GH HVWUpV HQ SLVFLFXOWXUD HVWi DVRFLDGR D
inadecuados niveles de densidad de cultivo y en esas situaciones los peces generalPHQWH SUHVHQWDQ EDMR FUHFLPLHQWR KLSHUVHFUHFLyQ GH FRUWLVRO H KLSHUJOLFHPLD FRQVLGHUDGDVFRPRWtSLFDVUHVSXHVWDVSULPDULDV\VHFXQGDULDVDOHVWUpVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
:HGHPH\HUHWDO
La creciente demanda por productos de la acuicultura a nivel mundial a hecho que la inWHQVLÀFDFLyQGHORVVLVWHPDVGHFXOWLYRYD\DHQDXPHQWR(QHVHVHQWLGRVHKDQDGRStado sistemas de cultivo intensivo y superintensivo (circuitos cerrados, invernaderos,
MDXODVÁRWDQWHVWDQTXHVUHGGRQGHODHOHYDGDGHQVLGDGGHSHFHVSXHGHSURSLFLDUHO
GHVDUUROORGHIDFWRUHVHVWUHVDQWHVGHELOLWDPLHQWRLQPXQROyJLFR\GHÀFLHQFLDVQXWULFLRQDOHVTXHFRPSURPHWHQHOFUHFLPLHQWR\HOHVWDGRÀVLROyJLFRGHORVSHFHV\SRUHQGH
ORVSUHGLVSRQHDGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHSDWRORJtDV
/RVSDUiPHWURVKHPDWROyJLFRVLQGLFDQHOHVWDGRÀVLROyJLFRGHXQRUJDQLVPR\VHHPSOHDQ FRQ IUHFXHQFLD HQ SHFHV SDUD YDORUDU HO PDQHMR GHO FXOWLYR OD HIHFWLYLGDG GHO
FRQWUROGHHQIHUPHGDGHVLQIHFFLRVDVSRVLEOHVGHVEDODQFHVQXWULFLRQDOHVHIHFWRVWy[LFRV FRQGLFLRQHV DQy[LFDV FDPELRV DPELHQWDOHV \ IDFWRUHV JHQHUDGRUHV GH HVWUpV
TXH VH SXHGH SUHVHQWDU HQ HO SURFHVR GH FXOWLYR +UXEHF HW DO $\GLQ HW DO
&RQVLGHUDQGRODLPSRUWDQFLDGHODGHQVLGDGGHFXOWLYRFRPRXQRGHORVIDFWRUHV
GHWHUPLQDQWHVHQHOHVWDGRÀVLROyJLFRGHORVSHFHVHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLRHVWiRULHQWDGR
DHYDOXDUORVSRVLEOHVHIHFWRVGHWUHVGHQVLGDGHVGHFXOWLYRVREUHHOFUHFLPLHQWR\KHPDWRORJtDGHMXYHQLOHVGHJDPLWDQD&PDFURSRPXPFXOWLYDGRVHQMDXODVVXPHUJLGDV
METODOLOGÍA
(O HVWXGLR VH HMHFXWy GXUDQWH ORV PHVHV GH PD\R D DJRVWR GHO HQ ODV LQVWDODFLRQHV SLVFtFRODV GHO ,QVWLWXWR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV GH OD$PD]RQtD 3HUXDQD ,,$3 HQ
,TXLWRV3HU~6HXWLOL]DURQMXYHQLOHVGH&PDFURSRPXPGLVWULEXLGRVHQQXHYHXQLGDGHVH[SHULPHQWDOHVMDXODVGH[[P7UHVGHQVLGDGHVGHFXOWLYR77
\7SHFHVPIXHURQHPSOHDGDVFRPRWUDWDPLHQWRVH[SHULPHQWDOHVWULSOLFDGRV
GXUDQWH XQ HQVD\R GH GtDV GH GXUDFLyQ /RV SHFHV IXHURQ DOLPHQWDGRV FRQ XQD
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
GLHWDFRPHUFLDOH[WUXVDGDFRQXQWHQRUGHGHSURWHtQDEUXWDDUD]yQGHOGHOD
ELRPDVD
6HHYDOXyHOSHVRÀQDO3)JDQDQFLDGHSHVR*3HOtQGLFHGHFRQYHUVLyQDOLPHQWLFLDDSDUHQWH,&$$WDVDGHFUHFLPLHQWRUHODWLYR7&5\HOIDFWRUGHFRQGLFLyQ.(Q
KHPDWRORJtDJOXFRVD*OXFKHPRJORELQD+EKHPDWRFULWR+WQ~PHURGHHULWURFLWRV
*U\OHXFRFLWRV*EDOLQLFLR\DOÀQDOGHOHVWXGLRVHJ~QORVPpWRGRVSURSXHVWRVSRU
%XVK
$GHPiV VH PRQLWRUHDURQ HQ HO DJXD YDORUHV GH WHPSHUDWXUD R[tJHQR GLVXHOWR S+
DPRQLR\QLWULWR6HXWLOL]yHO$129$SDUDHODQiOLVLVGHORVGDWRV\ODSUXHED7XNH\
SDUDODFRPSDUDFLyQGHSURPHGLRVњ /RVUHVXOWDGRVVRQPRVWUDGRVFRPRHO
SURPHGLR“ODGHVYLDFLyQHVWiQGDU
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
&RPRLQGLFDOD7DEODHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHORVSHFHVIXHKRPRJpQHRHQORVWUHVWUDWDPLHQWRVVLQREVHUYDUVHHIHFWRDOJXQRHQHOSHVRÀQDO\JDQDQFLDGHSHVRDVLPLVPR
OD7&5\.QRUHSRUWDQGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQLÀFDWLYDVVHJ~Q$129$3!6LQHPEDUJR
VHREVHUYyHOHIHFWRGHORVWUDWDPLHQWRVHQHO,&$$)LJXUDVLHQGRODFRQYHUVLyQ
DOLPHQWLFLDPiVDSURSLDGDREWHQLGDHQORVSHFHVGH731RVHUHJLVWUy
PRUWDOLGDGGHSHFHVGXUDQWHODHMHFXFLyQGHOHQVD\R
7DEOD &UHFLPLHQWR GH MXYHQLOHV GH JDPLWDQD C. macropomum FXOWLYDGD EDMR WUHV
densidades
(OFUHFLPLHQWRREVHUYDGRHQHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLRIXHVXSHULRUDOREWHQLGRSRU3DGLOOD
HWDOTXLHQHVFXOWLYDURQMXYHQLOHVGHJDPLWDQDGHJGHSHVRHQWDQTXHV
FLUFXODUHVSH]/GXUDQWHGtDV\UHSRUWDQSHVRVÀQDOHV\JDQDQFLDVGHSHVR
Pi[LPRVGHJ\JUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH3RURWURODGR&KDJDV9DOUHSRUWDQJDQDQFLDVGHSHVRVVLPLODUHVDODVGHOSUHVHQWHHQVD\RDOHYDOXDUHOHIHFWR
GHGLIHUHQWHVQLYHOHVGHLQFOXVLyQGHYLWDPLQD&FRPRVXSOHPHQWRDOLPHQWLFLRHQ
&PDFURSRPXP
/RV,&$$REWHQLGRVHQHOHQVD\RHVWiQGHQWURGHOUDQJRQRUPDOSDUDHOFXOWLYRGH
&PDFURSRPXP\VRQHYLGHQWHPHQWHPHMRUHVTXHORVUHSRUWDGRVSRU&KDJDV &
9DO&KXTXLSLRQGR*DOGyV\&DOGHUyQ%DOWD]DU$VtWDPELpQ
*RPHVHWDO&KX.RR&KHQUHSRUWDQYDORUHVGH,&$$VHPHMDQWHVD
ORVGHOSUHVHQWHHQVD\R
&RPRLQGLFDOD)LJXUDVHREVHUYyHOHIHFWRGHORVWUDWDPLHQWRVH[SHULPHQWDOHVHQ
HOSDUiPHWURLQGLFDGRUGHHVWUpVJOXFRVDPJGOPRVWUDQGRGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQLÀFDWLYDV3VLHQGRPD\RUSDUDHO7UHVSHFWRD7\7\PJGO
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH$VXYH]7\7SUHVHQWDURQVLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWHXQPD\RUQLYHOGH
JOXFRVDUHVSHFWRDOYDORULQLFLDOPJGO6LQHPEDUJR7SUHVHQWyXQYDORU
VHPHMDQWHDOYDORULQLFLDO
Figura 1.(IHFWRGHORVWUDWDPLHQWRVH[SHULPHQWDOHVVREUHHO,&$$HQMXYHQLOHVGHJDmitana C. macropomum
/RVSDUiPHWURVLQGLFDGRUHVGHDQHPLD+E+W*U\HOLQGLFDGRUGHGHIHQVDLQPXQROyJLFD*EPRVWUDURQYDORUHVVLPLODUHVHQWUHWUDWDPLHQWRVHLQFOXVLYHUHVSHFWRDOYDORULQLFLDOVLQSUHVHQWDUGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQLÀFDWLYDV3!WDOFRPRVHREVHUYDHQOD7DEOD
(ODOWRQLYHOGHJOXFRVDUHSRUWDGRHQHO7QRIXHVXÀFLHQWHSDUDDOWHUDUODÀVLRORJtDGH
C. macropomumSXHVWRTXHODPHMRUJDQDQFLDGHSHVRHtQGLFHGHFRQYHUVLyQDOLPHQWLFLDDSDUHQWHIXHREWHQLGRFRQORVSHFHVGHGLFKRWUDWDPLHQWRVLHQGRORVYDORUHVVHPHMDQWHVDORVREWHQLGRVSRU7DYDUHV'LDVHWDOTXLHQHVREWXYLHURQORVVLJXLHQWHV
YDORUHVGHJOXFRVD\PJGOHQHMHPSODUHVGHSDF~P. mesopotamicus
WUDWDGRV FRQ HO WHUDSpXWLFR VXOIDWR GH FREUH &X62 2WUDV H[SHULHQFLDV UHDOL]DGDV
con C. macropomumGHPXHVWUDQTXHQLYHOHVGHJOXFRVDVXSHULRUHVDPJGO
QLYHOPi[LPRUHSRUWDGRHQHOSUHVHQWHHQVD\RQRLQÁX\HQHQHOQRUPDOFUHFLPLHQWR\
HVWDGRÀVLROyJLFRGHORVSHFHV5RXEDFKHWDO$IIRQVRHWDO
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
Figura 2.(IHFWRGHORVWUDWDPLHQWRVH[SHULPHQWDOHVVREUHHOQLYHOGHJOXFRVDHQMXYHniles de gamitana C. macropomum
(QFXDQWRDORVSDUiPHWURVKHPDWROyJLFRVLQGLFDGRUHVGHDQHPLDKHPRJORELQD+E
KHPDWRFULWR+W\Q~PHURGHHULWURFLWRV*UREVHUYDPRVTXHQRIXHURQLQÁXHQFLDGRV
SRUORVWUDWDPLHQWRVH[SHULPHQWDOHVPRVWUDQGRYDORUHVVHPHMDQWHVDORVGHOYDORULQLFLDO3!VLPLODUHVDORVREWHQLGRVSRUDXWRUHVFRPR&KDJDV9DO&KDJDV
HW DO 2WURV DXWRUHV FRPR &KDJDV HW DO &KX.RR &KHQ $IIRQVRHWDOREWXYLHURQUHVXOWDGRVGH+W+EHYLGHQWHPHQWHVXSHULRUHVDORV
GHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLR
/RVYDORUHVGHFDOLGDGGHDJXDUHJLVWUDGRVHQODHMHFXFLyQGHOHQVD\RVHPDQWXYLHURQ
GHQWURGHORVUDQJRVQRUPDOHVSDUDHOFXOWLYRGHJDPLWDQD$OFiQWDUDHWDO
CONCLUSIONES
$ORVQRYHQWDGtDVGHOHQVD\RORVSHFHVJDQDURQHQSURPHGLRDOUHGHGRUGHJ
GH SHVR FRUSRUDO \ HO GHVHPSHxR GXUDQWH HO FXOWLYR IXH KRPRJpQHR 1R VH UHJLVWUy
PRUWDOLGDG\ORV,&$$REWHQLGRVVHHQFXHQWUDQGHQWURGHORVUDQJRVUHSRUWDGRVSDUD
HOFXOWLYRLQWHQVLYRGH&PDFURSRPXPHQMDXODVÁRWDQWHV$OÀQDOGHOH[SHULPHQWRORV
SDUiPHWURVKHPDWROyJLFRVHYDOXDGRVDH[FHSFLyQGHOQLYHOGHJOXFRVDQRIXHURQ
LQÁXHQFLDGRVSRUODVGHQVLGDGHVGHFXOWLYR/RVSDUiPHWURVGHFDOLGDGGHDJXDSHUPDQHFLHURQGHQWURGHOUDQJRQRUPDOSDUDHOFXOWLYRGHSHFHVDPD]yQLFRV)LQDOPHQWH
GHODVWUHVGHQVLGDGHVHYDOXDGDVVHREVHUYyXQGHVHPSHxROLJHUDPHQWHPiVDSURSLDGR HQ ORV SHFHV GHO 7 SHFHVP GHELGR D TXH WXYLHURQ PHMRUHV tQGLFHV GH
FRQYHUVLyQDOLPHQWLFLDUHVSHFWRDORVSHFHVGHORVRWURVWUDWDPLHQWRV
7DEOD +HPDWRORJtD GH MXYHQLOHV GH JDPLWDQD C. macropomum FXOWLYDGD EDMR WUHV
densidades
REFERENCIAS
$OFDQWDUD).RKOHU..RKOHU6&DPDUJRZ&DUWLOODGH$FXLFXOWXUDHQOD
$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD,,$33'$&5636,8&),$&SS
$IIRQVR('H2OLYHLUD63DXOD$%DSWLVWD5:DLFKPDQ$)LP-2QR(
&DUDFWHUL]DomRÀVLROyJLFDGHWDPEDTXL&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXP&KDUDFLGDH
HPGXDVGHQVLGDGHVGHHVWRFDJHP,13$8)$00DQDXV$0%UDVLO&RQJUHVR,EHURDPHULFDQR9LUWXDOGH$FXLFXOWXUDZZZFLYDRUJS
$\GLQ6*XWHOSHDQG1<LOGL]+1DWXUDODQGH[SHULPHQWDOLQIHFWLRQVRISDWKRORJ\DQGFKHPRWKHUDS\)LVK3DWKRORJ\²
%DUWRQ%,ZDPD*3K\VLRORJLFDOFKDQJHVLQÀVKIURPVWUHVVLQDTXDFXOWXUH
ZLWKHPSKDVLVRQWKHUHVSRQVHDQGHIIHFWVRIFRUWLFRVWHURLGV$QQXDO5HYLHZRI)LVK
'LVHDVHV
Bush, B. M. 1982. Manual del Laboratorio Veterinario de Análisis Clínicos. Editorial
$&5,%,$=DUDJR]D(VSDxDS
&DOGHUyQ&%DOWD]DU3&XOWLYRGHJDPLWDQD&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXPHP
MDXODVÁRWDQWHVFRQGLIHUHQWHVGHQVLGDGHV5HV~PHQHVGH([SRVLFLRQHVGR&RQJUHso Nacional de Acuicultura. UNALM-Lima. 7 pp.
&KDJDV(/RXUHQoR-*RPHV/9DO$'HVHPSHQKRHHVWDGRGHVD~GH
de tambaquis cultivados em tanques-rede sob diferentes densidades de estocagem.
,Q8UELQDWL(&\ULQR-(GV;,,6LPSyVLR%UDVLOHLURGH$TLFXOWXUD$TXDELR-DERWLFDEDO63S
&KDJDV(9DO$(IHLWRGDYLWDPLQD&QRJDQKRGHSHVRHHPSDUkPHWURVKHPDWROyJLFRVGHWDPEDTXL(0%5$3$$PD]{QLD2FLGHQWDO²,13$%UDVLO3HVT$JURSHF%UiV
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
&KDJDV('H$UD~MR/'D6LOYD$*RPHV/%UDQGmRI5HVSRVWDVÀVLROyJLFDVGHWDPEDTXLDEDQKRVWHUDSrXWLFRVFRPPHEHQGD]RO3HVTDJURSHF%UDV
&KX.RR ) &KHQ 5 3DUiPHWURV KHPDWROyJLFRV GH JDPLWDQD &RORVVRPD
PDFURSRPXPDOLPHQWDGD FRPGLHWDVDEDVHGHKDULQDVGH\XFDSOiWDQR\SLMXD\R
5HV~PHQHV GH ([SRVLFLRQHV GR &RQJUHVR 1DFLRQDO GH$FXLFXOWXUD 81$/0/LPD
Perú. p. 12-13.
&KXTXLSLRQGR-0/*DOGRV5$3,QÁXHQFLDGHODKDULQDGHSOiWDQR0XVD
paradisiaca L. en el crecimiento de alevinos de gamitana Colossoma macropomum
&XYLHU7HVLVSDUDRSWDUHO7tWXORGH%LyORJR)DFXOWDGGH&LHQFLDV%LROyJLFDV
Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana. Iquitos, Perú. 78.
*RPHV/%UDQGmR)&KDJDV()HUUHLUD0/RXUHQoR1(IHLWRGRYROXPH
do tanque-rede na produtividade de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) durante a
UHFULD$FWD$PD]yQLFD
+UXEHF7&DUGLQDOH-6PLWK6+HPDWRORJ\DQGSODVPDFKHPLVWU\UHIHUHQFH
LQWHUYDOVIRUFXOWXUHGWLODSLD2UHRFKURPLVKLEULG9HWHULQDU\&OLQLFDO3DWKRORJ\
12.
3DGLOOD33HUHLUD)LOKR00RUL/,QÁXHQFLDGHOHQVLODGRELROyJLFRGHSHVcado y pescado cocido en el crecimiento y la composición corporal de alevinos de
JDPLWDQD&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXP)ROLD$PD]yQLFD
5RXEDFK5'H2OLYHLUD$'H2OLYHLUD1&KDJDV($TXDFXOWXUHRIWDPEDTXLDQGLWVYLWDPLQ&UHTXLUHPHQWV,QWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQJUHVVRQWKH%LRORJ\RI)LVK
9DQFRXYHU%LRFKHPLFDODQG3K\VLRORJLFDO$GYDQFHVLQ)LQÀVK$TXDFXOWXUHS
6KHSKHUV-%URPDJH1,QWHQVLYH)LVK)DUPLQJ0DGULG3URIHVVLRQDO%RRNV
126pp.
7DYDUHV'tDV0/DWHUoD0&DQHOOR60DNRWR()ORUHV&(QJUiFLD-5XDV
) $OWHUDo}HV KHPDWROyJLFDV H KLVWRSDWROyJLFDV HP SDFX 3LDUDFWXV PHVRSRtamicus Holmberg, 1887. (Osteichthyes, Characidae), tratado com sulfato de cobre
&X62$FWD6FLHQWLDUXP
8UELQDWL(&DUQHLUR33UiWLFDVGHPDQHMRHHVWUHVVHGRVSHL[HVHPSLVFLFXOWXUD(P&\ULQR-8UELQDWL()UDFDORVVL'&DVWDJQROOL1(GV7ySLFRVHVSHFLDLV
HPSLVFLFXOWXUDGHiJXDGRFHWURSLFDOLQWHQVLYD6mR3DXOR7HF$UW
:HGHPH\HU*%DUWRQ%0FOHD\'6WUHVVDQGDFFOLPDWLRQ,Q0HWKRGVIRU
ÀVKELRORJ\6FKUHFN&%0R\OH3%(GV$PHULFDQ)LVKHULHV6RFLHW\%HWKHVGD
p. 451-490.
Wedemeyer, G. 1997. Effects of rearing conditions on the health and physiological quaOLW\RIÀVKLQLQWHQVLYHFXOWXUH,Q,ZDPDJ3LFNHULQJ$6XPSWHU-6FKUHFN&(GV
)LVKVWUHVVDQGKHDOWKLQDTXDFXOWXUH&DPEULGJH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
EVALUACIÓN DE TRES DIETAS EXTRUSADAS DE INICIO EN EL
CRECIMIENTO, UTILIZACIÓN DEL ALIMENTO, COMPOSICIÓN
CORPORAL Y PARÁMETROS HEMATOLÓGICOS DE LA GAMITANA
(Colossoma macropomum)
)UHG&KX.RR1,2, Yuri Ramírez Cárdenas3; Ana Rodríguez Veintemilla3, Jorge Babilonia
Medina2 $OIRQVR%HUQX\5RGUtJXH]2
,,$33URJUDPD$48$5(&/DERUDWRULRGH%URPDWRORJtD/LPQRORJtD\+HPDWRORJtD
,TXLWRV3HU~(PDLOIFKXN#JPDLOFRP
2UNAP. Escuela de Postgrado. Cátedra CONCYTEC Maestría en Acuicultura.
81$3)DFXOWDGGH&LHQFLDV%LROyJLFDV7HVLVWD,,$3
INTRODUCCIÓN
(QHODxRHO,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVGHOD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD,,$3DGTXLHUH XQD PiTXLQD H[WUXVRUD GH SDWHQWH QDFLRQDO IRUPXOD H LQWURGXFH FRQ p[LWR HO XVR
GHGLHWDVH[WUXVDGDVHQODDOLPHQWDFLyQGHSHFHVUHSURGXFWRUHVLQLFLDQGRGHVSXpVOD
comercialización de dietas de inicio, crecimiento y engorde para gamitana (Colossoma
macropomumViEDORBrycon erythropterum) y paco (Piaractus brachypomus) en el
HMHFDUUHWHUR,TXLWRV1DXWD/RUHWR3DUDOHODPHQWHLQLFLDLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVHQVXVVHGHV
GH,TXLWRV\3XFDOOSD3DUDHOODHPSUHVD0XUYHFR7UDGLQJ/LPDDOHUWDGDSRUOD
EXHQDGHPDQGDGHDOLPHQWRH[WUXVDGRHQHVWHQXHYRPHUFDGRLQWURGXFHXQDOtQHDGH
UDFLRQHVSDUDJDPLWDQD\SDFREDMRHOQRPEUHFRPHUFLDO´1XWULPL[µ+DFLDÀQDOHVGHO
PLVPRDxRODWUDQVQDFLRQDO3XULQDKDFHVXLQJUHVRDOPHUFDGRSLVFtFRODDPD]yQLFR
FRQODOtQHDGHGLHWDVH[WUXVDGDVGHQRPLQDGD´3XULJDPLWDQDµ
+DQWUDQVFXUULGRDOJXQRVDxRV\DODIHFKDVRORODVGLHWDVGHO,,$3\HQSDUWHODVGH
0XUYHFR7UDGLQJKDQVLGRHYDOXDGDVHQGLYHUVDVIDVHVGHFXOWLYR5HED]DHWDO
7DIXUHWDO'DxLQRHWDODE&RQVLGHUDQGRTXHODDOLPHQWDFLyQHVXQDVSHFWRFUXFLDOHQSLVFLFXOWXUD\DTXHGHPDQGDHOGHORVFRVWRVÀQDOHVGHSURGXFFLyQ$GHOL]LHWDOVHHQWLHQGHTXHHVGHYLWDOQHFHVLGDGFRQWDUFRQFULWHULRV
TXHJXtHQDORVSLVFLFXOWRUHVGHODUHJLyQDPD]yQLFDSHUXDQDDWRPDUODPiVDFHUWDGD
GHFLVLyQDODKRUDGHVHOHFFLRQDUODVPHMRUHVGLHWDVGLVSRQLEOHVHQHOPHUFDGR
QDFLRQDOHQWpUPLQRVGHFDOLGDGQXWULFLRQDOUHQGLPLHQWR\FRVWRV8QDDGHFXDGDVHOHFFLyQGHODOLPHQWRDHPSOHDUOHVSHUPLWLUiÀQDOPHQWHPHMRUDUODUHQWDELOLGDGGHVX
DFWLYLGDGHFRQyPLFD
En ese sentido, en el presente estudio se compara la respuesta productiva, el grado de
asimilación dietaria y el estado de salud de alevinos de gamitana (Colossoma macropoPXPDOLPHQWDGRVFRQODVWUHVGLHWDVH[WUXVDGDVGHWLSRLQLFLRDFWXDOPHQWHGLVSRQLEOHV
en el mercado amazónico, producidas y comercializadas por una empresa transnacioQDO3XULQD²OtQHD3XULJDPLWDQDŠXQDQDFLRQDO0XUYHFR7UDGLQJ²OtQHD1XWULPL[Š\
XQDHQWLGDGS~EOLFDGHDOFDQFHUHJLRQDO,,$3²OtQHD,,$3UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
(OWUDEDMRVHUHDOL]yHQXQVLVWHPDGHUHFLUFXODFLyQLQVWDODGRHQHO&HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV4XLVWRFRFKDGHO,,$3,TXLWRV(OVLVWHPDFRQWyFRQÀOWURVELROyJLFRV\GHUD\RV
89R[LJHQDFLyQSURYHtGDSRUXQEORZHUGH+3PRYLPLHQWRGHDJXDDWUDYpVGHXQD
ERPEDGH+3\XQWHUPRVWDWRGH.:SDUDPDQWHQHUQLYHOHVWpUPLFRVDGHFXDGRV
ƒ&
6HHYDOXDURQWUHVGLHWDVFRPHUFLDOHVH[WUXVDGDVGHLQLFLR'1XWULPL[3%'
3XULJDPLWDQD3%\',,$33%SRUWULSOLFDGR/DVGLHWDVIXHURQDVLJQDGDV
DOD]DUHQFXEHWDVGHÀEUDGHYLGULRTXHIRUPDEDQSDUWHGHOVLVWHPDGHUHFLUFXODFLyQ
&DGDFXEHWDWHQtDXQDFDSDFLGDGSDUDOLWURVGHDJXD\DOEHUJyDXQDSREODFLyQGH
DOHYLQRVQ /RVSHFHVIXHURQDFOLPDWDGRVDODVFRQGLFLRQHVH[SHULPHQWDOHV\
DVXVUHVSHFWLYDVGLHWDVSRUHVSDFLRGHGtDV$OÀQDOL]DUHOSHULRGRGHDGDSWDFLyQ
ORVSHFHVIXHURQSHVDGRV“J\QXHYDPHQWHFRORFDGRVHQVXVFXEHWDVSDUD
GDULQLFLRDOH[SHULPHQWR
/DDOLPHQWDFLyQIXHXQDYH]DOGtDKDUD]yQGHOGHODELRPDVDH[LVWHQWHHQ
FDGDFXEHWD'RVKRUDVGHVSXpVKVHOLPSLDEDHOIRQGRGHODVQXHYHFXEHWDV
SDUDGHWHUPLQDUODFDQWLGDGGHDOLPHQWRQRFRQVXPLGRSUHYLRVHFDGRHQHVWXIDD
ž&SRUK\SHVDMHHQEDODQ]DDQDOtWLFD/DOLPSLH]DGHH[FUHWDVVHUHDOL]DEDDGLDULRHQWUHODVDP0HGLGDVGHOSHVR\ORQJLWXGIXHURQUHDOL]DGDVFDGDGtDVSDUD
UHDMXVWDUODVUDFLRQHV(OHVWXGLRGXUyGtDV
6HHYDOXyODJDQDQFLDGHSHVR*3JDQDQFLDGHSHVRGLDULR*3'WDVDGHFUHFLPLHQWRHVSHFtÀFR7&(WDVDGHFRQYHUVLyQDOLPHQWLFLD7&$HÀFLHQFLDDOLPHQWDULD
($WDVDGHHÀFLHQFLDSURWHLFD7(3XWLOL]DFLyQSURWHLFDQHWDDSDUHQWH813$IDFWRUGHFRQGLFLyQ.WDVDGHVREUHYLYHQFLD76\HOtQGLFHKHSDWRVRPiWLFR,+6
/RVQLYHOHVGHS+WHPSHUDWXUD\R[tJHQRGLVXHOWRGHODJXDIXHURQPRQLWRUHDGRVGRV
YHFHVDOGtDDP\SPFRQVRQGDPXOWLSDUiPHWUR<6,036\ORVWHQRUHVGH
QLWULWRVDPRQLRGXUH]D&2\DOFDOLQLGDGIXHURQPHGLGRVTXLQFHQDOPHQWHFRQXQ.LW
/DPRWWH$4
$OWpUPLQRGHOH[SHULPHQWRODSREODFLyQWRWDOGHFDGDWUDWDPLHQWRIXHVDFULÀFDGDGHVWLQiQGRVHSHFHVHYLVFHUDGRVSDUDORVHVWXGLRVGHFRPSRVLFLyQFRUSRUDOSURWHtQDV
JUDVDV\FHQL]DV\HMHPSODUHVSDUDORVHVWXGLRVKHPDWROyJLFRVKHPRJORELQDKHPDWRFULWRHWF/RVKtJDGRVIXHURQSHVDGRVSDUDREWHQHUHOtQGLFHKHSDWRVRPiWLFR
&DEHLQGLFDUWDPELpQTXHVHGHWHUPLQyODFRPSRVLFLyQFRUSRUDOGHXQJUXSRFRQWUROGH
DOHYLQRVDOLQLFLRGHOHVWXGLR
/RV GDWRV IXHURQ DQDOL]DGRV PHGLDQWH 2QHZD\$129$ 6H DSOLFy OD SUXHED 7XNH\
+6'FXDQGRHO$129$PRVWUyGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQLÀFDWLYDV3/RVGDWRVH[SUHVDGRVHQSRUFHQWDMHVIXHURQWUDQVIRUPDGRVSRUHOPpWRGRGHODUFRVHQRSDUDFXPSOLUORV
SUHUHTXLVLWRVGHO$129$
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
Calidad de agua
/DFDOLGDGGHODJXDYDULyGHODVLJXLHQWHPDQHUDR[tJHQRGLVXHOWR“PJ/
WHPSHUDWXUD“ƒ&S+“8S+QLWULWRVSSPDPRQLR“
SSPGXUH]DWRWDO“SSPDOFDOLQLGDGWRWDO“SSP\&2“
SSP
Crecimiento
$OFDERGHODVVHPDQDVQRVHUHJLVWUDURQHIHFWRVGLHWDULRVVLJQLÀFDWLYRV3!HQ
ORUHIHUHQWHD*3*3'7&5R7&($SHVDUGHTXHOD7&5GHORVSHFHVDOLPHQWDGRV
FRQ1XWULPL[H,,$3IXHURQHQPHGLDVXSHULRUDORVSHFHVQXWULGRVFRQ3XULJDPLWDQDpVWDGLIHUHQFLDQROOHJyDVHUVLJQLÀFDWLYD7DEOD'LFKRHQWpUPLQRVSUiFWLFRV
HO FUHFLPLHQWR IXH KRPRJpQHR \ FXDOTXLHUD GH ODV GLHWDV SURGXFLUi HIHFWRV VLPLODUHV
HQHOGHVHPSHxRSURGXFWLYRGHHVWDHVSHFLHVLHPSUH\FXDQGRVHHQFXHQWUHQEDMR
ODVPLVPDVFRQGLFLRQHVGHFXOWLYR(VWHUHVXOWDGRVRUSUHQGH\DTXHVHHVSHUDEDXQ
GHVHPSHxRVXSHULRUGHORVSHFHVDOLPHQWDGRVFRQOD'GHELGRDOPD\RUFRQWHQLGRGH
SURWHtQDGLHWDULDGHODPLVPDWRGDYH]TXHODVSURWHtQDVVHDQGHRULJHQDQLPDORYHJHWDOVRQIDFWRUHVHVHQFLDOHVGHSURPRFLyQGHOFUHFLPLHQWRHQSHFHV6LQNHWDO
Utilización de alimento
/DXWLOL]DFLyQGHODVGLHWDVH[SUHVDGDHQWpUPLQRVGH7&$($7(3\813$IXHVLPLODU3!HQWRGRVORVSHFHV7DEOD(QOtQHDVJHQHUDOHVODVWUHVGLHWDVIXHURQ
HÀFLHQWHPHQWHXWLOL]DGDVSRUODJDPLWDQD($!OOHJiQGRVHDQLYHOHVGH($VLPLODUHVDORVUHSRUWDGRVSDUDWLODSLDQLOyWLFD/LPHWDO\EDJUHGHFDQDODOLPHQWDGR
FRQGLHWDVVXSOHPHQWDGDVFRQGHJOLFHUROGLHWDULR/LHWDO
Aunque hubo una ligera superioridad de D1 y D3 con respecto a D2 en cuanto a los vaORUHVGH7(3\813$pVWDQRVHWUDGXMRHQJDQDQFLDVGHSHVRTXHVHDQHYLGHQWHPHQWHVXSHULRUHVDOUHQGLPLHQWRPRVWUDGRSRUORVSHFHVGHOWUDWDPLHQWR'/RVYDORUHVGH
7(3REWHQLGRVHQHOSUHVHQWHHVWXGLRVRQVRUSUHQGHQWHPHQWHVLPLODUHVDORVREWHQLGRV
HQYDULHGDGHVVHOHFFLRQDGDVGHEDJUHGHFDQDO86'$\86'$\VXSHULRUHV
DORVREVHUYDGRVHQHMHPSODUHVGHODPLVPDHVSHFLHGHORWHVFRPHUFLDOHVGHO0LVVLVVLSL 3HWHUVRQ HW DO /RV YDORUHV GH . \76 UHJLVWUDGRV IXHURQ ORV HVSHUDGRV
FRQVLGHUDQGRODUXVWLFLGDG\IiFLODGDSWDFLyQGHODJDPLWDQDDGLYHUVDVFRQGLFLRQHVGH
FXOWLYR
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
7DEODÌQGLFHV]RRWpFQLFRVSURPHGLR“HUURUHVWiQGDUREWHQLGRVHQDOHYLQRVGHJDPLWDQD&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXPDOLPHQWDGRVFRQWUHVGLHWDVH[WUXVDGDVFRPHUFLDOHV
GHLQLFLR
(O~QLFRSDUiPHWURDIHFWDGR3SRUORVWUDWDPLHQWRVGLHWDULRVIXHHO,+66HJ~Q
%DVWDUGRHWDOYDORUHVGH,+6PD\RUHVDLQGLFDQXQGHWHULRURGHODFRQGLFLyQ
GHOKtJDGRDODFXPXODUOtSLGRVFRPRORVWULJOLFpULGRVGHPRGRH[FHVLYR(QWDOVHQWLGR
ORVSHFHVDOLPHQWDGRVFRQ'SUHVHQWDURQORVPHMRUHVQLYHOHVGH,+6DFXPXODQGRPHQRVJUDVDHQHOKtJDGRHQFRPSDUDFLyQFRQORVSHFHVGHORVWUDWDPLHQWRV'
,+6 \',+6 6LQHPEDUJRKD\HVWXGLRVTXHPXHVWUDQYDORUHVGH,+6SRU
HQFLPDGHFRPRHOGH/LPHWDOHQHOEDJUHGHFDQDO,+6HQWUH\
\/RFKPDQQHWDOHQODSURSLDJDPLWDQD,+6HQWUH\DOLPHQWDGDFRQ
dietas ricas en carbohidratos y cultivadas en condiciones similares al presente estudio,
VLQH[SUHVDUXQDSUHRFXSDFLyQHVSHFLDOSRUHVWRVYDORUHV
Composición corporal
$OÀQDOGHOH[SHULPHQWRHOFRQWHQLGRFRUSRUDOGHSURWHtQDVFHQL]DV\JUDVDVYDULyVLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWH3UHVSHFWRDORVQLYHOHVREWHQLGRVDOLQLFLR
/RVSHFHVSUHVHQWDURQJDQDQFLDFRUSRUDOGHSURWHtQDVHQHORUGHQGHDOUHYHODQGRXQDDGHFXDGDDVLPLODFLyQGHSURWHtQDVGHODVWUHVGLHWDVFRQFRUGDQGRDVtFRQ
ORVQLYHOHVGH7&$($7(3\813$UHJLVWUDGRVHQHOWUDEDMR6LQHPEDUJRVHJ~Q
ODSUXHEDGH7XNH\QRVHSURGXMHURQFDPELRVVLJQLÀFDWLYRV3!HQHOFRQWHQLGR
SURWHLFRGHORVSHFHVFXDQGRIXHFRPSDUDGDXQDGLHWDFRQRWUD7DEOD
7DEOD&RPSRVLFLyQFRUSRUDOGHSURWHtQDJUDVD\FHQL]DVGHORVDOHYLQRVGHJDPLWDQD
Colossoma macropomumHQHO([SHULPHQWR
6DQ]VRVWLHQHTXHODFRPSRVLFLyQFRUSRUDOGHXQSH]VHPDQWLHQHFRQVWDQWH
HQ HO WLHPSR \ TXH SXHGH VHU DIHFWDGD OLJHUDPHQWH FRPR FRQVHFXHQFLD GH DOJXQD
LQÁXHQFLD GH WLSR QXWULFLRQDO (Q HO SUHVHQWH WUDEDMR REVHUYDPRV FODUDPHQWH TXH ORV
QLYHOHVFRUSRUDOHVGHSURWHtQDVJUDVDV\FHQL]DVVLJQLÀFDWLYDPHQWHGLIHUHQWHVDOLQLFLR
\DOÀQDOGHOHVWXGLRMXVWDPHQWHFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHODVWUHVGLHWDVHYDOXDGDV3DUD
UHIRU]DUQXHVWURKDOOD]JRHQFRQWUDPRVTXHVLPLODUHVUHVXOWDGRVIXHURQUHSRUWDGRVSRU
6REHUyQHWDOHQHVWDPLVPDHVSHFLH
8QGHWDOOHDFRQVLGHUDUHVTXHHOFRQWHQLGRFRUSRUDOGHJUDVD\HO,+6IXHURQVLHPSUH
PiVHOHYDGRVHQORVSHFHVGHOD'ORTXHLQGLFDUtDXQH[FHVRGHHQHUJtDHQHVWD
GLHWDSURYHQLHQWHGHODOWRQLYHOGHFDUERKLGUDWRVGLHWDULRVGHODPLVPDaTXH
VHHVWDUtDDFXPXODQGRFRPRWHMLGRDGLSRVRGHUHVHUYD\HQHOKtJDGR
7DEOD3DUiPHWURVKHPDWROyJLFRVSURPHGLR“HUURUHVWiQGDUREWHQLGRVHQDOHYLQRV
de gamitana (Colossoma macropomum DOLPHQWDGRV FRQ WUHV GLHWDV H[WUXVDGDV FRPHUFLDOHVGHLQLFLR
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
Parámetros hematológicos (sanidad)
(QVDQLGDGDFXtFRODORVSDUiPHWURVKHPDWROyJLFRVVRQHPSOHDGRVFRPRLQGLFDGRUHV
ÀVLROyJLFRVGHGLVIXQFLyQRUJiQLFDSRUHVWUpVGHVQXWULFLyQFUyQLFDRSRUFRQVHFXHQFLD
GHSUREOHPDVPHGLRDPELHQWDOHV9DOHQ]XHODHWDO(QHVWHWUDEDMRHODQiOLVLV
VDQJXtQHRQRUHYHOyVtQWRPDVGHDQHPLDRUHGXFFLyQGUiVWLFDGHOHXFRFLWRVSURGXFWR
GHDOJXQDGHÀFLHQFLDQXWULFLRQDO/RVYDORUHVGHKHPRJORELQD²JG/\KHPDWRFULWR²DVtFRPRORVFRQWHRVGHHULWURFLWRV\OHXFRFLWRVIXHURQVLPLODUHV
e incluso ligeramente superiores que los reportados en otros estudios realizados en
HVWDHVSHFLH7DYDUHV'LDVHWDO6REHUyQHWDO&HQWHQRHWDO/RFKPDQQ HW DO 3RU RWUD SDUWH ORV YDORUHV GH JOXFRVD FROHVWHURO \ WULJOLFpULGRV
SODVPiWLFRVYDULDURQHQWUHPJG/PJG/\PJG/
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
/RV QLYHOHV GH JOXFRVD GH HVWH WUDEDMR VH HQFXHQWUDQ SRU HQFLPD GH ORV YDORUHV UHSRUWDGRVSRU6REHUyQHWDO(QUHDOLGDGQRH[LVWHQUDQJRVHVWDEOHFLGRVFRPR
QRUPDOHVSDUDJDPLWDQD3RUHMHPSOR*RPHVHWDOVRVWLHQHQTXHORVQLYHOHV
QRUPDOHV SDUD &RORVVRPD YDUtDQ HQWUH PJG/ PLHQWUDV TXH 7DYDUHV'LDV HW
DOORHVWDEOHFHQHQPJG/(O$129$UHYHOyTXHQRKXERXQHIHFWRGH
ODV GLHWDV VREUH ORV SDUiPHWURV VDQJXtQHRV D H[FHSFLyQ GHO UHFXHQWR GH OHXFRFLWRV
3 CONCLUSIONES
1LQJXQDGHODVGLHWDVGHPRVWUyVHUDEVROXWDPHQWHVXSHULRUDODVRWUDVFRPSUREiQGRVHXQEXHQQLYHOGHFUHFLPLHQWR\XWLOL]DFLyQDOLPHQWLFLDHQWRGDV/RVSHFHVGHOD'
SUHVHQWDURQQLYHOHVPiVDGHFXDGRVGH,+6/DVWUHVGLHWDVSURGXMHURQXQLQFUHPHQWR
GHSURWHtQD\JUDVDFRUSRUDODVtFRPRXQDGLVPLQXFLyQGHOFRQWHQLGRPLQHUDOGHORV
SHFHVDOÀQDOGHOHVWXGLR(ODQiOLVLVVDQJXtQHRSRUVXSDUWHQRPRVWUySUREOHPDVGH
DQHPLD R GHVHTXLOLEULRV QXWULFLRQDOHV DSDUHQWHV$O WHQHU UHQGLPLHQWRV VLPLODUHV HV
GHFLVLyQGHOSLVFLFXOWRUHVFRJHUODGLHWDGHLQLFLRGHVXSUHIHUHQFLDSUHYLRDQiOLVLVGHO
FRVWRGHODPLVPD
REFERENCIAS
$GHOL]L 3' 5RVDWL 55 :DUQHU . :X <9 0XHQFK 75 :KLWH 05 %URZQ
37%(YDOXDWLRQRIÀVKPHDOIUHHGLHWVIRUUDLQERZWURXW2QFRUK\QFKXVP\NLVV
$TXDFXOWXUH1XWULWLRQ
%DVWDUGR+6FRU]D&6RÀD69DULDEOHVKHPDWROyJLFDV\ELRTXtPLFDVHQOD
trucha arco iris, relacionadas con la condición hepática y la edad. Zootecnia Tropical,
&HQWHQR / 6LOYD$FXxD 5 %DUULRV 5 6DOD]DU /XJR 5 0DWXWH & 3pUH] -/
2007. Características hematológicas de la cachama (Colossoma macropomum) en tres
HWDSDV GH FUHFLPLHQWR FXOWLYDGDV HQ HO HVWDGR 'HOWD$PDFXUR 9HQH]XHOD =RRWHFQLD
7URSLFDO
'DxLQR3$1DVK5/&KX.RR)0RUL3LQHGR/D&UHFLPLHQWRFRQYHUVLyQ
alimenticia y sobrevivencia de paco (Piaractus brachypomus) cultivado en estanques
FRQ\VLQUHYHVWLPLHQWRGHJHRPHPEUDQDVHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD,Q1~xH]-*DUFtD'iYLOD &5 &KX.RR ) 3RUWR - HGV &RPXQLFDFLRQHV GHO ,, :RUNVKRS VREUH
Biología de las Poblaciones de Peces de la Amazonía y Piscicultura. 148-154p.
'DxLQR3$1DVK5/&KX.RR)E5HQGLPLHQWRSURGXFWLYRGHODJDPLWDQD
(Colossoma macropomum) cultivada en estanques con y sin revestimiento de geoPHPEUDQDV HQ OD$PD]RQtD SHUXDQD ,Q 1~xH] - *DUFtD'iYLOD &5 &KX.RR ) Porto J. (eds.). Comunicaciones del II Workshop sobre Biología de las Poblaciones de
Peces de la Amazonía y Piscicultura. 155-161p.
'HO5LVFR09HOiVTXH]-3DGLOOD30RUL3LQHGR/&KX.RR)(IHFWRV
GHWUHVQLYHOHVSURWHLFRVGLHWDULRVHQHOFUHFLPLHQWRGHMXYHQLOHVGHSDLFKH$UDSDLPD
JLJDV6FKLQ])ROLD$PD]yQLFD
*RPHV/%UDQGmR)&KDJDV()HUUHLUD0/RXUHQoR1(IHLWRGRYROXPH
do tanque-rede na produtividade de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) durante a
UHFULD$FWD$PD]yQLFD
/LP&<LOGLULP0:HONHU7.OHVLXV+*URZWKSHUIRUPDQFHLQPXQHUHVponse, and resistance to Streptococcus iniae of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fed
diets containing various levels of vitamins C and E. Journal of the World Aquaculture
6RFLHW\
/L0+0LQFKHZ&+'2EHUOH')5RELQVRQ(+(YDOXDWLRQRIJO\FHURO
IURPELRGLHVHOSURGXFWLRQDVDIHHGLQJUHGLHQWIRUFKDQQHOFDWÀVK,FWDOXUXVSXQFWDWXV
-RXUQDORIWKH:RUOG$TXDFXOWXUH6RFLHW\
/RFKPDQQ5&KHQ5&KX.RR)&DPDUJR&.RKOHU&(IIHFWVRIFDUERhydrate-rich alternative feedstuffs on growth, survival, body composition, hematology,
DQGQRQVSHFLÀFLPPXQHUHVSRQVHRI%ODFN3DFX&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXPDQG5HG
3DFX3LDUDFWXVEUDFK\SRPXV-RXUQDORIWKH:RUOG$TXDFXOWXUH6RFLHW\
3HWHUVRQ%&%RVZRUWK%*6PDOO%&&RPSDULVRQRIJURZWKERG\FRPSRVLWLRQDQGVWUHVVUHVSRQVHVRI86'$86'$LQGXVWU\DQGIDVWJURZLQJOLQHV
RIFKDQQHOFDWÀVK-RXUQDORIWKH:RUOG$TXDFXOWXUH6RFLHW\
5HED]D & 9DOGLYLHVR 0 5HED]D 0 &KX.RR ) $QiOLVLV HFRQyPLFR GHO
cultivo de gamitana Colossoma macropomum y paco Piaractus brachypomus usando
XQDGLHWDH[WUXVDGDFRPHUFLDOHQ8FD\DOL)ROLD$PD]yQLFD
6DQ]$0HWDEROLFHIIHFWVRIFKDQJHVLQGLHWDU\SURWHLQFDUERK\GUDWHUDWLRLQHHO
$QJXLOODDQJXLOODDQGWURXW2QFRUK\QFKXVP\NLVV$TXDFXOWXUH,QWHUQDWLRQDO
156.
6LQN7'/RFKPDQQ57.LQVH\15*URZWKDQGVXUYLYDORIFKDQQHOFDWÀVK
,FWDOXUXVSXQFWDWXVIU\IHGGLHWVZLWKRUWRWDOSURWHLQDQGDOOSODQWRUDQLPDOSURWHLQVRXUFHV-RXUQDORIWKH:RUOG$TXDFXOWXUH6RFLHW\
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
6REHUyQ0/(&KX.RR)$OFiQWDUD%)3DUiPHWURVKHPDWROyJLFRVFUHFLPLHQWR \ FRPSRVLFLyQ FRUSRUDO GH MXYHQLOHV GH JDPLWDQD &RORVVRPD PDFURSRPXP
&XYLHUFULDGRVEDMRWUHVGHQVLGDGHVGHFXOWLYR)ROLD$PD]yQLFD
7DIXU*-$OFiQWDUD%)'HOÉJXLOD30&XEDV*50RUL3LQHGR/&KX.RR
)3DFR3LDUDFWXVEUDFK\SRPXV\JDPLWDQD&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXPFULDGRVHQSROLFXOWLYRFRQHOEXMXUTXLWXFXQDUp&KDHWREUDQFKXVVHPLIDVFLDWXV&LFKOLGDH)ROLD$PD]yQLFD
7DYDUHV'LDV06DQGULP')6GH0RUDHV)5&DUQHLUR3&)3K\VLRlogical responses of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Characidae) to acute stress.
%ROHWLPGR,QVWLWXWRGH3HVFD6mR3DXOR²
INSUMOS VEGETALES EMPLEADOS EN LA ALIMENTACIÓN DE PECES: UNA SÍNTESIS DE LA EXPERIENCIA PERUANA
)UHG&KX.RR1,2, Luciano Rodríguez Chu1,2&KULVWRSKHU&.RKOHU
,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVGHOD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD,,$33URJUDPD$48$5(&$Y
$EHODUGR4XLxyQH].P,TXLWRV3HU~(PDLOIFKXN#JPDLOFRP
2Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana - UNAP. Maestría en Acuicultura. Cátedra CONCYTEC. Iquitos, Perú.
6RXWKHUQ,OOLQRLV8QLYHUVLW\&DUERQGDOH)LVKHULHVDQG,OOLQRLV$TXDFXOWXUH&HQWHU&DUbondale, IL. 62901. USA.
INTRODUCCIÓN
/DSLVFLFXOWXUDGHHVSHFLHVQDWLYDVDPD]yQLFDVKDH[SHULPHQWDGRXQDFHOHUDGRFUHFLPLHQWRHQHO3HU~(VWDGtVWLFDVRÀFLDOHVPXHVWUDQXQFUHFLPLHQWRGHYHFHVVLSDUWLPRVGHODV70UHSRUWDGDVHQHO\ODFRPSDUDPRVFRQODV70UHJLVWUDGDV
HQHO3URGXFH$SHVDUGHHOORWRGDYtDVHREVHUYDXQDEDMDSURGXFWLYLGDG
SRUXQLGDGGHiUHDFRPRUHVXOWDGRGHOOLPLWDGRJUDGRGHSHUIHFFLRQDPLHQWRWHFQROyJLFR GHO SLVFLFXOWRU FRP~Q \ D OD DXVHQFLD GH SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV TXH IRPHQWHQ GLFKD
DFWLYLGDGHQYDULRVGHSDUWDPHQWRVGHGLFKRSDtV
(VWLPDFLRQHVFRQVHUYDGRUDVLQGLFDQTXHH[LVWHQKDGHHVSHMRGHDJXDGHGLFDGDV
DODSLVFLFXOWXUDHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD7HOORFLIUDDSDUWLUGHODFXDOVHLQÀHUH
XQ UHQGLPLHQWR FHUFDQR D 70KDDxR (O EDMR QLYHO QR VRUSUHQGH VL FRQVLGHUDPRV
TXHSRFRPiVGHOGHODVFRQFHVLRQHVDFXtFRODVHPLWLGDVSRUHOHQWHQRUPDWLYRVH
HQFXHQWUDQHQODVFDWHJRUtDVGH´VXEVLVWHQFLDµ\´PHQRUHVFDODµ(QYLUWXGDHOORKD\
XQWHFKRDOWRGHSRWHQFLDOWRGDYtDSRUDOFDQ]DU70DxRDVXPLHQGRXQQLYHOGH
UHQGLPLHQWRPi[LPRGH70KDDxR
/DDOLPHQWDFLyQHVXQDVSHFWRFUtWLFRHQSLVFLFXOWXUD\DTXHGHHOODGHSHQGHHODGHFXDGRGHVHPSHxRSURGXFWLYRGHORVRUJDQLVPRVHQFXOWLYR\SRUTXHGHPDQGDPiVGH
GHORVFRVWRVGHSURGXFFLyQ$GHOL]LHWDO(OHO,,$3LQWURGXMRH[LWRVDPHQWHHOXVRGHGLHWDVH[WUXVDGDVHQODSLVFLFXOWXUDVHOYiWLFDRULJLQDQGRODHQWUDGDGH
HPSUHVDVQDFLRQDOHV0XUYHFR\WUDQVQDFLRQDOHV3XULQD\1LFRYLWDDHVWHPHUFDGR
6LQHPEDUJRHOFRVWRGHOH[WUXVDGRORWRUQDSURKLELWLYRSDUDXQDPSOLRVHFWRUGHSLVFLFXOWRUHVMXVWDPHQWHDTXHOORVGHEDMRVUHFXUVRVHFRQyPLFRV\GHGLFDGRVDORVFXOWLYRV
GHVXEVLVWHQFLD\PHQRUHVFDOD(QWDOVHQWLGRODREWHQFLyQGHLQVXPRVORFDOHVDOWHUQDWLYRVSDUDODHODERUDFLyQGHUDFLRQHVGHEDMRFRVWRHVXQWHPDGHDFWXDOLGDGSDUD
ODSLVFLFXOWXUDUHJLRQDODPD]yQLFD
$IRUWXQDGDPHQWHHQODUHJLyQH[LVWHXQDDPSOLDYDULHGDGGHSURGXFWRVYHJHWDOHVTXH
VRQWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHXVDGRVFRPRDOLPHQWRVSDUDSHFHV&RPRHMHPSORVHPHQFLRQD
HOXVRGHGLVWLQWRVWLSRVGHKRMDVWXEpUFXORVIUXWRVVHPLOODV\VXESURGXFWRVDJUtFRODV
$OFiQWDUD&RODFH/RFKPDQQHWDO
Entendiendo la importancia de disminuir el costo de producción de pescado mediante
HOHPSOHRGHLQVXPRVGHEDMRFRVWRHOSUHVHQWHWUDEDMRWXYRSRUÀQDOLGDGUHDOL]DUXQD
VtQWHVLVGHORVHVWXGLRVPiVUHFLHQWHVUHDOL]DGRVHQOD$PD]RQLDSHUXDQDGLVFXWLHQGR
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
las implicancias de las mismas en el establecimiento de una piscicultura amazónica,
PiVUHQWDEOH\VRVWHQLEOH
MÉTODOS
6HUHDOL]yXQDGHWDOODGDE~VTXHGDGHLQIRUPDFLyQVREUHODWHPiWLFDHQFXHVWLyQHQ
EDVHV GH GDWRV HQ OtQHD 3UR4XHVW +,1$5, 6&,(/2 HWF \ ELEOLRWHFDV GH FHQWURV
DFDGpPLFRV\GHLQYHVWLJDFLyQ,,$381$381$0$'818HWF/RVFULWHULRVSDUD
ODE~VTXHGDGHLQIRUPDFLyQIXHURQORVVLJXLHQWHVLTXHORVWUDEDMRVKD\DQVLGRSXEOLFDGRVDSDUWLUGHOLLTXHORVHVWXGLRVKD\DQVLGRHMHFXWDGRVHQOD$PD]RQLDSHUXDQDRHQVXGHIHFWRSRUHQWLGDGHV\RLQYHVWLJDGRUHVSHUXDQRV\LLLTXHVHKD\DQ
XWLOL]DGRHVHQFLDOPHQWHSHFHVDPD]yQLFRV
&RQ OD LQIRUPDFLyQ FROHFWDGD VH HODERUDURQ GRV WDEODV TXH PXHVWUDQ L ORV DSRUWHV
QXWULFLRQDOHVGHFDGDLQVXPR\LLHOGHVHPSHxRSURGXFWLYRGHORVSHFHVFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHOFRQVXPRGHODVGLHWDVHODERUDGDVXWLOL]DQGRGLFKRVLQVXPRVDOWHUQDWLYRV
(QEDVHDODLQIRUPDFLyQFROHFWDGDVHUHDOL]yXQDEUHYHGLVFXVLyQDQDOL]DQGRHOHIHFWRGHORVLQVXPRVHQHOUHQGLPLHQWRSURGXFWLYRGHORVSHFHVSDUDÀQDOPHQWHHQVD\DU
XQDFRQFOXVLyQVREUHODVLPSOLFDQFLDVGHHVWDVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHV
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
&XOPLQDGDODIDVHGHE~VTXHGDGHLQIRUPDFLyQVHHQFRQWUyXQWRWDOGHHVWXGLRVHQWUHDUWtFXORVFLHQWtÀFRV\WHVLVGHJUDGRHQIRFDGRVHQHVWDWHPiWLFD/DVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVFXEULHURQXQWRWDOGHLQVXPRVDOWHUQDWLYRVTXHPRVWUDURQGLIHUHQWHVFRQWHQLGRV
QXWULFLRQDOHV7DEOD(QYDULRVFDVRVORVHVWXGLRVIXHURQGLVHxDGRVSDUDVXVWLWXLUD
LQVXPRVWUDGLFLRQDOHVFRPRPDt]DPDULOORRORVVXESURGXFWRVGHWULJRVDOYDGRRPR\XHORHPSOHiQGRVHHQFRPELQDFLyQFRQRWURVLQVXPRVDOWHUQDWLYRV\RWUDGLFLRQDOHV
GLHWDVSUiFWLFDV\VRORHQHOFDVRGH3DODFLRVHWDOVHOHVPH]FOyFRQDGLWLYRV
SXULÀFDGRVGLHWDVVHPLSXULÀFDGDV
(OFRQWHQLGRGHPDWHULDVHFDGHORVLQVXPRVHYDOXDGRVYDULyHQWUHNXG]X\
KDULQDGHDJXDMHGHSURWHtQDVHQWUHKDULQDGH\XFD\KDULQDGH
WDUZLGHOtSLGRVHQWUHKDULQDGHDOPHQGURGHXPDUt\KDULQDGHWDUZLGH
ÀEUDFUXGDHQWUHKDULQDGHSOiWDQR\NXG]XGHFHQL]DVHQWUHKDULQD
GH\XFD\KDULQDGHOHQWHMDGHDJXDGHFDUERKLGUDWRVHQWUHKDULQDGH
WDUZL\KDULQDGH\XFDPLHQWUDVTXHHOFRQWHQLGRGHHQHUJtDEUXWDYDULyHQWUH
NXG]X\.FDO.JKDULQDGHWDUZL
%DViQGRQRV HQ HO DSRUWH QXWULFLRQDO DUELWUDULDPHQWH FODVLÀFDPRV ORV LQVXPRV GH OD
7DEODHQODVVLJXLHQWHVFDWHJRUtDVL3URWHLFRVKDULQDGHWDUZLWRUWDGHVDFKDLQFKL
WRUWDGHFDVWDxDEUDVLOHxD\KDULQDGHOHQWHMDGHDJXDLL*UDVRVRVKDULQDGHWDUZL
KDULQDGHSLMXD\RWRUWDGHFDVWDxDEUDVLOHxD\WRUWDGHVDFKDLQFKLLLL)LEURVRVKDULQD
GHKRMDVGHNXG]XKDULQDGHDJXDMH\KDULQDGHOHQWHMDGHDJXDLY&DOyULFRVKDULQD
GHWDUZLWRUWDGHFDVWDxDEUDVLOHxD\KDULQDGHDOPHQGURGHXPDUt\Y5LFRVHQFDUERKLGUDWRVKDULQDGH\XFDKDULQDGHSOiWDQRKDULQDGHDOPHQGURGHXPDUtKDULQDGH
PDFDKDULQDGHSLMXD\RSROYLOORGHPDOWDGHFHEDGD\WULJRUHJLRQDOFDWHJRUtDGRQGH
HQFDMyHOJUXHVRGHORVLQVXPRVHQFRQWUDGRV
(QOD7DEODVHQRWDTXHGHORVH[SHULPHQWRVGHDOLPHQWDFLyQVHLVIXHURQFRQGXFLGRVHQMDXODVVXPHUJLGDVGHPWUHVHQHVWDQTXHVGHWLHUUDGRVHQVLVWHPDVGH
UHFLUFXODFLyQ\VRORXQRHQDFXDULRVGHYLGULR(VWRVWUDEDMRVHPSOHDURQGRVSHFHVGH
UpJLPHQ RPQtYRUR OD JDPLWDQD Colossoma macropomum) y el paco (Piaractus brachypomus6RORXQWUDEDMRIXHUHSRUWDGRSDUDHOKtEULGRFRQRFLGRFRPRSDFRWDQD&
macropomum Ƃ[3EUDFK\SRPXVƃ
/DV GLHWDV HPSOHDGDV HQ ORV WUDEDMRV UHYLVDGRV IXHURQ H[FOXVLYDPHQWH SHOHWL]DGDV
FRQWHQLHQGRQLYHOHVGHLQFOXVLyQGHOLQVXPRHQHYDOXDFLyQHQHOUDQJRGHD
GHOWRWDOGHODGLHWD3RURWURODGRHOFRQWHQLGRSURWHLFR\FDOyULFRGHODVGLHWDVYDULy
HQWUH\².FDO.JUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH8QGHWDOOHLPSRUWDQWHSXHVWR
TXHGLÀFXOWyODFRPSDUDFLyQHQWUHHVWXGLRVHVHOSHVRLQLFLDOGHORVSHFHVGHELGRDVX
DOWDYDULDELOLGDGGHDJ(OWLHPSRHPSOHDGRSDUDUHDOL]DUODIDVHH[SHULPHQWDO
GHFDGDHVWXGLRYDULyHQWUH\GtDVFRPRPi[LPRVLHQGRORVQLYHOHVGHVREUHYLYHQFLDPX\DOWRV
&RQVLGHUDQGRSDUiPHWURVFRPRORVÀQHVGHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQODFLIUDGDH[SHFWDWLYDGH
los investigadores en sus respectivos insumos y el costo de los insumos evaluados,
VHSXHGHGHFLUTXHVHREWXYLHURQUHVXOWDGRVLQWHUHVDQWHVFRQODWRUWDGHFDVWDxDEUDVLOHxDKDULQDGHWULJRUHJLRQDOKDULQDGH\XFDKDULQDGHSOiWDQRKDULQDGHSLMXD\R
SROYLOORGHPDOWDGHFHEDGDKDULQDGHOHQWHMDGHDJXD\KDULQDGHDOPHQGURGHXPDUt
$SHVDUGHTXHORVPHMRUHVYDORUHVGH,&$$\7&(IXHURQUHSRUWDGRVSDUDODKDULQD
GHPDFD3DODFLRVHWDOGLItFLOPHQWHVHSRGUtDHPSOHDUHVWHLQVXPRSDUDGLHWDV
GHEDMRFRVWRSRUTXHQRHVRULXQGDGHODUHJLyQDPD]yQLFDHVDOWLSOiQLFD\SRUTXpHO
NLORGHKDULQDGHPDFDIiFLOPHQWHURQGDHQWUH\GyODUHVHQ/LPD(OFDVRGHODJXDMH
HVVLQJXODU\DTXHHVODIUXWDUHJLRQDOHQHVWDGRIUHVFRPiVFRQVXPLGDGHODVHOYD
SHUXDQDVRORODSREODFLyQGHODFLXGDGGH,TXLWRVFRQVXPHWRQGtDORTXHSRUGLVSRQLELOLGDG\SUHFLRQRVHWRUQDIDFWLEOHSDUDVXXVRPDVLYRHQDFXLFXOWXUD
'HRWURODGRLQVXPRVGHDOWRYDORUSURWHLFR\OLStGLFRFRPRODKDULQDGHWDUZL\ODWRUWD
GHVDFKDLQFKLGHORVFXDOHVVHHVSHUDEDXQDOWRUHQGLPLHQWRHQEDVHMXVWDPHQWHD
VXVWHyULFDVERQGDGHVQXWULFLRQDOHVVLPSOHPHQWHGHFHSFLRQDURQDORVLQYHVWLJDGRUHV
(OGHVFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODDXVHQFLDGHDOJXQRVDPLQRiFLGRVHVHQFLDOHVODSUHVHQFLD
GHIDFWRUHVDQWLQXWULFLRQDOHVGHLQKLELGRUHVGHODVSURWHDVDVRGHORVFRHÀFLHQWHVGH
digestibilidad de los nutrientes de estos insumos, son algunas de las causas argumenWDGDVSRUORVDXWRUHVSDUDH[SOLFDUHOEDMRUHQGLPLHQWRGHORVSHFHVDOLPHQWDGRVFRQ
HVWRVLQJUHGLHQWHV3RUVXSHUÀOSURWHLFRHVWRVGRVLQVXPRVIXHURQHYDOXDGRVLQWHQWDQGRVHUDOWHUQDWLYDVSDUFLDOHVDODWRUWDGHVR\DTXHHVLPSRUWDGDGH$UJHQWLQD%ROLYLD\
3DUDJXD\DVtFRPRGHODKDULQDGHSHVFDGR
6LELHQORVUHQGLPLHQWRVSURGXFWLYRVÀQDOHVGHORVSHFHVDOLPHQWDGRVFRQWRUWDGHFDVWDxDEUDVLOHxDKDULQDGHWULJRUHJLRQDOKDULQDGH\XFDKDULQDGHSOiWDQRKDULQDGH
SLMXD\RSROYLOORGHPDOWDGHFHEDGDKDULQDGHOHQWHMDGHDJXD\KDULQDGHDOPHQGUR
GHXPDUtVRQLQIHULRUHVDORVUHSRUWDGRVFRQHOXVRGHGLHWDVH[WUXVDGDV'DxLQRHW
DOpVWRVVRQORVXÀFLHQWHPHQWHFRQVLVWHQWHVSDUDODSLVFLFXOWXUDFRQÀQHVHVSHFtÀFRVGHVXEVLVWHQFLD\PHQRUHVFDOD'HKHFKRORVSLVFLFXOWRUHVGHVXEVLVWHQFLD\
DTXHOORVORFDOL]DGRVHQFRPXQLGDGHVUXUDOHVGHFHMDGHVHOYDSH$PD]RQDV$\DFXFKR&X]FR+XiQXFR\6DQ0DUWtQFRVHFKDQVXVSHFHVSDFRJDPLWDQD\RWLODSLD
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
HQWUHORVGtDVGHFXOWLYRFXDQGRpVWRVDOFDQ]DQJGHSHVR3RU
WDQWRHVWRVLQVXPRVSXHGHQVHUXWLOL]DGRVVLQFRPSURPHWHUODSURGXFFLyQHVSHUDGD
3RURWURODGRODYDULDELOLGDGREVHUYDGDHQHOWLHPSRGHFRVHFKDGHSHQGHQRVRORGHO
DOLPHQWRVLQRWDPELpQGHODHVSHFLHFXOWLYDGDHOSHVRLQLFLDOGHVLHPEUDODGHQVLGDG
GHFXOWLYRODVFRQGLFLRQHVFOLPiWLFDV\HOPDQHMRDOLPHQWLFLR
$GLFLRQDOPHQWHODGLVSRQLELOLGDG\SUHFLRVGHYDULRVLQVXPRVIDFLOLWDVXHPSOHRPDVLYR
HQSLVFLFXOWXUD(QWDOVHQWLGR/RFKPDQQHWDOPHQFLRQDTXHH[LVWHQLQVXPRV
regionales cuyos precios, muchas veces debido a la saturación del mercado, caen
KDVWDQLYHOHVGRQGHSXHGHQVHUPHMRUHPSOHDGRVFRPRLQVXPRVSDUDSLVFLFXOWXUD1R
KD\GXGDGHTXHHOPDt]\HOWULJRVRQODVSULQFLSDOHVIXHQWHVHQHUJpWLFDVHPSOHDGDV
HQGLHWDVSDUDSHFHVDPD]yQLFRV0RUL3LQHGRHWDO/RFKPDQQHWDO(PSHURHOSUHFLRGHHVWRVGRVLQVXPRVVHKDLQFUHPHQWDGRSDXODWLQDPHQWHHQHO~OWLPR
OXVWURVLHQGRHOWULJRLQFOXVRLPSRUWDGRDSUHFLRVDOWRV(QFRQWUDVWHYDULRVGHORVLQVXPRVHYDOXDGRVHQHO3HU~IRUPDQSDUWHGHODGLHWDGHOSREODGRUORFDO\VRQFXOWLYDGRV
FHUFD GH ORV HVWDQTXHV GH SURGXFFLyQ SLVFtFROD IDFLOLWDQGR VX HPSOHR \ DEDUDWDQGR
VXVWDQFLDOPHQWHORVFRVWRVGHSURGXFFLyQ
REFERENCIAS
$OFiQWDUD)%&RODFH0%3LVFLFXOWXUDVHJXULGDGDOLPHQWDULD\GHVDUUROORHQ
la carretera Iquitos-Nauta y el río Tigre. Valorando y preservando nuestros peces amazónicos. Editorial Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana. Iquitos, Perú.
$GHOL]L3'5RVDWL55:DUQHU.:X<90XHQFK75:KLWH05%URZQ3%
(YDOXDWLRQRIÀVKPHDOIUHHGLHWVIRUUDLQERZWURXW2QFRUK\QFKXVP\NLVV$TXDFXOWXUH1XWULWLRQ
$UPDV 25$ ,QÁXHQFLD GH OD KDULQD GH WDUZL /XSLQXV PXWDELOLV )DEDFHDH
en el crecimiento de alevinos de gamitana, Colossoma macropomum (Serrasalmidae)
criados en ambientes controlados. Tesis para optar el Título de Biólogo. UNAP. Iquitos,
Perú. 66p.
%DQFHV.&0R\D/&6XVWLWXFLyQGHODKDULQDGHPDt]=HDPD\VSRUOD
harina de almendro de umarí (Poraqueiba sericea) en raciones para alevines de gamitana, Colossoma macropomum (Pisces, Serrasalmidae). Tesis para optar el Título de
Biólogo. UNAP. Iquitos, Perú. 70 p.
&DPSRV30)6XVWLWXFLyQGHODKDULQDGHPDt]=HDPD\VSRUKDULQDGHNXG]X
Pueraria phaseoloides en dietas para alevinos de gamitana, Colossoma macropomum
FULDGRVHQMDXODV7HVLVSDUDRSWDUHO7tWXOR3URIHVLRQDOGH%LyORJR81$3,TXLWRV3HU~
72p.
&DVDGR '&35RGUtJXH] &/$OFiQWDUD %)&KX.RR ) (YDOXDFLyQ GHO
WULJR UHJLRQDO &RL[ ODFU\PDMREL 3RDFHDH FRPR LQVXPR DOLPHQWLFLR SDUD JDPLWDQD
&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXP)ROLD$PD]yQLFD
&DVDQRYD)5&KX.RR)(YDOXDFLyQGHOSROYLOORGHPDOWDGHFHEDGD+RUGHXPYXOJDUHFRPRLQVXPRDOLPHQWLFLRSDUDJDPLWDQD&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXP)R-
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
OLD$PD]yQLFD
&KX.RR):.RKOHU&&)DFWLELOLGDGGHOXVRGHWUHVLQVXPRVYHJHWDOHVHQ
GLHWDVSDUDJDPLWDQD&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXP,Q5HQQR-)*DUFtD'iYLOD&5
'XSRQFKHOOH)1~xH]-HGV%LRORJtDGHODV3REODFLRQHVGH3HFHVGHOD$PD]Rnía y Piscicultura. 184-191p.
&KXTXLSLRQGR-0/*DOGyV5$3,QÁXHQFLDGHODKDULQDGHSOiWDQR0XVD
paradisiaca L. en el crecimiento de alevinos de gamitana, Colossoma macropomum
(Cuvier, 1818). Tesis para optar el Título de Biólogo. UNAP. Iquitos – Perú. 78p.
'DxLQR3$1DVK5/&KX.RR)5HQGLPLHQWRSURGXFWLYRGHODJDPLWDQD
(Colossoma macropomum) cultivada en estanques con y sin revestimiento de geoPHPEUDQDVHQOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD,Q1~xH]-&KX.RR)3RUWR-*DUFtD'ivila, C.R. (eds.). Biología de las Poblaciones de Peces de la Amazonía y Piscicultura.
155-161p.
/RFKPDQQ5&KHQ5&KX.RR):&DPDUJR:.RKOHU&&(IIHFWVRI
carbohydrate-rich alternative feedstuffs on growth, survival, body composition, hematoORJ\DQGQRQVSHFLÀFLPPXQHUHVSRQVHRI%ODFN3DFX&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXPDQG
5HG3DFX3LDUDFWXVEUDFK\SRPXV-RXUQDORIWKH:RUOG$TXDFXOWXUH6RFLHW\
44.
0DFKXFD(-0HMtD338WLOL]DFLyQGHODKDULQDGHOHQWHMDGHDJXD/HPQD
sp.) en dietas para alevinos de paco (Piaractus brachypomus) y pacotana (Colossoma
PDFURSRPXP [ 3LDUDFWXV EUDFK\SRPXV FULDGRV HQ MDXODV ÁRWDQWHV7HVLV SDUD
optar el Título Profesional de Biólogo. UNAP. Iquitos, Perú. 75p
0HUFDGR)-$(IHFWRGHWUHVGLHWDVSUDFWLFDVDEDVHGHFDVWDxD%HUWKROOHWLD
H[FHOVD SLMXD\R %DFWULV JDVLSDHV \ PXFXQD 0XFXQD SUXULHQV HQ HO GHVHPSHxR
SURGXFWLYR GH MXYHQLOHV GH SDFR 3LDUDFWXV EUDFK\SRPXV 7HVLV SDUD RSWDU HO 7tWXOR
3URIHVLRQDOGH,QJHQLHUR$JURLQGXVWULDO81$0$'3XHUWR0DOGRQDGR3HU~S
0RUD8USt-:HEHU-&&OHPHQW5&3HDFKSDOP%DFWULVJDVLSDHV.XQWK
Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. IPGRI. 83p.
0RUL3LQHGR/3HUHLUD)LOKR02OLYHLUD²3HUHLUD06XEVWLWXokRGRIXEiGH
PLOKR=HDPD\V/SRUIDULQKDGHSXSXQKD%DFWULVJDVLSDHV+%.HPUDo{HVSDUD
DOHYLQRVGHWDPEDTXL&RORVVRPDPDFURSRPXP$FWD$PD]yQLFD²
2UHOODQD$0XFKD\SLxD--*XLOOHUPR--3UHYDOHQFLDGHKRQJRVHQKDULQD
GH/HSLGLXPSHUXYLDQXP©0DFDªHQPHUFDGRVGH$QGDKXD\ODV,FD\&DxHWH²3HU~
5HY3HUXDQDGH%LRORJtD
3DODFLRV0('DEURZVNL.$ELDGR0$/HH.-.RKOHU&&(IIHFWV
RI GLHWV IRUPXODWHG ZLWK QDWLYH 3HUXYLDQ SODQWV RQ JURZWK DQG IHHGLQJ HIÀFLHQF\ RI
5HG 3DFX 3LDUDFWXV EUDFK\SRPXV MXYHQLOHV -RXUQDO RI :RUOG$TXDFXOWXUH 6RFLHW\
352'8&(0LQLVWHULRGHOD3URGXFFLyQ&RVHFKDGHUHFXUVRVKLGURELROyJLFRV
procedentes de la actividad de acuicultura según ámbito y especie (ene - oct 2011).
%ROHWtQ (VWDGtVWLFR KWWSZZZSURGXFHJRESH5HSRVLWRULR$36MHU$&8,68%0(18RFWXEUHBSGI9LVLWDGRHO0DU]R
4XLVSH-)$\DOD50,QJXQ]D5*/DQGHR3(3DVFXDO&*&DUDFWHUL]DFLyQGHDFHLWHVWRUWDV\KDULQDVGHIUXWRVGHXQJXUDKXL-HVVHQLDSRO\FDUSD\DJXDMH
0DXULWLDÁH[XRVDGHOD$PD]RQtDSHUXDQD5HYLVWDGHOD6RFLHGDG4XtPLFDGHO3HU~
5XL]$-9HOD008WLOL]DFLyQGHODWRUWDGHVDFKDLQFKL3OXNHQHWLDYROXELlis (Euphorbiaceae) en raciones para alevinos de gamitana, Colossoma macropomum
6HUUDVDOPLGDH FULDGRV HQ MDXODV ÁRWDQWHV7HVLV SDUD RSWDU HO7tWXOR 3URIHVLRQDO GH
Biólogo. UNAP. Iquitos, Perú. 78p.
6XiUH]-8WLOL]DFLyQGHODWRUWDGHFDVWDxDEUDVLOHUD%HUWKROOHWLDH[FHOVDHQOD
alimentación de gamitana (Colossoma macropomum). Tesis para optar el Título Profesional de Biólogo. UNAP. Iquitos, Perú. 74p.
7HOOR63URJUDPD$48$5(&,QIRUPHGH*HVWLyQ,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDciones de la Amazonía Peruana – IIAP. Iquitos, Perú. 43p.
8GR,88PRUHQ8(1XWULWLRQDOHYDOXDWLRQRIVRPHORFDOO\DYDLODEOHLQJUHGLHQWV XVH IRU OHDVWFRVW UDWLRQ IRUPXODWLRQ IRU $IULFDQ FDWÀVK &ODULDV JDULHSLQXV LQ
1LJHULD$VLDQ-RXUQDORI$JULFXOWXUDO5HVHDUFK
180
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
EL SISTEMA ACUÍCOLA DE RECICLAJE INTEGRAL (SARI), UN CIRCUITO CERRADO QUE CONTIENE UN ECOSISTEMA COMPUESTO
DE PECES Y PLANCTON
Sylvain Gilles15RVD,VPLxR2&KULVWLDQ)HUQDQGH]15pPL'XJXp1)UDQ‫ۻ‬RLV.HUYDUHF1,
-HDQ)UDQ‫ۻ‬RLV5HQQR1-HV~V1XxH]1
,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW²,5'²)UDQFLD
2 Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana – IIAP – Perú.
INTRODUCCIÓN
Los circuitos cerrados van a tener una gran importancia en el desarrollo de la acuiculWXUDHQ$PD]RQtDFHQWUDOTXHQRWLHQHVXPLQLVWURGHDJXDFRQJUDYHGDGSRUIDOWDGHUHOLHYHORTXHSHUPLWHXQDKRUURLPSRUWDQWHGHHQHUJtDSRUERPEHRUHXVDQGRHODJXDGH
FUtD&RQHOORVVHSXHGHFRORFDUXQDSURGXFFLyQDFXtFRODHQFXDOTXLHUVLWLRXWLOL]DQGR
ODVFDSDVIUHiWLFDV\SHUPLWHQWDPELpQDLVODQGRODVJUDQMDVHYLWDULQWURGXFFLRQHVGH
DJHQWHVSDWyJHQRVHQODVFUtDV\UHFtSURFDPHQWHFRQWDPLQDFLRQHVGHODELRGLYHUVLGDG
JHQpWLFDGHOPHGLRQDWXUDO/RVFLUFXLWRVFHUUDGRVFOiVLFRVIXQFLRQDQHQDJXDFODUDFRQ
ÀOWURVTXHVDFDQORVKHFHVGHOVLVWHPDItVLFRV\RWURVTXHWUDQVIRUPDQODRULQDDPRQLDFRHQQLWUDWRVTXHQRVRQWy[LFRVELROyJLFRV
/D$FXLFXOWXUD0XOWL7UyÀFD,QWHJUDGD$07,HVXQDSUiFWLFDHQODTXHORVGHVHFKRV
GH XQD HVSHFLH VRQ UHFLFODGRV SDUD FRQYHUWLUVH HQ DSRUWHV IHUWLOL]DQWHV DOLPHQWRV
SDUD RWUD &KRSLQ ´0XOWLWUyÀFDµ VH UHÀHUH D OD LQFRUSRUDFLyQ GH HVSHFLHV GH
GLIHUHQWHVQLYHOHVWUyÀFRVRQXWULFLRQDOHVHQHOPLVPRVLVWHPD6HSXHGHFRPELQDUHOH
SULQFLSLRGHOFLUFXLWRFHUUDGRFRQOD$07,OLJDQGRYRO~PHQHVGHFUtDLQWHQVLYDFRQRWURV
GHFUtDH[WHQVLYDTXHIXQFLRQDQFRPRXQLGDGHVGHGHSXUDFLyQGHODJXD6HSXHGHXVDU
DJXDYHUGHFRQHOÀWRSODQFWRQHVWDEOHFLHQGRXQPXWXDOLVPRFRQORVSHFHVODVDOJDV
GHSXUDQHODJXDGHODH[FUHFLyQGHORVSHFHV\OHVOOHYDQR[tJHQRFRQODIRWRVtQWHVLV
ORVSHFHVGDQQXWULHQWHV\&2DOÀWRSODQFWRQ*LOOHVHWDO<DGHPiVHOXWLOL]DU
SHFHV GHWULWtYRURV SHUPLWH PLQHUDOL]DU ODV DOJDV TXH PXHUHQ \ VH VHGLPHQWDQ \ DVt
PDQWHQHUHO´EORRPµÀWRSODQFWyQLFR0F4XHHQHWDO'UHQQHUHWDO/D]]DUR1RUWKFRWH(OVHUHWDO3HURFXDQGRVHDxDGHDOLPHQWRHQHO
VLVWHPDSDUDREWHQHUXQFUHFLPLHQWRGHORVSHFHVODGHQVLGDGÀWRSODQFWyQLFDDXPHQWD
y tiene que ser regulada para evitar un hundimiento de la población de algas debido a
ODDOWDFRQFHQWUDFLyQ5LPRQ\6KLOR
Dos tipos representativos de esos circuitos cerrados en agua verde han sido desarroOODGRVXVDQGRGLVSRVLWLYRVSHULyGLFRVRSHUPDQHQWHVGHH[WUDFFLyQGHOÀWRSODQFWRQ(O
'HNHO$TXDFXOWXUH6\VWHPHQHOFXDOHODJXDGHFUtDHVHOLPLQDGDIXHUDGHOVLVWHPD
DOÀQDOGHOFLFOR\WLHQHTXHVHUUHQRYDGDSDUDHOFLFORVLJXLHQWH0LUHVHWDO0LUHV\$PLW<HO3DUWLWLRQHG$TXDFXOWXUH6\VWHP3$6GRQGHHOÀWRSODQFWRQHV
FRVHFKDGRFRQWLQXDPHQWHFRQXQÀOWURURWDWLYR'UDSFKR\%UXQH%UXQHHWDO
DQG
1RVRWURVHQHOFHQWUR,5'GH0ERXUKHPRVGHVDUUROODGRHQWUHDXQVLVWHPD
TXHQRQHFHVLWDH[WUDHUHOÀWRSODQFWRQFRQXQSULPHUSURWRWLSRXELFDGRHQ6HQHJDOD
181
RULOODVGHO$WOiQWLFR*LOOHVHWDOHQSUHQVD(OFXDOIXQFLRQDFRQXQFLUFXLWRFHUUDGR
GH P DOEHUJDQGR XQ HFRVLVWHPD VLPSOH GRQGH HO ÀWRSODQFWRQ HV FRQVXPLGR SRU
]RRSODQFWRQ SRU OR TXH VX FUHFLPLHQWR HVWi FRQWURODGR (VWH FRQVXPR HV UHDOL]DGR
en un volumen colocado en derivación del circuito principal compuesto de una parte
LQWHQVLYDGRQGHORVSHFHVVRQDOLPHQWDGRVOLJDGDDXQDSDUWHH[WHQVLYDGRQGHORVSHFHVFRQVXPHQORVGHVHFKRV\FUHFHHOÀWRSODQFWRQ(OYROXPHQGHGLFDGRDOFXOWLYRGHO
]RRSODQFWRQRSHUDFRQUHOOHQRVGHDJXDYHUGH\YDFtRVVXFHVLYRVFRPRXQSXOPyQ(O
zooplancton reintroducido en el circuito es consumido por los peces, sobre todo por los
DOHYLQRV(VWHSURWRWLSRKDIXQFLRQDGRHQDJXDVDOREUHSSPFRQODWLODSLDHXULDlina Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii \WXYRFRORQL]DFLyQQDWXUDO\H[FOXVLYDGHO
DOJD&KORUHOODVS1DQQRFKORULV\HOURWtIHURBrachionus plicatilis/DSURGXFWLYLGDGGHO
SURWRWLSRHVGHWRQKDDxRFRQXQDWDVDGHFRQYHUVLyQGHODOLPHQWRGH1R
VHKDQUHDOL]DGRUHFDPELRVGHDJXDVRORVHKDFRPSHQVDGRODHYDSRUDFLyQ6HJ~QOD
concentración algal, el sedimento depositado en el volumen de producción zooplanctoQLFDHUDUHFKD]DGRGHOVLVWHPDVHDUHLQWURGXFLGRHQHOFLUFXLWRSULQFLSDO(UDOD~QLFD
GHSHUGLFLyQGHPDWHULDRUJiQLFD
(QODDFWXDOLGDGXQVHJXQGRSURWRWLSRGHHVWHVLVWHPDGHFUtDIXQFLRQDDKRUDHQHO
FHQWURGHO,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVGHOD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD,,$3HQ,TXLWRV3HU~
(VXQFLUFXLWRFHUUDGRGHPGHYROXPHQWRWDOGHGLFDGRDODFUtDGHODUYDV\ODSURGXFFLyQGHMXYHQLOHVGHODGRQFHOODPseudoplatystoma punctifer (fasciatum), o de otras
HVSHFLHVGHEDJUH(OREMHWLYRFRQVXXVRHVSURSRQHUXQFLUFXLWRFHUUDGRHQDJXDYHUGHGHWDPDxRGHFUtDFRPSDUDEOHDOTXH\DIXQFLRQDHQODHVWDFLyQGHO,,$3SURJUDPD
$TXDUHFHQDJXDFODUD$VtVHSRGUiWHQHUXQDFRPSDUDFLyQPX\LQVWUXFWLYDHQWUHORV
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRVGHORVGRVWLSRVGHFLUFXLWRFHUUDGR)LJXUD
Figura 1. 'HVFULSFLyQJUiÀFDGHOFLUFXLWR6$5,LQVWDODGRHQ4XLVWR&RFKDHQODVHGH
GHO,,$3HQ,TXLWRV
182
(VWH FLUFXLWR HQ DJXD YHUGH IXH FRORQL]DGR DO SULQFLSLR GH VX IXQFLRQDPLHQWR HQHUR
SRUXQDOJDYHUGHGHOJHQHUR*ROLQNLQLDHOFXDOWLHQHHVSLQDVSXHGHDOFDQ]DU
GLiPHWURGH!!!!!\WDSDIiFLOPHQWHORVÀOWURVGHQHFHVDULRVHQORVSULPHURVGtDV
GHFUtDGH3SXQFWLIHU$VtORVSULPHURVHQVD\RVVREUHVXIXQFLRQDPLHQWRIXHURQKHFKRVFRQSHFHV\DMXYHQLOHV\WDPELpQDGXOWRVORVFXDOHVVHGHVFULEHQHQHVWHDUWtFXOR
TXHSUHVHQWDODDGDSWDFLyQGH3SXQFWLIHUDHVWHQXHYRWLSRGHFLUFXLWRFHUUDGR
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
'HVFULSFLyQGHOSURWRWLSR(OFLUFXLWRFHUUDGRVHFRPSRQHGHXQYROXPHQGHFUtDODUYDO
GLYLGLGRHQWDQTXHVGHOLWURVOHQWRWDODVRFLDGRDXQYROXPHQGHGHSXUDFLyQGHODJXDFRQXQDSURSRUFLyQDSUR[LPDGDGHD(OYROXPHQWRWDOGHGHSXUDFLyQ
HVGHPGLYLGLGRHQDUWHVDVWDQTXHVFRQFPGHSURIXQGLGDGODVXSHUÀFLH
GHGHSXUDFLyQHVGHP)LJXUD'RVDUWHVDVGHPFDGDXQDVRQGHGLFDGDV
DODPLQHUDOL]DFLyQGHORVGHVHFKRVRUJiQLFRV\ODSURGXFFLyQÀWRSODQFWyQLFD)HQOD
)LJXUDRWUDVGRVGHPVRQGHGLFDGDVDODSURGXFFLyQ]RRSODQFWyQLFD=HQOD
)LJXUD(QHOYROXPHQGHGHSXUDFLyQ)VHPDQWLHQHQSHFHVGHWULWtYRURVTXHFRPHQ
ORV GHVHFKRV GH OD FUtD ODUYDO KHFHV DOLPHQWR HQ H[FHVR \ WDPELpQ TXH FRPHQ HO
ÀWRSODQFWRQVHGLPHQWDGR(QHOYROXPHQGHGHSXUDFLyQ=QRKD\SHFHVGHWULWtYRURV\
VHSURGXFH]RRSODQFWRQTXHUHJXODODELRPDVDÀWRSODQFWyQLFDHQH[FHVR
/RVWDQTXHVGHFUtDODUYDO\ODVDUWHVDV)FRQVWLWX\HQHOFLUFXLWRSULQFLSDOTXHIXQFLRQD
SHUPDQHQWHPHQWH(VRVYRO~PHQHVVHYDFtDQ~QLFDPHQWHSDUDFRVHFKDUORVSHFHVDO
ÀQDOGHOFLFORGHFUtD/DVDUWHVDV=VRQFRORFDGDVHQGHULYDFLyQGHOFLUFXLWRSULQFLSDO
\IXQFLRQDQFRQUHOOHQRV\GUHQDMHVVXFHVLYRV(VDVGRVDUWHVDVWLHQHQXQDFRPXQLFDFLyQHQWUHHOODVSDUDSRGHUKDFHUVLHPEUDVUHFtSURFDVHQ]RRSODQFWRQ
(OYROXPHQWRWDOGHFLUFXLWRHVP/DVERPEDVGHFLUFXODFLyQGHODJXDTXHIXQFLRQDQDOWHUQDWLYDPHQWHWLHQHQXQFDXGDOGHPK$VtHOYROXPHQGHFUtDODUYDOSXHGHWHQHUXQUHFDPELRSURPHGLRGHDJXDGHOK\HOGHGHSXUDFLyQWDQTXHV\
GHK&ROXPQDVGH´GHVJDVHRµFRORFDGDVHQHOVXPLQLVWURGHODJXDGHORVWDQTXHV
GHGHSXUDFLyQSHUPLWHQUHJXODUL]DUORVJDVHVGLVXHOWRVQRWDEOHPHQWHHO2\HO&2
6HJXLPLHQWRGHORVSDUiPHWURVItVLFRTXtPLFRVLa temperatura del agua (°C), la conFHQWUDFLyQ GHO R[tJHQR GLVXHOWR \ HO S+ VRQ PHGLGRV HQ HO FLUFXLWR GRV YHFHV DO GtD
DP\SPXVDQGRR[LPHWUR&\EHU6FDQ'2+DQQD+,S+PHWHU(O
QLWUyJHQRDPRQLDFDO11+11+ORVQLWULWRV12\ORVQLWUDWRV12VRQ
PHGLGRVFRQXQIRWyPHWUR+DQQD+,XQDYH]DOGtDSP/DOX]HVPHGLGDFDGD
GLH]VHJXQGDV:KPGtDFRQXQS\UDQRPHWUR63/LWHGHPDUFD.LSS=RQHQ'HOIW
7KH1HWKHUODQGV
0DWHULDOELROyJLFR6HWUDEDMyFRQPseudoplatystoma punctiferFRQMXYHQLOHVQDFLGRVHO
GHHQHURGH/RVSHFHVGHWULWtYRURVHVFRJLGRVSDUDWHQHUHOSDSHOGHPLQHUDOL]DFLyQHQORVWDQTXHV\GHSXUDFLyQSHUWHQHFHQDODIDPLOLD/RULFDULLGDHFRQODV
especies siguientes: Pterygoplichthys scrophus, Pseudorinelepis genibarbis, Hypostomus enmarginatus, Glyptoperichthys sp y Ancistrus sp
6HJXLPLHQWRGHORVSDUiPHWURVELROyJLFRV/DFRQFHQWUDFLyQHQÀWRSODQFWRQIXHPHGLGD
XQD YH] DO GtD SRU FRORULPHWUtD FRQ HO IRWyPHWUR +DQQD QP HVWDEOHFLHQGR XQD
UHODFLyQHQWUHODGHQVLGDGySWLFD'2\ODGHQVLGDGDOJDO'$*ROHQNLQLDVSPHGLGD
FRQODFpOXODGH0DODVVH]XVDQGRXQPLFURVFRSLR2O\PSXV&;[PDJQLÀFDFLyQ
VHJ~QODHFXDFLyQ
'$ H'25 JO 183
/D FRQFHQWUDFLyQ HQ ]RRSODQFWRQ LQGPO IXH GHWHUPLQDGD FRQ FRQWHRV XVDQGR XQ
2/<03866=;VWHUHRPLFURVFRSHGHVSXpVGHDxDGLUIRUPDOGHKtGRPHGLDQWH
FRQWHRVKHFKRVHQPXHVWUDVGHѥOHQWUHODVFXDOHVODPiVDOWD\ODPiVEDMDPHGLGDHVUHFKD]DGD
3HULRGRVGHHVWXGLR6HUHDOL]DURQWUHVSHUtRGRVGHHVWXGLRGHPD\RDOGHMXQLR
GHDJRVWRDGHVHSWLHPEUH\GHVHWLHPEUHDGHQRYLHPEUHGH
3URWRFRORVGHFUtDVGHSUHHQJRUGH\GHHQJRUGH Durante los dos primeros ensayos
GRFHMXYHQLOHVGH3SXQFWLIHUIXHURQFRORFDGRVLQGLYLGXDOPHQWHHQORVWDQTXHVGH
OLWURV'XUDQWHHOWHUFHUHQVD\RQXHYHMXYHQLOHVIXHURQDJUXSDGRVHQXQDMDXODGH
PFRORFDGDHQHOSULPHUWDQTXHGHGHSXUDFLyQ
$OLPHQWDFLyQ GH ORV SHFHV \ VHJXLPLHQWR DO FUHFLPLHQWR Las tasas de alimentación
GLDULDVHJ~QORVH[SHULPHQWRVIXHURQ\FRQXQDOLPHQWRÁRWDQWHGHGH
SURWHtQD/DVGHQVLGDGHVGHFUtDIXHURQ\.JP6HHYDOXyHOGHVHPSHxRFRQ
HOtQGLFHGHFUHFLPLHQWRGLDULR,&'
3I²3L7GRQGH3ISHVRÀQDO3LSHVRLQLFLDO
7GXUDFLyQGHOSHUtRGRHQGtDV
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
'XUDQWHORVWUHVHQVD\RVQRRFXUULyQLQJ~QUHFDPELRGHDJXDQLHOLPLQDFLyQGHODPDWHULDRUJiQLFDHOUHFLFODMHIXHWRWDO/RVSDUiPHWURVItVLFRTXtPLFRVVHSUHVHQWDQHQOD
7DEOD
7DEOD3DUiPHWURVItVLFRTXtPLFRVSUHVHQWDGRVHQUXWLQDHQODPDxDQD\WDUGH1$7
QLWUyJHQRDPRQLDFDOWRWDO
(OÀWRSODQFWRQQDWXUDOPHQWHVHPEUDGRTXHUiSLGDPHQWHGRPLQyHOPHGLRGHPDQHUD
FDVLH[FOXVLYDSHUWHQHFHDOJpQHURGolenkiniaHOLPLQDQGRRWUDVDOJDVGHORVJpQHURV
Scenedesnus y ChlorellaFRQXQDFRQFHQWUDFLyQTXHYDULyGH[D[Fp184
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
OXODVPO(VWDYDULDFLyQLPSRUWDQWHQXQFDKDDIHFWDGRORVSDUiPHWURVItVLFRV\TXtPLFRV
QLODSURGXFFLyQGHR[tJHQR
(O]RRSODQFWRQTXHVHDGDSWyDODSUHVHQFLDGH*ROHQNLQLDSHUWHQHFHDORV&ODGyFHURV
0RKtQDVS\WDPELpQDODIDPLOLDGHORVFRSpSRGRV/DFRQFHQWUDFLyQ]RRSODQFWyQLFD
HQORVWDQTXHV=IXHLQHVWDEOH\QRLQWHUYLQRUHDOPHQWHHQODUHJXODFLyQGHOÀWRSODQFWRQ
(VWDUHJXODFLyQIXHUHDOL]DGDSRUSHFHVGHWULWtYRURVTXHFRPLHURQODWRWDOLGDGGHODV
algas que sedimentaron, estos peces han crecido y se han reproducido en los tanques
GHGHSXUDFLyQ7DPELpQORVJXSSLVVHKDQUHSURGXFLGRIiFLOPHQWH/RVUHVXOWDGRVGHOD
FUtDVHSXHGHQOHHUHQOD7DEOD
7DEOD5HVXOWDGRVGHOSURFHVRGHFUtDSDUDORVWUHVHQVD\RVUHDOL]DGRV
¢3RUTXpRFXUULyHOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRFDVLH[FOXVLYRGHODVDOJDV*ROHQNLQLDV"(VDVDOJDVFRQHVSLQDVQRVRQFRQVXPLGDVSRUORVURWtIHURV7ULFKRFHUFDVS\WDPELpQSRU
]RRSODQFWRQ PiV SHTXHxR /RV FRSpSRGRV \ ORV FODGyFHURV FRPHQ ODV *ROHQNLQLDV
pero parece ser que esas algas no permiten el establecimiento permanente de este
]RRSODQFWRQ(OQLYHOGHFRQFHQWUDFLyQHQ*ROHQNLQLDVHPDQWXYRFRQVWDQWHVLQODLQWHUYHQFLyQGHO]RRSODQFWRQ
3DUHFHPiVGLItFLOHVWDEOHFHUChlorellaHQDJXDGXOFHTXHHQDJXDVDOREUH3RUORTXHD
IXWXURVHYDDLQWHQWDUPDQWHQHUHVWHWLSRGHDOJDVFRPRVHWUDEDMyHQ6HQHJDOTXH
VRQPiVSHTXHxDV\GHPHMRUGHVHPSHxR\QRWLHQHQHVSLQDV&RQHOPDQHMRGHHVWD
DOJDHOREMHWLYRHVFRQWDUFRQURWtIHURVTXHHVHO]RRSODQFWRQTXHVHGHVDUUROODPX\
UiSLGDPHQWH\TXHOXHJRVHUiFRPLGRSRUODVODUYDV\DOHYLQRVGH3SXQFWLIHU
¢3RUTXHKHPRVWHQLGRUHVXOWDGRVPX\GLIHUHQWHVHQORVWUHVHQVD\RV"(OHVSDFLRHQOD
MDXOD\WDPELpQODSUHVHQFLDGHORVFRQJpQHUHVKDSRGLGRVHUGHWHUPLQDQWH/DWDVDGH
FRQYHUVLyQPX\EXHQDGHOHQVD\RSXHGHH[SOLFDUVHSRUHOKHFKRTXHODVGRQFHOODVHQ
ODMDXODWHQtDQODSRVLELOLGDGGHFRPHUORVJXSSLVTXHHQWUDEDQHQODPLVPD
CONCLUSIÓN
(OUHFLFODMHGHODJXD\GHODPDWHULDRUJiQLFDIXHWRWDOGXUDQWHORVHQVD\RVGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHXQPHV/DEXHQDDGDSWDFLyQDOVLVWHPDGHP. punctifer y de los Loricariidae
TXHGDGHPRVWUDGD3HURKD\TXHYDOLGDUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOVLVWHPD\VXHVWDELOLGDG
VREUHXQDWHPSRUDGDEDVWDQWHODUJDDQWHVGHKDFHUXQDWUDQVIHUHQFLDKDFLDHOVHFWRU
SULYDGR
6HUiSRVLEOHWHQHUXQPHMRUDPLHQWRGHODUHQWDELOLGDGGHOVLVWHPDGHFLUFXLWRFHUUDGR
en agua verde con el ecosistema actual, para el preengorde y el engorde de la donceOODXWLOL]DQGRDOPtQLPRODVERPEDVGHFLUFXODFLyQGHODJXD\VRODPHQWHGXUDQWHORV
SHUtRGRVLQGLVSHQVDEOHV
REFERENCIAS
%UXQH'(5HHG66FKZDUW]*DQG&ROOLHU-+LJKUDWHDOJDOV\VWHPVIRUDTXDFXOWXUH$(6,VVXHV)RUXP
Chopin T. 2006. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture. What it is, and why you should
FDUH«DQGGRQ·WFRQIXVHLWZLWKSRO\FXOWXUH1RUWKHUQ$TXDFXOWXUH9RO1R-XO\
August 2006, pg. 4.
'UDSFKR&0DQG%UXQH'(7KH3DUWLWLRQHG$TXDFXOWXUH6\VWHP,PSDFWRIGHVLJQ DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO SDUDPHWHUV RQ DOJDO SURGXFWLYLW\ DQG SKRWRV\QWKHWLF R[\JHQ
production. Aquacultural Engineering 21, 151–168.
'UHQQHU 5: +DPEULJKW .' 9LQ\DUG */ *RSKHQ 0 DQG 3ROOLQJKHU 8 ([SHULPHQWDOVWXG\RIVL]HVHOHFWLYHSK\WRSODQNWRQJUD]LQJE\DÀOWHUIHHGLQJFLFKOLGDQGWKH
FLFKOLG·V HIIHFWV RQ SODQNWRQ FRPPXQLW\ VWUXFWXUH /LPQRORJ\ DQG 2FHDQRJUDSK\ 1138-1144.
Elser JJ, Marzolf E and Goldman CR 1990. The roles of phosphorus and nitrogen in
OLPLWLQJ SK\WRSODQNWRQ JURZWK LQ IUHVKZDWHUV D UHYLHZ RI H[SHULPHQWDO HQULFKPHQWV
&DQDGLDQ-RXUQDORI)LVKHULHVDQG$TXDWLF6FLHQFHV
*LOOHV6/DFURL[*&RUELQ'%k1,EDxH]/XQD&1DQGMXL-2XDWWDUD$2XpGUDRJR
O and Lazzaro X 2008. Mutualism between euryhaline tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii and Chlorella sp. – implications for nano-algal production in warm water
phytoplankton-based recirculating systems. Aquacultural Engineering 39, 113-121.
/D]]DUR;$UHYLHZRISODQNWLYRURXVÀVKHVWKHLUHYROXWLRQIHHGLQJEHKDYLRXUV
selectivities, and impacts. Hydrobiologia 146, 97-167.
0LUHV'$PLW<$YQLPHOHFK<DQG'LDE6&RFKDED0:DWHUTXDOLW\LQDUHF\FOHG
LQWHQVLYHÀVKFXOWXUHV\VWHPXQGHUÀHOGFRQGLWLRQV%DPLGJHK
0LUHV ' DQG $PLW < ,QWHQVLYH FXOWXUH RI WLODSLD LQ TXDVLFORVHG ZDWHUF\FOHG
ÁRZWKURXJKSRQGV²WKH'HNHO$TXDFXOWXUHV\VWHP%DPLGJHK
1RUWKFRWH7*)LVKLQWKHVWUXFWXUHDQGIXQFWLRQRIIUHVKZDWHUHFRV\VWHPV$´WRS
GRZQµYLHZ&DQDGLDQ-RXUQDORI)LVKHULHVDQG$TXDWLF6FLHQFHV
5LPRQ$DQG6KLOR0)DFWRUVZKLFKDIIHFWWKHLQWHQVLÀFDWLRQRIÀVKEUHHGLQJLQ
Israel. Bamidgeh 34, 87–100
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
CRECIMIENTO Y SUPERVIVENCIA EN EL CULTIVO DE “DONCELLA
“Pseudoplatystoma punctifer ex. fasciatum EN SISTEMA CERRADO
&KULVWLDQ)HUQiQGH]1,2'LDQD&DVWUR 3,4 ; Sylvain Gilles 3,45pPL'XJXp3,4)UDQoRLV
.HUYDUHF5 )DEULFH'XSRQFKHOOH3,5-HDQ)UDQoRLV5HQQR3,5-HV~V1~xH]3,5
3URJUDPDGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ3DUDHO8VRGHO$JXD\VXV5HFXUVRV$48$5(&,QVtituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Carretera Iquitos Nauta km
4.5, Iquitos, Perú.
/DERUDWRULRGH$FXDULVWLFD)DFXOWDGGH2FHDQRJUDItD3HVTXHUtD&LHQFLDV$OLPHQWDULDV\$FXLFXOWXUD)23&$8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO)HGHULFR9LOODUUHDO81)90LUDÁRres, Lima, Perú.
/DERUDWRULR0L[WR,QWHUQDFLRQDO²(YROXFLyQ\'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHOD,FWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD/0,(',$
/DERUDWRULR GH %LRORJtD \ *HQpWLFD 0ROHFXODU /%*0 ,QVWLWXWR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV
GHOD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD,,$3&DUUHWHUD,TXLWRV1DXWDNP,TXLWRV3HU~(PDLO
GQDFDVWUR#\DKRRFRP
,QVWLWXWGH5HFKHUFKHSRXUOH'pYHORSSHPHQW,5'805,6(0,QVWLWXWGHV6FLHQFHVGHO·(YROXWLRQGH0RQWSHOOLHU8QLYHUVLWp0RQWSHOOLHU)UDQFH
INTRODUCCIÓN
8QDGHODVHVSHFLHVPiVFRQRFLGDVGHEDJUHVJLJDQWHVHVOD´GRQFHOODµ3VHXGRSODW\VWRPDSXQFWLIHUVHHQFXHQWUDDPSOLDPHQWHGLVWULEXLGDHQOD&XHQFD$PD]yQLFD*RXOGLQJ HW DO (V XQ EDJUH GH KiELWRV SLVFtYRURV %DUEDULQR :LQHPLOOHU de carne muy apreciada en los mercados locales de la Amazonia peruana debido a la
DXVHQFLDGHHVSLQDVLQWUDPXVFXODUHV\DOWDPDxRTXHDOFDQ]D'HELGRDVXPRUIRORJtD
WDPELpQHVFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRXQSH]RUQDPHQWDOSRUORVFRORUHVGXUDQWHVXHWDSDMXYHQLO7RGRHVWRKDOOHYDGRDOLQFUHPHQWRGHVXGHPDQGDORFXDOKDLQGXFLGRHODXPHQWR
GHVXH[WUDFFLyQ5RGUtJXH]/D´GRQFHOODµHVFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRXQDHVSHFLH
SURPHWHGRUD SDUD OD SURGXFFLyQ SLVFtFROD SHUR HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG FRQ DOWDV WDVDV GH
PRUWDOLGDGHQODHWDSDODUYDO\GLÀFXOWDGHVHQODREWHQFLyQGHDOHYLQHV.RVVRZVNL
0DGULG.RVVRZVNL3DGLOODHWDO/RVSULPHURVHQVD\RVGHOHYDQWH
GH ODUYDV GHPRVWUDURQ OD H[LVWHQFLD GHO FDQLEDOLVPR HQ HVWD HVSHFLH .RVVRZVNL 0DGULGHVWHFRPSRUWDPLHQWRHVGHVFULWRFRPRHOSULQFLSDOIDFWRUGHPRUWDOLGDG
FXDQGRDSDUHFHGHQWURGHXQDSURGXFFLyQGHDOHYLQHV4LQ)DVW6HKDQUHDOL]DGRHVWXGLRVVREUHODVHWDSDVODUYDOHVTXHEULQGDQDSRUWHVVLJQLÀFDWLYRVFRQHOÀQ
GHRSWLPL]DUODODUYLFXOWXUD1XxH]HWDO'tD]2ODUWHHWDO6LQHPEDUJR
ODSURGXFFLyQVXÀFLHQWH\RSRUWXQDGHDOHYLQHV´HQWUHQDGRVµDOFRQVXPRGHDOLPHQWRV
VHFRV FRQVWLWX\H XQR GH ORV SULQFLSDOHV IDFWRUHV OLPLWDQWHV SDUD HO GHVDUUROOR GH OD
SURGXFFLyQGHORVJUDQGHVEDJUHV3LPHORGLGDHHQ$PpULFD/DWLQD.RVVRZVNL
1XxH]([LVWHQODVPLVPDVGLÀFXOWDGHVHQXQDHVSHFLHFHUFDQDGHODFXHQFD
GHOULR6DQ)UDQFLVFR3VHXGRSODW\VWRPDFRUUXVFDQVSHURVHKDUHDOL]DGRXQDYDQFH
QRWDEOHHQHOHVWXGLR\HQHOFXOWLYRGHHVWDHVSHFLH0DUWLQRHWDO6HJXUDHWDO
VREUHWRGRWUDEDMDQGRHQHO´HQWUHQDPLHQWRµDFRQVXPLUDOLPHQWRVHFRSDUDOD
REWHQFLyQGHDOHYLQHVDGDSWDGRVDGLHWDVDUWLÀFLDOHV0DFKDGR0DUWLQR
*XHUUHUR (Q WDO VHQWLGR ORV REMHWLYRV GHO SUHVHQWH HVWXGLR IXHURQ HYDOXDU HO
FUHFLPLHQWR\ODVXSHUYLYHQFLDGHDOHYLQHV\MXYHQLOHVGH´GRQFHOODµPseudoplatystoma
punctiferHQXQVLVWHPDFHUUDGRGHUHFLUFXODFLyQGHDJXDEDMRFRQGLFLRQHVFRQWURODGDV
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
(OSUHVHQWHWUDEDMRVHUHDOL]yHQHO&HQWURGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVGH4XLVWRFRFKD&,4
HQHOPDUFRGHO3URJUDPDGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQSDUDHO8VR\&RQVHUYDFLyQGHO$JXD\VXV
5HFXUVRV$48$5(&GHO,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHVGHOD$PD]RQtD3HUXDQD,,$3
XELFDGRHQODFDUUHWHUD,TXLWRV1DXWDD.PGHODFLXGDGGH,TXLWRV5HJLyQ/RUHWR
/DVHOHFFLyQGHORVUHSURGXFWRUHVIXHUHDOL]DGDGLUHFWDPHQWHHQHOHVWDQTXHODVKHPEUDVTXHSUHVHQWDURQHODEGRPHQPiVSURPLQHQWHRYRFLWRVKRPRJpQHRVGHWDPDxR
SURPHGLRDGHFXDGR\ORVPDFKRVTXHHPLWLHURQHVSHUPDSRUSUHVLyQDEGRPLQDOIXHURQ
VHOHFFLRQDGRVSDUDVHUVRPHWLGRVDOSURFHVRGHLQGXFFLyQ/DLQGXFFLyQVHUHDOL]yPHGLDQWHODLQ\HFFLyQLQWUDPXVFXODUGHXQDKRUPRQDVLQWpWLFD&RQFHSWDOŠ/DDOLPHQWDFLyQLQLFLDOGHODVODUYDVGH´GRQFHOODµ3SXQFWLIHUIXHDEDVHGHQDXSOLRVGH$UWHPLDVS
UHFLpQHFORVLRQDGRVDORVGtDVSRVWIHUWLOL]DFLyQGSIFRQXQDIUHFXHQFLDGHYHFHV
DOGtDFDGDKRUDV\KRUDV6HXVyFRPRXQLGDGH[SHULPHQWDO
HOFLUFXLWRFRQUHFLUFXODFLyQGHDJXDFRQVWLWXLGRSRUXQLGDGHVGHWDQTXHVGHÀEUDGH
YLGULRGHOLWURV'XUDQWHWRGRHOH[SHULPHQWRORVWDQTXHVIXHURQFXELHUWRVFRQPDQWDVQHJUDVSDUDEXVFDUHOPHMRUGHVDUUROORVLQLQWHUDFFLRQHVGHOHQWRUQR6HUHDOL]yHO
proceso de adaptación al alimento balanceado pasando gradualmente de los nauplios
GHDUWHPLDDXQDOLPHQWREDODQFHDGRK~PHGRDJORPHUDGRFRQFRODSH]\SRVWHULRUPHQWHDXQDOLPHQWREDODQFHDGRVHFRFRPHUFLDO3%FRQXQDWDVDGHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHO
$ORVPHVHVGHHFORVLyQORVSHFHVIXHURQWUDVODGDGRVDXQVLVWHPDFHUUDGRGH
recirculación de agua constituido por 3 tanques rectangulares de concreto revestidos
GHPD\yOLFDGHOLWURVEDMRFRQGLFLRQHVFRQWURODGDVFRQÀOWUDFLyQPHFiQLFD\ELROyJLFDDXQDGHQVLGDGLQLFLDOGHLQGLYLGXRVSRUP\FRQXQDIUHFXHQFLDGHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHYHFHVDOGtD\XQFDXGDOGHUHFLUFXODFLyQGH/KRUD'XUDQWHHOH[SHULPHQWRVHKDQUHDOL]DGRUHFDPELRVSDUFLDOHVGHDJXDVHPDQDOHVSRUODOLPSLH]D
GHOÀOWURPHFiQLFRDVtFRPRHOVHJXLPLHQWRGHORVSDUiPHWURVÀVLFRTXtPLFRVGHODJXD
RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN
/DWHPSHUDWXUDVHPDQWXYRHQ“ž&/RVQLYHOHVGHQLWUyJHQRDPRQLDFDOWRWDO
1$7 \ QLWULWRV 12 VH PXHVWUDQ HQ OD )LJXUD 'XUDQWH ORV GRV SULPHURV PHVHV
HQHOFLUFXLWRFRQUHFLUFXODFLyQGHDJXDGHWDQTXHVQRKDEtDSUHVHQFLDGHHVWRV$
SDUWLUGHOVHJXQGRPHVORVQLYHOHVVHPDQWLHQHQRVFLODQWHVOOHJDQGRDXQPi[LPRGH
PJ/GH1$7HQHOTXLQWRPHV\ORV12PHQRUHVDPJ/(VWRVQLYHOHV
QROOHJDURQDVHUWy[LFRVSDUDORVSHFHV(VWRVVRQUHGXFLGRVSRUHOÀOWURELROyJLFR\
ORVFDPELRVSDUFLDOHVGHDJXD/DYDULDFLyQGHORVQLYHOHVGH1$7\12VHGHEHD
ORVPDQWHQLPLHQWRV\HOPHMRUDPLHQWRGHOÀOWURELROyJLFRDVtFRPRDORVFDPELRVGH
WDPDxR\FDOLGDGGHODOLPHQWRGXUDQWHHOH[SHULPHQWR
188
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
Figura 1.1LYHOHVGH1LWUyJHQR$PRQLDFDO7RWDO1$7\1LWULWRV12HQPJ/'XUDQWHORVPHVHVGHH[SHULPHQWR
(O FUHFLPLHQWR HQ SHVR J GXUDQWH ORV PHVHV VH PXHVWUD HQ OD )LJXUD (O SHVR
SURPHGLRDOFDQ]y“J\ODORQJLWXGWRWDO“PPFRQYDORUHVPi[LPRVGH
J\PP'XUDQWHHOSURFHVRGHDGDSWDFLyQ\KDVWDHOÀQDOGHOH[SHULPHQWR
PHVHVGHVGHODHFORVLyQODVXSHUYLYHQFLDVHPDQWXYRDO/DFRUUHODFLyQFRQOD
FXUYDSROLQyPLFDHVGH5 (Q3FRUUXVFDQVHOFXOWLYRDQLYHOLQWHQVLYRHQMDXODVOOHJDQDREWHQHULQGLYLGXRVHQWUH
\JIUHQWHDOQLYHOVHPLLQWHQVLYRHQHVWDQTXHVGRQGHORJUDQOOHJDUD.J
DPERVHQPiVGHPHVHVGHFXOWLYREDMRFRQGLFLRQHVVLPLODUHV6FRUYR)LOKRHWDO
%DMRHVWHPRGHORGHFUHFLPLHQWRSROLQRPLFR\PDQWHQLHQGRORVSHFHVEDMRVODV
PLVPDVFRQGLFLRQHVVHSRGUtDDOOHJDUDWHQHULQGLYLGXRVGH.JDORVPHVHVHQP.
punctifer.
Figura 2.0RGHORGHFUHFLPLHQWROtQHDSXQWHDGDHQSHVRJGHP. puntifer en sistema
FHUUDGRGHUHFLUFXODFLyQGHDJXD/DFXUYDQHJUDSUHVHQWDHOSURPHGLRGHSHVRGHORV
SHFHVGHWHUPLQDGRFDGDGtDVPDUFDGRUHVFLUFXODUHV
CONCLUSIONES
6HKDGHPRVWUDGRODSRVLELOLGDGGHFXOWLYDUDOHYLQHV\MXYHQLOHVGHGRQFHOODDGDSWDGRV
DGLHWDVEDODQFHDGDVHQFLUFXLWRVFRQUHFLUFXODFLyQGHDJXDFRQWURODQGRGHPHMRUPDQHUDHOHVWDGR\FRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHORVSHFHV\ORJUDQGRHFRQRPL]DUHOUHFXUVRDJXD
3RURWURODGRHVQHFHVDULRGHÀQLUXQVLVWHPDGHSURGXFFLyQDJUDQHVFDODTXHSHUPLWD
XQPHMRUPDQHMR\FRQWUROGHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSHFHVDVtFRPRGHWHUPLQDUODVYDULDEOHV
económicas de la producción de alevines y de engorde en altas densidades en estas
FRQGLFLRQHV
REFERENCIAS
%DUEDULQR$:LQHPLOOHU.2'LHWDU\VHJUHJDWLRQDPRQJODUJHFDWÀVKHVRIWKH
$SXUHDQG$UDXFD5LYHUV9HQH]XHOD-RXUQDORI)LVK%LRORJ\
'tD]2ODUWH-&UX]10DUFLDOHV/0HGLQD9&UX]3(IHFWRVGHODGHQsidad de siembra y disponibilidad de alimento sobre el desarrollo y sobrevivencia de
ODUYDVGH3VHXGRSODW\VWRPDIDVFLDWXP2ULQRTXLD
Guerrero, C. E. 2003. Treinamento alimentar de pintado Pseudoplatystoma coruscans
(Agassiz. obre i cia crescime to e aspectos eco micos. Tesis de Maestría, Centro de
Aquicultura Jaboticabal Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brasil. Unillanos,
Villavicencio, Meta. pp 65-67.
*RXOGLQJ06PLWK1-+0DKDU'-)ORRGVRIIRUWXQH(FRORJ\DQG(FRnomy along the Amazon. Columbia University Press, Nueva York. Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá.
.RVVZVNL&0DGULG)(QVD\RGHODUHSURGXFFLyQLQGXFLGDHQHOEDJUHUD\DGR
FDEH]yQ3VHXGRSODW\VWRPDIDVFLDWXP/LQQDHXV3LVFHV6LOXULIRUPHV(Q$FWD
&LHQWtÀFD9HQH]RODQD
.RVVRZVNL&0DGULG)2EVHUYDFLRQHVGHORV(VWDGLRV(PEULRQDULR\/DUYDO
del bagre rayado cabezón Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus 1766) (Pisces, SiluULIRUPHV%LROODQLD
.RVVRZVNL&([SHULHQFLDVLQLFLDOHVVREUHODKLEULGL]DFLRQGH/HLDULXVPDUPRUDtus (Gill) 1871 por Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus 1766) (Pisces, Siluriformes)
$FWD&LHQWtÀFD9HQH]RODQD
0DFKDGR -+ 'HO&DUURWH &5 *DURVVLQR $35 0D]HWR 0' *UHFKL )&6
7UHLQDPHQWRDOLPHQWDUSDUDDFHLWDoDRGHUDoRHVDUWLÀFLDLVHPDOHYLQRVGHSLQWDGR3VHXGRSODW\VWRPDFRUXVFDQV$QDLVGR$TLFXOWXUD%UDVLO·5HFLIH3HUQDPEXFR
Brasil.
Martino, R.C., Cyrino, J.E., Portz, L., Trugo, L.C. 2002. Effect of dietary lipid level on
nutritional performance of the surubim, Pseudoplatystoma coruscans. Aquaculture
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
1XxH]-'XJXp5&RUFX\1'XSRQFKHOOH)5HQQR-)5D\QDXG7+XEHUW1
/HJHQGUH0,QGXFHGEUHHGLQJDQGODUYDOUHDULQJRI6XUXEt3VHXGRSODW\VWRPDIDVFLDWXP/LQQDHXVIURPWKH%ROLYLDQ$PD]RQ$TXDFXOWXUH5HVHDUFK
764-776.
1XxH]-'RPHVWLFDFLyQGHQRXYHOOHVHVSqFHVG·LQWpUrWSLVFLFROHHQ$PD]RQLH
&DK$JULFYROPDUVMXLQ
3DGLOOD3$OFiQWDUD),VPLxR55HSURGXFFLyQLQGXFLGDGHODGRQFHOOD3VHXGRSODW\VWRPDIDVFLDWXP\GHVDUUROORHPEULRQDULR²ODUYDO)ROLD$PD]yQLFD
154
4LQ-)DVW$:6L]HDQGIHHGGHSHQGHQWFDQQLEDOLVPZLWKMXYHQLOHVQDNHKHDG
&KDQQDVWULDWXV$TXDFXOWXUH
5RGUtJXH]&$%DJUHVPDOOHURV\FXHUGHURVHQHOEDMRUtRFDTXHWi$PD]RQtD
FRORPELDQD&RPHUFLDOÀVKHULHVLQWKHORZHUFDTXHWiULYHU(VWXGLRVGHOD$PD]RQtD
colombiana. Vol. 2 programa Tropenbos Colombia. 280 pp.
6FRUYR)LOKR-5RPDJRVD($\UR]D/)UDVFi6FRUYR&'HVHPSHQKRSURGXWLYRGRSLQWDGR3VHXGRSODW\VWRPDFRUUXVFDQV6SL[$JDVVL]VXEPHWLGRVD
GLIHUHQWHVGHQVLGDGHVGHHVWRFDJHPHPGRLVVLVWHPDVGHFULDomRLQWHQVLYRHVHPLLQWHQVLYR5HYLVWD&LHQWtÀFDGH3HVFD$TLFXOWXUDH/LPQRORJLD
6HJXUD / +D\DVKL & 'H 6RX]D 6 6RDUHV & &DQLEDOLVPR HQWUH ODUYDV GH
pintado, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, cultivadas sob diferentes densidades de estocagem. Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences 26(3) 299-302
CULTIVO COMERCIAL DE ARAWANA (Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)
EN EL PIEDEMONTE AMAZONICO
Eric Giovanny Argumedo Trilleras1
$FXLFXOWRU3URIHVLRQDO$&8,&$1(23(=HJDW#KRWPDLOFRP)ORUHQFLD&RORPELD
INTRODUCCION
/DDFXLFXOWXUDDPD]yQLFDUHTXLHUHGHSURFHVRVGHGLYHUVLÀFDFLyQTXHSHUPLWDQPHMRUDUORVtQGLFHVGHFRPSHWLWLYLGDG\UHQWDELOLGDGLQYROXFUDQGRHVSHFLHVQDWLYDVGHDOWR
valor comercial en el mercado nacional e internacional de peces ornamentales y de
FRQVXPR'HQWURGHHVWDFDWHJRUtDODDUDZDQDSODWHDGDOsteoglossum bicirrhosum)
FRQVWLWX\HXQLPSRUWDQWHUHFXUVRtFWLFRH[SRUWDGRFRPRSH]RUQDPHQWDOVLQHPEDUJR
HODSURYHFKDPLHQWRDFWXDOVHEDVDHQSURFHVRVH[WUDFWLYRVLUUDFLRQDOHVTXHKDQGHteriorado seriamente las poblaciones naturales, hasta el punto de considerarse como
HVSHFLHYXOQHUDEOH
Como alternativa de aprovechamiento sostenible de la arawana plateada, se han deVDUUROODGR PHWRGRORJtDV YLDEOHV GH FUtD FRPHUFLDO HQ FDXWLYHULR ODV FXDOHV KDQ VLGR
OLGHUDGDVHQ&RORPELDSRUOD$VRFLDFLyQGH$FXLFXOWRUHVGHO&DTXHWi$&8,&$(VWDV
PHWRGRORJtDV GH SURGXFFLyQ FRPHUFLDO GH ODUYDV GH DUDZDQD HQ FDXWLYHULR HVWiQ HQ
SURFHVRGHLPSOHPHQWDFLyQ\DMXVWHHQQXPHURVDVJUDQMDVDFXtFRODVGHOGHSDUWDPHQWR
GHO&DTXHWiFRQORFXDOVHHVSHUDLQFRUSRUDUHVWDHVSHFLHDODDFXLFXOWXUDRUQDPHQWDO
GHSDtVEXVFDQGRFRQHOORODJHQHUDFLyQGHHPSOHRUXUDO\GLYLVDVSDUDUHJLRQHVPDUJLQDOHVFRQDOWRVtQGLFHVGHQHFHVLGDGHVEiVLFDVLQVDWLVIHFKDV
(OSUHVHQWHDUWtFXORSUHWHQGHGHVFULELUODPHWRGRORJtDGHVDUUROODGDSRU$&8,&$\ORV
UHWRVTXHD~QH[LVWHQSDUDFRQVROLGDUODSURGXFFLyQFRPHUFLDOGHODUYDVGHDUDZDQD
FRPRXQDDOWHUQDWLYDVRFLRHFRQyPLFDSDUDHOSLHGHPRQWHDPD]yQLFR
ANTECEDENTES
Los cuerpos de agua de la Amazonia colombiana constituyen una de las regiones con
PD\RUGLYHUVLGDGtFWLFDDQLYHOPXQGLDOVLQHPEDUJRGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHGRVPLOHVSHFLHVLGHQWLÀFDGDVODSUHVLyQSHVTXHUDVHFHQWUDHQXQOLPLWDGRJUXSRGHSHFHVGH
alta demanda en los mercados regionales, nacionales e internacionales de peces de
FRQVXPR\RUQDPHQWDOHV
352(;3257WLHQHLGHQWLÀFDGDVFHUFDGHHVSHFLHVtFWLFDVTXHVHH[SRUWDQGHVGH
&RORPELDFRPRSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVGHpVWDVVRQFDSWXUDGDVHQOD2ULQRTXLD\
SRFRPHQRVGHSURYLHQHQGHOD$PD]RQLD/DSHVFDDUWHVDQDOGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVFRQVWLWX\HXQDDFWLYLGDGH[WUDFWLYDGHODFXDOGHSHQGHXQJUDQQ~PHURGHSHVFDGRUHVGHOD$PD]RQLD\OD2ULQRTXLDFRORPELDQD
(QPiVGHWUHVGpFDGDVODSHVFDDUWHVDQDOFRPHUFLDOGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVVHKD
consolidado en una alternativa de empleo rural y en uno de los renglones del sector
SHVTXHURFRQWLQHQWDOPiVGLQiPLFRVGHELGRDODJUDQGHPDQGDLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHSHFHV
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
WURSLFDOHVTXHDQXDOPHQWHPXHYHPiVGHPLOORQHVGHGyODUHVDQLYHOPXQGLDO
2$7$:RUOG:LGH1HZVOHWWHU1ž-XOLRVLQHPEDUJRORVVLVWHPDVH[WUDFWLYRV
SDUDHODSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHHVWRVUHFXUVRVQRVRQVRVWHQLEOHVDPHGLDQR\ODUJRSOD]R
'RFXPHQWRVFLHQWtÀFRVFRPRHOOLEURURMRGHODVHVSHFLHVtFWLFDVFRORPELDQDV\RWUDV
SXEOLFDFLRQHVWpFQLFDVHPSLH]DQDHYDOXDUHOLPSDFWRQHJDWLYRGHODVREUHH[SORWDFLyQ
GHODVSREODFLRQHVQDWXUDOHVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHV\GHFRQVXPRHQHOSDtVREYLDPHQWHORVUHVXOWDGRVVRQDODUPDQWHV\H[LJHQFDPELRVHQORVVLVWHPDVGHH[SORWDFLyQ
Dentro del grupo de peces con mayor amenaza se encuentran los tres representanWHV VXUDPHULFDQRV GH OD IDPLOLD 2VWHRJORVVLGDH (O 3LUDUXF~ Arapaima gigas), y las
DUDZDQDV3ODWHDGDOsteoglossum bicirrhosum) y azul (O. ferreirae(VWDVGRV~OWLPDV
HVSHFLHVVHVLJXHQH[SRUWDQGRD~QFXDQGRORVHVWXGLRVODVXELFDQHQODFDWHJRUtDGH
(Q3HOLJURO. ferreirae\9XOQHUDEOHO. bicirrhosum
&RPRUHVSXHVWDDHVWDSUREOHPiWLFDDPELHQWDO\VRFLRHFRQyPLFD$&8,&$\VXVVRFLRVLQLFLDURQDFWLYLGDGHVWHQGLHQWHVDOGLVHxRGHPHWRGRORJtDVGHSURGXFFLyQFRPHUcial de larvas de arawana, la cual ha pasado por las siguientes etapas cronológicas:
‡OOHJDGDSULPHUDVODUYDVGHDUDZDQDDO&DTXHWi
‡SULPHUDVUHSURGXFFLRQHVUHSRUWDGDVHQHVWDQTXHV
‡SUR\HFWR$UDZDQD)DVH,
‡SUR\HFWRSLORWRGHYDOLGDFLyQ&RUSRDPD]RQLD,1&2'(5
‡3UR\HFWRDUDZDQD)DVH,,)RPHQWRSLORWR
‡LQLFLRSURGXFFLyQFRPHUFLDOHQÀQFDVGHVRFLRVG$&8,&$
6HDYDQ]yHQORVVLJXLHQWHVDVSHFWRV
$FWXDOPHQWHPHQRVGHOGHODVH[SRUWDFLRQHVPXQGLDOHVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHV
FRUUHVSRQGHQDSHFHVFDSWXUDGRVHQHOPHGLRVLOYHVWUHORFXDOLQGLFDTXHODVSRWHQcias mundiales han tenido que orientar sus cadenas de piscicultura ornamental hacia
PRGHORVVXVWHQWDEOHVEDVDGRVHQHOGHVDUUROORFRQVWDQWHGHWHFQRORJtDVGHUHSURGXFFLyQ\PHMRUDPLHQWRGHODVSULQFLSDOHVHVSHFLHVTXHKDFHQSDUWHGHODVH[SRUWDFLRQHV
JOREDOHVODSURSXHVWDGH$&8,&$VHDMXVWDDHVWDVWHQGHQFLDVJOREDOHV\SUHWHQGHD
ODUJRSOD]RJDUDQWL]DUODFRQWLQXLGDGGHODH[SRUWDFLyQGHHVWDHVSHFLHEDMRSDUiPHWURV
VRVWHQLEOHV
PRODUCCION COMERCIAL DE LARVAS DE ARAWANA
/HYDQWH GH UHSURGXFWRUHV Consiste en el proceso de crecimiento y adaptación a
GLHWDVVHFDVGHVGHODHWDSDGHODUYDKDVWDREWHQHUHMHPSODUHVVH[XDOPHQWHPDGXURV
/DVHWDSDVLQLFLDOHVGHOOHYDQWHGHSLHGHFUtDVHGHVDUUROODQHQDFXDULRVGRWDGRVGH
VLVWHPDVGHÀOWUDFLyQ\FDOHIDFFLyQ(OREMHWLYRGHHVWHSURFHGLPLHQWRHVODDGDSWDFLyQ
GHODVODUYDVGHDUDZDQDDGLHWDVVHFDVOOHYiQGRORVKDVWDTXHDOFDQ]DQDFP
SDUDOXHJRVHUWUDVODGDGRVDHVWDQTXHVHQWLHUUD
3DUDHOSURFHVRGHOHYDQWHGHORVMXYHQLOHVORVHVWDQTXHVHQWLHUUDVRQSURWHJLGRVFRQ
PDOODV DQWLSiMDUR D SDUWLU GHHVWH PRPHQWR HO SURFHVR GH FRQIRUPDFLyQ GH ORWHV GH
reproductores de arawana plateada puede tardar entre 24 y 30 meses de acuerdo a las
FRQGLFLRQHVGHPDQHMRWpFQLFR
(QHOSURFHVRGHOHYDQWHGHSLHGHFUtDORVQLYHOHVGHPRUWDOLGDGSDUD2ELFLUUKRVXP
VRQ EDMRV GHELGR D VX IiFLO DGDSWDFLyQ D GLHWDV VHFDV \ D VX FDUiFWHU VRFLDEOH VLQ
embargo si los peces se trasladan a estanques en tierra en tallas menores a 20cm, se
SXHGHQYHUDIHFWDGRVSRUORVEDMRVQLYHOHVGHWHPSHUDWXUD
$GHFXDFLyQ HVWDQTXHV 3DUD ORJUDU OD SURGXFFLyQ FRPHUFLDO GH ODUYDV GH DUDZDQD
HVQHFHVDULRDGHFXDURFRQVWUXLUHVWDQTXHVTXHIDFLOLWHQODREVHUYDFLyQGHORVUHSURductores, lo cual constituye la clave para la detección de reproductores en estado de
LQFXEDFLyQRUDO3RUWDOPRWLYRHOiUHDGHOHVWDQTXHRODXQLGDGGHSURGXFFLyQQRGHEH
VHUPD\RUDP
&XDQGRORVHMHPSODUHVDOFDQ]DQHQWUH\FPGHORQJLWXGWRWDOVHUHSDUWHQDOD]DU
HQODVGLIHUHQWHVXQLGDGHVGHSURGXFFLyQHQJUXSRVHQWUH\LQGLYLGXRV
(ODQFKRGHFDGDHVWDQTXHRXQLGDGGHSURGXFFLyQQRGHEHVHUPD\RUDPHWURV
SDUDIDFLOLWDUODREVHUYDFLyQGLDULD\ODFDSWXUDPHQVXDOGHODWRWDOLGDGGHORVUHSURGXFWRUHVSDUDH[WUDHUODVODUYDVHQHVWDGRVGHGHVDUUROORDYDQ]DGR
/RVHVWDQTXHVGHUHSURGXFWRUHVGHDUDZDQDGHEHQWHQHUSURIXQGLGDGPi[LPDGHP
\PtQLPDVGHFPFRQVXHORVÀUPHVTXHIDFLOLWHQHOSURFHVRGHUHSURGXFFLyQ\GH
REWHQFLyQSHULyGLFDGHODVODUYDV
(Q]RQDVFRQDOWDSUHVHQFLDGHiJXLODVSHVFDGRUDVHVQHFHVDULRLQVWDODUVLVWHPDVDQWLSiMDUR\DVHDPHGLDQWHPDOODVSOiVWLFDVRDWUDYpVGHFXHUGDVWHQVDGDVVREUHDODPEUH
GHS~DTXHGHEHQTXHGDULQVWDODGDVDXQDDOWXUDHQWUH\PVREUHHOQLYHOGH
DJXDGHOHVWDQTXHFRQHOÀQGHSHUPLWLUHOGHVDUUROORGHORVSURFHVRVGHSHVFD
0DQHMRGHUHSURGXFWRUHVGHDUDZDQD8QRGHORVDVSHFWRVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVHQHOPDQHMRGHUHSURGXFWRUHVGHDUDZDQDSODWHDGDHVPDQWHQHUHOFRQVXPRGHFRQFHQWUDGR
DOSURWHtQDGHRULJHQDQLPDOFRPRIXHQWHSULQFLSDOGHDOLPHQWR6HVXPLQLVWUD
DOLPHQWRGLDULDPHQWHHQXQDSURSRUFLyQGHOGHODELRPDVDGLYLGLGDHQGRVUDFLR
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
QHV2WUDRSFLyQSDUDPHMRUDUODQXWULFLyQGHHVWRVSHFHVFRQVLVWHHQXWLOL]DUOXFHVQRFturnas a una distancia entre 30 y 40cm por encima del nivel de agua de las unidades de
producción, lo cual atrae insectos nocturnos que proveen de un suplemento alimenticio
H[FHSFLRQDODODVDUDZDQDV
/DVXQLGDGHVGHSURGXFFLyQGHODUYDVGHDUDZDQDVHFRQIRUPDQFRORFDQGRDOD]DUHQWUH\LQGLYLGXRVDGXOWRVHQFDGDHVWDQTXHRGLYLVLyQGHPDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
ORFXDOVLJQLÀFDXQDGHQVLGDGGHPDQHMRHQWUH\PSRUUHSURGXFWRU
8QRGHORVDVSHFWRVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDORJUDUODSURGXFFLyQFRPHUFLDOGHDUDZDQDV
FRQVLVWHHQODLGHQWLÀFDFLyQWHPSUDQDGHORVPDFKRVLQFXEDQWHV(VWRVLQGLYLGXRVVH
DtVODQGHOJUXSR\PDQWLHQHQQDGDQGRHQODVXSHUÀFLHFRQODERFDHQWUHDELHUWDH[KLELHQGRXQDQRWRULDH[SDQVLyQGHORVSOLHJXHVEXFDOHV
/DV DUDZDQDV UHVXOWDQ PX\ VRFLDEOHV HQWUH Vt VLQ HPEDUJR FXDQGR VH DFHUFD \ HQ
la temporada de reproducción, el comportamiento cambia notoriamente y se aprecia
ODFRQIRUPDFLyQGHSDUHMDVTXHVHDtVODQGHOJUXSRPDQWHQLpQGRVHHQXQVHFWRUGHO
HVWDQTXHHQHOFXDOVHOHVREVHUYDQDGDQGRHQFtUFXORV'XUDQWHHOFRUWHMRODVSDUHMDV
VHYXHOYHQWHUULWRULDOLWDV\SURWHJHQiYLGDPHQWHHOVHFWRUGHOHVWDQTXHHVFRJLGRSDUD
HOGHVRYHFRQIUHFXHQFLDVHREVHUYDFRPRH[SXOVDQDRWURVLQGLYLGXRVTXHLQYDGHQ
VXWHUULWRULR
8QD YH] LGHQWLÀFDGRV ORV PDFKRV LQFXEDQWHV VH GHMDQ WUDQVFXUULU GtDV SDUD SURFHGHUDODFDSWXUDGHOHMHPSODUFRQHOÀQGHH[WUDHU\GHWHUPLQDUHOQ~PHURGHODUYDV
LQFXEDGDV/DH[WUDFFLyQGHODVODUYDVGHEHUHDOL]DUVHHQKRUDVGHODPDxDQDFXDQGR
ODWHPSHUDWXUDGHODJXDHVWpHQVXVQLYHOHVPtQLPRVFRQHOREMHWLYRGHPLQLPL]DUHO
HVWUpVHQORVUHSURGXFWRUHV\HYLWDUTXHORVPDFKRVLQFXEDQWHVH[SXOVHQHPEULRQHV
LQPDGXURV
3DUDLGHQWLÀFDUORVPDFKRVLQFXEDQWHVVHSURFHVHDSDOSDUODSDSDGDGHWRGRVORVUHSURGXFWRUHVFDSWXUDGRVSDUDHQFRQWUDUDTXHOORVFRQXQDJUDQGLODWDFLyQ8QDYH]HQFRQWUDGRVHVWRVHMHPSODUHVVHVXMHWDQÀUPHPHQWH\VHDEUHFXLGDGRVDPHQWHODERFD
SDUDREVHUYDUVLVHWUDWDGHODUYDVOLVWDVSDUDH[WUDHUODUYDVQDGDGRUDVRVLVHWUDWDGH
HPEULRQHVRODUYDVLQPDGXUDV/DUYDVQRQDGDGRUDV6LVHWUDWDGHODUYDVGHVDUUROODGDVVHSURFHGHDVXMHWDUÀUPHPHQWHODPDQGtEXODGHOSH]SDUDDEULUODERFD\H[WUDHU
ODVODUYDVTXHVRQUHFRJLGDVHQXQDQDVDGHWHODÀQDRHQXQUHFLSLHQWHSOiVWLFR
8QDYH]H[WUDtGDVODVODUYDVVHSURFHGHDVXFRQWHR\WUDVODGRDDFXDULRVRDHPSDFDUODVSDUDVHUGHVSDFKDGDVDORVFRPHUFLDOL]DGRUHV
La revisión de los lotes de reproductores debe ser mensual para garantizar la cosecha
de la totalidad de la producción de larvas, si estos lapsos de tiempo son superiores a
GtDVVHSXHGHSHUGHUXQDSDUWHVLJQLÀFDWLYDGHODSURGXFFLyQGHELGRDTXH
ORVPDFKRVLQFXEDQWHVOLEHUDQODVFUtDVHQHOHVWDQTXH\HVWDVVRQGHSUHGDGDVSRUORV
GHPiVUHSURGXFWRUHV
7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDTXHODPHWRGRORJtDGHSURGXFFLyQGHDUDZDQDVGHVDUUROODGDSRU
$&8,&$HVWiHQVXVIDVHVLQLFLDOHVGHLPSOHPHQWDFLyQDHVFDODFRPHUFLDOD~QTXHGDQ
PXFKRVDVSHFWRVSRUPHMRUDUGHQWURGHORVFXDOHVKD\TXHSUHVWDUHVSHFLDODWHQFLyQ
a los siguientes:
'HQVLGDGHVGHVLHPEUD3DUDKDFHUPiVUHQWDEOHODSURGXFFLyQGHDUDZDQDVHHVWiQ
UHDOL]DQGRHQVD\RVGHPDQHMRGHUHSURGXFWRUHVDGHQVLGDGHVPD\RUHVDODVFLWDGDV
FRQORFXDOVHHVSHUDPHMRUDUODSURGXFWLYLGDG\HÀFLHQFLDGHODVWpFQLFDVGHSURGXFFLyQGHODUYDVGHHVWDHVSHFLH
1XWULFLyQ Aunque los alimentos comerciales de pescado cuyo contenido proteico proYLHQH HQ DOWR SRUFHQWDMH GH KDULQDV GH SHVFDGR KDQ IXQFLRQDGR ELHQ HQ HO DVSHFWR
reproductivo, se espera aumentar los promedios de producción de larvas mediante
HOVXPLQLVWURRDWUDFFLyQGHLQVHFWRVQRFWXUQRV\RODXWLOL]DFLyQSHULyGLFDGHYtVFHUDV
GHSHVFDGR\SROORVLQHPEDUJRSDUDORJUDUHYDOXDUORVHIHFWRVGHHVWDVIXHQWHVGH
DOLPHQWRDGLFLRQDOHVHVQHFHVDULRUHDOL]DUHQVD\RVH[SHULPHQWDOHVTXHGHWHUPLQHQVL
SXHGHQFRQVWLWXLUXQDDOWHUQDWLYDYLDEOHSDUDPHMRUDUODSURGXFWLYLGDG\UHGXFLUFRVWRV
GHSURGXFFLyQ
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
0HMRUDPLHQWRIHQRWtSLFR partiendo de la necesidad de continuar siendo competitivos
HQORVH[LJHQWHV\FDPELDQWHVPHUFDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVGHSHFHVRUQDPHQWDOHVHV
QHFHVDULRLQLFLDUSURFHVRVGHVHOHFFLyQIHQRWtSLFDGHORVLQGLYLGXRVFRQHOREMHWLYRGH
ubicar caracteres deseables y concentrarlos separadamente en las unidades de proGXFFLyQEXVFDQGRFRQHOORXQDPHMRUD\ÀMDFLyQGHHVWRVHQODVIXWXUDVJHQHUDFLRQHV
Aunque es un largo proceso, a mediano y largo plazo, se pueden obtener variedades
GHJUDQSUHFLRHQHOPHUFDGRLQWHUQDFLRQDOVLQHPEDUJRVLVHWUDWDGHDJLOL]DUHVWHWLSR
de procesos de creación de nuevas variedades, se puede recurrir a la obtención de
individuos con mutaciones (albinismo y otras mutaciones de pigmentación poco comunes) capturados en el medio natural, con lo cual se pueden replicar estas mutaciones
(De alto valor comercial) y agilizar el proceso de creación de otras variedades con caUDFWHUHVGHSLJPHQWDFLyQTXHORJUHQDOWRSUHFLR\GHPDQGDHQVHFWRUHVH[FOXVLYRVGH
DFXDULyÀORVDQLYHOLQWHUQDFLRQDO
PISCICULTURA AMAZÓNICA CON Colossoma macropomum y Piaractus brachypomus: DOS ALTERNATIVAS SENCILLAS PARA CULTIVO
Ricardo González Alarcón1
6HFUHWDUtD GH 0HGLR$PELHQWH \ 'HVDUUROOR 3URGXFWLYR$OFDOGtD GH /HWLFLD JRQ]DOH]BU#KRWPDLOFRP
INTRODUCCIÓN
3DUDTXHODSLVFLFXOWXUDVHGHVDUUROOHGHIRUPDÀUPH\DPSOLDGHEHJHQHUDUELHQHVWDU
a todos los integrantes de la cadena productiva, cumpliendo con los principios de susWHQWDELOLGDGVRFLDODPELHQWDO\HFRQyPLFD(QOD$PD]RQLDFRORPELDQD\HQJHQHUDO
para toda la Cuenca se cuenta con dos especies que cumplen grandemente con esos
SULQFLSLRVDOWHQHUGHVDUUROODGRVORVSDTXHWHVWpFQLFRHFRQyPLFRVEiVLFRVTXHYLDELOLzan su cultivo y contar con otros avances en conocimiento que permiten su cultivo todo
HODxR6HWUDWDGHColossoma macropomum&DFKDPDQHJUD*DPLWDQD7DPEDTXt\
Piaractus brachypomus&DFKDPD3DFR3LUDSLWLQJD
(VWDVGRVHVSHFLHVVRQRULJLQDULDVGHODVFXHQFDVGHORVUtRV2ULQRFR\$PD]RQDV\
se encuentran tanto en aguas negras como en aguas blancas, con temperaturas entre
ƒ&\ƒ&6RQRPQtYRUDVFRQWHQGHQFLDDIUXJtYRUDV\EXHQDVFRQVXPLGRUDVGH
VHPLOODVDOFDQ]DQGRFP\.JP. brachypomus\FP\.JC. macropomum(QODQDWXUDOH]DORVPDFKRVDOFDQ]DQODDGXOWH]HQHOHUDxR\ODVKHPEUDV
HQHOWRDxRVXPDGXUDFLyQ\RYXODFLyQVHVLQFURQL]DFRQODWHPSRUDGDGHOOXYLDV\
HQFRQVHFXHQFLDFRQHOQLYHOFUHFLHQWHGHODVDJXDVHQORVUtRVUHDOL]DQGRPLJUDFLyQ
UHSURGXFWLYDHQHVDpSRFD1RUPDOPHQWHVRORGHVRYDQXQDYH]SRUDxR
/DDPSOLDGLIXVLyQFRPRSHFHVGHFXOWLYRVHEDVDHQORVEDMRVUHTXHULPLHQWRVWpFQLFRV
TXHH[LJHQODIDFLOLGDGGHPDQHMRHOEXHQFUHFLPLHQWRVXUHVLVWHQFLDDHQIHUPHGDGHV
\VXDFHSWDFLyQHQORVPHUFDGRV+D\UHJLVWURGHHVWDVHVSHFLHVHQ%UDVLOWRQ
%ROLYLDWRQ9HQH]XHODWRQ3HU~WRQ(FXDGRU\&RORPELD
WRQIXHUDGHVXVFXHQFDVQDWXUDOHVKD\UHSRUWHVGHFXOWLYRVHQ3DQDPi&RVWD5LFD
+RQGXUDV*XDWHPDOD$IULFD\&KLQDWRQ
REPRODUCCIÓN
En instalaciones dedicadas a la producción de alevinos, las hembras se seleccionan
GHDFXHUGRDORVFDUDFWHUHVH[WHUQRVGHFRORUDFLyQDEGRPHQKLQFKDGR\DQiOLVLVGH
ORVKXHYRVPHGLDQWHDFODUDFLyQGHXQDPXHVWUDFRQOtTXLGRGH6HUUD\ORVPDFKRVSRU
ODSUHVHQFLDGHVHPHQ3DUDUHDOL]DUODLQGXFFLyQVHXWLOL]DSULQFLSDOPHQWHH[WUDFWRGH
KLSyÀVLV GH FDUSD (3& DSOLFDGR LQWUDPXVFXODUPHQWH SDUD KHPEUDV GRV GRVLV PJ.J\PJ.JVHSDUDGDVGHDKRUDVRFXUULHQGRODRYXODFLyQDODVKRUDV²JUDGR3DUDPDFKRVVHSXHGHXWLOL]DUXQDDSOLFDFLyQGHPJ.JDOPRPHQWRGH
LQ\HFWDUODVHJXQGDGRVLVGHODKHPEUD
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
3DUDUHDOL]DUODLQGXFFLyQWDPELpQVHSXHGHQHPSOHDURWURVPDWHULDOHVKHWHURSOiVWLFRV
FRPRODJRQDGRWURSLQDFRULyQLFDKXPDQD*&+\OD/K5KDVtFRPRPDWHULDOKRPRSOiVWLFR
3DUDP. brachypomusVHXWLOL]DODIHUWLOL]DFLyQVHPLQDWXUDOGHMDQGRDODSDUHMDGHUHSURGXFWRUHVHQSLOHWDVFLUFXODUHVSHUPLWLHQGROLEUHPHQWHODH[SXOVLyQGHORVSURGXFWRV
VH[XDOHV \ FDSWXUDQGR ORV KXHYRV IHUWLOL]DGRV HQ WUDPSDV SDUD C. macropomum se
HPSOHD OD IHUWLOL]DFLyQ HQ VHFR PDQWHQLHQGR ORV SDGURWHV VHSDUDGRV \ DO FXPSOLUVH
ODVKRUDVJUDGRPHGLDQWHPDVDMHVVHH[WUDHQKXHYRV\VHPHQUHDOL]DQGRODPH]FOD
GHORVJDPHWRVPDQXDOPHQWHSDUDHIHFWRVGHPH]FODV\SURSRUFLRQHVXQJUDPRGH
KXHYRVVLQKLGUDWDUFRQWLHQHXQLGDGHV\HOVHPHQFRQWLHQH[HVSHUPDWR]RLGHVPO
(QFDXWLYHULRODSULPHUDPDGXUDFLyQGHHVWDVHVSHFLHVVHGLVPLQX\HHQXQDxRSDUD
FDGDXQRGHORVVH[RV\PHGLDQWHXQSURWRFRORGHPDQHMRVHORJUDQPDQWHQHULQGLYLGXRVPDGXURVGXUDQWHWRGRHODxR/RVUHSURGXFWRUHVGHEHQVHULGHQWLÀFDGRVLQGLYLGXDOPHQWH PHGLDQWH PDUFDV FRQ UHJLVWURV \ FRQWUROHV SHULyGLFRV GHEHQ VHU PDQWHQLGRVDEDMDVGHQVLGDGHV.JPFRQSHVFDV\PDQLSXODFLRQHVDGHFXDGDV
estar organizados por lotes de acuerdo a su estado de desarrollo gonadal (maduros,
GHVRYDGRV\HQPDGXUDFLyQ\UHDOL]DUPDQHMRGHVXDOLPHQWDFLyQ\GHODJXDGHORV
HVWDQTXHV
'XUDQWHODWHPSRUDGDGHVHTXtDHOORJUDUHQFDXWLYLGDGODPDGXUDFLyQGHPDFKRVSUHVHQWDPD\RUJUDGRGHGLÀFXOWDGFRPRUHVSXHVWDDHOORVHKDGHVDUUROODGRODFULRSUHVHUYDFLyQGHVHPHQFROHFWDQGRHOPDWHULDOHQODpSRFDGHOOXYLDVFXDQGRKD\QXPHURVRV
PDFKRVPDGXURV(VWHPDWHULDOVHPDQWLHQHYLDEOHGXUDQWHYDULRVDxRV9DULRVWLSRVGH
FULRSUHVHQYDQWHV\GHDFWLYDGRUHVKDQVLGRGHVDUUROODGRVSDUDWDOÀQ
LARVICULTURA
/RVKXHYRVVHGHVDUUROODQHQLQFXEDGRUDVFyQLFDVGHÁXMRYHUWLFDOGHGLIHUHQWHVYRO~PHQHVOLWURVSUHIHULEOHPHQWHGHÀEUDGHYLGULRFRORFDQGRKXHYRVSRU
OLWURGHDJXDHQODLQFXEDGRUD$OLJXDOTXHODRYLSRVLFLyQHOWLHPSRGHHFORVLyQGHSHQGHGHODWHPSHUDWXUDFRQXQSURPHGLRGHKRUDVJUDGRODLQFXEDFLyQHVYLDEOHHQ
DJXDVFRQWHPSHUDWXUDVHQWUHƒ&\ƒ&FRQS+GXUH]DVXSHULRUDSSP
\R[tJHQRGLVXHOWRVXSHULRUDSSP
8QD YH] HFORVLRQDGDV ODV ODUYDV DO WHUFHU GtD FDPELDQ OD IRUPD GH QDGR YHUWLFDO D
QDGRKRUL]RQWDOWDUGDQGRGtDVHQFRPSOHWDUVXGHVDUUROORDOFDERGHORVFXDOHVWDPELpQKDQFRQVXPLGRWRGRHOYLWHOR'HDFXHUGRDHVWDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVODODUYLFXOWXUD
se puede desarrollar inicialmente en las mismas incubadoras durante los primeros 3
GtDV\OXHJRWUDVODGDUODVODUYDV\DVHDDSLOHWDVRGLUHFWDPHQWHDHVWDQTXHVFRQOD
ÀQDOLGDGTXHWHQJDQDOLPHQWRH[WHUQRGLVSRQLEOH]RRSODQFWRQLQLFLDOPHQWHGHѥP
DOPRPHQWRGHFRPSOHWDUHOWUDFWRGLJHVWLYR\DEULUODERFD/DVLHPEUDHQHVWDQTXHV
VHUHDOL]DDXQDGHQVLGDGODUYDVP\ODSURGXFFLyQGHSODQFWRQVHPDQWLHQHPHGLDQWHDERQDPLHQWRVSHULyGLFRV/DDOLPHQWDFLyQGHORVDOHYLQRVVHFRPSOHPHQWDFRQ
HOVXPLQLVWURGHDOLPHQWRFRQFHQWUDGRFRPHUFLDOGHDOWRFRQWHQLGRSURWHLFR
SUHVHQWDGRHQSROYRKDULQDSDUDHODFRVWXPEUDPLHQWRGHORVLQGLYLGXRVDFRUGHFRQ
ODGHQVLGDGGHVLHPEUD\DOLPHQWDFLyQVXPLQLVWUDGDVHREWHQGUiQDOHYLQRVGHFP
/(HQWUHDGtDV
ENGORDE
En general, en la región amazónica Colossoma macropomumHVODHVSHFLHPiVFXOWLYDGDPLHQWUDVTXHHQ&RORPELDSUHGRPLQDHOFXOWLYRGH3LDUDFWXVEUDFK\SRPXVFRQ
HOGHODSURGXFFLyQ(QHVHSDtVHOGHORVVLWLRVGHHQJRUGHSHUWHQHFHQD
SHTXHxRVSLVFLFXOWRUHV\HOGHHVWRVFXOWLYDQHVWDVHVSHFLHV\DVHDHQPRQRR
policultivo (con Oreochromis, Brycon ó Prochilodus HQ GHQVLGDGHV GH SHFHV
PFDUJDVGH.JPHtQGLFHVGHFRQYHUVLyQDOLPHQWLFLDHQWUHHQFXOWLYRV
GHVDUUROODGRVHQHVWDQTXHVGHWLHUUD
/DPD\RUtDGHFXOWLYDGRUHVGHVDUUROODWRGRHOHQJRUGHHQXQVRORHVWDQTXHSHURHQ
VLWLRVFRQPHMRUPDQHMRWpFQLFRVHGHVDUUROODQFXOWLYRVGHGRVHWDSDVDOHYLQDMH\HQJRUGHHLQFOXVLYHWUHVDOHYLQDMHSUHHQJRUGH\HQJRUGHFDGDXQDGHODVHWDSDVHV
PDQWHQLGDHQGLIHUHQWHHVWDQTXHGHQVLGDGDOLPHQWDFLyQ\PDQHMRGHDJXD
/DSUHSDUDFLyQGHORVHVWDQTXHVSDUDFXOWLYRVLJXHHOSURWRFROREiVLFRGHOLPSLH]DGHO
H[FHVRGHORGRVVHFDGRDOVROSRU²GtDVDSOLFDFLyQGHFDOSUHIHULEOHPHQWHGRORPLWDHQSURSRUFLyQGH²JPDERQDPLHQWRRUJiQLFRJP\RLQRUJiQLFR
JPyXQDFRPELQDFLyQGHHVWDVGRVIXHQWHVGHDERQR)LQDOPHQWHFRRUGLQDQGRHO
OOHQDGRGHWDOIRUPDTXHFXDQGRVHVLHPEUHQORVDOHYLQRVHOHVWDQTXHQROOHYHPiVGH
GtDVFRQDJXDHYLWDQGRGHHVWDIRUPDTXHODUYDVGHRGRQDWRV\RWURVLQVHFWRVWHQJDQ
FDSDFLGDGGHDWDFDUDORVSHTXHxRVSHFHV
(VWDVHVSHFLHVHQFXOWLYRQRKDQUHSRUWDGRSUHVHQFLDGHHQIHUPHGDGHVGHGLItFLOPDQHMRFRPRYLUXVTXHOHVRFDVLRQHQJUDQGHVPRUWDOLGDGHVRFDVLRQDOPHQWHKD\SUHVHQFLD
GHSDUiVLWRVGHUHODWLYRIiFLOFRQWURO\HQJHQHUDOVXSUHVHQFLDHVSURPRYLGDSRUIDOODV
HQODPDQLSXODFLyQGHORVSHFHVHQODSUHSDUDFLyQGHORVHVWDQTXHVRHQHOPDQHMR
GHDJXDV
INFORMACIÓN ECONÓMICA
Calcular y asegurar la rentabilidad del cultivo es el paso a seguir en cualquier iniciativa
GHLQYHUVLyQDFXtFRODOXHJRGHWHQHUFRQÀUPDGDODYLDELOLGDGWpFQLFD$FRQWLQXDFLyQ
VHSUHVHQWDHOGHVDUUROORHFRQyPLFRFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHXQFXOWLYRSLVFtFRODGHSHTXHxR
SURGXFWRUHQODUHJLyQVXUGHOWUDSHFLRDPD]yQLFRFRORPELDQRHOFXDOVHUHDOL]DDEDMD
GHQVLGDG JHQHUDOPHQWH HQ HVWDQTXHV GH SUHVD FX\D IXHQWH GH DJXDV HV OD HVFRUUHQWtD\ODVDJXDVOOXYLDVUHDOL]DGRHQXQDVRODHWDSDGHPHVHV\DOLPHQWDGRFRQ
FRQFHQWUDGRFRPHUFLDO
(VWHSODQWHDPLHQWRWLHQHHQFXHQWDODIRUPDFRPRRSHUDQORVQDWLYRV\FDPSHVLQRV
GRQGH QR KD\ FRVWRV ÀMRV QL JDVWRV RSHUDFLRQDOHV OD GHSUHFLDFLyQ VH LQFOX\H FRPR
HMHUFLFLRÀQDQFLHUR\DTXHHIHFWLYDPHQWHORVFDPSHVLQRVQRPDQHMDQHVWHFRQFHSWRQL
HIHFW~DQODUHVSHFWLYDSURYLVLyQHQEDQFRV'DGDVODVFRVWXPEUHVGHOD]RQDGRQGH
VH FRPHUFLD HO SHVFDGR IUHVFR HQWHUR \ FRQ YtVFHUDV QR VH LQFOX\HQ SpUGLGDV HVWD
FDXVD3DUDHIHFWRGHOHMHUFLFLRVHHVWDEOHFLyHOSUHFLRGHXQGyODUDPHUtFDQR86'
200
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
HQPLOQRYHFLHQWRVWUHFHSHVRVFRORPELDQRV&23FRQORVVLJXLHQWHV
SDUiPHWURVEiVLFRVGHFXOWLYR
/DHVWLPDFLyQGHJDVWRV\YHQWDVGHOFXDGURDQWHULRUVHUHVXPHGHODVLJXLHQWHIRUPD
201
(OFiOFXORGHXWLOLGDGHVVHHVWDEOHFHGHODVLJXLHQWHIRUPD
$SDUWLUGHODVFLIUDVGHORVFXDGURVDQWHULRUHVVHREWLHQHQORVVLJXLHQWHVUHVXOWDGRV
7HQLHQGR SUHVHQWH TXH SDUD &RORPELD GXUDQWH HO DxR HO VDODULR PtQLPR OHJDO
PHQVXDOIXHGH86GyODUHVHVWHPRGHORGHFXOWLYRFRQPGHHVSHMRGH
DJXD \ HPSOHDQGR XQD GHQVLGDG GH SHFHVP JHQHUD XWLOLGDGHV HTXLYDOHQWHV D
VXHOGRVPtQLPRVDODxR
3UR\HFWDQGRHVWHPRGHORKDFLDSURJUDPDVGHIRPHQWRTXHEXVTXHQJHQHUDUXQLQJUHVRGHVXHOGRVPtQLPRVDODxRVHHQFXHQWUDTXHVHQHFHVLWDUtDGHDOPHQRVXQiUHD
GHHVSHMRGHDJXDGHPSDUDFDGDSURGXFWRUEHQHÀFLDULR
3DUDRWUDVLPXODFLyQVtVHFRQVLGHUDODPLVPDiUHDGHHVSHMRGHDJXDPSHUR
con menor disponibilidad de agua que obligue a realizar el cultivo a una densidad de
SH]PVHREWHQGUtDQORVVLJXLHQWHVtQGLFHV
202
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
(QFRQVHFXHQFLDFRQHVWDPHQRUGHQVLGDGHQPGHHVSHMRGHDJXDVHJHQHUDQVDODULRVPtQLPRVDODxR\VHPDQWLHQHQtQGLFHVSRVLWLYRVHQHOVHQWLGRHFRQyPLFR'HHVWDPDQHUDVHFRQFOX\HTXHSDUDXQSLVFLFXOWRUGHHVWD]RQDGH&RORPELD
que vende directamente al consumidor, el cultivo de estas especies es una actividad
SHFXDULDVRVWHQLEOH3DUDRWUDViUHDVGHOSDtVGRQGHVHWLHQHQGLIHUHQWHVIRUPDVGH
SUHVHQWDFLyQGHOSURGXFWR\VHSUHVHQWDQFDQDOHVGHFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQPiVFRPSOHMRV
VHPDQHMDQRWUDVHVWUDWHJLDVFRPRDXPHQWDUODGHQVLGDGURWDULQVWDODFLRQHVDSOLFDU
policultivos o agregar valor para compensar los gastos ocasionados por evisceración,
GHVFDPDGRHPSDTXHV\ODLQWHUYHQFLyQGHXQRyPiVLQWHUPHGLDULRV
(Q&RORPELDGRQGHODPD\RUFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHFXOWLYRVVHKDOODHQHOiUHDGHLQÁXHQFLD
DQGLQDHOFRVWRGHSURGXFFLyQSURPHGLRGHHVWDVHVSHFLHVVHHQFXHQWUDHQ.J
FRQXQDXWLOLGDGSURPHGLRGH.JSDUDXQSURGXFWRHQWUHJDGRHYLVFHUDGRHQWUH
J\J
REFERENCIAS
%RQLOOD63'DWRVHVWDGtVWLFRVGHODDFXDFXOWXUDHQ&RORPELD&DGHQDGHOD$FXLFXOWXUD0$'5%RJRWiSS
)$27&$3LVFLFXOWXUD$PD]yQLFDFRQHVSHFLHV1DWLYDV6HFUHWDULD3UR7HPSRUH
Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica. Lima. 107 pp.
)ORUHV$ $ %URZQ 3HFHV 1DWLYRV GH$JXD 'XOFH GH$PpULFD GHO 6XU GH
,QWHUpV SDUD OD$FXLFXOWXUD 8QD VtQWHVLV GHO HVWDGR GH GHVDUUROOR WHFQROyJLFR 6HULH
$FXDFXOWXUDHQ/DWLQRDPpULFD)$2SS
)UHVQHGD$HWDO(VSHUPLDFLyQLQGXFLGD\FULRFRQVHUYDFLyQGHVHPHQGHFDFKDPD%ODQFD3LDUDFWXVEUDFK\SRPXV5HY&RO&LHQF3HF
*RQ]iOH]5/D&DFKDPD%ODQFD5HYLVWD$FXLRULHQWH
*RQ]iOH]5(O&XOWLYRGH/D&DFKDPD&DStWXOR;9(Q)XQGDPHQWRVGH$FXDcultura Continental. INPA.
IAvH, 2011. Catálogo de los recursos Pesqueros Continentales de Colombia. IAvH. 300
pp
203
EL CULTIVO DE BAGRES PIMELODIDOS
-RVp$ULHO5RGUtJXH]31
*UXSRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQJHQpWLFD\UHSURGXFFLyQ*,5*$8QLYHUVLGDGGHORV/ODQRV
&RORPELDURGULJXH]SMRVHD#\DKRRFRPP[
INTRODUCCIÓN
&RORPELDHVFRQVLGHUDGRXQSDtVPHJDGLYHUVRFRQPiVGHHVSHFLHVGHYHUWHEUDGRV\HQpOODV]RQDVGHPiVDOWDGLYHUVLGDGVRQORVVLVWHPDVÁXYLDOHVFX\RVUHFXUsos hidrobiológicos han sido base socioeconómica y alimentaria no solo de regiones
ULEHUHxDVVLQRGHOLQWHULRUGHOSDtV\DFWXDOPHQWHSRUVREUHSHVFDGHWHULRURDPELHQWDO\
FRQWDPLQDFLyQPXFKRVGHORVUHFXUVRVHVWiQHQDPHQD]DGRVRHQSHOLJURGHH[WLQFLyQ
ORVUHJLVWURVGHSHVTXHUtDVPXHVWUDQLQGLVFXWLEOHPHQWHXQDWHQGHQFLDDODEDMD\GLVPLQXFLyQHQODVWDOODVGHFDSWXUD8QDIRUPDGHDVHJXUDUODSUHVHUYDFLyQGHORVPLVPRV
HVORJUDUVXPDQHMRUHSURGXFWLYRHQFDXWLYHULR%HOWUiQHWDO5RGUtJXH]
/RVVLOXULIRUPHVUHSUHVHQWDQHOFXDUWRRUGHQGHQWURGHORVYHUWHEUDGRV\GHQWURGHORV
RVWDULRSK\VL VRQ HO JUXSR GH SHFHV PiV GLYHUVLÀFDGR \ H[WHQVDPHQWH GLVWULEXLGR D
QLYHOPXQGLDOVREUHWRGRHQDJXDVFRQWLQHQWDOHVFRQPiVGHWUHLQWDIDPLOLDVJpQHURV\FHUFDGHHVSHFLHV3LQQD(Q6XU$PpULFDVHHQFXHQWUDQHQWRGDV
ODV FXHQFDV KLGURJUiÀFDV \ RFXSDQ HO VHJXQGR OXJDU GHVSXpV GH ORV &KDUDFLIRUPHV
(VFREDU\0RMLFD
'HQWURGHORV6LOXULIRUPHVXQDGHODVIDPLOLDVPiVUHSUHVHQWDWLYDVHVOD3LPHORGLGDH
TXHYLYHH[FOXVLYDPHQWHHQDJXDVGXOFHVHVGHODVPiVQXPHURVDVGHVSXpVODIDPLOLD
/RULFDULLGDH\DOPLVPRWLHPSRODPiVLPSRUWDQWHFRPRUHFXUVRSHVTXHUR0RMLFDHWDO
6HFRQRFHQPiVGHJpQHURVTXHDEDUFDQDOUHGHGRUGHHVSHFLHVGLVWULEXLGDVGHVGH0p[LFRKDVWD$UJHQWLQD5RGUtJXH]\*DOYLVHWDO\DpVWD
SHUWHQHFHQORVEDJUHVGHPD\RUWDPDxRFRQRFLGRV
/DSLVFLFXOWXUDHVODDFWLYLGDGSHFXDULDGHPD\RUFUHFLPLHQWRHQORV~OWLPRVDxRV\D
HQHOODDFXLFXOWXUDFRQWLQHQWDOVXSHUyORVPLOORQHVGHWRQHODGDV)$2
\SDUD&RORPELDUHJLVWUDXQDSURGXFFLyQGHFDUQHGHSHVFDGRGHDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
PLOWRQHODGDVDxR6LQHPEDUJRHVWDSURGXFFLyQGHSHQGHIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHGHO
FXOWLYRGHWUHVHVSHFLHVWLODSLDURMDOreochromis sp), trucha arco iris (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) y cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus), siendo las dos primeras especies
GHRULJHQH[yWLFR$WHQFLR
(QYLUWXGGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHVXFDUQHEODQFD\VLQHVSLQDVLQWUDPXVFXODUHVTXH
GHWHUPLQDXQDDOWDDFHSWDFLyQFRPHUFLDO\SRUODIDFWLELOLGDGGHUHSURGXFFLyQ\FXOWLYR
HQ FDXWLYHULR YDULDV HVSHFLHV QDWLYDV GH VLO~ULGRV FRQVWLWX\HQ XQD EXHQD DOWHUQDWLYD
SDUDGLYHUVLÀFDUODRIHUWDGHHVSHFLHVSDUDODDFXLFXOWXUDQDFLRQDOHQWUHHOODVHOEDJUH
rayado Pseudoplatystoma (orinocoense- metaense HO \DTXp Leiarius marmoratus y
el amarillo Zungaro zungaro6LQHPEDUJRDSHVDUGHDOJXQRVWUDEDMRVUHDOL]DGRVFRQ
HVWDVHVSHFLHVD~QQRHVSRVLEOHVXFXOWLYRDHVFDODFRPHUFLDOGHELGRSULQFLSDOPHQWH
DODVGLÀFXOWDGHVSDUDORJUDUVXUHSURGXFFLyQH[LWRVDHQFDXWLYHULRODPDUFDGDHVWDFLR204
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
QDOLGDGUHSURGXFWLYDVXVKiELWRVDOLPHQWLFLRVFDUQtYRURV\ODGLÀFXOWDGSDUDDGDSWDUODV
DOFRQVXPRGHGLHWDVVHFDVRFRQFHQWUDGRVFRPHUFLDOHVSRUORWDQWRODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
QDFLRQDODFWXDOPHQWHHVWiVLHQGRRULHQWDGDDVROXFLRQDUHVWDSUREOHPiWLFD\PHMRUDU
ODVSHUVSHFWLYDVGHHVWDDFWLYLGDGSURGXFWLYD&UX]&DVDOODVHWDO
MANEJO EN CONFINAMIENTO
Los reproductores son capturados del medio natural y se transportan en recipientes
SOiVWLFRVRGHÀEUDGHYLGULRDUD]yQGHNJGHSHVRFRUSRUDOSRUOLWURVGHDJXD
'LDJQyVWLFRGHOHVWDGRGHPDGXUH]JRQDGDO La ovulación parece ser el resultado de
HVWtPXORVHQGyJHQRVGHVSXpVGHODPDGXUDFLyQÀQDOGHORYRFLWR(QODPD\RUtDGHODV
HVSHFLHVWURSLFDOHVODWHPSHUDWXUDGHODJXD\HOIRWRSHUtRGRHVWLPXODQODYLWHORJpQHVLV
HQ FDXWLYHULR HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV VH SXHGHQ PDQLSXODU VLPXOiQGRVH SHUtRGRV GH DOWD
SOXYLRVLGDGRPDQHMDQGRORVQLYHOHVGHDJXDGHOHVWDQTXHSDUDUHSOLFDUORVFDPELRV
HVWDFLRQDOHVTXHVXFHGHQHQODQDWXUDOH]D\TXHOHLQIRUPDQDOSH]FXDQGRLQLFLDUR
SDUDUDOJXQRGHVXVSURFHVRVÀVLROyJLFRV(ODOLPHQWR\ODVHQVDFLyQGHVHJXULGDGRULJLQDQXQDPELHQWHIDYRUDEOHSDUDVXUHSURGXFFLyQXQDQLPDOYLYLHQGRHQFRQGLFLRQHV
GHHVWUpVSHUPDQHQWHSLHUGHGLVSRVLFLyQSDUDODUHSURGXFFLyQ(VFREDUHWDO$Vt
ODVFRVDVPHGLDQWHH[DPHQGLUHFWRGHVXVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVH[XDOHVVHFXQGDULDVWDOHV
FRPRHOGHVDUUROORH[DJHUDGRGHODUHJLyQYHQWUDOGHODVKHPEUDVORVP~VFXORVYHQWUDOHVXQSRFREODQGRVSDSLODXURJHQLWDOURML]D\GLODWDGDFRQORVSOLHJXHVGHWHUPLQDFLyQ
GHORYLGXFWRSUR\HFWDGRVKDFLDIXHUD
6HUHDOL]DODELRSVLDRYiULFDPHGLDQWHFDWpWHULQWURGXFLHQGR KDVWDHORYDULRXQWXER
SOiVWLFRÀQRHOGLiPHWURYDUtDVHJ~QHOWDPDxRGHORVKXHYRVDWUDYpVGHOSRURJHQLWDO
SDUDH[WUDHUSRUSUHVLyQQHJDWLYDXQDPXHVWUDGHRRFLWRV8QDYH]REWHQLGDVODVPXHVWUDVGHORVRRFLWRVVHSURFHGHUiDOH[DPHQDOPLFURVFRSLRFRQHOÀQGHGHWHUPLQDUHO
HVWDGRGHPDGXUDFLyQJRQDGDO\SURFHGHUDODGRVLÀFDFLyQGHODKRUPRQD$ORQVRH
,EDUUD
Inducción./DKRUPRQDPiVXWLOL]DGDSDUDLQGXFLUODPDGXUDFLyQÀQDO\HOGHVRYHHQ
FDXWLYHULRHVHOH[WUDFWRGHKLSyÀVLVGHFDUSDHQGRVLVTXHYDUtDQHQWUH\PLOLJUDPRVGHSHVRYLYR\FRQLQWHUYDORVGHKRUDVHQWUHLQ\HFFLRQHV0RMLFDHWDO
\HQORVPDFKRVGH/PDUPRUDWXVVHKDSUREDGRFRQp[LWRPONJ2YDSULP*Q5+DGRPSHULGRQDHQGRVLV~QLFD\GRFHKRUDVDQWHVGHOGHVRYH7DWLDQDHWDO
(QWUH SDUD / PDUPRUDWXV \ ž+ SDUD 3 IDVFLDWXP \ = ]XQJDUR HV
QHFHVDULRPRQLWRUHDUODRYXODFLyQSDUDIHUWLOL]DUHQVHFRODH[WUDFFLyQGHORVJDPHWRV
VHKDFHPHGLDQWHPDVDMHFpIDORFDXGDO
Incubadoras.(OPRGHORPiVXVDGRVRQODVGHÁXMRDVFHQGHQWHWLSR$JURYHUZR\QDURYLFKR0F'RQDOG/DHFORVLyQVHGDHQWUHDORVž+VLHQGRPiVSHTXHxDVODV
ODUYDVGH/PDUPRUDWXVPPDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
/DUYLFXOWXUD\DOHYLQDMH3DUDFULDUODUYDVVDOXGDEOHV\ELHQGHVDUUROODGDVHVLPSRUWDQWHSURYHHUWRGDVODVFRQGLFLRQHVQHFHVDULDVSDUDVXGHVDUUROOR(VWDVVRQDGHFXDGD
WHPSHUDWXUDGHODJXDDEXQGDQWHR[LJHQRGLVXHOWRHOLPLQDFLyQGHPHWDEROLWRVSURGX
FLGRVWDOHVFRPR&2\1+HOLPLQDFLyQGHODVPHPEUDQDVKXHYRVPDORJUDGRV\
RWURVGHVSHUGLFLRV
Suministro de alimento.'HEHVXPLQLVWUDUVHGHVGHODVKRUDVSRVHFORVLyQ\KD
GHVHUDOLPHQWRYLYRQRPD\RUDѥPURWtIHURVQDXSOLRVGHDUWHPLD\GHFODGyFHURV
&UX]HWDO6HKDREVHUYDGRTXHHQODPD\RUtDGHORVFDVRVODSULQFLSDOFDXVD
GHOFDQLEDOLVPRHQODODUYLFXOWXUDHVWiUHODFLRQDGDFRQHOPDQHMRGHODDOLPHQWDFLyQ
FRQVLGHUiQGRVHFRPRIDFWRUHVLPSRUWDQWHVHQHOFRQWUROGHHVWDFRQGXFWDDOLPHQWDFLyQDVDFLHGDGIUHFXHQFLDySWLPDGHDOLPHQWDFLyQWDPDxRDSURSLDGR\GLVWULEXFLyQ
KRPRJpQHDGHODOLPHQWRXVRSUHIHUHQFLDOGHDOLPHQWRYLYRFDQWLGDGGHOX]VXPLQLVWUDGDGHQVLGDGGHVLHPEUDFRQYHQLHQWH\FDOLGDGGHDJXDORPiVHVWDEOHSRVLEOH1~xH]
HWDO
'HVSXpVGHKDEHUVLGRUHDEVRUELGRHOVDFRYLWHOLQRORVDOHYLQRVVHDOLPHQWDQFRQ$UWHPLDVDOLQD\SODQFWRQSRUGtDV\JUDGXDOPHQWHVHUHPSOD]DSRUGLHWDK~PHGD
GHFRQFHQWUDGRSXOYHUL]DGRFRQGHSURWHtQDPiVFRPSOHPHQWRVGHKtJDGRR
FRUD]yQPROLGR(VWHSHUtRGRGHDFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWRDGLHWDVHFDHVXQSURFHVRGHOLFDGRHQGRQGHQRVHGHEHQPDQHMDUHQGHQVLGDGPD\RUDSRUOLWUR\VHGHEHQUHWLUDU
DTXHOORVDOHYLQRVGHPD\RUWDPDxRMXPSHUPtQLPRFDGDFXDWURGtDVSDUDHYLWDUOD
GHSUHGDFLyQ
Estas primeras etapas se realizan en piletas o canaletas con recambio de agua (circuiWRFHUUDGRDWHPSHUDWXUDVGHž&DLUHDFLyQSHUPDQHQWH\EDMRWHFKRHQDPELHQWHV
RVFXURV H[FHSWR HQ = ]XQJDUR (Q HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV VH FDPELD JUDGXDOPHQWH HO
VXPLQLVWURGHDOLPHQWRYLYRSRUDOLPHQWRK~PHGRHQIRUPDGHSDVWDKDVWDDFRQGLFLRQDUORVDUDFLRQHVVHFDV
Cultivo en estanque. La actividad de la acuicultura posee un potencial importante como
iUHDSURYHFKRVDGHLQYHUVLyQ\FRPRFUHDFLyQGHXQDHPSUHVDDOWHUQDWLYDSDUDTXHORV
SURGXFWRUHVSXHGDQPHMRUDUVXVJDQDQFLDV6LQHPEDUJRQRHVXQDSDQDFHD/DVLQYHUVLRQHVDFXtFRODVUHTXLHUHQXQDQiOLVLVFDEDO\XQDSODQLÀFDFLyQDGHFXDGDSUHYLRDO
LQLFLRGHFXDOTXLHUHPSUHQGLPLHQWR/RVDQiOLVLVGHEHQFRQVLGHUDUHOJUDGRGHLQWHQVLGDGGHOPDQHMRRJHUHQFLDPLHQWRUHTXHULGR(VWRLQFOX\HQRVyORORVtWHPVUHIHULGRVDO
PDQHMRGHODSURGXFFLyQVLQRWDPELpQDOPDQHMRÀQDQFLHUR\HOFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDXQD
FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQDGHFXDGD(OPDQHMRHVTXL]iVHOFRPSRQHQWHPiVFUtWLFRHQODGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHOp[LWRGHXQDHPSUHVDDFXtFRODSRWHQFLDO(QVXPDODVDOWHUQDWLYDVGH
FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQGLVSRQLELOLGDG\ÁH[LELOLGDGGHUHFXUVRVUHTXHULPLHQWRVÀQDQFLHURV
QHFHVLGDGHVFUHGLWLFLDV\UHVWULFFLRQHVLQVWLWXFLRQDOHVGHEHUiQHYDOXDUVHFRQDWHQFLyQ
DQWHVGHLQLFLDUFXDOTXLHURSHUDFLyQ
8QDYH]REWHQLGDVODVODUYDVVHSURFHGHUiQDVHPEUDUHQHVWDQTXHVHQWLHUUDSUHYLDPHQWHDGHFXDGRVSDUDVXUHFHSFLyQ6HVHPEUDUiQHQIRUPDGLUHFWDDUD]yQGHGRV
HMHPSODUHVSRUP/RVHMHPSODUHVVHPEUDGRVVHUiQPXHVWUHDGRVFDGDTXLQFHGtDV
FRQHOÀQGHGHWHUPLQDUODUDWDGHFUHFLPLHQWR\ODQXHYDUDFLyQGHDOLPHQWRDSURSRUcionar
(ODOLPHQWRDVXPLQLVWUDUVHUiXQDOLPHQWRSHOHWL]DGRFRQSRUFHQWDMHGHSURWHtQDHQWUH
HODOLQLFLDUHOFLFOR\WHUPLQDQGRHQDOPRPHQWRGHFRVHFKD(OWDPDxRGHO
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
pellet debe ir en aumento en estas condiciones para L. marmoratus se logró en cinco
PHVHVGHFXOWLYRSHVRVSURPHGLRGHJ\WDOODVGHFPFRQFRQYHUVLRQHVÀQDOHV
GH7DEOD'HWDOVXHUWH5LFDUGR0XULOORHVWLPDXQDSURGXFFLyQSRUKHFWiUHDGH
WRQHODGDV SRU FLFOR GH SURGXFFLyQ FRQ LQGLYLGXRV GH D JUDPRV GH SHVR
SURPHGLR
7DEOD9DULDEOHVGHOGHVHPSHxRSURGXFWLYRGH/PDUPRUDWXVDOLPHQWDGRVFRQGLIHUHQWHVQLYHOHVGHSURWHtQDEUXWD3%HQODGLHWD'DWRVSUHVHQWDGRVFRPRSURPHGLR“
HUURUHVWiQGDUGHODPHGLD((0
REFERENCIAS
$ORQVR-&6&,EDUUD´(QVD\RVGH5HSURGXFFLyQ,QGXFLGDHQHO0RWD&DOORSK\VXVPDFURSWHUXV/LQFKWHQVWHLQ3S(Q0HPRULDV,9UHXQLyQUHG
QDFLRQDOGHDFXLFXOWXUD&ROFLHQFLDV0LQDJULFXOWXUD,13$&DU3URH[SR)RQGR'5,
Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Atencio, V. J. 2003. Producción de alevinos de peces migratorios continentales en CoORPELD(Q,,&RQJUHVR,EHURDPHULFDQR9LUWXDOGH$FXLFXOWXUDS
%HOWUiQ+RVWRV'35($MLDFR0DUWtQH]<+5DPtUH]*LO/HLDULXVPDUPRUDWXV*LOOS(Q5DPtUH]+\5($MLDFR(GV/DSHVFDHQODEDMD
2ULQRTXLDFRORPELDQDXQDYLVLyQLQWHJUDO0LQDJULFXOWXUD3URQDWWD&ROFLHQFLDV,13$
%RJRWi'&&RORPELDS
&UX]1('tD]--0DUFLDOHV&-0XULOOR350HGLQD50&UX]3'HVHPSHxRSURGXFWLYRGHO<DTXp/HLDULXVPDUPRUDWXVHQHVWDQTXHVHQWLHUUDEDMRWUHV
GHQVLGDGHVGHVLHPEUD5HYLVWD&RORPELDQDGHFLHQFLDV3HFXDULDV9RO
(VFREDU0'<+20RMLFD(QVD\RVSUHOLPLQDUHVGHUHSURGXFFLyQLQGXFLGD
GHO\DTXp/HLDULXVPDUPRUDWXV*LOO3LVFHV6LOXULIRUPHV3LPHORGLGDHHQOD
2ULQRTXLD&RORPELDQD%RO&LHQW,13$
)$26HPLQDULRVREUHRUGHQDFLyQSHVTXHUDUHVSRQVDEOHHQJUDQGHVUtRV\HPEDOVHVGH$PHULFD/DWLQD)$2),6+&2'(5HYLVWD5RPDS
*DOYLV*-,0RMLFD0&DPDUJR3HFHVGHO&DWDWXPER(FRSHWURO2[\6KHll -Asociación Cravo Norte. Bogotá. 118 p.
.DVVRZVNL&$SRUWHVDODUHSURGXFFLyQHQFDXWLYHULR\FUHFLPLHQWRGHO%DJUH
]DPXULWR&DORSK\VXVPDFURSWHUXV/LQFKWHQVWHLQ3LVFHVVLOXULIRUPHV(VWDFLyQ
de Piscicultura. Bioagro Centro Occidental Univ. Lisandro Alvarado.27p.
0RMLFD+2-$5RGUtJXH]\=&2UR]FR0DQXDOGH5HSURGXFFLyQ\FXOWLYR
del Bagre Rayado (Pseudoptatystoma fasciatum). PRONATTA - INPA.
1XQH] - 'XTXH 5 &RUFX\$1 'XSRQFKHOOH ) 5HQQR -% 7 5D\QDXG Induced breeding and larval rearing of surubi Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus
IURPWKH%ROLYLDQ$PD]RQ$TXDF5HV
3pUH]*2&DVWLOOR$VSHFWRVUHSURGXFWLYRV\SDWUyQGHH[SORWDFLyQGHOEDJUH
Pseudoplatystoma metaense Buitrago y Burr, 2007 (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) en la
cuenca del río Apure, Venezuela. Simposio Iberoamericano de Ecología Reproductiva,
Reclutamiento y Pesquerías (SIBERCORP).
3LQQD0&&3K\ORJHQHWLFUHODWLRQVKLSVRI1HRWURSLFDO6LOXULIRUPHV7HOHRVWHL
2VWDULRSK\VL +LVWRULFDO RYHUYLHZ DQG V\QWKHVLV RI K\SRWKHVHV ,Q 0DODEDUED /5
5HLV559DUL53/XFHQD=06/XFHQD&$3K\ORJHQ\DQGFODVLÀFDWLRQ
RIQHRWURSLFDOÀVKHV
208
,,,&RORTXLRGHOD5HGGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQVREUHOD
ÌFWLRIDXQD$PD]yQLFD5,,$/HWLFLD&RORPELD
5RGUtJXH]-$5HSURGXFFLyQLQGXFLGDGHOFDMDUR3KUDWRFHSKDOXVKHPLROLRSWHUXV
%ORFK\6FKQHLGHU3S(Q0HPRULDVƒ&RQJUHVR/DWLQRDPHULFDQR
GH$FXLFXOWXUD\ƒ6HPLQDULR1DFLRQDOGH$FXLFXOWXUD&2/&,(1&,$6%RJRWi'&
Colombia, 562 p.
Rodríguez, J. A. 2004. Aspectos reproductivos del Nicuro Pimelodus blochii en cautiYHULRHQODHVWDFLyQSLVFtFROD´/D7HUUD]Dµ7UDEDMRGH0DHVWUtD3RQWLÀFLD8QLYHUVLGDG
Javeriana – INPA. Villavicencio.
Tatiana M., Medina, R.V.; Cruz, C. P. 2010. Evaluación de tres protocolos hormonales
HP<DTXH /HLDULXV PDUPRUDWXV EDMR FRQGLFLRQHV GH FDXWLYHULR 5HYLVWD 09= 9RO
210
COVER COLOQUIO.indd 2
2/4/13 12:59 PM
Download

riia - Red - Ictiofauna