The CBERS programme: an
overview as of April 2009
Gilberto Câmara
Director General
National Institute for Space Research (INPE)
Brazil
One world, one dream...
Free Earth Observation data for all!
A vision for the future
A constellation of satellites will provide free global land
imaging for all countries on Earth (CEOS)
CBERS will be a key member of the CEOS land imaging
constellation
INPE’s space technology agenda
“Global EO” – Brazil as global player in earth
observation
Bilateral agreements
(China, Argentina, UK)
Multilateral Agreements
(CEOS, GEO)
CBERS:satellites for the public good
CBERS-2B Launch (19 September 2007)
What is a public good?
Non-rival
...[goods] which all enjoy in common in the sense that each
individual's consumption of such a good leads to no
subtractions from any other individual's consumption of that
good... (Samuelson)
Non-excludable
it is impossible to exclude any individuals from consuming the
good
CBERS Program Timeline
1999
CBERS-1
2001
Set/99
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
Mar/03
CBERS-2
Out/03
CBERS2B
CBERS-3
CBERS-4
CBSAR
CBERS-5
CBERS-6
Mar/09
Set/07
Jun/11
Set/14
Set/15
Set/17
Set/20
2023
Satellites for Forestry and Agriculture
100
Technology 2000
MUX CBERS-3/4
50
Revisit (days)
Forestry Mapping
CCD CBERS-2/3/4
10
MUX
CBERS-5/6
Land Use
Description
CBERS-SAR-2
Technology 2008
Technology 2015
Deforestation
Detection
CBERS-SAR-1
5
AWFI
CBERS-5/6
AWFI CBERS-3/4
AWFI
Amaz-1/2
WFI CBERS-2
Agriculture
Mapping
1
1
5
10
50
Resolution (metres)
100
500
1000
CBERS platform
Mass
Electrical Power
Payload Bit Rate
Lifetime
CBERS 1, 2, 2B
CBERS 3, 4
1450 kg
1980 kg
1100 W
166 Mbps
2300 W
303 Mbps
2 years
3 years
CBERS Orbit
SSO Polar, 778 km height, 980 inclination, 100 min period,
Equator crossing at 10h30 AM
Track distance of 107 km, revisit time of 26 days
Long March-4B

Height: 44 meters

3 stages, liquid fuel

Capacity of launching 2800 kg in
sun-synchronous orbit (900km)

Total weight: 250 tons
(232 tons of fuel)

Launched 11 times with success
since May 1999
CBERS-1, 2, 2B work share
(70% China, 30% Brazil)
Service Module
Structure
Thermal Control
Attitude and Orbit Control
Power supply
On-board computer
Telemetry
Brasil
China
China
Brasil
China
Brasil
Payload Module
CCD
IRMSS
WFI
Data Transmission
Data collection
China
China
Brasil
China
Brasil
CBERS-2
CBERS-2 Launch (21 October 2003)
CBERS-2 prepared for launch (2003)
CBERS-2 assembly and tests(2003)
CBERS-2 being put into Long March-4B
CBERS 1,2 Sensor Configuration
WFI 260 m (890 km)
MSS 80 m (120 km)
CCD 20 m (120 km)
0.4
0.5
0.7
Built by China
0.9
1.1
Built by Brazil
1.5
1.7
2.3
2.5
mm
CBERS-1,2 Sensor Configuration
Sensor
CCD
IRMSS
WFI
Bands (mm)
Swath (km)
Resolution (m)
0.45 – 0.52
120
20
0.52 – 0.59
120
20
0.63 – 0.69
120
20
0.77 – 0.89
120
20
0.51 – 0.73
120
20
0.51 – 1.10
120
80
1.55 – 1.75
120
80
2.08 – 2.35
120
80
10.4 – 12.5
120
160
0.63 – 0.69
890
260
0.77 – 0.89
890
260
WFI sensor
Image CBERS-2 WFI
CBERS2-WFI – 157/124, 18/01/2004, São Paulo
CBERS-1 IRMSS DaLian Bay，China
CBERS-2 CCD ShenYang China
CBERS-2 CCD, Minas Gerais, Brazil
CBERS-2 CCD Sobradinho Dam, Brazil Dez 2003
CBERS-2 CCD, Parnaíba River Delta, Nov 2003
CBERS-2 CCD, Pradópolis, Brazil, Nov 2003
CBERS-2 CCD, Macapá, Brazil
CBERS-2 WFI mosaic of Mato Grosso state, 2003
Agriculture-Wheat NDVI green exponent
based on WFI data (YangZhou)
2004.02.05
2004.03.28
2004.04.20
Forest type map based on CBERS-1 CCD data (LinZhi area)
CBERS-1 Mosaic Image for Guizhong Province
CBERS-2B
CBERS-2B Launch (19 September 2007)
CBERS-2B Sensor Configuration
WFI 260 m (890 km)
CCD 20 m (120 km)
PAN 2.5 m (27 km)
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.9
Built by China
1.1
1.5
Built by Brazil
1.7
2.3
2.5
mm
CBERS-2B Sensor Configuration
Sensor
Bands (mm)
Swath (km)
Resolution (m)
PAN
0.51-0.73
27
2.5
CCD
0.45-0.52
120
20
0.52–0.59
120
20
0.63–0.69
120
20
0.77–0.89
120
20
0.51-0.73
120
20
0.63–0.69
890
260
0.77–0.89
890
260
WFI
Integration of CBERS-2B in INPE (2006-2007)
Assembly, integration and test (AIT) facilities at INPE
Integration of CBERS-2B in INPE (2006-2007)
Assembly of CBERS-2B Cameras
CBERS-2B HRC (PAN - 2,7 m) + CCD (multispectral, 20 m)
Guarulhos Airport, Sao Paulo, March 2008
CBERS-2B HRC (PAN - 2,7 m) + CCD (multispectral, 20 m)
São Felix do Xingu, Pará, June 2008
CBERS-2B – Forest Degradation
CBERS-HRC (2,5 m) + CCD (20 m)
Degradation
Deforestation
CBERS-2B HRC allows better detection of forest degradation (region
of Marcelandia, Mato Grosso, Brazil)
北川县
CBERS-2B image of Beichuan Earthquake 2008
CBERS-2B image of the Barrier lake in Tangjiashan after earthquake
on 1 June 2008
CBERS-2B image
of Beichuan
County after
earthquake on 1
June 2008
INPE Image Distribution: CBERS and LANDSAT (2004-2008)
16,000 User institutions (51% are private companies)
CBERS Image Catalogue (Internet): access to all data
CBERS Image Catalogue (Internet): go and get it!
FTP area for User
Time to respond to a user request
Median time
9 minutes
What do CBERS users say?
“CBERS brought the freedom to have data
immediately available when you need it.”
What do the private companies say
about free CBERS data?
Enables new business development
Facilitates trial uses for new clients
Planning new applications becomes easier
Creates jobs by reducing cost of data buys
Increases quality by adding data previously unavailable
CBERS-3,4
A new generation of CBERS satellite: better
instruments, longer lifetime
CBERS 3 – 4 Sensors
Visible – Near IR
Medium wave IR
Short wave IR
Thermal IR
AWFI 60 m (720 km)
IRMSS 40 m (120 km)
CCD 20 m (120 km)
MUX 5/10 m(120 km)
0.4 0.5
0.7
0.9
1.5
Built by China
1.7
2.1
2.3
3.5
Built by Brazil
3.7
3.9
10
12
µm
CBERS-3,4 Sensor Configuration: PANMUX, CCD
Sensor
Bands (mm)
Swath (km)
Resolution (m)
PAN
0.51 – 0.85
60
5
MUX
0.52 – 0.59
60
10
0.63 – 0.69
60
10
0.77 – 0.89
60
10
0.45 – 0.52
120
20
0.52 – 0.59
120
20
0.63 – 0.69
120
20
0.77 – 0.89
120
20
CCD
CBERS-3,4 Sensor Configuration: IRMSS, AWFI
Sensor
Bands (mm)
Swath (km)
Resolution (m)
0.76 – 1.10
120
40
1.55 – 1.75
120
40
2.08 – 2.35
120
40
10.4 – 12.5
120
80
AWFI
0.45 – 0.52
840
70
(10 bits)
0.52 – 0.59
840
70
0.63 – 0.69
840
70
0.77 – 0.89
840
70
IRMSS
CBERS 3/4 x LANDSAT-7
TM 30 m (180 km)
PAN 15 m (180 km)
WFI 73 m (860 km)
MSS 40 m (120 km)
CCD 20 m (120 km)
MUX 10 m (60 km)
PAN 5 m (60 km)
0.4
mm
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.5
1.7
2.1
2.3
CBERS 3/4 x IRS-P6 e IRS-P5
AWFIS 70 m (700 km)
LISS 23 m (140 km)
MSS 5.8 m (24 km)
PAN 2.5 m (30 km - stereo)
WFI 73 m (860 km)
MSS 40 m (120 km)
CCD 20 m (120 km)
MUX 10 m (60 km)
PAN 5 m (60 km)
0.4
mm
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.5
1.7
2.1
2.3
CBERS-3 Structural Model Tests (2008-2009)
CBERS-3,4 Subsystem Work Share
China
Brazil
TCS - Thermal Control
Structure
AOCS - Attitude Control *
EPSS - Electrical Power Supply **
OBDH - Onboard Data Handling *
TTCS – Service Telecommunications **
SCS - System Circuitry
MUX camera (20m)
PAN camera (5m)
WFI-2 camera (73m)
IRS camera (40m)
DDR – Data Recorder
SEM – Space Environment
DCS – Data Collecting
PIT – Data Transmitter
MWT – Data Transmitter
CBERS-3, 4 industrial policy in Brazil
Contracts with Brazilian industry: R$ 320 million
CBERS industrial contracts
Company
OPTO
R$ 85.100.052.10
OMNISYS
R$ 3.040.614.08
OMNISYS
R$ 10.188.733.26
AEROELETRONICA
R$ 24.704.596.56
CENIC
R$ 49.442.106.58
MECTRON
R$ 11.664.560.07
OPTO/EQUATORIAL
R$ 60.589.870.55
OMNISYS
R$ 39.976.407.51
MECTRON
R$ 7.858.848.00
NEURON
R$ 2.772.054.75
OMNISYS
R$ 14.884.414.17
ORBITAL
R$ 5.319.287.59
ORBISAT
R$ 800.000.00
FUNCATE
R$ 329.560.00
CENIC
R$ 3.459.986.00
R$ 320.131.091.22
MUX CCD Camera(CBERS-3, 4)
Optical, electronical, thermal
and mechanical project done
by OPTO (Brazilian industry)
The future of CBERS
CBERS satellites will provide key information
about global land change
CBERS as a global satellite
Urumchi
Miyun
Aswan
Maspalomas
Ghuangzhou
Chetumal
Accra(?)
Boa Vista
Nairobi(?)
Darwin(?)
Cuiabá
Alice Springs (?)
Jo´burg
CBERS ground stations will cover most of the Earth’s land
mass between 300N and 300S
INPE´s Remote Sensing Satellites: 2010-2020
CBERS-3
Amazônia-1
CBERS-4
CBERS-SAR
Amazônia-2
CBERS-5
Amazônia-3
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
CBERS: China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite
Amazônia-1: 100% Brazilian
CBERS-6
CBERS 05/06 Preliminary Proposal
Medium resolution and wide swath to
revisit the earth surface with a high
frequency.
64
CBERS 5 – 6 Sensors (under discussion)
Visible – Near IR
Medium wave IR
Short wave IR
Thermal IR
IRMSS 20 m (120 km)
AWFI-2 20 m (720 km)
MUX 5/10 m
(120 km)
0.4 0.5
0.7
0.9
1.5
Built by China
1.7
2.1
2.3
3.5
Built by Brazil
3.7
3.9
10
12
µm
CBERS-5,6
Polarization
Imager
(CAST)
Programmable
Spectrometer
(CAST)
PANMUX (CAST)
IRMSS (CAST)
MUX/WFI (INPE)
Spectral Bands (μm)
0.45-0.52 B
0.52 – 0.59 G
0.63 – 0.69 R
0.77 – 0.89 NIR
0.50 – 0.80 PAN
1.55 -1.75
2.08 – 2.185
2.185-2.285
2.295-2.365
3.55 - 3.93
8-10
0.45 – 0.52 B
0.52 – 0.59 G
0.63 – 0.69 R
0.77 – 0.89 NIR
0.45 –0.90
(15 bands)
0.465-0.515
0.535-0.575
0.645-0.685
0.835-0.895
Resolution (m)
10/5
20 / 40 (TH)
22/28
60
1km
Swath (km)
120
2X60
445/821
120
2000km
Pointing (deg)
No
No
No
No
No
Revisit (days)
25
25
25
25
-
Quantization (bits)
10
12
10
10
12
Mass (kg)
200
2X150
-
25kg
42
Dimension (mm)
1000X850X850
400X500X900
1100X350X1000
400X160x160
580X440X390
Beijing, March. 2009
CBERS SAR (CBSAR)
Sun-Synchronous
Dawn-Dusk Orbit;
Full Power on
descending and
ascending;
Double-sided access by
roll maneuver;
5-day full world coverage at 30m;
25-day full world coverage at 10m;
1-day spot at 5m;
SAR Modes and Features
ScanSAR
Spotlight
TOPSAR
Stripmap
SAR Modes and Features
Interferometric
SAR
Differential
Interferometric SAR
Polarization VV HH VH HV
CBSAR Operational Capabilities:
China in 5 days with 30 m resolution
CBSAR Operational Capabilities:
China in 25 days with 10 m resolution
CBSAR Operational Capabilities:
Amazonia in 5 days with 30 m resolution
CBSAR Operational Capabilities:
Amazonia in 25 days with 10 m resolution
Comparison: wide swath in 2014
CBSAR
RISAT
Sentinel
SAOCOM
ALOS-2
TerraSAR
-X
CosmoSkymed
(India)
(ESA)
(Argentin
a)
1.25
5.35
5.4
1.3
1.2
9.65
9.6
Resolution (m)
30
50
25
115
100
18.5
100
Max Range Swath (km)
560
240
250
270
350
100
200
HH, HV,
VH, VV
dual
HH, HV,
VH, VV
HH, HV,
VH, VV
Single,
Dual
HH+HV
or VV+VH
HH, HV,
VH, VV
Repeat Cycle (days)
25
?
6
(2sats)
?
?
11
4
Coverage Time (days)
5
13
6
(2sats)
2 at 35º
South
?
2
0.5
(4 sats)
Systematic
73
?
60
(2sats)
-
-
-
-
2014
2009
2011 and
2014
2010
2013
2010
20072010
Frequency (GHz)
Polarization
Acquisition (times/year)
To be launched in
(4
sats)
Comparison: narrow swath in 2014
CBSAR
RISAT
Sentinel
SAOCOM
(India)
(ESA)
(Argent)
1.25
5.35
5.4
1.3
1.2
9.65
9.6
Resolution (m)
14
3
5
7
10
6
15
Max Range Swath (km)
115
30
80
50
70
30
40
HH, HV,
VH, VV
HH, HV,
VH, VV
HH, HV,
VH, VV
?
Single,
Dual,
Full
dual
HH, HV,
VH, VV
Repeat Cycle (days)
25
?
6
(2 sats)
?
?
11
4
(4 sats)
Coverage Time (days)
25
19
6
(2 sats)
?
?
2
0.5
(4 sats)
Systematic
14
?
60
(2 sats)
-
-
-
-
2014
2009
2011
and
2014
2010
2013
2010
20072010
Frequency (GHz)
Polarization
Acquisition (times/year)
To be launched in
ALOS-2 TerraSAR
-X
CosmoSkymed
Comparison: spotlight mode in 2014
CBSAR
RISAT
Sentinel
SAOCOM
ALOS-2
TerraSAR
-X
CosmoSkymed
(India)
(ESA)
(Argent)
1.25
5.35
-
-
1.2
9.65
9.6
Resolution (m)
3
<2
-
-
3
1.5
1
Max Range Swath (km)
50
10
-
-
25
10
10
dual
?
-
-
Single
Dual
HH, HV,
VH, VV
Repeat Cycle (days)
25
?
-
-
?
11
4
Coverage Time (days)
1-2
?
-
-
?
2
0.5
(4 sats)
-
?
-
-
-
-
-
2014
2009
2011
and
2014
2010
2013
2010
20072010
Frequency (GHz)
Polarization
Systematic
(4
sats)
Acquisition
(times/year)
To be launched in
CBSAR simulation: Amazonia rain forest
(L-band, 10 m res)
PETROBRAS Solimões Terminal, Coari
Color-composite: LHH(R) + LVV (G)+LHV(B)
CBSAR simulation: Amazonia rain forest
(L-band, 10 m res)
Tapajós National Forest
Color-composite: Lhh(R)+Lvv(G)+Lhv(B)
CBSAR simulation: Coastal regions
(L-band, 10 m res)
Bragança Coastal Zone
Color-composite: Lhh(R)+Lvv(G)+Lhv(B)
CBSAR simulation: Agriculture
(L-band, 10 m res)
L.E. Magalhães (Bahia State)
Color-composite: Lhh(R)+Lvv(G)+Lhv(B)
InSAR: maps of surface
deformation
InSAR image of the 1999 earthquake in
Izmit, Turkey (ERS-2 data processed by JPL)
InSAR image of the 2008 earthquake in
Sichuan (ALOS data processed by IREA).
Brazilian SAR technology:
OrbiSAR-1 SYSTEM
X-band SAR-Image 3x3m
Campinas, Brazil)