Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Mobility
Intelligent Mobility Systems
or
Intelligent Transport Systems
Electronics and Information Technologies for Mobility Systems
Alberto Ramos da Cunha
[email protected]
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
1
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Plan
• IT devices in mobility environments
• IT trends
• Primitive functions of IMS (Intelligent Mobility Systems)
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Oct 2009
Detection and identification of people and equipment (vehicles)
Traffic command and control
Navigation
Safety and accident prevention
Real-time information
Information management, decision support systems
Alberto R. Cunha
2
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Mobility
Personal devices
• People, goods and equipments (namely vehicles)
are entities which move or are moved
• Mobile or personal devices are a becoming an
ubiquitous way of identification and
communication
– Examples: smart cards, RFID tags, smart phones
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
3
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Mobility
Embedded systems
• Embedded systems are electronic systems
included in other (larger) systems
• Automotive
– Safety, security, energy management, comfort
– Examples: Engine management, ABS, stability control,
parking sensors, navigation, on-board entertainment
(audio/video), driver monitoring
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
4
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Mobility
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
• Command, control and monitoring systems
covering a wide-area, an infrastructure, or an
organisation
– Early warning and response to incidents
– Operations management
• Examples: Fleet management (automatic vehicle
location), dynamic signals, real-time
driver/passenger information systems, tolling
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
5
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
IT trends
• Computing power is closely related with the evolution of
microelectronics technologies
– Active devices on a circuit increase 55% per year
– Memory capacity doubles each 1,5 to 2 years
• Communications bandwidth
– On local area networks increased an order of magnitude in 5 years
• These are steady trends from the 1970s
Embedded intelligence is here to stay
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
6
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Building-block technologies
• Sensors (energy, speed, accelerations, vibrations,
orientation, light, rain, proximity, vital signs)
• Detection and identification (RF/ID, image
processing)
• Local communications (automotive buses,
proximity networks) and mobile communications
• Information systems
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
7
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Detection and Identification
People and vehicles are identified with different technologies
People
• Identification through a personal device (a smart card, a
NFC mobile phone)
Vehicle – Infrastructure (Road)
• Detection and identification through a identifier (RFID or
Dedicated Short Range Communication) or by image
capture and processing
Vehicle – Vehicle
• Detection by ultrasounds, radars and intelligent networks
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
8
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Person identification
Transport cards
A transport card is a personal electronic device with the
following features
• Low transaction time ( 150 ms)
• Simple user interface
• Logic security
• Reduced cost
• Capacity to support new services
Contactless card
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
9
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Lisboa Viva card
• Microprocessor contactless card
– Double interface (with and
without contact)
– Multi-services
2
• Contactless validators
• E-ticket – Small cost and
reusable electronic “paper”
ticket
3
4
4
• Universal data model
 Link Consulting, OTLIS
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
10
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Vehicle identification
There are several techniques to identify vehicles, requiring
different levels of vehicle and roadside equipments:
• With pre-defined channels  RF antennas and identifiers
(DSRC)
Via Verde, Electronic License Plate
• With open control points  Image processing
London Congestion Charging
• Open space  Satellite-based location and mobile
communications
Fleet management systems
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
11
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Vehicle identification
ID channels
Dedicated
Non dedicated
Open
Radio-frequency
Image recognition
Satellite based
location
Onboard
equipament
Identifier
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Identifier and mobile
communications
Detection
Explicit
Non explicit
Non explicit
Detection complexity
Small
Large
Large
Application
flexibility
Reduced
Reasonable:
•License plates
•Infractions
Reasonable:
•Navigation
•Tracking
Example
Via Verde
London Congestion
Charging
Fleet management
stystems
Virtual tolling
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
12
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Vehicle identification by DSRC
• Road tolling
• Access control to restricted areas
• Parking
• Proprietary schemes will evolve to
future Electronic License Plate standard
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
© Brisa, EMEL
13
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
London Congestion Charging
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
14
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
AVL systems (1/2)
Carris example
© Carris, Tecmic
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
15
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
AVL systems (2/2)
Carris example
© Carris, Tecmic
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
16
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Real-time user information
Inform the user about the services and
infrastructures available and of their status
• Dynamic information panels
• Personal devices or vehicle terminals
– Information and “alarmistics” on the mobile phone
SMS Carris service
– Radio Data System – Traffic Message Channel
• Internet (or mobile Internet)
http://www.iestradas.pt/trafego/images
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
17
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Information processing
Data collection from automatic detection and
identification enables
• Real-time control of a system
• To know the patterns of utilisation of a system and
to anticipate future demands
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
18
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Information processing
Ex: Transport mode with a closed network
1.
2.
3.
4.
Card + Validator  Validation record
Validation record  Station server
Station server  Operator server
Entry  Exit
Operator server  Intermodal server
Exit at Operator A  Entry at Operator B
...
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
19
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Information processing
Operational systems
• Infraction detection (excess speed, unauthorised parking, reserved
lanes, etc.)
• Real-time information to users
• Route planning
Management systems
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Driver behaviour
Fleet management (maintenance, costs control)
Mobility patterns – Origin/Destination matrices
Financial clearing
Payment of services and tolling
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
20
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
The future
• More safety
– Location, detection and early warning of hazards
– Driver monitoring
• More security
– Vehicle tracking
• More comfort
– Real-time information and integrated navigation
– Virtual tolling
• More flexible services
– Car sharing
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
21
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
The future
GPS/EGNOS
Telecom Satelite
Satelite Link
Satelite Link
GPS/
EGNOS
Regional
CC
Telecom
Road Side
Equipmen
t
Regional
CC
Telecom
Navigation
Terminal
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
© INOV
22
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Intelligent environment
“BMW ConnectedDrive seeks to intelligently network the driver with his
car and the surroundings, thus making road traffic safer, more efficient,
and more comfortable”
 BMW
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
23
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Electronic and information technologies
• Will became ubiquitous in our hands, cars, roads and cities
• Are powerfool tools to increase our knowledge of the
mobility patterns of motorised and non-motorised people
• Can be integrated in large Intelligent Mobility Systems
which, if properly build and driven will contribute to
improve our quality of life
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
24
Seminários sobre Inovação e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Mobility
Intelligent Transport Systems
or
Intelligent Mobility Systems
Electronics and Information Technologies for Mobility Systems
Alberto Ramos da Cunha
[email protected]
Oct 2009
Alberto R. Cunha
25