OECD Territorial Review
of Portugal
Mario Pezzini
Soo-Jin Kim
GDP per capita in OECD countries
Growth in GDP per capita (2001-2006)
in OECD countries
0.0
Luxembourg
Turkey
United States
Slovak Republic
Norway
Hungary
Ireland
Czech Republic
Switzerland
Korea
Iceland
Poland
Austria
Greece
Denmark
Ireland
United Kingdom
Luxembourg
Canada
Sweden
Australia
Finland
Netherlands
Iceland
Belgium
United Kingdom
Finland
New Zealand
Sweden
Australia
Japan
United States
France
NAFTA
EU15
Norway
Germany
Mexico
OECD total
Canada
Italy
Spain
Spain
OECD
New Zealand
Japan
Greece
Denmark
Korea
G7
Portugal
Belgium
Czech Republic
Austria
EU15
Hungary
Netherlands
Slovak Republic
France
Poland
Switzerland
Mexico
Germany
Turkey
Portugal
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
Italy
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Population density
Marginalisation index
%
%
%
GDP per capita
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
#
#
Centróide ponderado pela distribuição
da população e elipse padrão (1981)
%
Habitantes por Km 2
1º Quartil = 28
Mediana = 74
3º Quartil = 178
%
%
%
Densidade populacional (2004)
Muito reduzida
Reduzida
Elevada
Muito elevada
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Centros Urbanos
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
NUTS II
NUTS III
NUTS II
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
##
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
% %
%
%
%
%
%
%
%%%
%
%
%
%
%
% %% %
%
%
%
%%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Índice de Marginalidade
Funcional
Muito Fraco
Fraco
Forte
Muito Forte
%
%%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
##
%
%
%
%
%
%
% %
%
Centróide ponderado pela distribuição
da população e elipse padrão (2004)
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
% %
%
%
%
%
%
%
Portugal = 100
> 125
] 100 ; 125 ]
] 75 ; 100 ]
<= 75
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
% %
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
NUTS II
%
%
%
%
%
%
%%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
40
0
40 Km
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
##
%
%
%
%
##
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Gini index of GDP per capita
%
%
%
%
%
%%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Turkey
0.27
%
%
%
%
%
0.26
Mexico
Slovak Republic
%
0.22
%
0.19
%
%
0.18
Poland
%
40%
0.17
%
%
0
40 Km
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
0.15
##
0.15
%
%
%
%
%
0.15
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
40
0.14
Portugal
United States
%
% %
0.16
Canada
OECD average
%
%
%
0.17
United Kingdom
Austria
%
%
0.19
Luxembourg
Ireland
0
0.14
0.13
Italy
0.12
Germany
Spain
Can regional policy do more
for the national policy agenda in Portugal?
0.12
0.12
Czech Republic
Denmark
0.12
0.11
Norway
France
0.11
0.10
Finland
Netherlands
0.10
0.10
Australia
0.09
Greece
Japan
0.00
%
%
Belgium
Hungary
Sweden
##
0.09
0.05
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
40 Km
Rising unemployment
Gini index of regional disparities in
unemployment (TL3), 2003
Unemployment rate
12
10
EU15
8
OECD
6
Portugal
4
2
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
… linked with weak educational attainments
Portugal
Share of population with tertiary education
0.65
Finland
0.63
Australia
Ireland
0.59
0.59
Spain
0.56
United States
0.54
Denmark
Mexico
0.50
Italy
0.50
France
Germany
0.50
0.46
Netherlands
0.45
Greece
0.45
Belgium
OECD average
0.45
0.52
0.43
Sweden
0.40
Austria
0.33
Poland
0.32
0.38
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
0.00
Share of
national
GDP
0.39
Hungary
Norway
0.29
Share of national
R&D expenditure
Rural areas
9%
Rural areas
20%
0.27
Grande
Lisboa
31%
0.08
Intermediate
areas 15%
0.20
0.40
1998
0.60
2003
Gini index of inequality of educational attainment
of the labour force for tertiary education (TL2)
Grande Lisboa
49%
Intermediate
areas
22%
Other urban
areas 12%
Grande
Porto
12%
Other urban
areas
15%
Grande Porto
15%
% of each age group with at least upper-secondary qualification, 2003
Low educational
attainments,
slow catching-up
between
generations
Viana do Castelo
place-based
Vila Real
Braga
Bragança
Porto
including
lagging
regions
Viseu
Guarda
Aveiro
Coimbra
Castelo Branco
Leiria
Innovation
policy
Potalegre
Santarém
Lisboa
Distritos
Évora
Municipalities
Setúbal
Beja
40
Faro
0
40 Km
Paradigm shift in Portuguese regional policy
Subsidies to
reduce
disparities
Sectoral
Top-down
Investment for
competitiveness
Multi-sectoral
Multi-level
governance
Examples of policies:
• Competitiveness & Technology Hubs
• Urban Networks for Competitiveness & Innovation
• Programme for the Valorisation of Endogenous Resources (for low-density areas)
… based on calls for projects & partnerships between regional actors
Subsidies to
reduce
disparities
Investment for
competitiveness
Multi-sectoral
Região Autónoma dos Açores
Minho-Lima
Alto Trás-os-Montes
Cávado
Ave
Commissions
for Regional
Co-ordination &
Development
(CCDR)
NORTE
Tâmega
Grande
Porto
Douro
Entre Douro
e Vouga
Beira
Interior
Norte
Dão-Lafões
Baixo
Vouga
Serra da
Estrela
CENTRO
Baixo
Mondego
Cova da
Beira
Pinhal
Interior
Norte
Pinhal
Litoral
Médio
Tejo
Beira
Interior
Sul
Pinhal
Interior
Sul
Espanha
Education & training
At
At regional
regional level
level
Rural development
At
At national
national level
level
Urban development
National
Strategic
Reference
Framework
Top-down
Multi-level
governance
Environment
NSRF
Transport
Sectoral
Oeste
Alto Alentejo
Lezíria
do Tejo
Território afectado pela
alteração das NUTS III
Grande
Lisboa
LISBOA
Península
de Setúbal
Alentejo Central
ALENTEJO
Região Autónoma da Madeira
Alentejo
Litoral
Baixo
Alentejo
ALGARVE
Algarve
0
40 Km
Subsidies to
reduce
disparities
Investment for
competitiveness
Multi-sectoral
Sectoral
Multi-level
governance
Top-down
Policy coherence
Participatory policy-making
Região Autónoma dos Açores
Minho-Lima
Alto Trás-os-Montes
Cávado
Ave
Grande
Porto
Municipalities
NORTE
Tâmega
Douro
Associations
Entre Douro
e Vouga
Baixo
Vouga
Serra da
Estrela
Médio
Tejo
Cova da
Beira
Pinhal
Interior
Norte
Beira
Interior
Sul
Pinhal
Interior
Sul
Oeste
Alto Alentejo
Lezíria
do Tejo
Território afectado pela
alteração das NUTS III
Business
Espanha
Baixo
Mondego
Pinhal
Litoral
Beira
Interior
Norte
Dão-Lafões
CENTRO
Grande
Lisboa
LISBOA
Península
de Setúbal
Alentejo Central
ALENTEJO
Região Autónoma da Madeira
Alentejo
Litoral
Education & research
Baixo
Alentejo
ALGARVE
Algarve
0
40 Km
Financial institutions
CONCLUSION
New regional policy for national policy objectives
• Opportunity to invest in long-term assets for sustainable development
• Full implementation of reforms through multi-level governance