NEUROCIÊNCIAS E ESPORTES
Prof. Erick Conde
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Laboratório de Neurociência Cognitiva
Inside the brain of an elite athlete:
the neural processes that support
high achievement in sports
Kielan Yarrow* , Peter Brown‡ and John W. Krakauer §
Abstract | Events like the World Championships in athletics and the Olympic Games raise the
public profile of competitive sports. They may also leave us wondering what sets the
competitors in these events apart from those of us who simply watch. Here we attempt to
link neural and cognitive processes that have been found to be important for elite
performance with computational and
physiological
REVI
EW Stheoriesinspired by much simpler
laboratory tasks. In this way we hope to inspire neuroscientists to consider how their basic
research might help to explain sporting skill at the highest levels of performance.
x
ort e
t al c
e
i
r
a
P
mirror
system
Prem
ot or
cort e
x
Potential actions
D
o
r sa
lstr
e
am
Year on year, competitive athletes confound our expectaand an expanded role for forward models,
tions regarding the limits of human physical perform- which includes predicting the sporting consequences of
ance. Although expert performance has beenAttention
studied in actions. We also link our account to neurophysiologiCognitive
1
cognitive psychology for many years , this research has cal data which suggest that decision making anddecision
action making
had limited impact on our understanding of the neural planning are interdependent. Hence, we attempt toPrefrontal
basis of expert performance because the emphasis is on identify how learning principles and neurophysiologycortex
complex real-world tasks assessed with performance could account for the
observed performance differences,
Basal
ganglia Behavioural
Predicted
measures that do not map easily onto computational with
the aim of bridging the
gap between psychological
biasing
feedback
processes or their neural implementation. Conversely, research on expertise and neuroscientific models of the
Ventralbasic
st reammechanisms that support sporting success.
neuroscientistshavefocused on much simpler laboratorybased tasks. These tasks are more amenable to bridgSpecification
Selection
Object
ing the brain–behaviour divide because they allow more Current ideas in motor control
identity
rigorous psychophysical characterization, computational All movements have goals. This is especially true in
Temporal
modelling and brain-based hypothesis testing with sport,Cerebellum
in which the goal is to win. Movements
also have
cortex
single-unit recording and brain imaging. However, the energetic costs. Thus, the most efficient computation
Motor
relationship between simple laboratory-based
that is optimal
Visualmotor
feedback or the most skilled movement is the one
command
adaptation tasks (learnt over hours or days) and sports in terms of accomplishing the goal at the lowest cost. In
skills (learnt over months or years) is far from clear.
a recent formulation of the computational motor conFigure
2 | Neuraltrol
substrates
of the
affordance
model.
3,4 Possible neural
Reviews
| Neuroscience
Consideration of what is required to be good
at sport
framework,
called
optimalcompetition
feedbackNature
control
, three
substrates for a model of parallel motor preparation and decision making based on
leads to the realization that distinctions between
perbasic
kinds
of
computation
can
be
described:
first,
we
biased competitive interactions2. The model is depicted against the backdrop of a
temporally occluded videos of dart throws
videos are of their own movements97, tha
they already have sets of motor commands
allel the observed action sequence. The ex
a human mirror system, which implies an
action simulation capability that is activate
the need to actually perform the action, has
ited in numerous studies98–100. For the mirror
be useful in prediction, it would be necessar
activation related to the kinematics of the
task and not just to the more abstract represe
the action goal. Indeed, this has been shown
observation of a grasping movement made b
person, in the absence of any motor respo
observer, elicits activation in motor-related
depends on the laterality and observed viewp
observed hand101. The mirror system could
an important role in observational learni
occurs frequently in sports coaching setting
The second important conclusion from
ketball study is that skill has interdependen
tual and motor components — only the eli
showed anticipation and excitability changes
On the Neurophysiology of Flow
Thought-Provoking Studies from Sport and Music Psychology,
:siht ta kool woN
Neurofeedback and Trance Research
Andreas Burzik, M.Ps.
2nd European Conference on Positive Psychology
Verbania Pallanza, Italy, 5-8 July 2004
adies and Gentleman,
On the Neurophysiology of Flow
Thought-Provoking Studies from Sport and Music Psycholo
Welcome to this lecture on the neurophysiology of flow! Neurofeedback and Trance Research
Andreas Burzik, M.Ps.
Ladies and Gentleman,
et me start with a few words about my professional background. I’m a musicia
this lecture on the neurophysiology of flow!
sychologist and psychotherapist. DuringWelcome
the tolast
ten years I developed a flow
riented
practising
method
for
Let me start with
a few wordsI about
my professional
background. I’m
musicians
which
teach
internationa
psychologist and psychotherapist. During the last ten years I devel
www.practising-in-flow.de). This practisingoriented
method
directly
musicians
practising
method leads
for musicians
which I into
teachflo
i
st
ates and makes use of their creative potential.
At
the
1
International Conferenc
states and makes use of their creative potential. At the 1 Internationa
(www.practising-in-flow.de). This practising method directly leads music
st
Positive PsychologyI two
years ago in Washington
I presented as
this
n Positive Psychology two years ago in on
Washington
presented
this method
practical application of flow in a specific domain.
Pênalti não é loteria. Pênalti é:
1) Emocional
a)Por contágio:
Moll, T., Jordet, G., & Pepping, G. J. (2010). Emotional contagion in soccer penalty shootouts:
Celebration of individual success is associated with ultimate team success. Journal of sports
sciences, 28(9), 983-992.
b) Por capacidade de auto-regulação:
Wilson, M. R., Wood, G., & Vine, S. J. (2009). Anxiety, attentional control, and performance
Modelo do equipamento utilizado para o registro
ocular. O software sobrepõe a imagem obtida de
uma câmera p/ o olho com as imagens da camera
que filma o ambiente.
Protocolo utilizado para a simulação virtual do chute: um projetor
envia a imagem a um espelho, o qual projeta na tela. Os goleiros
ficavam à frente com o eye-tracker e com um joystick respondiam
para uma das localidades abaixo, simulando a defesa.
RESULTADOS: Atletas Experientes prestaram menos atenção
em áreas irrelevantes ao movimento. Em outras palavras, os
atletas experientes conseguiram filtrar o excesso de
informações disponíveis, concentrando-se de forma mais
coerente aos seus objetivos na tarefa.
•Savelsbergh, G.J.P.; Williams,A.M.; Van Der Kamp, J.; Ward,P. Visual search, anticipation and expertise in soccer goalkeepers. J Sports Sci
20:279-87.
Timmis, M. A., Turner, K., van Paridon, N. (2014). Visual Search Strategies of Soccer Players
Executing a Power vs. Placement Penalty Kick. PLoS ONE 9(12): e115179. doi
10.1371/journal.pone.0115179
CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE
The Effects of EEG Neurofeedback Training on the
Behavioral Complaints of Soccer Athletes
The Effects of EEG Neurofeedback Training on the
Behavioral Complaints of Soccer Athletes
Erick Conde1; Alberto Filgueiras2; Adriana Lacerda3; Paulo Ribeiro4; Tiago Arruda Sanchez5
Table 1: Results of initial multidisciplinary assessment, considering psychological, physical, technical and
tactical aspects
MÉTODOS
Figure 1: Operating dynamics of the neurofeedback sessions: signals were collected from Cz,
amplified and a real-time feedback was displayed on the computer.
Table 2: Results of the multidisciplinary assessment after the SMR Neurofeedback training
and the respective qualitative condition of the initial complaints
JUDÔ
Conde, E. ; Filgueiras, A. ; Lameira, A.P. Tempo de Reação no Futebol: A Tarefa de
Compatibilidade Estímulo - Resposta (CER) Como Estratégia de Treinamento. Col. Pesq em Ed
Fís., v. 8, p. 199-204, 2009.
OBRIGADO!
Prof. Dr. Erick Conde
PPG em Psicologia / PG em Psicologia Cognitiva
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
[email protected]