EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
Droughts Management through the
24 July 2008
Albufeira Agreement
José Rocha Afonso
Vice-President
INAG - Water Institute of Portugal
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
OUTLINE
‰
European initiative on Water Scarcity and
24 July 2008
Droughts
‰
The Albufeira Agreement
‰
2005 Drought in Portugal
‰
Albufeira Next Steps
2
Aquifers and Reservoirs
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
Main Droughts
in Portugal:
•
•
•
•
•
•
1944/45
1953/54
1975/76
1981/83
1992/93
2004/2005
SPI
Standardized
Precipitation
Index
24 July 2008
Extreme
Severe
3
Minho
N
Y
#
Y
#
Lima
Bragança
Viana do Castelo Cávado
Y
#
Braga
Ave
Douro
Y
#
Vila Real
Leça
Y
#
Y
#
Porto
Y
#
Aveiro
Viseu
Y
#
Vouga
Guarda
Mondego
Y
#
Coimbra
Y
#
Lis
Castelo Branco
Y Leiria
#
Ribeiras do
Oeste
Y
#
Y
#
Tejo
Y
#
Portalegre
Santarém
Lisboa
Y
#
Y
#
Évora
Setúbal
Guadiana
Sado
Y
#
Beja
Mira
20 0 20 Kilometers
Ribeiras do Algarve
Y
#
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
Faro
Y
#
Capital de Distrito
Limites de Plano de Bacia
Densidade Populacional 1998 [Hab/Km2]
0 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 500
500 - 1000
1000 - 1500
1500 - 2000
> 2000
GREEN PAPER
FROM THE COMMISSION
TO THE COUNCIL, THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT,
THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC
AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE
AND THECOMMITTEE OF
THE REGIONS
WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE
AND DROUGHTS
„
Some concerns and gaps to deal with WS&D
issues which influence the achievement of
the environmental objectives of WFD
„
One of the most widespread recent droughts
24 July 2008
occurred in 2003, when over 100 million
people and a third of the EU territory were
affected
„
Droughts: 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
4
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS
24 July 2008
30th October 2007
COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
24 July 2008
30th October 2007
•
Water Scarcity and Droughts are relevant problems in the
European Union
•
WS&D have a direct impact on citizens and economic sectors
(e.g. water supply, agriculture, forestry, tourism, industry,
energy, transport) and affects the environment as a whole
•
Climate Change could increase the drought impacts
•
Need to move from a crisis-management to prevention and
preparedness approach
COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
30th October 2007
• Ineffective management of water resources is a problem and
water
efficiency
and
better
water
allocation
should
be
promoted. The implementation of the demand-side approach,
the
enhancement
of
water
efficiency
(e.g.
reduction
of
leakages) and further educational measures must be a clear
priority
24 July 2008
• The need for new water supply measures can be considered,
once the projected impacts of water saving measures prove
insufficient; these supply measures may consist of traditional
or alternative options, including, for example, waste water reuse and desalination, carried out under sustainable conditions
COUNCIL CONCLUSIONS
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
24 July 2008
30th October 2007
•
Review the access conditions of the Solidarity
Fund and Civil Protection Mechanism for the MS
affected by droughts
•
Promote the setting up of a European Water
Observatory
•
Elaboration of a Follow-up Report in 2008
following the EC Communication proposed actions
•
Review the EU Strategy for WS&D by 2012
8
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
OUTLINE
‰
European initiative on Water Scarcity and
24 July 2008
Droughts
‰
The Albufeira Agreement
‰
2005 Drought in Portugal
‰
Albufeira Next Steps
9
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
PORTUGAL AND SPAIN SHARED RIVER BASINS
5 SHARED RIVER BASINS
10 SPANISH INLAND WATER RESOURCES PLANNING REGIONS
10 PORTUGUESE INLAND WATER RESOURCES PLANNING REGIONS
2 SPANISH ISLAND WATER RESOURCES PLANNING REGIONS
2 PORTUGUESE ISLAND WATER RESOURCES PLANNING REGIONS
24 July 2008
TOTAL AREAS:
Portugal - 89 000 km2
Spain - 492 000 km2
5 river basins:
Portugal –
Spain -
64%
42%
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
Albufeira Agreement
The Albufeira Agreement was signed in 1998 to
improve the cooperation between the Governments
of Portugal and Spain, in order to encourage the
sustainable use of shared water courses and to
maintain and improve the ecological status of
shared water bodies.
24 July 2008
Co-operation bodies:
Conference of the Parties
Commission for the Application and
Development of the Agreement
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
Albufeira Agreement
24 July 2008
Convention on Cooperation for the Water Protection
and the Sustainable Use of the Spanish/Portuguese
River Basins
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Introduction
Part I – General Dispositions
Part II – Cooperation Between the Parties
Part III – Protection and Sustainable Use
Part IV – Exceptional Situations
Part V – Institutional Dispositions
Part VI – Final Dispositions
ƒ Aditional Protocol: FLOW REGIMEN
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
Article 19º
Droughts and Water Scarcity
24 July 2008
1 — As Partes coordenam as suas actuações para prevenir e controlar as situações de
seca e escassez, estabelecem os mecanismos excepcionais para mitigar os efeitos das
mesmas e definem a natureza das excepções ao regime geral estabelecido na presente
Convenção, em especial no que se refere ao bom estado das águas, nos termos do direito
comunitário aplicável.
2 — As medidas excepcionais referidas no número anterior incluem:
a) As condições em que as medidas excepcionais podem ser aplicadas, incluindo a
utilização de indicadores que permitam caracterizar as situações de seca e escassez de
forma objectiva;
b) As medidas para incentivar o controlo e a poupança dos consumos de água;
c) As normas específicas de utilização dos recursos hídricos disponíveis para assegurar o
abastecimento às populações;
d) A gestão das infra-estruturas, em particular das que dispõem de capacidade
significativa de armazenamento de água;
e) As medidas de redução dos consumos e as de vigilância, para assegurar o seu
cumprimento;
f) As normas sobre descargas de águas residuais, captações, desvios e represamentos de
água.
3 — A declaração de situação excepcional é comunicada pela Parte afectada a outra
Parte, uma vez comprovadas as condições referidas na alínea a) do n.o 2 do presente
artigo.
4 — As medidas excepcionais adoptadas pelas Partes, assim como as ocorrências
observadas durante a situação excepcional, são comunicadas de imediato à comissão que
poderá emitir os relatórios pertinentes.
5 — As Partes, no seio da Comissão, realizam estudos conjuntos sobre secas e situações
de escassez para definir as medidas para mitigar os seus efeitos e definem os critérios e
os indicadores do regime excepcional e as medidas a adoptar nessas situações. Estes
critérios, indicadores e medidas são definidos no prazo de dois anos, prorrogável por
acordo especial.
6 — Na falta dos referidos critérios, indicadores e medidas, são adoptados os fixados no
Protocolo Adicional a esta Convenção e no respectivo anexo.
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
Albufeira Agreement
Article 19º of the Agreement
Need for coordination betwen the parties, aiming at:
24 July 2008
1 ― Prevention, and
2 ― Control of scarcity and drought situations;
it is also foreseen the establishment of:
3 ― Exceptional mechanisms for the mitigation of
effects, and
4 ― Exceptions to the normal regimen.
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
Flow Regimen: Exception Periods
The Agreement establishes criteria for the exceptions to the
normal
flow regimen during dry years - e.g. when the
percentage of the accumulated precipitation from the begin of
the hydrologic year, in relation with the average accumulated
precipitation for the same period, is bellow a certain value, in
24 July 2008
the following way:
ƒ
Minho water basin: 70% (accumulated until July, 1)
ƒ
Douro water basin: 65% (accumulated until June, 1)
ƒ
Tejo water basin: 60% (accumulated until April,1)
ƒ
Guadiana water basin: 65% (accumulated until March,1,
but the
water storage in some reference reservoirs must be considered)
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
Albufeira Agreement
Ministry for Environment
Spatial Planning and
Regional Development
Ministry of Environment, and
Rural and Marine Affairs
Commission for the Application and
Development of the Albufeira
Agreement (CADC)
24 July 2008
Portuguese Technical
Secretariat
WORKING GROUPS :
ƒ Flow regimes, water scarcity and
emergency situations
ƒ Information exchange
ƒ Security of the infrastructures and
floods
ƒ WFD and Water Quality
Public Participation Sub-Commission
Spanish Technical
Secretariat
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
OUTLINE
‰
European initiative on Water Scarcity and
24 July 2008
Droughts
‰
The Albufeira Agreement
‰
2005 Drought in Portugal
‰
Albufeira Next Steps
17
24 July 2008
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
2005 DROUGHT MANAGEMENT
•
In normal situations: monitoring and alert system
•
Institutional structure at national level composed by
regional and central state agencies and the main
stakeholders
•
Two levels: political and strategic (Drought
Committee) and technical and operational
(Secretariat)
•
Financial and technical support for priority mitigation
measures
•
CADC meetings
18
INDICATORS USED IN PORTUGAL
Reservoir Storage
Status (15 October
2005)
PDSI
Aquifer situation
31 Jul 05
Reservoir Status
(Sado & Mira basins)
27
%
Cretácico de Aveiro (184/6)
73
%
Moura-Ficalho (524/50)
Tejo - m. Esquerda (420/9)
Water quality in
Castelo Bode
Reservoir
Hydropower Production
Querença-Silves (595/215)
19
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
SEVERITY OF
2004/2005 DROUGHT
PSDI
November
2004
April 2005
May 2005
December
January 2005
February
2005
March 2005
24 July 2008
October 2004
June 2005
July 2005
August 2005
September
2005
20
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
2005 DROUGHT IMPACTS
„
24 July 2008
„
„
SECTORS
z
Urban Water supply – 23.2 M€
z
Agriculture – 39 M€
z
Hydropower losses of production – 182 €
z
Fertilizer industry and pulp and paper industry – 32.25 M€
z
Awareness campaigns – 0.7 M€
z
Forest fires – 8.8 M€
z
Biodiversity and ecosystem protection – 0.3 M€
RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENT
z
Diminished flows in rivers
z
Lowering of reservoirs
z
Lowering of water tables
z
Upstream migration of saline concentration
SOME ASPECTS
z
Agriculture sector was dramatically affected with restrictions
on reservoir water abstraction to guarantee urban water
supply
z
In 66 municipalities (100.500 inhabitants) urban water supply
affected was supplemented by 22.850 water tank operations
21
Douro River Basin
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
„
Verificação da condição de excepção 2004/05
Será excepção se:
Precipitação acumulada na bacia hidrográfica, desde o
início do ano hidrológico até 1 de Junho, inferior a
65% da média acumulada, para o mesmo período.
Precipitação Média Acumulada até
01/Junho
373.4 mm
Precipitação Acumulada de Referência*
até 01/Junho/2005
24 July 2008
239 mm
65% da Média
242.7 mm
Verifica-se Excepção ?
Faltam 3.7 mm para não entrar em
regime de caudais de excepção
24 July 2008
24 July 2008
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
24
24 July 2008
25
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
OUTLINE
‰
European initiative on Water Scarcity and
24 July 2008
Droughts
‰
The Albufeira Agreement
‰
2005 Drought in Portugal
‰
Albufeira Next Steps
26
EXPO 2008
ZARAGOZA
Outcomes of the of the 2nd Conference of
the Parties
The 2nd Conference of the Parties took place on February
19th, 2008 in Madrid.
The main issues dealt were:
9 Endorsement of a new protocol concerning an innovative
flow regimen in the international Albufeira Agreement.
24 July 2008
9 Creation of a Common Permanent Technical Secretariat.
9 Announcement of the establishment of the Website for
the Albufeira Agreement (www.cadc-albufeira.org)
9 Endorsement of a Protocol for Action to apply the Strategic
Environmental Assessment with cross border effects.
Permanent Technical Secretariat of
the Commission
Ministry for Environment
Spatial Planning and
Regional Development
Ministry of Environment, and
Rural and Marine Affairs
Commission for the Application and Development of the
Albufeira Agreement (CADC)
WORKING GROUPS:
24 July 2008
ƒ Flow regimes, water scarcity and emergency situations
ƒ Information exchange
ƒ Security of the infrastructures and floods
ƒ WFD and Water Quality
Public Participation Sub-Commission
Permanent Technical Secretariat
(PTS)
General concepts:
- Every two years the headquarters of the PTS will switch
between Madrid and Lisbon.
- It will be composed by 2 civil servants from Portugal and 2 from
Spain.
Objectives:
-Providing technical, administrative and promotional support to the CADC.
- Guaranteeing the efficiency of the CADC.
- Promoting the development of the CADC in order to approach other similar
organizations and encourage the exchange of experiences.
- Promoting far-reaching and transparent initiatives.
28